DOCSLIB.ORG

Information to Users

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in ^pewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and ürq>roper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright materW had to be removed, a note wiH indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the origiiml, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from lefr to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of die book. Photogra|}hs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographicaUy in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations ^ipearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bel! & Howell Information Company 300 North 2 e e b Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 CUMULATIVE SLAVICITŸ; CULTURAL INTERACTION AND LANGUAGE REPLACEMENT IN THE NORTH BALKANS DURING THE SLAVIC MIGRATION PERIOD, AD 500-900 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Petar Milich, BA, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1995 Dissertation Committee; Approved by Timothy E. Gregory Eve Levin AdWseW Jack M. Balcer Department oWstory DMI Number; 9526063 DMI Microform 9526063 Copyright 1995, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 To fly Parents 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I Express appreciation to Dr. Timothy E. Gregory for his guidance and insight throughout the research. Sincere thanks go to the other members of my advisory committee, Drs. Eve Levin Jack M. Balcer, and James Harf for their suggestions and comments. Gratitude is expressed to Dr. Predrag Matejic for his helpful insights. To my wife, Michele, I offer sincere thanks for her patience, support, and willingness to endure with me through many arduous days. To my sister Lillian, whose technical expertise in document formatting was indispensable to me. Ill VITA December 12,1958 ......... .................. Bom - St. Louis, Missouri 1983 ...................................................... B.A., St. Louis University 1984-Present ................................... Graduate Student, Department of History, The Ohio State University 1988-89 ............................................ Dumbarton Oaks Prize Fellow; Byzantine Institute, Belgrade, Yugoslavia 1990 .................................................... Fulbright Fellow (award declined) 1991 .................................................... Dumbarton Oaks Bulgarian Exchange Fellow PUBLICATIONS “Hilandar Serbian Church Slavonic Chrysoboull *139/141 as Evidence for Byzantine-Serbian Cultural Interaction.” Presented before the Fourteenth Annual Byzantine Studies Conference in Houston, Texas, 12 November 1989 IV FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: History Studies in Roman and Byzantine history and archaeology (Dr. Timothy E. Gregory) Studies in Medieval Bulgarian, Serbian, and Romanian history (Dr. Eve Levin) Studies in Byzantine, Bulgarian, and Serbian diplomatics and sigillography (Dr. Mateja Matejic, Dr. Predrag Matejic, Dr. Mirjana 2ivojinovic) TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ............. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................iü VITA .................................................................................................................iv CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1 Geography and C ulture ............................................ 11 II. WHO WERE THE SLAVS ? .................................................... 27 Traditional Interpretations of the Ethnogenesis of the Slavs ...................................... 28 The Dynamics of Slav Ethnogenesis ..................... 31 Pritsak and the Altaic School ............................... 38 Sklavenol Organization.......................................... 45 Proto-Slavic Sub-Culture .................................... 48 111. LAND-TAKING REVISITED ................................................. 70 Twilight on the Danube ........................................... 76 Avars in the Balkans............................................... 94 Slavic Settlements South of the Danube 98 Imperial Recovery ................................................... 108 VI IV. URBAN CONTINUITY/DISCONTINUITY AND THE SLAVS 131 V. LOCI OF INTERACTION.............................................. 158 Singidunum................................................................ i61 The Danubisn Limes ................................................ 176 Dardania, Prevail tana, Epiros Nova ........................ 187 VI. CONTACT SITUATIONS: DACIA, ILLYRICUM ORIENTALIS AND SCYTHIA MINOR.................................................................... 203 D acia........ ................................................................ 203 Suchava........................................................................ 209 Sarata Monteoru....................................................... 212 lpote§ti-Kinde§t1-Ciureli Cultural Complex 214 lllyrlcum; Nova Cherna............................................... 216 Dzhedzhovi Lozia (Popina) ......................................... 218 Abritos ...................................................................... 223 Scythia Minor ..............................................................227 VII. CONCLUSION..................................................... 240 LIST OF REFERENCES................ ................................................................ 257 vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The 1990s ere witness to a global migration, the magnitude of which evokes comparison with the barbarian invasions of Europe during late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. The difference between the two Is a matter of proportion, for this time, virtually every comer of the globe Is effected by a phenomenon which we might loosely call the new-age Volkewanderung. I realize, of course, that this particular term traditionally applies to the migration of various Germanic folk In Europe from the second to the sixth century AD; yet I have deliberately invoked it in order to establish a parallel between today's global migrations, and those of the Slavic migration period In the Balkans.i The Drang nach Osten Is a classic example of so-called constrained population displacement, a term which I have borrowed from the lexicon of processual archaeology. Some Balkan historians would have us believe that constrained population displacement, which is a recurrent theme in the annals of Balkan history, is responsible for all attested cases of population movements. Indeed, Balkan history is fraught with compelling tales of ethnic communities forced to leave their "ancestral homelands" in the wake of advancing invaders. For example, in this century alone, the Balkans has been the epi-center of several devastating wars that did indeed alter the ethnic complexion of Kosovo and of Western Macedonia. 1 2 Some Medieval Balkan historians have adhered to the notion that the "Slavic invasions" of the first millennium AD constituted a prime example of "ethnic cleansing." The Balkan peninsula became a non-urban society during the Slavic migration period. Many scholars have viewed this transformation as the result of invasion by people who brought with them a lower range of material culture. Moreover, these invasions purportedly originated in some hypothetical Urheimat. Past scholars have spoken of elite dominance or constrained population displacement paradigms, according to which, the appearance of new forms of material culture is indicative of wholesale demographic change. Previous scholarship has held that the Slavic invasions and subsequent land-taking (Landnahme) resulted in the Slavicization of much of the Balkans. However, the Slavicization of the Balkans did not result just from the single phenomenon of invasions. Indeed, the nature and extent of the Slavic "invasions" has been exaggerated. Instead, the Slavicization phenomenon can be better explained by complex socio-linguistic processes which have left their traces in documentary, archaeological, and linguistic evidence. The diffusion of so-called "immigrant farmer" material culture that will be discussed in this study could be achieved through population movement or various diffusionary processes. It is not the purpose of this study to demonstrate the arrival of new populations in the archaeological record. On this contentious issue enough has been said by previous scholarship. Rather, the focus of this study is on the transformation of Balkan culture through a variety of diffusionary mechanisms that do not involve long-distance migration and wholesale ethnic turnover (although
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Between West and East People of the Globular Amphora Culture in Eastern Europe: 2950-2350 Bc
    BETWEEN WEST AND EAST PEOPLE OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE: 2950-2350 BC Marzena Szmyt V O L U M E 8 • 2010 BALTIC-PONTIC STUDIES 61-809 Poznań (Poland) Św. Marcin 78 Tel. (061) 8536709 ext. 147, Fax (061) 8533373 EDITOR Aleksander Kośko EDITORIAL COMMITEE Sophia S. Berezanskaya (Kiev), Aleksandra Cofta-Broniewska (Poznań), Mikhail Charniauski (Minsk), Lucyna Domańska (Łódź), Viktor I. Klochko (Kiev), Jan Machnik (Kraków), Valentin V. Otroshchenko (Kiev), Petro Tolochko (Kiev) SECRETARY Marzena Szmyt Second Edition ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF EASTERN STUDIES INSTITUTE OF PREHISTORY Poznań 2010 ISBN 83-86094-07-9 (print:1999) ISBN 978-83-86094-15-8 (CD-ROM) ISSN 1231-0344 BETWEEN WEST AND EAST PEOPLE OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE: 2950-2350 BC Marzena Szmyt Translated by John Comber and Piotr T. Żebrowski V O L U M E 8 • 2010 c Copyright by B-PS and Author All rights reserved Cover Design: Eugeniusz Skorwider Linguistic consultation: John Comber Prepared in Poland Computer typeset by PSO Sp. z o.o. w Poznaniu CONTENTS Editor’s Foreword5 Introduction7 I SPACE. Settlement of the Globular Amphora Culture on the Territory of Eastern Europe 16 I.1 Classification of sources . 16 I.2 Characteristics of complexes of Globular Amphora culture traits . 18 I.2.1 Complexes of class I . 18 I.2.2 Complexes of class II . 34 I.3 Range of complexes of Globular Amphora culture traits . 36 I.4 Spatial distinction between complexes of Globular Amphora culture traits. The eastern group and its indicators . 42 I.5 Spatial relations of the eastern and centralGlobular Amphora culture groups .
    [Show full text]
  • 275 1. Medieval Bosnian State the Very First Inhabitants of the Bosnia
    KURT 3EHAJI 3 Suad - State-legal vertical Bosnia and Herzegovina STATE -LEGAL VERTICAL BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Assistant Professor Ph. D. Suad KURT 3EHAJI 3 The University of Political Sciences in Sarajevo Summary Bosnia and Herzegovina has millennial existence. Bosnia was first mentioned in second half of the tenth century in the work of the Byzantine emperor and writer Constantin Porfirogenet „De administrando imperio“. The Charter of Kulin Ban as of 29 August 1189 is undisputed evidence that Bosnia was an independent State. During the domination of Tvrtko I Kotromanic in 1377, Bosnia was transformed into the kingdom and became the most powerful country in the Balkans. During 1463 Bosnia was ruled by the Ottoman Empire but retained certain features of political identification, first as the Bosnian province since 1580, and afterwards as the Bosnian Vilayet since 1965. After Austro-Hungarian having arrived, Bosnia became Corpus separatum. In the Kingdom of SHS, borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina complied with the internal regionalization of the country until 1929. During the Second World War, at the First Assembly of ZAVNOBiH in Mrkonjic Grad on 25th November 1943, Bosnian sovereignty within the Yugoslav Federation was renewed. After the Yugoslav crisis, which culminated in 1991 and 1992, Yugoslavia is in dissolution and peoples and citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the referendum on 29 February and 1 March 1992 voted for independence. The protagonists of greater Serbs policy could not accept such solution for Bosnia and Herzegovina and that was followed by aggression, which, after three and a half years ended by painful compromises contained in the Dayton Peace Agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • The South Slav Policies of the Habsburg Monarchy
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School January 2012 Nationalitaetenrecht: The outhS Slav Policies of the Habsburg Monarchy Sean Krummerich University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Ethnic Studies Commons, and the European History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Krummerich, Sean, "Nationalitaetenrecht: The outhS Slav Policies of the Habsburg Monarchy" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4111 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nationalitätenrecht: The South Slav Policies of the Habsburg Monarchy by Sean Krummerich A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History College of Arts & Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor, Graydon A. Tunstall, Ph.D. Kees Botterbloem, Ph.D. Giovanna Benadusi, Ph.D. Date of Approval: July 6, 2012 Keywords – Austria, Hungary, Serb, Croat, Slovene Copyright © 2012, Sean Krummerich Dedication For all that they have done to inspire me to new heights, I dedicate this work to my wife Amanda, and my son, John Michael. Acknowledgments This study would not have been possible without the guidance and support of a number of people. My thanks go to Graydon Tunstall and Kees Boterbloem, for their assistance in locating sources, and for their helpful feedback which served to strengthen this paper immensely.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Empire of Iran by Michael R.J
    The Last Empire of Iran By Michael R.J. Bonner In 330 BCE, Alexander the Great destroyed the Persian imperial capital at Persepolis. This was the end of the world’s first great international empire. The ancient imperial traditions of the Near East had culminated in the rule of the Persian king Cyrus the Great. He and his successors united nearly all the civilised people of western Eurasia into a single state stretching, at its height, from Egypt to India. This state perished in the flames of Persepolis, but the dream of world empire never died. The Macedonian conquerors were gradually overthrown and replaced by a loose assemblage of Iranian kingdoms. The so-called Parthian Empire was a decentralised and disorderly state, but it bound together much of the sedentary Near East for about 500 years. When this empire fell in its turn, Iran got a new leader and new empire with a vengeance. The third and last pre-Islamic Iranian empire was ruled by the Sasanian dynasty from the 220s to 651 CE. Map of the Sasanian Empire. Silver coin of Ardashir I, struck at the Hamadan mint. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Silver_coin_of_Ardashir_I,_struck_at_the_Hamadan _mint.jpg) The Last Empire of Iran. This period was arguably the heyday of ancient Iran – a time when Iranian military power nearly conquered the eastern Roman Empire, and when Persian culture reached its apogee before the coming of Islam. The founder of the Sasamian dynasty was Ardashir I who claimed descent from a mysterious ancestor called Sasan. Ardashir was the governor of Fars, a province in southern Iran, in the twilight days of the Parthian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty, Charity and the Papacy in The
    TRICLINIUM PAUPERUM: POVERTY, CHARITY AND THE PAPACY IN THE TIME OF GREGORY THE GREAT AN ABSTRACT SUBMITTED ON THE FIFTEENTH DAY OF MARCH, 2013 TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS OF TULANE UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY ___________________________ Miles Doleac APPROVED: ________________________ Dennis P. Kehoe, Ph.D. Co-Director ________________________ F. Thomas Luongo, Ph.D. Co-Director ________________________ Thomas D. Frazel, Ph.D AN ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of Gregory I (r. 590-604 CE) in developing permanent ecclesiastical institutions under the authority of the Bishop of Rome to feed and serve the poor and the socio-political world in which he did so. Gregory’s work was part culmination of pre-existing practice, part innovation. I contend that Gregory transformed fading, ancient institutions and ideas—the Imperial annona, the monastic soup kitchen-hospice or xenodochium, Christianity’s “collection for the saints,” Christian caritas more generally and Greco-Roman euergetism—into something distinctly ecclesiastical, indeed “papal.” Although Gregory has long been closely associated with charity, few have attempted to unpack in any systematic way what Gregorian charity might have looked like in practical application and what impact it had on the Roman Church and the Roman people. I believe that we can see the contours of Gregory’s initiatives at work and, at least, the faint framework of an organized system of ecclesiastical charity that would emerge in clearer relief in the eighth and ninth centuries under Hadrian I (r. 772-795) and Leo III (r.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86543-2 - Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian Peter Sarris Excerpt More information Introduction In the year 565, in the imperial capital of Constantinople, the Emperor Justinian died, bringing to a close a reign that had lasted some forty-eight years. In death, as in life, Justinian left a deep impression on those around him. The Latin court poet Corippus declared that ‘the awesome death of the man showed by clear signs that he had conquered the world. He alone, amidst universal lamentations, seemed to rejoice in his pious coun- tenance.’1 The memory of Justinian was to loom large in the minds of subsequent generations of emperors, just as the physical monuments built in Constantinople during his reign were long to dominate the medieval city.2 The emperor had reformed the civil law of the empire, overhauled its administrative structures, and restored imperial rule to Africa, Italy, and part of Spain; he had engaged in long drawn-out warfare with the prestige enemy of Sasanian Persia and attempted to restore peace to the increasingly fissile imperial Church. In short, through his military exertions, Justinian had done much to restore the Roman Empire to a position of military and ideological dominance in the lands bordering the central and western Mediterranean, whilst at home he had sought to bolster the legal, admin- istrative, and religious authority of the imperial office.3 This attempted restoration of imperial fortunes had been accompanied by a concerted effort to propagandise on behalf of the emperor and his policies.
    [Show full text]
  • ŚREDNIOWIECZE Polskie I Powszechne
    ŚREDNIOWIECZE Polskie i Powszechne Tom 9 (13) ŚREDNIOWIECZEŚREDNIOWIECZE PolskiePolskie i Powszechne Tom 9 (13) pod redakcją Jerzego Sperki i Bożeny Czwojdrak Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Katowice 2017 Redaktor serii: Historia Sylwester Fertacz Recenzenci dr hab. Janusz Grabowski (Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie) prof. dr hab. Tomasz Jurek (Polska Akademia Nauk, Oddział w Poznaniu) prof. dr hab. Beata Możejko (Uniwersytet Gdański) dr Łukasz Neubauer (Politechnika Koszalińska) dr hab. Andrzej Pleszczyński, prof. UMCS (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej) dr hab. Sobiesław Szybkowski, prof. UG (Uniwersytet Gdański) dr Marek L. Wójcik (Uniwersytet Wrocławski) dr hab. Paweł Żmudzki (Uniwersytet Warszawski) Rada Naukowa Jerzy Sperka Idzi Panic Bożena Czwojdrak Jakub Morawiec Sobiesław Szybkowski Stanisław Sroka Leontij Wojtowycz Marek L. Wójcik Janusz Grabowski Joanna Sobiesiak Katarzyna Niemczyk Sekretarz Redakcji Iwona Pietrzyk Kodeks Postępowania Etycznego w naszym czasopiśmie oparty jest na standardach Comittee on Pub- lication Ethics (COPE). Szczegółowe informacje dostępne są na stronie: http://historia.us.edu.pl/index. php?pokaz=showart&id=91 Code of Ethic Practices in our journal is based on standards Comittee on Publication Ethics (COPE). For more information look: http://historia.us.edu.pl/index.php?pokaz=showart&id=91 Publikacja jest dostępna w wersji internetowej: Baza Czasopism Humanistycznych i Społecznych www.bazhum.pl Central and Eastern European Online Library www.ceeol.com TreśćTreść Wykaz skrótów instytucji,
    [Show full text]
  • Genetics of the Peloponnesean Populations and the Theory of Extinction of the Medieval Peloponnesean Greeks
    European Journal of Human Genetics (2017) 25, 637–645 Official journal of The European Society of Human Genetics www.nature.com/ejhg ARTICLE Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks George Stamatoyannopoulos*,1, Aritra Bose2, Athanasios Teodosiadis3, Fotis Tsetsos2, Anna Plantinga4, Nikoletta Psatha5, Nikos Zogas6, Evangelia Yannaki6, Pierre Zalloua7, Kenneth K Kidd8, Brian L Browning4,9, John Stamatoyannopoulos3,10, Peristera Paschou11 and Petros Drineas2 Peloponnese has been one of the cradles of the Classical European civilization and an important contributor to the ancient European history. It has also been the subject of a controversy about the ancestry of its population. In a theory hotly debated by scholars for over 170 years, the German historian Jacob Philipp Fallmerayer proposed that the medieval Peloponneseans were totally extinguished by Slavic and Avar invaders and replaced by Slavic settlers during the 6th century CE. Here we use 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate the genetic structure of Peloponnesean populations in a sample of 241 individuals originating from all districts of the peninsula and to examine predictions of the theory of replacement of the medieval Peloponneseans by Slavs. We find considerable heterogeneity of Peloponnesean populations exemplified by genetically distinct subpopulations and by gene flow gradients within Peloponnese. By principal component analysis (PCA) and ADMIXTURE analysis the Peloponneseans are clearly distinguishable from the populations of the Slavic homeland and are very similar to Sicilians and Italians. Using a novel method of quantitative analysis of ADMIXTURE output we find that the Slavic ancestry of Peloponnesean subpopulations ranges from 0.2 to 14.4%.
    [Show full text]
  • Rank Orders of Mammalian Pathogenicity-Related PB2
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Rank orders of mammalian pathogenicity-related PB2 mutations of avian infuenza A viruses Chung-Young Lee1, Se-Hee An1, Jun-Gu Choi 4, Youn-Jeong Lee4, Jae-Hong Kim1,3 & Hyuk-Joon Kwon2,3,5* The PB2 gene is one of the key determinants for the mammalian adaptation of avian infuenza A viruses (IAVs). Although mammalian pathogenicity-related mutations (MPMs) in PB2 genes were identifed in diferent genetic backgrounds of avian IAVs, the relative efects of single or multiple mutations on viral ftness could not be directly compared. Furthermore, their mutational steps during mammalian adaptation had been unclear. In this study, we collectively compared the efects of individual and combined MPMs on viral ftness and determined their rank orders using a prototypic PB2 gene. Early acquired mutations may determine the function and potency of subsequent mutations and be important for recruiting multiple, competent combinations of MPMs. Higher mammalian pathogenicity was acquired with the greater accumulation of MPMs. Thus, the rank orders and the prototypic PB2 gene may be useful for predicting the present and future risks of PB2 genes of avian and mammalian IAVs. Waterfowl are reservoirs for infuenza A viruses (IAVs), and close interaction between waterfowl and other ani- mals causes occasional cross species transmission to result in successful settle-down by acquiring host adaptive mutations in their eight segmented genomes (PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP, NA, M, and NS)1. In particular, the PB2 protein, which is involved in cap snatching of the host mRNA, has been regarded as one of the key molecules to overcome species-specifc host barriers2–4.
    [Show full text]
  • Germania TEG1 8/2/2004 2:52 PM Page 16 TEG1 8/2/2004 2:52 PM Page 17
    TEG1 8/2/2004 2:52 PM Page 15 Part I Germania TEG1 8/2/2004 2:52 PM Page 16 TEG1 8/2/2004 2:52 PM Page 17 1 Land and People The Land The heartland of the immense area of northern Europe occupied by the early Germanic peoples was the great expanse of lowland which extends from the Netherlands to western Russia. There are no heights here over 300 metres and most of the land rises no higher than 100 metres. But there is considerable variety in relief and soil conditions. Several areas, like the Lüneburg Heath and the hills of Schleswig-Holstein, are diverse in both relief and landscape. There was until recent times a good deal of marshy ground in the northern parts of the great plain, and a broad belt of coastal marshland girds it on its northern flank. Several major rivers drain the plain, the Ems, Weser and Elbe flowing into the North Sea, the Oder and the Vistula into the Baltic. Their broad valleys offered attrac- tive areas for early settlement, as well as corridors of communication from south to north. The surface deposits on the lowland largely result from successive periods of glaciation. A major influence on relief are the ground moraines, comprising a stiff boulder clay which produces gently undu- lating plains or a terrain of small, steep-sided hills and hollows, the latter often containing small lakes and marshes, as in the area around Berlin. Other features of the relief are the hills left behind by terminal glacial moraines, the sinuous lakes which are the remains of melt-water, and the embayments created by the sea intruding behind a moraine.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion: Two Case Studies
    THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS by Hüsamettin ŞİMŞİR Submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Sabancı University June 2018 © Hüsamettin Şimşir 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE ARSENITE SCHISM AND THE BABAI REBELLION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS Hüsamettin Şimşir M.A Thesis, June 2018 Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Fac. Member Ferenc Péter Csirkés This thesis aims to present an analysis of the interaction between Christians and Muslims in the west of Asia Minor at the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th centuries after two religious-social movements in the Byzantine and the Rum Seljuk Empires, the Arsenite Schism and the Babai Rebellion. After the unsuccessful rebellion of the Babais, antinomian dervishes who had migrated to the west of Asia Minor because of a heavy oppression as well as inquisition by the state and had a different religious belief apart from the mainstream religious understanding of the center initiated missionary activities in the regions along the Byzantine border. Accordingly, these dervishes had joined the military activities of the Turcoman chieftains against the Byzantines and interacted with the local Christian population and religious figures. As a result of this religious interaction, messianic and ascetic beliefs were increasingly present among the Greek-speaking population as well as spiritual leaders of western Anatolia. Since such interfaith and cross- cultural interaction had a considerable impact on the course of all these events, this thesis focuses on them to create a better understanding of the appearance of the Hesychasm in the Byzantine spiritual environment in the later period.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shared Lexicon of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic
    THE SHARED LEXICON OF BALTIC, SLAVIC AND GERMANIC VINCENT F. VAN DER HEIJDEN ******** Thesis for the Master Comparative Indo-European Linguistics under supervision of prof.dr. A.M. Lubotsky Universiteit Leiden, 2018 Table of contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Background topics 3 2.1. Non-lexical similarities between Baltic, Slavic and Germanic 3 2.2. The Prehistory of Balto-Slavic and Germanic 3 2.2.1. Northwestern Indo-European 3 2.2.2. The Origins of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic 4 2.3. Possible substrates in Balto-Slavic and Germanic 6 2.3.1. Hunter-gatherer languages 6 2.3.2. Neolithic languages 7 2.3.3. The Corded Ware culture 7 2.3.4. Temematic 7 2.3.5. Uralic 9 2.4. Recapitulation 9 3. The shared lexicon of Baltic, Slavic and Germanic 11 3.1. Forms that belong to the shared lexicon 11 3.1.1. Baltic-Slavic-Germanic forms 11 3.1.2. Baltic-Germanic forms 19 3.1.3. Slavic-Germanic forms 24 3.2. Forms that do not belong to the shared lexicon 27 3.2.1. Indo-European forms 27 3.2.2. Forms restricted to Europe 32 3.2.3. Possible Germanic borrowings into Baltic and Slavic 40 3.2.4. Uncertain forms and invalid comparisons 42 4. Analysis 48 4.1. Morphology of the forms 49 4.2. Semantics of the forms 49 4.2.1. Natural terms 49 4.2.2. Cultural terms 50 4.3. Origin of the forms 52 5. Conclusion 54 Abbreviations 56 Bibliography 57 1 1.
    [Show full text]