DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De Biologia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De Biologia UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA RAFAEL GUIMARÃES GOMES SILVA ESTUDOS CITOTAXONÔMICOS EM SAPINDALES: ESTADO DA ARTE E EVOLUÇÃO DOS NÚMEROS CROMOSSÔMICOS CAMPINAS 2018 RAFAEL GUIMARÃES GOMES SILVA ESTUDOS CITOTAXONÔMICOS EM SAPINDALES: ESTADO DA ARTE E EVOLUÇÃO DOS NÚMEROS CROMOSSÔMICOS Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre na Área de Biologia Vegetal. ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE A VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO RAFAEL GUIMARÃES GOMES SILVA E ORIENTADA PELA PROFª. DRA. ELIANA REGINA FORNI MARTINS Orientadora: PROFª DRA. ELIANA REGINA FORNI MARTINS CAMPINAS 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CAPES; CNPq, 130816/2015-9 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-2453 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Guimarães, Rafael Gomes Silva, 1991- G947e GuiEstudos citotaxônomicos em Sapindales : estado da arte e evolução dos números cromossômicos / Rafael Guimarães Gomes Silva. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. GuiOrientador: Eliana Regina Forni Martins. GuiDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Gui1. Citotaxonomia vegetal. 2. Angiosperma. 3. Número cromossômico. 4. Evolução. 5. Citogenética vegetal. I. Forni-Martins, Eliana Regina, 1957-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Citotaxonomy studies in Sapindales : state of the art and evolution of chromosomal numbers Palavras-chave em inglês: Plant cytotaxonomy Angiosperms Chromosome numbers Evolution Plant cytogenetics Área de concentração: Biologia Vegetal Titulação: Mestre em Biologia Vegetal Banca examinadora: Eliana Regina Forni Martins [Orientador] Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa Ricardo Augusto Lombello Data de defesa: 23-02-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Biologia Vegetal Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Campinas, 23 de fevereiro de 2018. COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA Profª. Dra. Eliana Regina Forni Martins Prof. Dr. Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa Prof. Dr. Ricardo Augusto Lombello Os membros da Comissão Examinadora acima assinaram a Ata de Defesa, que se encontra no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. Dedico esta dissertação e todo o esforço do trabalho À minha mãe Carmen Lúcia AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço e dedico primeiramente à minha mãe, Carmen, todo o esforço e dedicação que ela teve para que eu pudesse ter o suporte necessário para terminar. À Profa. Eliana por toda a orientação e compreensão que teve durante todo o tempo do mestrado. Foi uma grande mestra e espero ter correspondido às suas expectativas. Ao Prof. Itayguara pelo apoio e pelos insights de ideias que me auxiliaram na escrita da reta final e pela participação na prévia e na banca, além de toda a amizade que vem desde a minha graduação. Uma grande parte do pesquisador que sou hoje devo a ele. Ao Prof. Ricardo Lombello, Prof. Rubens Pirani e Prof. André Simões por terem aceitado o convite para a banca e pelas sugestões. Ao Prof. Pedro Dias pelo convite para realizar o trabalho em parceria ao projeto Temático: FAPESP Processo 2014/18002-2. Pela participação na qualificação e na prévia, pela disponibilização da árvore para a realização do capítulo 2, pelas sugestões e pelas conversas e aventuras nas viagens de campo ao som do “mução”. Ao Prof. João Semir pelas sugestões na qualificação e as boas conversas na hora do café. À Prof. Ana Paula pelas sugestões na qualificação e na prévia. Aos professores e colegas do Departamento de Biologia vegetal que de algum modo contribuíram para a minha formação e crescimento profissional. Aos meus colegas do laboratório. Aos meus professores da graduação que fizeram de mim um biólogo com excelente base. Agradeço também aos meus amigos que ficaram em Fortaleza durante o período que fiquei fui para o mestrado e aos novos que em Campinas fiz. Agradeço em especial ao Herbert por todas as conversas, discussões, suporte, apoio e carinho que tanto me ajudaram nessa trajetória. Agradeço também ao Emerson que foi de tanta importância em todos os momentos que esteve presente, pelo carinho e pela paz que me proporcionou para que eu tivesse ótimas condições de realizar esse trabalho. Em especial também agradeço à Jessica por ser uma ótima vizinha de quarto, ser minha amiga desde que nascemos basicamente e a vida sempre dando um jeito de deixar a gente caminhando junto. À Unicamp, CNPQ e CAPES pelo programa, bolsas e suporte logístico. RESUMO A citogenética é o estudo dos cromossomos e utiliza o número cromossômico e o número básico como principais parâmetros de avaliação. Como ferramenta, a Citotaxonomia tem se mostrado como um valioso meio de elucidar questões biossistemáticas. A ordem Sapindales possui nove famílias, sendo seis grandes famílias (Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae e Simaroubaceae) e outras três pequenas (Biebersteiniaceae, Kirkiaceae e Nitrariaceae). Apesar da ordem já ser por diversas vezes corroborada como monofilética, as relações entre as famílias e sua evolução permanecem sem um modelo satisfatório. Assim, o estudo do estado da arte e da evolução dos números cromossômicos de Sapindales pode servir de base para a resolução desses desafios. No capítulo 1, é apresentada uma externsa revisão de literatura sobre os números cromossômicos já publicados, bem como as informações extra numéricas como: cariótipo; imagens; discussões associadas à filogenia, número básico e ploidia, caracterização longitudinal, quantidade de DNA e microsporogênese. Foi traçado um panorama de conhecimento da citogenética da ordem, além de realizar uma discussão da evolução do número cromossômico para a ordem e suas famílias com indicações de número básico. No capítulo 2, foi utilizada a base de dados de número cromossômico com duas árvores filogenéticas para a reconstrução da evolução do número cromossômico da ordem Sapindales e suas famílias. O conhecimento global da citogenética é pequeno, com menos de 50% dos gêneros e 14% das espécies com número conhecido. No Brasil a situação é semelhante para os gêneros. As informações extranuméricas são escassas, sendo as ilustrações dos cromossomos as mais comumente apresentadas. O nível de ploidia é o assunto mais discutido nas publicações. Os registros são, em sua maioria, asiáticos. Houve um declínio na pesquisa citogenética a partir da década de ’80. Quanto à evolução do número cromossômico, para a formação das grandes famílias de Sapindales, ocorreram eventos de duplicação e aumento de número cromossômico a partir de um ancestral comum com x = 7, sendo x = 14 o número básico na raiz das grandes famílias. As famílias tiveram evoluções diferentes do número cromossômico, porém a tendência interna é a diminuição dos números cromossômicos através de disploidia. Eventos de disploidia, principalmente descendente, são bem recorrentes em toda a história evolutiva de Sapindales. A poliploidia é um evento que não é tão presente no grupo, entretanto, nas famílias em que ela ocorre, foi de extrema importância na diversificação, como em Meliaceae e Rutaceae. As sugestões de número básico foram: Biebersteiniaceae x = 5, Nitrariaceae x = 7, Anacardiaceae x = 14 ou 15, Burseraceae x = 13, Meliaceae inconclusivo, Rutaceae x = 9, Sapindaceae x = 16 e Simaroubaceae inconclusivo. Palavras Chaves: Citotaxonomia, Angiospermas, ChromEvol, Evolução, Sapindales, Número Básico, Número Cromossômico, Citogenética. ABSTRACT The citogenetics is the study of chromosomes and uses the chromosome number and the basic number as the main parameters of evaluation. The citotaxonomy as a tool has proved to be valuable means to elucidating biosystematic questions. The Sapindales order has nine families, where six of them are large families (Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae e Simaroubaceae) and another three are small families (Biebersteiniaceae, Kirkiaceae and Nitrariaceae). Despite the order has already been corroborated as monofiletic many times, the relationships between families and their evolution still remain without a satisfactory model. Therefore, the study of state of art and of Sapindales chromosome number’s evolution may serve as a database to solve these challenges. In chapter 1, we search in literature the chromosome numbers already published, as well as the extranumeric information such as: karyotype; images; discussions associated with phylogeny, basic number and ploidy level; logintudinal characterization; DNA content and microsporogenesis. We trace a cytogenetic knowledge order’s, besides discuting chromosome number’s evolution for the order and their families with suggestion of basic number. In chapter 2, we use the database of chromosome number with two phylogenetic trees for reconstruction of chromosome number’s evolution for Sapindales orders and their families. The cytogenetic knowledge is low, with less than 50% of genders and 14% of species with a known number. The situation is similar for Brazilian genders. The extranumerical information is scarce, with the illustrations of the chromosomes being the most commonly presented. The ploidy level is the topic more discussed in publications. The records are mostly asiatics. There has been a decline in cytogenetic research since the 1980s. Regarding chromosome number evolution, in formation of large families of Sapindales, events of duplication and increase of chromosome number occurred from a common
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seeds and Plants Imported
    Issued November 9,1915. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 1 " " TO JUNE 30,1913. " , r (No. 35; Nos. 35136 TO 3566^..,--"•-****"*"' WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. Issued November 9,1915. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM APRIL 1 TO JUNE 30,1913. (No. 35; Nos. 35136 TO 35666.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1915. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Assistant Chief of Bureau, KARL F. KELLERMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL. Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAFF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge. P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Meyer and Wilson Popenoe, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, and R. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Allen M. Groves, Nathan Menderson, and Glen P. Van Eseltine, Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Subtropical Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md. E. R. Johnston, Assistant in Charge, Plant Introduction Field Station, Brooksville, Fla. Edward Goucher and H. Klopfer, Plant Propagators. Collaborators: Aaron Aaronsohn, Director, Jewish Agricultural Experimental Station, Haifa, Palestine; Thomas W.
    [Show full text]
  • Junker's Nursery
    1 JUNKER’S NURSERY LTD 2011-2012 Higher Cobhay (01823) 400075 Milverton Somerset E-mail: [email protected] TA4 1NJ Website: www.junker.co.uk See website for more detail: www.junker.co.uk elcome to a new look catalogue. Mind you, the catalogue is season, but if that means planting at a time of year when the plants have2 the least of the changes this year! We have finally completed best chance of success, then that can only be a good thing. I would en- W our relocation to our new site. Although we have owned it courage you therefore to make your plans and reserve your plants for for nearly 4 years now, personal circumstances intervened and it has when we can lift them. Typically we start this in mid-October. The taken longer to complete the move than we anticipated. It was definitely plants don’t need to have completely lost their leaves, but they do need worth the wait though (even if the rain is streaming down the windows to have finished active growth for the season. We will then continue lift- yet again, even as I write this in late July!) So much is different that it’s ing right through until March or so, but late planting can be risky in the difficult to know where to start...what remains unchanged however is our event of a dry spring such as we’ve had the last couple of years. Lifting commitment to growing the most exciting plants to the best of our abil- is weather dependant though, as we can’t continue if everything is water- ity, and to giving you, the customer, the kind of personal service that logged or frozen solid.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Angiospermic Flora of Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh
    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 25(2): 187-207, 2018 (December) © 2018 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF RAJKANDI RESERVE FOREST OF MOULVIBAZAR, BANGLADESH 1 2 A.K.M. KAMRUL HAQUE , SALEH AHAMMAD KHAN, SARDER NASIR UDDIN AND SHAYLA SHARMIN SHETU Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh Keywords: Checklist; Angiosperms; Rajkandi Reserve Forest; Moulvibazar. Abstract This study was carried out to provide the baseline data on the composition and distribution of the angiosperms and to assess their current status in Rajkandi Reserve Forest of Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. The study reports a total of 549 angiosperm species belonging to 123 families, 98 (79.67%) of which consisting of 418 species under 316 genera belong to Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons), and the remaining 25 (20.33%) comprising 132 species of 96 genera to Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Rubiaceae with 30 species is recognized as the largest family in Magnoliopsida followed by Euphorbiaceae with 24 and Fabaceae with 22 species; whereas, in Lilliopsida Poaceae with 32 species is found to be the largest family followed by Cyperaceae and Araceae with 17 and 15 species, respectively. Ficus is found to be the largest genus with 12 species followed by Ipomoea, Cyperus and Dioscorea with five species each. Rajkandi Reserve Forest is dominated by the herbs (284 species) followed by trees (130 species), shrubs (125 species), and lianas (10 species). Woodlands are found to be the most common habitat of angiosperms. A total of 387 species growing in this area are found to be economically useful. 25 species listed in Red Data Book of Bangladesh under different threatened categories are found under Lower Risk (LR) category in this study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Book CMU 5(2)
    CMU. Journal (2006) Vol. 5(2) 169 Survey and Herbarium Specimens of Medicinal Vascular Flora of Doi Suthep-Pui Somporn Putiyanan1* and J.F. Maxwell2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The herbarium includes over 9,285 specimens from 238 families (270 fam. in the word) in medicinal plant herbarium, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University. From July 1987 to September 1991, a total of 2,044 species have been collected from Doi Suthep- Pui National Park, some of which are of considerable economic, medicinal and botanical interest. Vascular plants in this national park comprise of 193 of the 228 known families of vascular plants in Thailand, including a new family record for the flora of Thailand (Lardizabalaceae), eleven species new records for Thailand, three emended descriptions, two new combinations, and at least two species, with several others that are probably undescribed and new to science. The lowland, mostly disturbed forests up to 350-950 m. elevation, are of two deciduous facies, viz., dipterocarp-oak and mixed (former teak) forest. Elevations above this to the summit of Doi Suthep (c.1,620 m.) and Doi Pui (c.1,685 m.) are primary evergreen (monsoon) with some residual pine on some of the ridges. There is a distinct dry season (December-May) during which there are fires and many of the lowland species flower and fruit, many become leafless while in the evergreen areas, there is no specific flowering or fruiting season, that is, the phenologies of the plants in this habitat vary according to each species throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Data Book Plants-Final Vipin
    Rare, Endangered and Threatened (RET) Species of Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) Sr. Botanical Name Family Status Distribution Causes of Delpletion Description No. 1 Acer caesium Wall. ex ACERACEAE Vulnerable India; Western Himalaya from Causes for its depletion are largely Large deciduous broad-leaved trees, andromonoecious. Dormant flower Brandis Kashmir to Kumaon covering due to its over-exploitation for buds large and prominent. Leaves 8-18 X 10-20 cm, palmately 5-1obed, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal industrial use (2, 6) and increasing upper surface green, lower surface characteristically caesio-pruinose, Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh (8). manifold use by local people in the base deeply cordate, 5-nerved, leaf lobes caudate-acuminate, petioles 6- Western Himalayas (1). 15 cm long, reddish. Inflorescence corymbose-panicle, erect, terminal, puberulous, appearing after the leaves. Flowers pale greenish-yellow to yellow. Sepals longer than petals. Stamens 8, inserted into the disc, exserted. Ovary pubescent, style 2, connate half way up. Fruit a samara, samara wings slightly divergent. 2 Acer hookeri Miquel var. ACERACEAE Endangered India, endemic to Sikkim and Causes for its decline and possible Trees, 12-16 m tall, andro-monoecious or dioecious. Branches green, majus Pax Darjeeling district of West Bengal. extinction may be over-exploitation whitish striped, later grey-brown. Leaves 10-14 x 5.5-8.5 cm, adult leaf It was collected from a place of forest flora for timber and coriaceous, margin imperfectly biserrate, serration less cuspidate, ovate, between Rirhi and Rinchingpong, firewood and massive de- apex caudate-acuminate to cuspidate, base 5-nerved. Inflorescence Sikkim (with altitude range from.
    [Show full text]
  • Arboretum News Armstrong News & Featured Publications
    Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Arboretum News Armstrong News & Featured Publications Spring 2019 Arboretum News Georgia Southern University- Armstrong Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/armstrong-arbor-news Part of the Education Commons This article is brought to you for free and open access by the Armstrong News & Featured Publications at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arboretum News by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Arboretum News Issue 9 | Spring 2019 A Newsletter of the Georgia Southern University Armstrong Campus Arboretum From the Editor: Arboretum News, published by the Grounds Operations Department ’d like to introduce you to the Armstrong Arboretum of the new of Georgia Southern University- IGeorgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus. Designated Armstrong Campus, is distributed as an on-campus arboretum in 2001 by former Armstrong to faculty, staff, students and Atlantic State University president Dr. Thomas Jones, the friends of the Armstrong Arboretum. The Arboretum university recognized the rich diversity of plant life on campus. encompasses Armstrong’s 268- The Arboretum continues to add to that diversity and strives to acre campus and displays a wide function as a repository for the preservation and the conservation variety of shrubs and other woody of plants from all over the world. We also hope to inspire students, plants. Developed areas of campus faculty, staff and visitors to appreciate the incredible diversity contain native and introduced species of trees and shrubs. Most that plants have to offer.
    [Show full text]
  • Acer Miyabei
    Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Species: Acer miyabei (ay'ser mi-YA-bee-eye) Miyabe Maple Cultivar Information * See specific cultivar notes on next page. Ornamental Characteristics Size: Tree < 30 feet Height: 35'-45', Width: 30' Leaves: Deciduous Shape: upright oval to rounded, can have open or dense branching, low branching Ornamental Other: prefers full sun, tolerates partial shade Environmental Characteristics Light: Full sun, Part shade Hardy To Zone: 5a Soil Ph: Can tolerate acid to alkaline soil (pH 5.0 to 8.0) CU Structural Soil™: Yes Insect Disease none of significance Bare Root Transplanting Easy Other easy to transplant B&B or < 2.5" caliper bare root. Native to Japan Moisture Tolerance 1 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Occasionally saturated Consistently moist, Occasional periods of Prolonged periods of or very wet soil well-drained soil dry soil dry soil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Cultivars for Acer miyabei Showing 1-2 of 2 items. Cultivar Name Notes Rugged Ridge 'Rugged Ridge' - more deeply furrowed corky bark than species State Street 'State Street' (a.k.a. Morton) - hardy to zone 4; upright oval form; good uniform branching; dark green foliage; good golden yellow fall color; possibly fast growing 3 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Photos Acer miyabei trunk Acer miyabei foliage 4 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Acer miyabei habit Acer miyabei - Bark 5 Woody Plants Database [http://woodyplants.cals.cornell.edu] Acer miyabei - Leaf Acer miyabei - Habit 6.
    [Show full text]
  • These De Doctorat De L'universite Paris-Saclay
    NNT : 2016SACLS250 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de doctorat (Biologie) Par Mlle Nour Abdel Samad Titre de la thèse (CARACTERISATION GENETIQUE DU GENRE IRIS EVOLUANT DANS LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE) Thèse présentée et soutenue à « Beyrouth », le « 21/09/2016 » : Composition du Jury : M., Tohmé, Georges CNRS (Liban) Président Mme, Garnatje, Teresa Institut Botànic de Barcelona (Espagne) Rapporteur M., Bacchetta, Gianluigi Università degli Studi di Cagliari (Italie) Rapporteur Mme, Nadot, Sophie Université Paris-Sud (France) Examinateur Mlle, El Chamy, Laure Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Examinateur Mme, Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja Université Paris-Sud (France) Directeur de thèse Mme, Bou Dagher-Kharrat, Magda Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Co-directeur de thèse UNIVERSITE SAINT-JOSEPH FACULTE DES SCIENCES THESE DE DOCTORAT DISCIPLINE : Sciences de la vie SPÉCIALITÉ : Biologie de la conservation Sujet de la thèse : Caractérisation génétique du genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Présentée par : Nour ABDEL SAMAD Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES Soutenue le 21/09/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Dr. Georges TOHME Président Dr. Teresa GARNATJE Rapporteur Dr. Gianluigi BACCHETTA Rapporteur Dr. Sophie NADOT Examinateur Dr. Laure EL CHAMY Examinateur Dr. Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Directeur de thèse Dr. Magda BOU DAGHER KHARRAT Directeur de thèse Titre : Caractérisation Génétique du Genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Mots clés : Iris, Oncocyclus, région Est-Méditerranéenne, relations phylogénétiques, status taxonomique. Résumé : Le genre Iris appartient à la famille des L’approche scientifique est basée sur de nombreux Iridacées, il comprend plus de 280 espèces distribuées outils moléculaires et génétiques tels que : l’analyse de à travers l’hémisphère Nord.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 Feng Shu Trees Or Shrubs
    Fl. China 11: 516–553. 2008. 2. ACER Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. 枫属 feng shu Trees or shrubs. Leaves mostly simple and palmately lobed or at least palmately veined, in a few species pinnately veined and entire or toothed, or pinnately or palmately 3–5-foliolate. Inflorescence corymbiform or umbelliform, sometimes racemose or large paniculate. Sepals (4 or)5, rarely 6. Petals (4 or)5, rarely 6, seldom absent. Stamens (4 or 5 or)8(or 10 or 12); filaments distinct. Carpels 2; ovules (1 or)2 per locule. Fruit a winged schizocarp, commonly a double samara, usually 1-seeded; embryo oily or starchy, radicle elongate, cotyledons 2, green, flat or plicate; endosperm absent. 2n = 26. About 129 species: widespread in both temperate and tropical regions of N Africa, Asia, Europe, and Central and North America; 99 species (61 endemic, three introduced) in China. Acer lanceolatum Molliard (Bull. Soc. Bot. France 50: 134. 1903), described from Guangxi, is an uncertain species and is therefore not accepted here. The type specimen, in Berlin (B), has been destroyed. Up to now, no additional specimens have been found that could help clarify the application of this name. Worldwide, Japanese maples are famous for their autumn color, and there are over 400 cultivars. Also, many Chinese maple trees have beautiful autumn colors and have been cultivated widely in Chinese gardens, such as Acer buergerianum, A. davidii, A. duplicatoserratum, A. griseum, A. pictum, A. tataricum subsp. ginnala, A. triflorum, A. truncatum, and A. wilsonii. In winter, the snake-bark maples (A. davidii and its relatives) and paper-bark maple (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Acer Buergerianum Plants, Adequately Moist in Summer but Well Drained in Winter Is "Trident Maple" a Pretty Small Tree Whose Grace Is Enhanced by the Key to Success
    Acer buergerianum plants, adequately moist in summer but well drained in winter is "Trident Maple" A pretty small tree whose grace is enhanced by the key to success. 3m. the small three-lobed leaves. Particularly good autumn colour begins scarlet turning orange-yellow. A good hardy Maple Acer x conspicuum 'Silver Cardinal' tolerant of many less favoured sites. 4m. This Snakebark has the most incredible pink and cream variegated foliage, highlighted by the red petioles and young stems. It Acer circinatum 'Monroe' occurred as a chance seedling of A. pensylvanicum and received A plant I've lusted after for years! Shrubby habit, with deeply an Award of Merit in 1985. Our stock is directly derived from incised light green leaves (even more so than A. japonicum the original seedling in the Windsor Great Park. Unless your soil 'Aconitifolium'). Predominantly yellow autumn colours may is very good, it is safest in dappled shade. 3m. develop some orange. Worthy of a special site. 3m. Acer x conspicuum 'Silver Vein' Acer circinatum 'Pacific Fire' A hybrid between A. davidii George Forrest and A. Imagine the coral bark colour of Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku' pensylvanicum Erythrocladum found at Hilliers about 1960. It is combined with the larger leaves and more tolerant growth arguably the best of the basic snakebarks for garden suitability requirements of this species, and the result is a plant with and good colour with its rich purple and white striped winter awesome potential. Fantastic autumn colour too. bark, becoming green with maturity. 5m. Acer circinatum 'Sunglow' Acer davidii This has been on my "wanted" list ever since I first saw it Delightful small tree noted for dazzling autumn colour and photographed! Apricot coloured young growth matures to attractive white striped purple bark in winter.
    [Show full text]
  • 101R to Release Genetically Engineered Citrus Tristeza Virus
    Southern Gardens Citrus Nursery, LLC Permit 17-044- 101r to Release Genetically Engineered Citrus tristeza virus Preliminary Pest Risk Assessment May 2018 Agency Contact Cindy Eck Biotechnology Regulatory Services 4700 River Road USDA, APHIS Riverdale, MD 20737 Fax: (301) 851-3892 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’S TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Mention of companies or commercial products in this report does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they
    [Show full text]
  • Maples in the Landscape Sheriden Hansen, Jaydee Gunnell, and Andra Emmertson
    EXTENSION.USU.EDU Maples in the Landscape Sheriden Hansen, JayDee Gunnell, and Andra Emmertson Introduction Maple trees (Acer sp.) are a common fixture and beautiful addition to Utah landscapes. There are over one hundred species, each with numerous cultivars (cultivated varieties) that are native to both North America and much of Northern Europe. Trees vary in size and shape, from small, almost prostrate forms like certain Japanese maples (Acer palmatum) and shrubby bigtooth maples (Acer grandidentatum) to large and stately shade trees like the Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Tree shape can vary greatly, ranging from upright, columnar, rounded, pyramidal to spreading. Because trees come in a Figure 1. Severe iron chlorosis on maple. Note the range of shapes and sizes, there is almost always a interveinal chlorosis characterized by the yellow leaves spot in a landscape that can be enhanced by the and green veins. Spotting on the leaves is indicative of the addition of a maple. Maples can create a focal point beginning of tissue necrosis from a chronic lack of iron. and ornamental interest in the landscape, providing interesting textures and colors, and of course, shade. some micronutrients, particularly iron, to be less Fall colors typically range from yellow to bright red, available, making it difficult for certain trees to take adding a burst of color to the landscape late in the up needed nutrients. A common problem associated season. with maples in the Intermountain West is iron chlorosis (Figure 1). This nutrient deficiency causes Recommended Cultivars yellowing leaves (chlorosis) with green veins, and in extreme conditions, can cause death of leaf edges.
    [Show full text]