DOCUMENT RESUME ED 252 043 EC 171 200 TITLE That All May Read: Library Service for Blind and Physically Handicapped People. INSTITUTION Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. National Library Service for the Blind ano Physically Handicapped. REPORT NO ISBN-0-8444-0375-X °KA DATE. Jan 84-a- NOTt 518p. PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Guides - Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF02/PC21 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS, Academic Libearies; Accessibility (for Disabled); *Blindhess; Federal Legislation; *Federal Programs;. History; *Library Services; *Physical Disabilities; State Programs; Visual Impairments IDENTIFIERS National Library Service for the Blind 0 ABSTRACT _ _ The book is intended to provide an overview of the needs of blind and physically handiCapped individuals who are unable to use print resources and to describe practices designed tomeet those needs. An initial section reviews the history of library services to this population, noting federal legislation and agencies which serve them. A detailed history of the National Library Service for,the Blind and Physically Handicapped is included. Part 2includes papers on users (results of questionnaires,interviews, and site visits), materials and publishers (including braille, large type materials, and music services); reading aids and devices; state programs from the perspective of a statelibrarian; and the National Library .S 'ice Network. Part 3 presents four papers on the following topics: sch,,o1 library media services, public libraries (services for the blind and physically handicapped); academic libraryservices (facility accessibility, financial considerations); and training and research in librarianship. The final section shifts to an international orientation; the papers in thia section focus on developments in library services for blind-and-physicallyhandicapped persons in other countries andinternitbhal cooperation. (CL) . *********************************************************************** * Reproductions, supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * * , from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CI NTER (ERIC) 11 This document has been reproduced as received from .t.he parson or organization 0 originating it. Minor changes have been made toimprove reproduction quality. That All Points of view or opinions stated in this docu- ment do not necessarily representofficial NIE. position or policy. r4NMay Read 0 Library Service for Blind and in PhysicallyHandicapped People a National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped 1 The Library of Congress I Washington 1983 0 ef 0 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: That all may read. Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Does. no.: LC 19.2:R22/2/981 1. Blind, Libraries for the.2. Libraries and the physically handicapped.I. Library of Congress. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Z675.B6T48 027.6'63 81. 607111 ISBN 0. 8444-0375-X Second Printing, January 1984 Content's Preface Frank Kurt Cylke Part One 4 History and Standards 1 Eunice Lovejoy Federal Legislation and Agencies Which Serve Blind and Physically Handicapped People 25 Irvin P. Schloss P A History of the National Library Service to Blind and Handicapped Individuals ti 65 Part Two Users 221 Hylda Kamisar > Materials and Publishers 233 Mary Jack Wintle and Catherine Archer Reading Aids and Devices 253 Leslie L. Clark State. Programs: A.State Librarian's Perspective' 271 Anthony Miele 0 The NLS Network 279 Karen Renninger and Thomas J. Martin Part Three School Library Media Services 287 Ruth A. Velleman and Joan A. Miller Public Libraries 309 Donau Dziedzic That All May Read a Academic Library Services 327 John Vasi Training and Research in Librarianship 347 Kenneth L'..Perstl and Merrillyn C. Gibson Part FOr In Other Countries 381 M. Joy Lewis International Cooperation 411 Frank Kurt Cylke App` th- dix Free Matter: Nearly a Century of Change 425 Judith M. Dixon and Alfred D. Hagle Bibliography 431 Index 50 4 O 0- Ic Preface Provision of library service to blind'and physicallyhandicapped indi- viduals is an ever-developing:art/science requiring aknowledge of individual needs, a mastery of information science processesand techniques, and an awareness of the plethora ofavailable print and nonprinresources. This book is intended to bring together acomposite overview of the needs of indii/iduals unable to useprint resources and to describe current and historic practicesdesigned4oTneet these needs. The com- pleted work provides students, practicingprofessionals, and others interested in the field a solid base from which they mayrefine their thinking, mbdify appropriate technieies, arLddevelop more appropri- ate transfer mechanisms. Behind every publication of this type is an army of workers who contribute to the myriad of professional, technical, andclerical re- quirements. It is never possible to identify all thosewho assisted; however, as always, it is necessary to thank thosewho played a crucial role. Therefo4e, especial appreciation isdirected to; Dr. Elizabeth W. Stone, Dean of the School ofLibrary and Information Science, at the Catholic University of America; Mary Jack Wintle, Assistabt Director of the NationalLibrary Seviee for the Blind and Physically Handicapped(NLS), who served as general coordinator of the project; . The stafof the NLS Publication and Media Section,who prepared the manuscript for publication,:kalling upon Libraryof Congress and network-staff for facts, figures, andinterpretations and upon professionals working in the field forcritical comments as appropriate;and mostsincerely to: (V) 9 That All May Read if Marjorie Neumann, the technical editor.Anyone who has at- tempted a project suchas this is aware of the,significance of competent professional, technical editing. I am pleased with this book. Iam sure that, following a reading, you will also be pleated and wilPkeep it ever ready for consultation. M Frank Kurt Cylke Director National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped Library of Congress August, 1982 a (VO Part One yAwMa.I..I.. ...-- History and Standards Eunice Lovejoy Fifty - three years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, this country's first public effort was triade in training and'educating blind persons. In 1829 the Massachusetts legislature passed the enabling legislation fbr the New England Asylum for the Blind, later to become the Perkins School for the Blind, at Watertown, Massachu- setts.' The New York institution for the Blind was founded two years later. In 1832 both schools were opened and the education of'blind children also began in Philadelphia. By the end of the nineteenth century, allbut a few states had established such schools.' Every school for the blind had a collection of books in someform 4 tactile print. The director of the Perkins School, Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe, devised an angular modification of roman letters in Upper'and lower case, which was known as Boston Line Type. The Acts of the Apostles was'produced in 1835, followed by the Old and New'Testa- ments. The textbooks produced at Perkins were used in many other schools for the blind. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instrtiction of the Blind at Overbrook in Philadelphia developed a similar form of type and is credited with producing the first embosSed book in America, the Gospel of Mark. Dr. Simon Pollak, one of the founders of the Missouri School for the Blind, started using Louis Braille's system of six-dot cells in his school soon after the official adoption of braille in Paris in 1854. By the early 1880s, its use had spread from Missouri to most (*the schools for the blind, and the Howe Memorial Press in Boston, a Perkins School affiliate, was producing textbooks in a form known as American braille. In 1868, William B. Wait, superintendent of the New York Institu- tion for the Blind, introduced New York Point, another dot code. This was adopted by,the American Printing House forthe Blind, in Louis- Eunice Lovejoy is a library consultant, cervices to older people and to people with disabilities. 4 That All M.ay Read . Kentucky, which became the officol printer for school books in . the United States in 1879, when Congress passed the Actto Promote the Education of the Blind. A form of type which was more acceptable to people who had lost their sight as adults was Moon.ty,a simplified version of roman capital letters first produced in England in 1847 and introduced in the O 'United States in 1880. Older.people, whose touch is often lesssensi- tive, found its latge, bold letters easier to read." ,Ch Library Service to Blind Adults After students feft school, they continued to need reading materials, and many schools-mitde their libraries available to nonstudentS.la their locitlities. A few even presented books to students whentheyleft school. Yet the demand,for reading material was not satisfied, and librarians in public libraries began to respond to the requests for books.' H. M. Utley, librarian of the Detroit Public Library, spoke about books for blind readers at the twentieth general tit eeting VI the Ameri- can Library Association-(ALA), held at Lakewood-on-Chautauqua, New York, in July 1898. He said that the different forms of type made it ilifficult.for a/library to choose a system to satisfy all its users. In 1896, he reported, his library purchased sixty-six volumes printed