Bat Community Structure and Habitat Use Across Disturbance Regimes
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Bat Conservation 2021
Bat Conservation Global evidence for the effects of interventions 2021 Edition Anna Berthinussen, Olivia C. Richardson & John D. Altringham Conservation Evidence Series Synopses 2 © 2021 William J. Sutherland This document should be cited as: Berthinussen, A., Richardson O.C. and Altringham J.D. (2021) Bat Conservation: Global Evidence for the Effects of Interventions. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Cover image: Leucistic lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in a former water mill, Wales, UK. Credit: Thomas Kitching Digital material and resources associated with this synopsis are available at https://www.conservationevidence.com/ 3 Contents Advisory Board.................................................................................... 11 About the authors ............................................................................... 12 Acknowledgements ............................................................................. 13 1. About this book ........................................................... 14 1.1 The Conservation Evidence project ................................................................................. 14 1.2 The purpose of Conservation Evidence synopses ............................................................ 14 1.3 Who this synopsis is for ................................................................................................... 15 1.4 Background ..................................................................................................................... -
Scientific Statement on the Coverage of Bats by the Current Pesticide Risk
STATEMENT ADOPTED: 20 June 2019 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5758 Scientific statement on the coverage of bats by the current pesticide risk assessment for birds and mammals EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR), Antonio Hernandez-Jerez, Paulien Adriaanse, Annette Aldrich, Philippe Berny, Tamara Coja, Sabine Duquesne, Anne Louise Gimsing, Marinovich Marina, Maurice Millet, Olavi Pelkonen, Silvia Pieper, Aaldrik Tiktak, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Anneli Widenfalk, Gerrit Wolterink, Danilo Russo, Franz Streissl and Christopher Topping Abstract Bats are an important group of mammals, frequently foraging in farmland and potentially exposed to pesticides. This statement considers whether the current risk assessment performed for birds and ground dwelling mammals exposed to pesticides is also protective of bats. Three main issues were addressed. Firstly, whether bats are toxicologically more or less sensitive than the most sensitive birds and mammals. Secondly, whether oral exposure of bats to pesticides is greater or lower than in ground dwelling mammals and birds. Thirdly, whether there are other important exposure routes relevant to bats. A large variation in toxicological sensitivity and no relationship between sensitivity of bats and bird or mammal test-species to pesticides could be found. In addition, bats have unique traits, such as echolocation and torpor which can be adversely affected by exposure to pesticides and which are not covered by the endpoints currently selected for wild mammal risk assessment. The current exposure assessment methodology was used for oral exposure and adapted to bats using bat-specific parameters. For oral exposure, it was concluded that for most standard risk assessment scenarios the current approach did not cover exposure of bats to pesticide residues in food. -
Insights Into Australian Bat Lyssavirus in Insectivorous Bats of Western Australia
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Article Insights into Australian Bat Lyssavirus in Insectivorous Bats of Western Australia Diana Prada 1,*, Victoria Boyd 2, Michelle Baker 2, Bethany Jackson 1,† and Mark O’Dea 1,† 1 School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; [email protected] (B.J.); [email protected] (M.O.) 2 Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; [email protected] (V.B.); [email protected] (M.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-893607418 † These authors contributed equally. Received: 21 February 2019; Accepted: 7 March 2019; Published: 11 March 2019 Abstract: Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) is a known causative agent of neurological disease in bats, humans and horses. It has been isolated from four species of pteropid bats and a single microbat species (Saccolaimus flaviventris). To date, ABLV surveillance has primarily been passive, with active surveillance concentrating on eastern and northern Australian bat populations. As a result, there is scant regional ABLV information for large areas of the country. To better inform the local public health risks associated with human-bat interactions, this study describes the lyssavirus prevalence in microbat communities in the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. We used targeted real-time PCR assays to detect viral RNA shedding in 839 oral swabs representing 12 species of microbats, which were sampled over two consecutive summers spanning 2016–2018. Additionally, we tested 649 serum samples via Luminex® assay for reactivity to lyssavirus antigens. Active lyssavirus infection was not detected in any of the samples. -
ABSTRACT Keys from Other Parts of Australia Provide a Good Basis for Making Identifications in Many Cases
The current status of bats in Western Australia Kyle N. Armstrong Specialised Zoological; [email protected] Understanding of the distribution and ecology of some Western Australian bats has advanced considerably in the last ten years, while knowledge of others remains basic. The state has one species listed in the highest conservation level under state legislation (Rhinonicteris aurantia), and one population of this species is listed in a Threatened category under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Six other species are included on the Department of Environment and Conservation’s Priority Fauna Listing based on their known distribution and representation on conservation and threatened lands (Falsistrellus mackenziei, Hipposideros stenotis, Macroderma gigas, Mormopterus loriae cobourgiana, Nyctophilus major tor and Vespadelus douglasorum). These listings reflect mainly a lack of knowledge and perceived threat. Recent unpublished research on R. aurantia and M. gigas has provided much relevant information for assessing development proposals, mainly in the Pilbara where plans for iron and gold mines coincide Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/book/chapter-pdf/2647925/fs_2011_026.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 with their habitat. There are several unresolved taxonomic issues in the fauna, and when these are resolved, the tally for the state might increase by up to two species from a total of 37. The impact of logging, mining and other disturbances involving forest clearing in the south west is largely unknown, but the first studies have been completed recently. The status of cave occupancy of bats in south west caves was recently assessed, and only five caves have persistent bat colonies of significant size. -
Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats
Index of Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 9. Bats A agnella, Kerivoula 901 Anchieta’s Bat 814 aquilus, Glischropus 763 Aba Leaf-nosed Bat 247 aladdin, Pipistrellus pipistrellus 771 Anchieta’s Broad-faced Fruit Bat 94 aquilus, Platyrrhinus 567 Aba Roundleaf Bat 247 alascensis, Myotis lucifugus 927 Anchieta’s Pipistrelle 814 Arabian Barbastelle 861 abae, Hipposideros 247 alaschanicus, Hypsugo 810 anchietae, Plerotes 94 Arabian Horseshoe Bat 296 abae, Rhinolophus fumigatus 290 Alashanian Pipistrelle 810 ancricola, Myotis 957 Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat 164, 170, 176 abbotti, Myotis hasseltii 970 alba, Ectophylla 466, 480, 569 Andaman Horseshoe Bat 314 Arabian Pipistrelle 810 abditum, Megaderma spasma 191 albatus, Myopterus daubentonii 663 Andaman Intermediate Horseshoe Arabian Trident Bat 229 Abo Bat 725, 832 Alberico’s Broad-nosed Bat 565 Bat 321 Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat 229 Abo Butterfly Bat 725, 832 albericoi, Platyrrhinus 565 andamanensis, Rhinolophus 321 arabica, Asellia 229 abramus, Pipistrellus 777 albescens, Myotis 940 Andean Fruit Bat 547 arabicus, Hypsugo 810 abrasus, Cynomops 604, 640 albicollis, Megaerops 64 Andersen’s Bare-backed Fruit Bat 109 arabicus, Rousettus aegyptiacus 87 Abruzzi’s Wrinkle-lipped Bat 645 albipinnis, Taphozous longimanus 353 Andersen’s Flying Fox 158 arabium, Rhinopoma cystops 176 Abyssinian Horseshoe Bat 290 albiventer, Nyctimene 36, 118 Andersen’s Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arafura Large-footed Bat 969 Acerodon albiventris, Noctilio 405, 411 Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat 254 Arata Yellow-shouldered Bat 543 Sulawesi 134 albofuscus, Scotoecus 762 Andersen’s Little Fruit-eating Bat 578 Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Talaud 134 alboguttata, Glauconycteris 833 Andersen’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat 109 Bat 543 Acerodon 134 albus, Diclidurus 339, 367 Andersen’s Roundleaf Bat 254 aratathomasi, Sturnira 543 Acerodon mackloti (see A. -
Nest Boxes: Creating Homes for Urban Wildlife
Nest Boxes: Creating homes for urban wildlife Importance of Hollows Australia is home to over 350 species of land animals that depend on the hollows that form in old growth eucalyptus trees for shelter or reproduction. Hollows are formed through loss of limb, insect activity (like termites), decay and weathering. Suitable hollows taken a minimum of 80- 100 years and for larger animals it could be 150-250 years for a suitable hollow to form. Some of the many animals in Australia that rely on tree hollows include parrots, owls, kingfishers, ducks, possums, gliders, micro bats and even many reptiles, frogs and invertebrates. Within urban areas hollow bearing trees are found on public land (national parks, water ways, beach foreshore and streets) and on private land (front and back yards). Many hollow dependent species are in decline due to the widespread loss of hollow bearing trees. In urban areas hollows are removed for urban development (new houses, roads and factories) and for public safety reasons. Even if these trees are replanted, up to 100 years or more may pass before they begin to form hollows suitable for use by wildlife. If hollow dependent species are to continue to survive in urban and rural areas, urgent action is required to protect hollow bearing trees wherever possible. Nest boxes are needed in areas where hollows have already been lost. What are Nest Boxes? Nest boxes act as an artificial hollow that provide opportunities for hollow dependent fauna to survive in areas where their natural breeding habitat has been destroyed. Nest boxes are most useful in areas where hollows are lacking and other aspects of habitat are sufficient, such as food and water supply. -
ABLV Bat Stats June 2016
ABLV BAT STATS Australian Bat Lyssavirus Report - June 2016 Cases of ABLV infection - January to June 2016 Nine cases of Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) Table 1: ABLV infection in Australian bats as confirmed by infection were reported in bats in Australia between FAT, PCR, IHC and/or virus isolation^ January and June 2016, from Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria (Table 1). YEAR NSW NT QLD VIC WA SA Total Queensland 1995 0 0 1# 0 0 0 1 Two black flying-foxes (Pteropus alecto), two little red 1996 1 0 9 1 0 0 11 flying-foxes (P. scapulatus) and one spectacled flying-fox (P. conspicillatus) from Queensland were found to be 1997 7 1 27+ 0 0 0 35 infected with ABLV to June 2016. In three bats, behaviour 1998 1 0 26+ 0 0 0 27 changes and neurological signs were reported such as hanging low in a tree, agitation, being subdued and easy 1999 0 0 6 0 0 0 6 to handle, twitching, nystagmus, paresis and inability to hang. Increased respiratory rate and effort were 2000 1 0 14 0 0 0 15 additionally reported in one bat. One bat was submitted 2001 0 0 9 1 4 0 14 because a person was bitten when picking the bat up, and the other due to contact with a pet dog. 2002 4 0 10 2 1 0 17 Histopathological findings included mild to severe non- 2003 6 0 3 2 0 0 11 suppurative meningoencephalitis, ganglioneuritis, subacute aspiration pneumonia and mild sialoadenitis. In 2004 5 0 6 1 0 0 12 one bat the urinary bladder was markedly distended with 2005 6 0 5 0 0 0 11 urine and the bladder wall was haemorrhagic. -
The Evolution of Echolocation in Bats: a Comparative Approach
The evolution of echolocation in bats: a comparative approach Alanna Collen A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London. November 2012 Declaration Declaration I, Alanna Collen (née Maltby), confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, this is indicated in the thesis, and below: Chapter 1 This chapter is published in the Handbook of Mammalian Vocalisations (Maltby, Jones, & Jones) as a first authored book chapter with Gareth Jones and Kate Jones. Gareth Jones provided the research for the genetics section, and both Kate Jones and Gareth Jones providing comments and edits. Chapter 2 The raw echolocation call recordings in EchoBank were largely made and contributed by members of the ‘Echolocation Call Consortium’ (see full list in Chapter 2). The R code for the diversity maps was provided by Kamran Safi. Custom adjustments were made to the computer program SonoBat by developer Joe Szewczak, Humboldt State University, in order to select echolocation calls for measurement. Chapter 3 The supertree construction process was carried out using Perl scripts developed and provided by Olaf Bininda-Emonds, University of Oldenburg, and the supertree was run and dated by Olaf Bininda-Emonds. The source trees for the Pteropodidae were collected by Imperial College London MSc student Christina Ravinet. Chapter 4 Rob Freckleton, University of Sheffield, and Luke Harmon, University of Idaho, helped with R code implementation. 2 Declaration Chapter 5 Luke Harmon, University of Idaho, helped with R code implementation. Chapter 6 Joseph W. -
Metabolic Physiology of Euthermic and Torpid Lesser Long-Eared Bats, Nyctophilus Geoffroyi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1999 Metabolic physiology of euthermic and torpid lesser long-eared bats, nyctophilus geoffroyi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Hosken, D J ; Withers, P C Abstract: Thermal and metabolic physiology of the Australian lesser long-eared bat, Nyctophilias geo- jfroyi, a small (ca. 8 g) gleaning insectivore, was studied using flow-through respirometry. Basal metabolic rate of N. geojfroyi (1.42 ml O2 g−1 h−1) was 70% of that predicted for an 8-g mammal but fell within the range for vespertilionid bats. N. geoffroyi was thermally labile, like other vespertilionid bats from the temperate zone, with clear patterns of euthermy (body temperature >32°C) and torpor. It was torpid at temperatures 25°C, and spontaneously aroused from torpor at ambient temperatures 5°C. Torpor provided significant savings of energy and water, with substantially reduced rates of oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss. Minimum wet conductance (0.39 ml O2 g−1 h−1 °C−1) of euthermic bats was 108% of predicted, and euthermic dry conductance was 7.2 J g−1 h−1 °C−1 from 5-25°C. Minimum wet and dry conductances of bats that were torpid at an ambient temperature of 15-20°C (0.06 ml O2 g−1 h−1 °C−1 and 0.60 J g−1 h−1 °C−1) were substantially less than euthermic values, but conductance of some torpid bats increased at lower ambient temperatures and approached values for euthermic bats. -
Bats of the SA Murray Region
Community Bat Monitoring Program with the Mid Murray LAP The Mid Murray Local Action Planning Committee (Mid Murray LAP) BATS has been coordinating a Community Bat Monitoring Program since 2003. This program has been part of the 'Bats for Biodiversity' project initiated by the Mt Pleasant Natural Resource Centre and the Upper of South Australia's Murray Region Torrens Landcare Group. Over the years, many landholders have borrowed an Anabat detector to record the species they have on Bats are one of the largest groups of mammals: with approximately 1000 their properties. species, they make up nearly a quarter of the world's mammal species. There are around 90 species in Australia. Bats are unlike other small mammals in that they can live for a long time, at least 10 years, and are the only mammal that have the ability of sustainable flight. W S N Bats belong to the Order Chiroptera, which means Morgan hand-wing. Microchiroptera (microbats) and Harp nets Megachiroptera (megabats) are the two main groups (suborders). There are 16 species of microbats found Renmark in South Australia's Murray Region. Waikerie An Anabat detector is electronic equipment that Berri The South Australia's Murray Region is defined as the allows the passive monitoring of bats by detecting Blanchetown Catchment area of the Murray River from the South and recording their ultrasonic echolocation calls. Australian border to the Murray Mouth. The echolocation calls of bats are unique to each Loxton species and can be used to identify the bats. All of the bat species in South Australia's Murray Valley are insectivorous, with the exception of the The Mid Murray LAP's Community Bat Monitoring endangered Myotis macropus that also catches fish program includes the Anabat detectors being used with its large hind feet. -
A Review of Existing Ecological Information for the Proposed Geographe Bay-Capes-Hardy Inlet Marine Conservation Reserve
MARINE RESERVE IMPLEMENTATION: CENTRAL FOREST A REVIEW OF EXISTING ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION FOR THE PROPOSED GEOGRAPHE BAY-CAPES-HARDY INLET MARINE CONSERVATION RESERVE Literature Review: MRI/CF/GBC-19/1999 Prepared by S V Elscot & K P Bancroft December 1998 Marine Conservation Branch Department of Conservation and Land Management 47 Henry Street Fremantle, Western Australia, 6160 Marine Conservation Branch CALM MARINE RESERVES IMPLEMENTATION: CENTRAL FOREST A REVIEW OF EXISTING ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION FOR THE PROPOSED GEOGRAPHE BAY-CAPES-HARDY INLET MARINE CONSERVATION RESERVE Literature Review: MRI/CF/GBC-19/1999 A collaborative project between CALM’s Marine Conservation Branch and South West Capes District Office A project funded through the Natural Heritage Trust’s Coast and Clean Seas Marine Protected Area Program Project No: WA9703 Prepared by S V Elscot & K P Bancroft Marine Conservation Branch December 1998 Marine Conservation Branch Department of Conservation and Land Management 47 Henry St Fremantle, Western Australia, 6160 T:\REPORTS\MRI\mri_1999\mri_1999.doc 10:14 18/12/99 Marine Conservation Branch CALM T:\REPORTS\MRI\mri_1999\mri_1999.doc 10:14 18/12/99 Marine Conservation Branch CALM ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks are due to many people who provided information: Dr Nick Gales, Doug Coughran and Dr Bob Prince of CALM Wildlife; Assoc. Prof. Di Walker and Dr Charitha Pattiaratchi of University of WA; Prof. Ron Wooller, Murdoch University; Geordie Chaplin, CSIRO; Justine Boouw and Rob Conneelley of Margaret River Surfriders; Robin Juniper, Cape to Cape Alliance; Jacq Willbond, Naturaliste Charters; Ross Payhen, RAOU Seabird Observer; David Deeley, Acacia Springs Environmental; Margaret Scott, Bunnings Water Care Coordinator; Andew Webb and Greg Voight of CALM South West Capes Office; Lisa Wright, Librarian Calm Woodvale, and; lastly to Dr Jeremy Colman, Woodside, for reviewing drafts of the manuscript. -
Review of Australian Greater Long-Eared Bats Previously Known As Nyctophilus Timoriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Some Associated Taxa H
A taxonomic review of Australian Greater Long-eared Bats previously known as Nyctophilus timoriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and some associated taxa H. E. Parnaby Hon. Research Associate, Mammal Section, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia. Email: [email protected]; and Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, PO Box 1967, Hurstville NSW 2220, Australia; and formerly BEES, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052. A comparative morphological and morphometric assessment was undertaken of material from mainland Australia, Tasmania and Papua New Guinea that has previously been referred to as the Greater Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus timoriensis (Geoffroy, 1806). Five taxa are recognised: N. major Gray, 1844 from south-western Western Australia; N. major tor subsp. nov. from southern Western Australia east to the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia; N. corbeni sp. nov. from eastern mainland Australia from eastern South Australia, through Victoria to Queensland; N. sherrini Thomas, 1915 from Tasmania, and N. shirleyae sp. nov. from Mt Missim, Papua New Guinea. Vespertilio timoriensis Geoffroy is regarded as nomen dubium due to uncertainty surrounding provenance of the original specimen(s), the lack of a definite type specimen, and lack of sufficient detail in the original description and illustration to relate the name to a singular, currently recognised species. This review required a consideration of two taxa not usually associated with timoriensis: bifax Thomas, 1915 from eastern Australia and New Guinea, and daedalus Thomas, 1915, previously treated as the western subspecies of bifax, occurring from western Queensland, the northern part of the Northern Territory, and northern Western Australia.