DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecological Aspects of Cercocarpus Montanus Raf. Communities in Central Utah

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecological Aspects of Cercocarpus Montanus Raf. Communities in Central Utah Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1974-05-01 Ecological aspects of Cercocarpus Montanus raf. communities in central Utah David Lee Anderson Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Anderson, David Lee, "Ecological aspects of Cercocarpus Montanus raf. communities in central Utah" (1974). Theses and Dissertations. 8011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8011 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ECOLOGICALASPECTS OF CERCOCARPUS MONTANUSRAF. COMMUNITIESIN CENTRALUTAH A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Botany and Range Science Brigham Young University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by David Lee Anderson May 1974 This thesis, by David Lee Anderson, is accepted in its present form by the Department of Botany and Range Science of Brigham Young University as satisfying the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science. Typed by Sharon Bird ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express gratitude and apprecia- tion to the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (I.N.T.A.), Argentina, for their financial support and interest in this project. Special appreciation is expressed to Dr. Jack D. Brotherson for suggesting the investigation of this problem and for his complete cooperation and guidance throughout the study and writing. Acknowledgment is also given to the Department of Botany and Range Science of Brigham Young University for their financial support and for their aid in supplying labora- tory space and field equipment necessary for the completion of this study. Appreciation is expressed to Dr. Ben Wood for his guidance and Dr. John F. Vallentine for his critical reading of the manuscript; to Dr. Sheldon Nelson for the provision of laboratory space and equipment for soil analyses; to Dr. Robert L. Park for statistical guidance. Special appreciation is expressed to my family. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. iii LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . viii INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATUREREVIEW . 4 Taxonomy . • . • • . 4 Distribution and Comrrrunity Structure ........ 4 Forage Value . • . 8 METHODS. 9 General . 9 Vegetation 9 Soil . 17 RESULTSAND DISCUSSION 18 Description of Study Areas . ...... 18 Cat Canyon (Site No. 1) ............. 18 Upper Falls (Site No. 2) .•.......•.• 30 Edgemont (Site No. 3) . • . • • . 30 Spanish Fork Canyon (Site No. 4) . • . .. 31 Monk's Hollow (Site No. 5) .••••.• 32 Whiskey Springs (Site No. 6) .•...•.... 33 Stagecoach Inn (Site No. 7) . 34 Olmstead (Site No. 8) . ••....• 35 Cascade Springs (Site No. 9) 36 Sixth Water (Site No. 10) . 37 Red Hollow (Site No. 11) . 38 Thistle School (Site No. 12) . 38 Logan Canyon (Site No. 13) . 39 Timpooneke (Site No. 14) . 40 iv Fairview Canyon (Site No. 15) . 41 Santaquin Canyon (Site No. 16) ......... 41 Sheep Creek (Site No. 17) . 42 Canyon Glen (Site No. 18) ..•...... 43 Dividend (Site No. 19) . • . 43 Wanship (Site No. 20) . 44 Vegetational Analysis . 45 Cluster Analysis with C. montanus . 45 Cluster Analysis without C. montanus ...... 49 Linear Regression. .. 55 Multiple Regression . 63 C. montanus Height-Class Ratios , . • . 69 SUMMARYAND CONCLUSIONS. • . 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 79 APPENDIX . 81 V LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Prevalent Age Class as Applied to C. rnontanus 11 2. Deer Use as Applied to C. rnontanus . 12 3. Canopy-Coverage Classes 13 4. Prevalent Species List for All C. rnontanus Sites . 15 5. Physical Factors of the Twenty Study Sites 19 6. Soil Characteristics of the Twenty Study Sites 20 7. Percent Cover Summary of General Vegetation and Physical Factors . 21 8. Summary of C. montan~ parameters 22 9. Number of Deer Pellet Groups per Acre 23 10. Percent Cover Values for All Species in Twenty Study Sites . 24 11. Variables Used in Linear and Multiple Regression. 56 12. Factors Correlating with C. montanus Percent Frequency ............... 58 13. Factors Correlating with C. montanus Density per Acre . 59 14. Factors Correlating with C. montanus Canopy Cover 60 15. Factors Correlating with C. montanus Average Height . 61 16. Correlation of Factors to C. montanus Percent Frequency . .. 65 vi Table Page 17. Correlation of Factors to C. montanus Density per Acre . 66 18. Correlation of Factors to C. rnontanus Canopy Cover . 67 19. Correlation of Factors to C. rnontanus Average Height ................. 68 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Location map of twenty C. montanus sites studied . 3 2. Distribution map of Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. montanus in United States 6 3. Site clusters (with C. montanus) . 46 4. Frequency and density of C. montanus; percent clay and percent bare soil plotted against cluster groups .........•..•.... 47 5. Percent sand plotted against cluster groups . 47 6. Percent slope, total brush cover, total grass cover, and total litter cover plotted against cluster groups ....•............ 47 7. Soluble salts and pH plotted against cluster groups . 47 8. Total vegetation cover, total annual cover, per- cent silt, average height and number of stems of C. montanus plotted against cluster groups . 48 9. Total forb cover and total surface rock cover plotted against cluster groups ........• 48 10. Site clusters (without C. montanus) . 50 11. Total vegetation cover, percent litter and percent slope plotted against cluster groups .... 51 12. Deer pellet groups plotted against cluster groups 51 13. Shrub cover plotted against cluster groups .... 51 viii Figure Page 14. Total soluble salts and soil depth plotted against cluster groups .. 51 15. Total grass cover plotted against cluster groups . 52 16. pH plotted against cluster groups 52 17. Surface rock plotted against cluster groups 52 18. Percent clay plotted against cluster groups 52 19. Percent silt plotted against cluster groups 53 20. Percent sand plotted against cluster groups 53 21. Relation of C. montanus stands to elevation, exposure and percent slope ..... 64 22 (a-t). Height-class density relationships of C. montanus---- . 70 ix INTRODUCTION Statement of Problem Native forage shrubs common to the Intermountain Region contribute much feed to livestock and wildlife resources of Utah. As the human population increases and demands for meat products and hunting resources become more critical, precise knowledge of the ecological requirements of forage plants will be necessary in order to apply correct management policies for insuring long-lasting yields. Propa- gation of woody shrub species for other purposes (i.e., the revegetation of roadsides, strip-mined areas, etc.) also demands an exacting knowledge of minimum site characteristics. Such information and knowledge can best be gained through ecological studies directed toward ecosystems where these plants appear as dominants. Cercocarpus montanus Raf. is one such native shrub and is recognized as a forage plant useful to livestock and wildlife. Present literature reveals a paucity of information on the structure, dynamics and habitat requirements of C. montanus Raf. and its communities in Utah. The prime 1 2 objective of this study was to evaluate certain community characteristics of twenty sites in north central Utah (Fig. 1) where C. montanus is a principal component, thus providing a more complete understanding of this and its associated species. 3 .,-·-·-·-·-· -·-. - ·-·-· UTAH Scale: 1 inch= 45 miles .·· ·······..·~.. :. .... ....... --\. ·-·-·-·-·-·1 I ·•...... -··· i I I ' ! \I i i I i I i i I \ +' ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·--·-·-·-·-·--·-·-·-·-·-· ·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·--·-·-·-·-·+ Fig. 1.--Location of twenty C. montanus sites. LITERATUREREVIEW Taxonomy Martin (1950) revised the genus Cercocarpus and delimited eight varieties of C. montanus Raf. The entity referred to in this paper is C. montanus Raf. var. montanus. Martin described this variety and listed several synonyms. Common names for C. montanus are varied. Members of the genus were called mountain mahogany by early pioneers in this area. However, since that time, the name mahogany has been given to the genus Sweitenia and the Federal Trade Com- mission has ruled that the name mahogany should not be used to designate any other genus. Following this rule, the new U.S. Forest Service check list approves "cercocarpus" as the genus' common name (Hayes and Garrison, 1960). Nevertheless, there are several other common names firmly entrenched in the literature (e.g., true mountain mahogany, birchleaf mahogany, and alder-leaf mountain mahogany). Distribution and Community Structure CercocarQus montanus Raf. var. montanus is a widely distributed browse species in the western United States, 4 5 ranging from South Dakota, Nebraska and Oklahoma, through Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico to Utah, Arizona and Nevada (Fig. 2). The main habitat type is found in the eastern Great Basin and Rocky Mountains where it occupies rocky bluffs and mountain slopes between 3500 and 10,000 feet elevation (Medin, 1960; Martin, 1950; Pyrah, 1964). Utah exhibits one of the most widespread distribu- tions of this species. The Soil Conservation Service (1971) reports that C. montanus, found in all resource areas of Utah, grows within the 10-23 inch rainbelt on sites having a June deficiency of moisture. Some of the more important associated species reported for Utah and Colorado
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 1
    ______________________________________________________________________________ A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico ______________________________________________________________________________ 2003 A Vegetation Map of Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico 1 Esteban Muldavin, Paul Neville, Paul Arbetan, Yvonne Chauvin, Amanda Browder, and Teri Neville2 ABSTRACT A vegetation classification and high resolution vegetation map was developed for Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico to support natural resources management, particularly fire management and rare species habitat analysis. The classification and map were based on 400 field plots collected between 1999 and 2002. The vegetation communities of Carlsbad Caverns NP are diverse. They range from desert shrublands and semi-grasslands of the lowland basins and foothills up through montane grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands of the highest elevations. Using various multivariate statistical tools, we identified 85 plant associations for the park, many of them unique in the Southwest. The vegetation map was developed using a combination of automated digital processing (supervised classifications) and direct image interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery (Landsat Thematic Mapper and IKONOS). The map is composed of 34 map units derived from the vegetation classification, and is designed to facilitate ecologically based natural resources management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5 ha minimum map unit size (NPS national standard). Along with an overview of the vegetation ecology of the park in the context of the classification, descriptions of the composition and distribution of each map unit are provided. The map was delivered both in hard copy and in digital form as part of a geographic information system (GIS) compatible with that used in the park.
    [Show full text]
  • Cercocarpus Montanus Cercocarpus Montanus ‘USU-CEMO-001’ ‘USU-CEMO- Was Collected As a Suspected Dwarf Plant in TM Moffat County, CO, on 20 June 2014
    HORTSCIENCE 55(11):1871–1875. 2020. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15343-20 Origin Cercocarpus montanus Cercocarpus montanus ‘USU-CEMO-001’ ‘USU-CEMO- was collected as a suspected dwarf plant in TM Moffat County, CO, on 20 June 2014. This 001’: A New Sego Supreme Plant unique, procumbent specimen was discovered laying over a rock on a windy ridge at an Asmita Paudel, Youping Sun, and Larry A. Rupp elevation of 2708 m (Fig. 2A). The appearance Center for Water Efficient Landscaping, Department of Plants, Soils, and looked different from the typical C. montanus Climate, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 nearby (Fig. 2B). The leaves are smaller and narrower with less serrations compared with Richard Anderson the typical plants (Fig. 2C). Healthy cuttings USU Botanical Center, 725 Sego Lily Drive, Kaysville, UT 84037 were collected, wrapped in moist newspapers and placed on ice until transferred to a cooler at Additional index words. alder-leaf mountain mahogany, cutting propagation, landscape plant, 4 °C. On 21 June, the terminal cuttings were native plant, true mountain mahogany rinsed in 1% ZeroTol (27.1% hydrogen diox- ide, 2.0% peroxyacetic acid, 70.9% inert in- gredient; BioSafe Systems, Hartford, CT), Sego SupremeTM is a plant introduction mose style with elongated achenes wounded by scraping 1 cm of bark from the program developed by the Utah State Uni- (Fig. 1B) (Shaw et al., 2004). It possesses base of the cutting on one side, treated with versity (USU) Botanical Center (Anderson an extensive root system and adapts to 2000 mg·L–1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)/1000 et al., 2014) to introduce native and adaptable medium to coarse textured soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Big Tree Registry a List of the Largest Trees in Texas Sponsored by Texas a & M Forest Service
    Texas Big Tree Registry A list of the largest trees in Texas Sponsored by Texas A & M Forest Service Native and Naturalized Species of Texas: 320 ( D indicates species naturalized to Texas) Common Name (also known as) Latin Name Remarks Cir. Threshold acacia, Berlandier (guajillo) Senegalia berlandieri Considered a shrub by B. Simpson 18'' or 1.5 ' acacia, blackbrush Vachellia rigidula Considered a shrub by Simpson 12'' or 1.0 ' acacia, Gregg (catclaw acacia, Gregg catclaw) Senegalia greggii var. greggii Was named A. greggii 55'' or 4.6 ' acacia, Roemer (roundflower catclaw) Senegalia roemeriana 18'' or 1.5 ' acacia, sweet (huisache) Vachellia farnesiana 100'' or 8.3 ' acacia, twisted (huisachillo) Vachellia bravoensis Was named 'A. tortuosa' 9'' or 0.8 ' acacia, Wright (Wright catclaw) Senegalia greggii var. wrightii Was named 'A. wrightii' 70'' or 5.8 ' D ailanthus (tree-of-heaven) Ailanthus altissima 120'' or 10.0 ' alder, hazel Alnus serrulata 18'' or 1.5 ' allthorn (crown-of-thorns) Koeberlinia spinosa Considered a shrub by Simpson 18'' or 1.5 ' anacahuita (anacahuite, Mexican olive) Cordia boissieri 60'' or 5.0 ' anacua (anaqua, knockaway) Ehretia anacua 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Carolina Fraxinus caroliniana 90'' or 7.5 ' ash, Chihuahuan Fraxinus papillosa 12'' or 1.0 ' ash, fragrant Fraxinus cuspidata 18'' or 1.5 ' ash, green Fraxinus pennsylvanica 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Gregg (littleleaf ash) Fraxinus greggii 12'' or 1.0 ' ash, Mexican (Berlandier ash) Fraxinus berlandieriana Was named 'F. berlandierana' 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Texas Fraxinus texensis 60'' or 5.0 ' ash, velvet (Arizona ash) Fraxinus velutina 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, white Fraxinus americana 100'' or 8.3 ' aspen, quaking Populus tremuloides 25'' or 2.1 ' baccharis, eastern (groundseltree) Baccharis halimifolia Considered a shrub by Simpson 12'' or 1.0 ' baldcypress (bald cypress) Taxodium distichum Was named 'T.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Winter Foraging Habits of Mule Deer in Enclosures in Northern Utah with a Test of the Half-And-Half Sampling Technique
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-1955 A Study of the Winter Foraging Habits of Mule Deer in Enclosures in Northern Utah With a Test of the Half-And-Half Sampling Technique Donald R. Flook Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Flook, Donald R., "A Study of the Winter Foraging Habits of Mule Deer in Enclosures in Northern Utah With a Test of the Half-And-Half Sampling Technique" (1955). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 3721. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3721 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY OF THE WINTER FORA~IN~ HABITS OF MULE DEER IN ENCLOSURES IN NOR'l'HEHN UTAH \iiTH A TEST OF THE HALF- AND-HALF SAMPLIN~ TECHNI~ by Donald R. Flook ' A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Range Mana&emen t UTAH STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE logan, Utah 1955 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express sincrer appreciation to Professor A. u. Smith, Professor G. A. ~arris, and Mr. H. s. Raskell for their guidance dur­ ing this study; to Dr. l. A. Stoddart for his advice in preparation of the manuscript; and to Professor Bliss Crandall and Dr. c. w.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Plant List
    APPENDIX J NATIVE & INVASIVE PLANT LIST The following tables capture the referenced plants, native and invasive species, found throughout this document. The Wildlife Action Plan Team elected to only use common names for plants to improve the readability, particular for the general reader. However, common names can create confusion for a variety of reasons. Common names can change from region-to-region; one common name can refer to more than one species; and common names have a way of changing over time. For example, there are two widespread species of greasewood in Nevada, and numerous species of sagebrush. In everyday conversation generic common names usually work well. But if you are considering management activities, landscape restoration or the habitat needs of a particular wildlife species, the need to differentiate between plant species and even subspecies suddenly takes on critical importance. This appendix provides the reader with a cross reference between the common plant names used in this document’s text, and the scientific names that link common names to the precise species to which writers referenced. With regards to invasive plants, all species listed under the Nevada Revised Statute 555 (NRS 555) as a “Noxious Weed” will be notated, within the larger table, as such. A noxious weed is a plant that has been designated by the state as a “species of plant which is, or is likely to be, detrimental or destructive and difficult to control or eradicate” (NRS 555.05). To assist the reader, we also included a separate table detailing the noxious weeds, category level (A, B, or C), and the typical habitats that these species invade.
    [Show full text]
  • In Forest Management Presented on ;14L-2 3
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF J. Edward Dealy for the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy in Forest Management presented on ;14L-23; /2 Title: ECOLOGY OF CURLLEAF MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY (CERCOCARPtJS LEDIFOLIUS NUTT.) IN EASTERN OREGON AND ADJAC-NT AREAJJ Abstract approved: signature redacted for privacy. Dr. Richard K. Hermann C ercocarpus ledifolius (curlleaf mountain- mahogany),a small, hardwood evergreen tree, was studied to provide informationon germination and initial seedling growth characteristics, and the species' relationship to its environment.and associated vegetation. Exceptional germination for this species resulted from botha wet cold treatment at 4°C for 170 days (88 percent), and a 15-minute soak in a 30 percent solution of H202 (64 percent).Total and partial embryo excision indicated two possible deterrents to germination: mechanical impedance by the seed coat or a gas diffusion block by the membrane surrounding the embryo.The latter was concluded to be the most likely deterrent. Planting techniques must provide for seed coat deterioration by fall seeding (which allows moist winter conditions to do this)or by a brief, strong chemical treatment before spring planting. A pronounced specialization was demonstrated for rapid root growth in relation to top growth of seedlings for at least 120 days following germination.Under optimum laboratory conditions, the six most vigorous seedlings extended roots an average 1. 13 m in 120 days, but developed only 4 cm2 of leaf area and 2. 35 cm of shoot height, indicating a high potential for re-establishment of natural stands after decimation by fire or logging, or in the face of grass and shrub competition.Seedling stem diameter immediately above the root crown was an indicator of root vigor.Seedlings with the largest diameter stems were deepest rooted.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Plant List.Xlsx
    Type Botanical Name Common Name Mature Size Bloom Typical Range Tree Acer grandidentatum Big Tooth Maple Perennial Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis Western Yarrow 1-2 feet White, spring and summer Mountains, 7000ft+ Perennial Agastache rupestris Sunset Hyssop/Licorice Hummingbird3 feet Mint Pink-Purple, 1,500-7,600ft Cactus Agave parryii Parry's Agave 2-3 feet Yellow, Summer 5,000-7,000ft Shrub Amelanchier utahensis Utah Serviceberry 15 feet Apr-May, white 2,000-7,500 ft Shrub Anisacanthus quadrifidus wrightii Flame Hummingbird Bush Perennial Aquilegia chrysantha Golden Columbine 2 ft Golden Yellow, April-September 3,000-11,000ft Shrub Arctostaphylos densifora Howard McMinn Manzanita Shrub Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Kinnickinnick Manzanita 12 inches Perennial Artemisia filifolia Sand Sage 5 feet 4,000-6,000ft Perennial Artemisia frigida Fringe Sage 5,500-10,000ft Perennial Artemisia tridentata Big Basin Sage 10 feet Pale Yellow, July-September 5,000-8,000ft Shrub Atriplex canescens Four-wing Saltbush 5 ft pink 0-8,500 ft Shrub Baccharis sarothroides Desert Broom 13 feet Aug-Nov, 200-4,900 ft Perennial Baileya multiradiata Desert Marigold 15 inches Bright Yellow,March-October < 5,000ft Shrub Berberis (mahonia) fremontii Desert Barberry 15 feet Apr-Jun,Whitish Yellow 4,000-7,000 ft Perennial Berlandiera lyrata Chocolate Flower 24 inches May-Oct,yellow-orange yellow 4,000-7,000ft Grass Bouteloua curtipendula Side Oats Grama 2.5 ft anthers red-yellow, June-November 2,500-7,000ft Grass Bouteloua gracilis Blue Grama 1 ft none 4,000-8,000ft
    [Show full text]
  • Approved Plant List
    Approved Plant List Facts to Know INTRODUCTION: The Approved Tree and Plant List has been complied by highly-qualified experts in the field of horticulture and High Plains native plants, and it includes hundreds of species of plants and trees that are suited to the city’s environment. The list is to be used by property owners, developers, and the city as a standard for selecting native and adapted plant species to minimize maintenance costs, conserve water, and improve longevity. The following pages contain city-approved street tree species, prohibited species, and information regarding invasive species. This information should be used when preparing or updating a landscape plan. If you have any specific questions about this document, please contact the Community Development Department at 303-289-3683. Emerald Ash Borer Please be advised that Ash Borer (Pdodsesia syringae Harris) infestation concerns have been raised by the U.S. Forest Service and by Colorado State University for Ash trees along the Front Range and within Commerce City. The Ash Borer is an exotic insect from Asia that has been found feeding on Ash trees in the area. This insect feeds on all Ash species and can kill trees in one to three years. Therefore, in 2010 Commerce City’s Planning and Parks Planning Divisions issued a temporary, but indefinite, restriction on the use of Ash trees for developments within the city. The city’s policy regarding Ash trees is as follows: 1. Ash trees will not be approved for use in: • Any tree lawn or other right-of-way plantings that are associated with Site Plans, Development Plans, or Improvement Plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Hierarchical Field and Mapping Key to the Vegetation Map of The
    Hierarchical Field and Mapping Key to the Vegetation of the Proposed Tehachapi Pass High-Speed Rail Corridor Prepared by: Anne Klein Todd Keeler-Wolf of the Vegetation Classification and Mapping Program California Department of Fish and Wildlife 2014 Hierarchical Field and Mapping Key to the Vegetation of the Proposed Tehachapi Pass High-Speed Rail Corridor This key is for the vegetation types mapped in support of the proposed Tehachapi Pass Corridor and is based on the classification developed by analyzing survey data for this and other relevant projects. It is intended for use as a guide to identification of field-based and image interpretation-based vegetation assessments. This key is not dichotomous; instead it follows the Manual of California Vegetation (Sawyer et al. 2009), which conforms to the hierarchy of the United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) that was current at that time. The USNVC hierarchy is promoted by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and the Ecological Society of America’s Vegetation Panel (FGDC 2008, Faber-Langendoen et al. 2009). Due to the high diversity of the vegetation communities in the area, this is a complex key. You will need to collect or refer to plant composition data that includes not only those species that are dominant but also those "indicator," or characteristic/diagnostic species, whose presence may cause a stand to key to another vegetation type. If you are using this key for mapping rules please also note that some of the types are typically below the accurate detectability for mapping in this project. Terms and Concepts used throughout the Key United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC): A central organizing framework for how all vegetation in the United States is inventoried and studied, from broad-scale formations (biomes) to fine- scale plant communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Potentilla Rupincola Osterhout (Rock Cinquefoil): a Technical Conservation Assessment
    Potentilla rupincola Osterhout (rock cinquefoil): A Technical Conservation Assessment Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project September 28, 2004 David G. Anderson Colorado Natural Heritage Program Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Peer Review Administered by Center for Plant Conservation Anderson, D.G. (2004, September 28). Potentilla rupincola Osterhout (rock cinquefoil): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/ projects/scp/assessments/potentillarupincola.pdf [date of access]. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was facilitated by the helpfulness and generosity of many experts, particularly Ana Child, Dr. Barry Johnston, and Richard Scully. Their interest in the project and time spent answering questions were extremely valuable, and their insights into the distribution, habitat, genetics, and ecology of Potentilla rupincola were crucial to this project. Thanks also to Greg Hayward, Andy Kratz, and Joy Bartlett for assisting with questions and project management. Jane Nusbaum and Barbara Brayfield provided crucial financial oversight. Annette Miller provided information for the report on seed storage status. Fagan Johnston generated the distribution map. Alison Loar created an Access database to facilitate searches for element occurrence data. Nan Lederer and Tim Hogan provided valuable assistance and insights at the CU Herbarium, as did Janet Wingate and Loraine Yeatts at the Kalmbach Herbarium. Tara Santi assisted with literature acquisition. Special thanks to Dan Cariveau and the CNHP staff (Georgia Doyle, Michael Menefee, Ron Abbott, Jim Gionfriddo, and Jill Handwerk) who reviewed part or all of the first draft of this document. Thanks also to Jen Krafchick, Cleome Anderson, and Melia Anderson for their support during the synthesis of this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Values of Conservation Trees & Shrubs
    Wildlife Values of Conservation Trees and Shrubs conservation seedlings: buyer’s guide (28-page, full color 1.25 megabyte PDF file) this information was compiled January, 1995 and updated January, 1997; by Kent Grant, Assistant District Forester, Durango District, Colorado State Forest Service. Note: Clicking on any scientific species name which is linked will take you to the plant database which provides additional information on selected species The Colorado State Forest Service tree program enables farmers, ranchers, and rural landowners to obtain trees at nominal cost. The program’s aim is to encourage landowners with two acres or more to successfully establish conservation tree plantings. Planting windbreaks, shelterbelts, or providing erosion to attract wildlife is a common objective for many landowners. Each wildlife species has its own habitat requirements, and landowners can attract individual species by planting trees and shrubs to enhance wildlife food and cover. For example, pheasants (and other game birds) are attracted to windbreaks having a fruit-bearing shrub row such as plum or Nanking cherry. A more complex windbreak design for game birds incorporates a “thicket” planting. The windbreak keeps the thicket free of snow in winter and creates a snow storage area that can be planted with milo, millet, or sunflowers to provide game birds a winter food source and a hidden loafing area. Thicket plantings are usually square in shape with fruit-bearing shrubs spaced 4 to 6 feet apart. When planting to increase wildlife habitat, decide first which wildlife species you wish to attract. To attract deer and elk, plant tree and shrub species which provide them with a winter source of food and cover.
    [Show full text]
  • Simulating Vegetation Along the Colorado Front Range
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2005 Development and evaluation of successional pathways for SIMPPLLE: Simulating vegetation along the Colorado Front Range Thad E. Jones The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Jones, Thad E., "Development and evaluation of successional pathways for SIMPPLLE: Simulating vegetation along the Colorado Front Range" (2005). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6881. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6881 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature* Yes, I grant permission xf No, I do not grant permission _____ Author's Signature:___^ Date: \L\ Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SUCCESSIONAL PATHWAYS FOR SIMPPLLE: SIMULATING VEGETATION ALONG THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE By Thad E. Jones B.S., University of Montana, 1997 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Forestry The University of Montana March 2005 Approved by; Dean, Graduate School 3 ^ (Q> ^ O Date UMI Number: EP37682 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]