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MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1 Circulation and Ecosystems in The MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1 Circulation and Ecosystems in the Subpolar and Polar North Atlantic Cruise No. 2 May 23 to September 16, 2006 Lisbon – Tórshavn – Longyearbyen – Longyearbyen – Reykjavik Pascal Lherminier, Jens Meincke, André Freiwald, Ursula Schauer Editorial Assistance: Sonja-B. Löffler Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven Leitstelle METEOR/MERIAN Institut für Meereskunde der Universität Hamburg 2009 The MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte are published at irregular intervals. They are working papers for people who are occupied with the respective expedition and are intended as reports for the funding institutions. The opinions expressed in the MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte are only those of the authors. The reports can be obtained from: Universität Hamburg Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung Institut für Meereskunde Leitstelle METEOR/MERIAN Bundesstr. 53 20146 Hamburg Germany The reports are available in PDF format from http://www.dfg-ozean.de/. The MARIA S. MERIAN expeditions are funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung. Addresses of the editors: Dr. Pascale Lherminier Phone: (33) 2 98 22 43 62 Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans Fax: (33) 2 98 22 44 96 IFREMER centre de Brest E-Mail: [email protected] BP 70, 29280 Plouzane, France Prof. Dr. Jens Meincke Phone: +49 (0) 40 / 42838 5985 Universität Hamburg Fax: +49 (0) 40 / 42838 7477 Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung E-Mail: [email protected] Institut für Meereskunde Bundesstr. 53 D-20146 Hamburg, Germany Prof. Dr. André Freiwald Phone: +49 (0) 9131 / 85 26959 GeoZentrum Nordbayern Fax: +49 (0) 9131 / 85 22690 Universität Erlangen E-Mail: [email protected] Loewenichstr. 28 D-91054 Erlangen, Germany Dr. Ursula Schauer Phone: +49 (0) 471 / 4831 1817 Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut Fax: +49 (0) 471 / 4831 1797 für Polar- und Meeresforschung E-Mail: [email protected] Bussestraße 24 D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany Citations: Lherminier P, Meincke J, Freiwald A, Schauer U (2009) (Eds) Circulation and Ecosystems in the Subpolar and Polar North Atlantic, Cruise No. 2, May 23 - September 16, 2006. MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, 174 pp, Universität Hamburg. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ISSN 1868-8543 MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1 Circulation and Ecosystems in the Subpolar and Polar North Atlantic Cruise No. 2 May 23 to September 16, 2006 Lisbon – Tórshavn – Longyearbyen – Longyearbyen – Reykjavik Pascal Lherminier, Jens Meincke, André Freiwald, Ursula Schauer Editorial Assistance: Sonja-B. Löffler Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven Leitstelle METEOR/MERIAN Institut für Meereskunde der Universität Hamburg 2009 MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, Cruise 2, Lisbon – Reykjavik, May – September 2006 I Table of Contents Page Table of Contents, Part 1 (MSM02/1) II Table of Contents, Part 2 (MSM02/2) III Table of Contents, Part 3 (MSM02/3) IV Table of Contents, Part 4 (MSM02/4) V Abstract VI Zusammenfassung VI Research Objectives VI Forschungsziel VIII Acknowledgements X MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, Part 1 (MSM02/1) 1-1 to 1-43 MARIA S. MERIAN -Berichte 09-1, Part 2 (MSM02/2) 2-1 to 2-29 MARIA S. MERIAN -Berichte 09-1, Part 3 (MSM02/3) 3-1 to 3-45 MARIA S. MERIAN -Berichte 09-1, Part 4 (MSM02/4) 4-1 to 4-42 II MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, Cruise 2, Lisbon – Reykjavik, May – September 2006 Table of Contents, Part 1 (MSM02/1) Page 1.1 Participants 1-3 1.2 Research Programme 1-4 1.3 Narrative of the Cruise 1-5 1.4 Observations, Analysis Methods and Preliminary results 1-15 1.4.1 Water Masses and Variability Compared to Previous Years 1-15 1.4.1.1 Calibrations and Data Quality of CTD and Oxygen Measurements 1-15 1.4.1.2 Hydrological Sections from Greenland to Portugal 1-16 1.4.1.3 θ-S Plots of the Different Basins: Comparison with 2002 and 2004 1-18 1.4.2 Current Profiling Sections 1-21 1.4.2.1 VMADCP 1-21 1.4.2.2 LADCP 1-22 1.4.3 Nutrients, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), and Carbon Measurements 1-23 1.4.3.1 Nutrients 1-23 1.4.3.2 CFC 1-25 1.4.3.3 pH, Alkalinity and Anthropogenic Carbon 1-28 1.4.4 Mooring operations 1-30 1.4.5 Float Deployments 1-33 1.4.6 XBT Section 1-34 1.5 The Web Site 1-34 1.6 Station List 1-35 1.7 Concluding Remarks 1-42 1.8 References 1-43 MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, Cruise 2, Lisbon – Reykjavik, May – September 2006 III Table of Contents, Part 2 (MSM02/2) Page 2.1 Participants 2-3 2.2 Objectives 2-4 2.3 Narrative of the cruise 2-4 2.4. Technical Information 2-5 2.5. Scientific programmes – preliminary results 2-7 2.5.1 The East Greenland Current – an indicator for low frequency variability of the outflow from the NordicSeas/Arctic Ocean (SFB 512 – E2) 2-7 2.5.1.1 Tube moorings 2-7 2.5.1.2 CTC section 74°N 2-8 2.5.2 Long term variability of the hydrographic structure, convection and transports in the Greenland Sea (LOTEVA-GS) 2-9 2.5.2.1 Zonal transect at 75ºN 2-11 2.5.2.2 SCV 2-14 2.5.2.3 EP/CC Moorings 2-14 2.6 Station list 2-18 2.7 Acknowledgements 2-28 2.8 References 2-28 IV MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, Cruise 2, Lisbon – Reykjavik, May – September 2006 Table of Contents, Part 3 (MSM02/3) Page 3.1 Participants 3-3 3.2 Research Program 3-4 3.3 Narrative of the cruise 3-5 3.4 Preliminary results 3-9 3.4.1 Multibeam mapping surveys 3-9 3.4.2 CTD and water sampling 3-13 3.4.3 Light measurements 3-17 3.4.4 Biological sampling 3-19 3.4.5 Geological sampling 3-29 3.4.6 Research Submersible JAGO 3-34 3.4.7 Polar History – Landings at historical sites on Svalbard 2006 3-39 3.5 Station list 3-40 3.6 Acknowledgements 3-45 MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, Cruise 2, Lisbon – Reykjavik, May – September 2006 V Table of Contents, Part 4 (MSM02/4) Page 4.1 Participants 4-3 4.2 Research Programme 4-4 4.3 Narrative of the cruise 4-5 4.4 Preliminary results 4-9 4.4.1 Hydrography and circulation in the Fram Strait 4-9 4.4.2 Ecosystems time series studies and experimental work in the deep Arctic Ocean 4-24 4.4.3 Interdisciplinary investigations at the deep-sea long-term observatory Hausgarten 4-25 4.4.4 Latitudinal shifts in deep sea nematode assemblages 4-28 4.4.5 Carbon remineralisation by the benthic community 4-28 4.4.6 Responses of deep-sea nematode assemblages to increase food availability 4-29 4.4.7 Biofouling experiments at the deep seafloor 4-30 4.4.8 Biodiversity and ecology of deep-sea copepods 4-32 4.5 Station List 4-34 4.6 Acknowledgements 4-42 VI MARIA S. MERIAN-Berichte 09-1, Cruise 2, Lisbon – Reykjavik, May – September 2006 Abstract The four legs of the second cruise of R/V MARIA S. MERIAN, MSM02, served mainly long-term studies of the variability of physical and biological systems of the northern North Atlantic. Leg 1 was part of the international barter agreement between NERC (Natural Environment Research Council), IFREMER (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer), BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung), IMR (Institute for Marine Research, Bergen) and NIOZ (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) which is organised by the Ocean Facilities Exchange Group (OFEG). The leg served to continue a French long-term observation of the North-Atlantic circulation and meridional overturning. It repeated a hydrographic section including a comprehensive tracer programme between Portugal and southern Greenland and exchanged moorings. The second leg conducted CTD sections and mooring work addressing the East Greenland Current and the convection state in the Greenland Sea Gyre. During the third leg biosedimentary systems of polar carbonate deposits were investigated with respect to recent climate variability. This work was combined with a study of polar research history on Spitsbergen. The last leg addressed the interannual variability of water mass exchange between North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean through the Fram Strait and of the ecology of the polar deep sea. Zusammenfassung Die zweite Reise des R/V MARIA S. MERIAN setzte sich aus vier Abschnitten mit vorwiegend ozeanographischen und biologischen Langzeitprogrammen zur Variabilität im nördlichen Nordatlantik zusammen. Der erste Fahrtabschnitt führte ein französisches Langzeitprogramm zur Erfassung der atlantischen Umwälzbewegung fort, bei dem ein hydrographischer Schnitt mit einem umfangreichen Tracerprogramm zwischen Portugal und dem südlichen Grönland aufgenommen wurde. Der zweite Abschnitt galt dem Ostgrönlandstrom und der Konvektion in der Grönlandsee. Auf dem dritten Abschnitt wurden neben einer polarforschungs-historischen Studie auf Spitzbergen biosedimentäre Systeme polarer Karbonatvorkommen auf den Schelfen Svalbards im Zusammenhang mit rezenter Klimavariabilität analysiert. Im letzten Abschnitt wurden Langzeitmessungen zum Wasser-massenaustausch zwischen Nordatlantik und dem Nordpolarmeer durch die Framstraße und zur Ökologie der polaren Tiefsee fortgeführt. Research Objectives The second cruise of RV MARIA S. MERIAN aimed at continuing long-term studies of the variability of physical and biological systems of the North Atlantic. The first leg focused at continuation of a French long-term observation of the North-Atlantic circulation and meridional overturning (OVIDE). It repeated a hydrographic section including a comprehensive tracer programme between Portugal and southern Greenland and exchanges moorings array. The second leg was a contribution to the Hamburg Special Research programme 512, work package ”The east Greenland Current - indicator of low frequency variability of the outflow from the system Arctic Ocean/Nordic Seas” and to the research topic “Convection and transports in the Greenland Sea” of the Alfred Wegener Institute.
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