1904 Guide for the Perplexed / Moses Maimonides

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1904 Guide for the Perplexed / Moses Maimonides 行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告 補助人文及社會科學研究圖書計畫規劃主題:宗教文化史 (亞洲宗教的現代化與後現代化)(第 2 年) 研究成果報告(完整版) 計 畫 類 別 : 個別型 計 畫 編 號 : NSC 95-2420-H-004-080-MY2 執 行 期 間 :96年12月01日至97年11月30日 執 行 單 位 : 國立政治大學宗教研究所 計畫主持人:蔡彥仁 共同主持人:劉吉軒、郭承天、林鎮國、林長寬、黃柏棋 蔡源林 處 理 方 式 : 本計畫可公開查詢 中 華 民 國 98 年 02 月 25 日 ■成果報告 行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫 □期中進度報告 人文及社會科學研究圖書計畫(宗教文化史):亞洲宗教的 現代化與後現代化 計畫類別:■ 個別型計畫 □ 整合型計畫 計畫編號:NSC95-2420-H-004-080-MY2 執行期間: 95 年 12 月 1 日至 97 年 11 月 30 日 計畫主持人:蔡彥仁 共同主持人:劉吉軒、郭承天、林鎮國、林長寬、黃柏棋、蔡源林 計畫參與人員: 成果報告類型(依經費核定清單規定繳交):□精簡報告 ■完整報告 本成果報告包括以下應繳交之附件: ■政大購置宗教 總編目清單。 處理方式:除產學合作研究計畫、提升產業技術及人才培育研究計畫、 列管計畫及下列情形者外,得立即公開查詢 執行單位:國立政治大學 中 華 民 國 98 年 2 月 23 日 I 中文摘要: 本圖書計畫為國科會重點議題歷史學四大議題之一的「宗教文化史」二年期計畫,以 「亞洲宗教的現代化與後現代化」為主題,「華人社會宗教的現代化與後現化」為重心, 購置宗教專業圖書。執行期間自民國95年12月1日自97年11月30日止,總計畫經費8,712,000 元。第一年執行經費5,850,000元,計購置西、日文宗教圖書3669冊。第二年執行經費 2,862,000元,計購置西、日文宗教圖書1405冊。政治大學計畫配合款1,460,000元,計購 置746冊大陸與西日文宗教圖書,共計購置5820冊書。圖書類別以七個宗教面向購置:猶太 教、基督宗教、伊斯蘭教、印度教、佛教、道教、民間信仰的近代與現代宗教文化史相關 著作。此圖書典藏範圍涵蓋七大宗教自十九世紀至今,對現代化與後現代挑戰的回應,主 要範圍以亞洲地區與全球華人社會為主。亞洲宗教以其多元且豐富的特性,面臨深刻的現 代化與後現代化思潮,自然具備宗教研究與比較宗教研究的最佳視野。 配合本所當前計畫與教學研究發展,結合所上師資與研究生資源,系統性分工購置宗 教專業書籍,不僅將使政治大學成為全世界研究亞洲宗教現代化與後現代化的重鎮,國內 的九個大學宗教研究系所以及更多所各宗教成立的神學院、佛學院、道學院等,也都能因 本校藏書滿足其研究與教學之所需。 II 英文摘要: This two-year project of book acquisition is related to the subject of History of Religious Culture, one of the four target areas of History originally proposed by the National Science Council. The project is entitled “Asian Religions in Modernity and Post-modernity”. Although it lays more emphasis on Chinese religions, it has purchased books that cover not only Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese popular religions, but also Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. In Asia, these religions, under the strong impacts of globalization and post-modernity, have confronted the challenges and responded in various ways. They have become alluring objects for comparative research. The purpose of this book acquisition project, then, is to promote Taiwan to become one of the centers for the study of Asian and Chinese religions. The Graduate Institute of Religious Studies, under the concerted effort of its faculty and students, has systematically purchased the books described above. The result of this effort has produced two positive effects. One is that it has enhanced National Chengchi University to a more visible and important place for the study of Asian and Chinese religions. The other is that it has benefited students of religions departments and Christian, Taoist, and Buddhist seminaries in Taiwan where library resources are less than satisfactory. III 中英文關鍵字: 現代化(Modernity) 後現代化(Post-Modernity) 宗教多元主義(Religious Pluralism, within and among religions) 亞洲宗教(Asian Religions) 公共宗教(Public Religion) IV 目錄 一、前言..........................................................................................................................................1 二、計畫目的..................................................................................................................................1 三、執行方法..................................................................................................................................2 四、結果與討論..............................................................................................................................7 V 一、前言 此計畫之提出與執行有遠近兩項要因,加上執行單位之主觀條件。遠因是二00一年 伊斯蘭恐怖份子攻擊美國本土的九一一事件。近因則為舊的宗教理論已被否定,而新理論 之闡發可藉助台灣多宗教的特殊環境。主觀條件則是政治大學為國內諸多公立大學中唯一 設有宗教研究所者。九一一事件促成全世界於宗教研究之關注,盼能找出如何避免「文明 衝突」的方法。而此一問題的根源,乃是各主要宗教自十九世紀以來,面臨現代化與後現 代議題的衝擊之後所產生的回應。於西方以一神教為主要背景國家,其分析主要受制於神 學義理和特殊歷史經驗的影響。此以一九六0年代發展出之「世俗化理論」與「新世俗化 理論」(Berger 1967; Marty and Appleby 1991;1993a; 1993b; 1994; 1995; Norris and Inglehart 2004))為代表,預期各主要宗教將逐漸沒落。時至今日此一理論已被宗教學者和歷史發展事 實所否定,因為它無法充分解釋近二十年來在全世界各地興起的各宗教復興運動現象。雖 然舊的「世俗化」分析典範已被否定,但尚未能有一新的分析典範。申請人與政治大學的 研究團隊,在經過與歐、美、日、中國、以及國內的宗教研究者討論之後,多認為以台灣 為 中 心,研 究「亞洲宗教的現代化與後現代化」(The Modernization and Post-Modernization of Religions in Asian Societies),將有助於建立新的宗教研究典範,並依此提供具體的政策建 議,解決「文明衝突」的困境,以上是為近因。主觀條件是本所的近程跨國研究計畫特以 華人社會的各種宗教為研究重心,探討其神論、科儀、倫理論述在現代化和後現代化的轉 變,同時比較亞洲其他各宗教傳統的轉變。國際宗教學者間認為以台灣為研究中心,有其 獨特優勢。包括其宗教興盛與多元性,且多年來各宗教和平相處,已經累積豐富的實踐經 驗。加上上述已提及的西方宗教學者的限制。對比權衡之下,在台灣發展亞洲的比較宗教 研究,在可見的未來都將保持其獨特與領先的地位,而在當前台灣一個宗教所之中,政治 大學是唯一不以單一傳統為研究宗旨者,且有諸多相關科系可相互支援的學術特色,實為 其他大學所未及。妥當援用上述「宗教研究中心」與「宗教研究所」的學術視域與發展方 向,在豐沛的圖書資源強化之下,必能發揮跨學科合作之效用,更具體發揮政大長久累積 的學術特色。是以建構政大成為台灣的多元宗教研究中心。 二、計畫目的 「宗教研究」在台灣仍屬一新興、逐漸茁壯的學術領域,在國科會的學門架構下,已 從計畫提出時仍隸屬哲學學門,至今已在人文社會科學類下設有宗教研究學門。顯現隨著 晚近現代化、世界村、全球化與後現代局勢的急遽開展,宗教已扮演一個極其重要的角色, 而對於宗教的認知,亦是當前公民社會不可忽視的知識範疇,此相關概念和研究議題也逐 漸為台灣學界所接受。政治學者Samuel Huntington 十多年前所主張廿一世紀將是文明衝突 的世紀,911 事件後一語成讖,探索宗教和平的可能性已成為全世界主要國家的重要研究 之一。從台灣具體的處境觀察,近年來國家為發展經貿關係,拓展國際舞台,爭取國家生 存的機運,可謂全力已赴,倍極辛苦。但國人長久以來因限於各種因素,缺乏對世界其他 國家的歷史與文化的深刻了解,特別對有悠久宗教傳統的民族或政治與宗教不分的國家尤 然。因此,客觀的認識世界宗教,了解其特色、歷史、演變、現況等,進而與其溝通對話, 當是提昇國家形象,融入國際社會,開拓生存空間的重要途徑。另一方面,不少國際人士 紛紛來台了解本地文化與宗教,尤以最近國內宗教團體激增,各類宗教活動勃興,更是吸 1 引許多外國人士的興趣。加以近來海峽兩岸人民之間的交往頻繁,以宗教名義進行的活動 不勝枚舉,相信此類交往活動當會更趨繁複。這些關連於宗教的客觀環境之變化與影響, 越發顯示世界宗教研究的不可或缺,也提醒我們應該聚合國家財力,成立具有規模的世界 宗教研究中心之急迫性。大陸「中國社會科學院」以及各省社科院皆設有「宗教研究所」, 北京大學、復旦大學、南京大學、廣州中山大學、四川大學、武漢大學等「重點大學」也 設有宗教系,大陸政府並已挹注大量資金與人才,從事宗教的理論與現況研究,彼中即有 不少學者經常至台訪問。而香港中文大學所設之宗教系所,其教學內容和師資已在近年內 大幅擴展,其研究實力隱然有躍居兩岸三地之首的姿態。反觀國內設有宗教研究之大學或 機構,其人力、財力、圖書或其他規模,不逮遠甚。因此,透過補助台灣目前較具學術水 平的宗教研究單位,鼓勵和強化其科際整合活動,使宗教研究成為更具活力的「群體專業」 (community of academic disciplines)學科,將是突破目前宗教研究瓶頸的關鍵所在。政治 大學的「宗教研究中心」與「宗教研究所」,即是以此認知為前提,企圖為台灣的宗教研 究領域開拓一新局面,建立起世界水準的研究亞洲宗教與華人宗教的研究中心。此亦是本 申請計畫的目的和重要性所在。 三、執行方法 本計畫執行程序主要有兩大步驟,首先是宗教圖書典藏規劃委員,職司訂定購書目標 和執行方面,並於執行過程中針對相關問題提出修正方案,追踪計畫執行。其次為提出預 定書目,審閱並送交圖書館採編組執行。最後,討論與提交執行成果。 (一)、宗教圖書典藏規劃委員名單 本計畫組成有七人的「宗教圖書典藏規劃委員」,其中除圖書館館長的科技專業之外, 綜合所有委員之專長,範圍幾可涵蓋世界各大宗教,茲列表圖示如下: 職稱 姓名 最高學歷 專 長 開 課 名 稱 備註 宗教所專任 蔡彥仁 哈佛大學 比較宗教 世界宗教:歷史與 委員兼召集人 教授 宗教歷史學博士 宗教理論 主題 猶太教傳統 研究方法與實習指 基督教傳統 導(一) 研究方法與實習指 導(二) 宗教理論研討 猶太教專題 基督教專題 圖書館館長 劉吉軒 卡內基美隆大學 機器人學 / 資訊工程、人工智 委員 資科系 人工智慧 慧、生產自動化、 副教授 數位圖書 館、數位內容 代理系統技術 人工智慧 宗教所與 郭承天 美國芝加哥大學 宗教政治學 宗教與政治 委員 2 政治系 政治博士 政教關係理論 合聘教授 聖經與政治 宗教所與哲 林鎮國 美國天普大學 佛教哲學、 宗教詮釋學 委員 學系 宗教研究博士 跨文化宗教 唯識學專題 合聘教授 哲學、宗教 研究 宗教所與阿 林長寬 英國亞伯丁大學 伊斯蘭研 伊斯蘭教專題 委員 語系合聘副 伊斯蘭宗教研究 究、中東研 教授 博士 究、阿拉伯 研究 宗教所專任 蔡源林 天普大學 宗教對話、 伊斯蘭通論 委員 助理教授 宗教學博士 宗教與國際 宗教與族群融合 政治 宗教與後殖民理論 宗教所專任 黃柏棋 哈佛大學 比較宗教、 委員 助理教授 梵文與印度研究 宗教理論、 歷史與神話專題 博士 梵文與巴利 史詩與敘述 文文學、早 印度教專題 期印度宗教 印度宗教思想專題 史、印度宗 討論 教與社會 梵文(一)(二) (二)購書策略 1.主要方向: 本「宗教圖書典藏規劃委員」初步決議以美國加州柏克萊大學(UC Berkeley)之圖書館 館藏和編目為主要參照對象,藉此便利所有委員進行專門書籍之蒐羅。另外,為凸顯本校 宗教圖書的特色,亦考慮數量必須有所限制,「宗教圖書典藏規劃委員」決定先行以「亞 洲宗教的現代化與後現代化」為主題,其中又以華人社會的宗教為重心,購買猶太教、基 督宗教、伊斯蘭教、印度教、佛教、道教與民間信仰的相關著作,不過具有基礎性和關連 性的其他圖書,亦是優先購買之列。此其二。再者,所欲購買的書目必須與本校圖書館藏 書一一比對,確定無複本者方為薦購。其中第二項考慮,因是本申請計畫之主題,在此需 要進一步說明。 2、關於近代與現代宗教文化史的子議題,包括兩大時期共廿二個具體項目。亞洲宗教現代 化時期大致涵蓋十九世紀到1980 年左右,這一段時期所觸及到的主要子題有: (1) 基督教帝國主義(Christian Imperialism) (2) 現代民族主義(Modern Nationalism) (3) 殖民主義(Colonialism) (4) 國家建構(State-building) (5) 福特主義(Fordism) (6) 階級衝突(Class Conflict) (7) 科技(Science and Technology) 3 (8) 生存、附從與群體價值(Survival, Conformity and Collective Values) (9) 私人宗教(Private Religion) (10)神職人員治理(Clergy Governance) 亞洲宗教後現代化時期大致包括1980年左右至今,或是現代化時期的都會區所信仰的宗教。 這一段時期所處理的主要子題有: (11)宗教多元主義(Religious Pluralism, within and among religions) (12)後現代民族主義(Post-modern Nationalism) (13)全球資本主義(Global Capitalism) (14)民主化(Democratization) (15)女性主義(Feminism) (16)生態環境(Environmentalism) (17)同性戀(Homosexual) (18)家庭重構(Restructured Family, single parent, homosexual parent, few children, divorce) (19)網路(Internet) (20)個人主體性、選擇、表達之價值(Personal Autonomy, Choice, and Self-expression Values) (21)公共宗教(Public Religion) (22)神職人員—信眾共治(Clergy-Laity Co-governance) 本計畫所列書目是根據上述子題項目,由規劃委員依本身專長,加上參照柏克萊大學 之館藏,輔以其他大學和出版社的最新資訊,檢索相關書籍後組合而成。由於各宗教對於 現代化與後現代化議題的回應,皆是各宗教歷史上未曾有過,其回應本身即為創舉,深具 經典價值,尤其是各宗教受到全球化的影響,與其他宗教的接觸成為不可避免之趨勢, 今將重點置於於亞洲以及全球的華人社會,更具檢證與比較的效果。本計畫圖書購置之後, 將形成一特殊的宗教資料中心,不但可供本校宗教研究相關的師生使用,亦可滿足國內其 他宗教系、所,以及眾多各宗教機構所支持之神學院、佛學院、道學院等,對於近代與當 代比較宗教研究之需求,其效用之大當可預期。 3、為使所購圖書更符合申請主題,亦是考慮妥善運用補助資源,本計畫以二年時間,將今 所蒐羅之全部書籍分期購入,其進行階段大致如下: 第一年:著重宗教文化史的基礎著作,包含各世界宗教的歷史與傳統,以此建構與確立本 計畫主題的背景脈絡。 第二年(計畫經費部分):集中於亞洲宗教的現代化與後現代化議題,特別收集有關此領 域的理論著作。 第二年(校內計畫配合款部分):著重購買有關華人宗教與社會的著作,優先考慮購買觸 及本計畫所提的現代化與後現代化議題或比較研究的書籍。由於中國出版的宗教研究書 籍,價格雖然較便宜,然而變動較大,取得不易。因此這部分的購書,將經由政治大學圖 書館採購。其經費列入本計畫的政大配合款部分,而非國科會補助經費的部分。 3.結合相關研究、教學計畫: 本購書計畫案並非單一的圖書增添規劃,而是密切配合本所及本校目前與未來推動的 重點研究,其執行將與下列兩個大型研究與教學計畫同步進行: 1、今年(九十五年)本所即將向國科會與蔣經國基金會,提出三年的跨國整合型研究計畫, 議題即為「華人社會宗教的現代化與後現代化」。目前已與美國、日本、荷蘭、中國的宗 4 教研究中心聯繫,將共同執行此一研究計畫。本校的「宗教研究中心」已配合此一主題, 計畫邀請國內外的宗教學者,發表相關的論文演講,每學年約十二場,連續三年。目前已 執行兩年,且兩年均申請獲得政治大學研發處之補助。 2、本所將延續與擴大承接自教育部之「人文教育革新計畫」,繼剛完成之「宗教與多元社 會」學程的設立,正繼續與「宗教研究中心」廿三位教師共同規劃申請「宗教傳播與宗教 衝突」子計畫,豐富有關宗教現代化與後現代化之課程。目前本所提供之學程課程,深受 學生歡迎,七十至一百二十人註冊之課程,並不少見。本所於八十九年成立以來,相對於 國內其他九個宗教研究所與各宗教支持之神學院、佛學院、道學院等,獨特之處即在強調 「比較宗教」,其訓練目標為理論與實務並重,一方面培養宗教知識教育,另一方面亦提 供宗教組織實務的訓練。本所六位專任教師除了有佛教、基督教、伊斯蘭教、印度教之專 長以外,皆具有比較宗教之學術背景與專門著作。另有「宗教研究中心」廿三位教師, 參與本所教學與研究工作。本所未來三年計畫增聘五名教師,涵蓋道教、中國宗教、民間 信仰、佛教、與基督宗教之專長,且具比較宗教能力,並能以外文發表論文者。綜合言之, 目前本所與「宗教研究中心」的研究生培育方針、師資結構、以及未來的學術重點發展, 皆是申請人與其團隊多年來的共識與努力結果,已為本研究圖書計畫之能成功執行,提供 紮實的基礎。 4.實際執行情形: (1)動員人力與書單數量 本購書計畫執行二年,動員包括「宗教圖書典藏規劃委員」七位教授、博、碩士研究 生十多人,宗教研究所、中心助理,歷館員更動三人次,總動員人數可達三十人以上。購 入書籍包括以英、日文為主,以及部分法、德、義文書籍。第一年第一階段提出書目計4253 冊。後因受限國內代理公司專業不足,相關購書管道有限,後於第一年期間又補提第二階 段交1590冊各類書籍。第二年提交1990冊書籍,並通過校內計畫配合款補助,此部分提交 書目約321冊。總計提交書單有8154冊。 年度階段 提交數 第一年 第一階段 4253 冊 第一年 第二階段 1590 冊 第二年 1990 冊 第二年 校內計畫配合款 321 冊 合計 8154 冊 (2)專業分組 由於宗教書籍殊為專業,本計畫執行時將所有近三十人次的動員內容採專業分工的方 式,由規劃委員結合研究生分組提交書目,其分組計有七組,包括有宗教傳統之印度教、 佛教、中國宗教(包括道教、儒家、民間宗教)、猶太教、基督宗教、伊斯蘭教,計六組, 還有一般宗教,即包括各種宗教理論、宗教與文化,不以單一傳統為專的大論述。各組皆 參酌計畫訂定之策略,依其宗教專業分工搜尋採錄書目。 (3)多元書目資訊來源 雖然國內有各種代理外文書商,但於宗教領域之相關書籍卻極為生疏。此次計書主要 有賴團隊本身之宗教專業能力,結合各類輔助工具而成。使用之工具有電子資料庫與各類 5 搜尋引擎,加上相關領域的人名、主題、關鍵詞彙以及人際網絡徵詢而得。由於相關領域 人名、主題、關鍵詞彙、人際網絡徵詢等殊為龎雜,在此結案內容不予提出。僅列以電子 資料庫與各類搜尋引擎一項。 中文與日文圖書部份 全國圖書書目資訊網 http://www.credit.com.tw/newweb/book_web/index.htmNBInet OPEN 政府出版資料 回應網 http://nbinet1.ncl.edu.tw/screens/opac_menu.html
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