Water and Health Title Page Water and Health Programme Course 1 - Introduction How to use the course materials: The material is divided into Concept and Discussion sections. Most Concept pages are accompanied by a Discussion page. The Concept page gives a brief overview of the topic being considered and each Discussion page amplifies that overview into a more detailed review of the topic. The simple analogy is that the Concept pages are what you would see on a PowerPoint or blackboard summary in a lecture and the Discussion page is what the lecturer would say in class about that topic (or would provide in written lecture notes). This means that you can use the Concept pages as a quick review of the topics by progressing through them in order using the Arrow icons at the top of the page (or in any order you want) and looking at the Discussion pages to amplify or remind you of the detailed content. This is very useful for a rapid review of course materials. If you mark the level of understanding you have for each topic (from low to high - red to green) , you can then use these measures of understanding to review only those topics that you need to work on further or had difficulty with on first reading. You may also add notes to any page or highlight materials for later study. For Help with the StudySpace software, see the Help Section on the left-hand menu. To see a PowerPoint Presentation on the StudySpace software used in these Water-Health courses see this link. PowerPoint or PowerPoint Viewer (free from Microsoft) is required and PowerPoint Viewer is included for installation from the CD Any page may contain references to extra materials; either on the CD or as an external web reference (URL) (usually marked as Internet Access Required). You can access the CD material directly but you need an internet connection to access the external references. These extra materials and the external web references are NOT required reading but are there for those who wish to look at certain topics in more detail or who want to go to the original sources of material. The CD references are given to amplify the topics and are usually well worth reading even though we will not normally require any detailed knowledge of their contents for this course. You will also see listings of material such as bibliographies and data sources on the internet. We provide these in an attempt to make the courses more useful to you in your career or studies, but knowledge of them is NOT required. They are there to provide reference materials that might be useful to you. In short, everything you need to know for this series of courses is on the CD,, but you have been given extra materials and internet references to supplementary materials for clarification if needed, for later use if it is relevant, or for you to pursue individual topics for your own interest. file:///F|/Dropbox/WaterHealthNewFinal/Course1/discussion/wh001mo001c001d000TitlePage.html[11/3/2014 5:18:27 PM] Water and Health Title Page Water and Health Programme Introduction to the Programme The Water and Health Programme consists of a number of individual courses addressing the many issues surrounding the relationships between water and the health of people and populations. Overview of Water-Health Programme Courses Course 1 Introduction to Water & Health History of Early Civilizations History of Water History of Water and Health Global Water Issues – importance of water, current access to water and sanitation, history of water resources. Global Health Issues – water quantity, water quality and health overview; global burden of waterborne disease; history of water-health; London cholera outbreak case study. Water Supply (Water Quantity and Quality) - water cycle, hydrology, case studies for surface water e.g., Lake Victoria, marine and oceanic systems, groundwater. Global Water Use and the Hydrogeological cycle – Patterns of use (global and regional) Consumptive versus non- consumptive uses, comparison of patterns of use, types of use and trends - water for human consumption, water for food, water for energy, water for industry, water for ecosystem health, water for recreation and tourism; management approaches for multiple uses IWRM watershed management. Water Management and Introduction to IWRM – A brief overview of the history and practices of Integrated Water Resource Management Information Sources on Water and Water-Health issues Course 2 Water-Related Impacts on Health – Principles, Methods and Applications Introduction – Viewing water and health through different macro lenses of user of water, needs and usage of water, quality of water and availability of water. Closer look at the intersection of these lenses where impacts occur from a needs assessment and risk assessment perspective. Look at processes for the identification of potential hazards and impacts and standard methods for evaluating prioritizing and reporting acute and chronic exposures to different types of contaminants and applied in assessing and responding in situations with threats of significant potential for causing harmful effects local scale and global scale. Health issues associated with extreme events, watershed diseases, hygiene and drought and flooding. Water Quality – What are contaminants affecting water quality, biological microbiological and chemical and physical. What are pollution sources, point source and diffuse non-point sources. Impacts of Water Quantity and Quality on Health – Impacts of water quality and quantity on environmental and public health. Practical methods for measuring and assessing water quality, methods for monitoring and surveillance of water quality and hygiene for use by households, schools, and the community. Exposure - Disease transmission routes and exposure routes and exposure pathways to contaminants in water, pathogens and parasites and toxic chemicals. Acute and chronic exposures. The faecal-oral exposure pathway of disease and zoonosis. Factors influencing exposures, including differences in life-stages, children, pregnant women and other vulnerable populations. Toxicology Epidemiology and Risk Assessment - Basic principles and methods and applications. Brief history of epidemiology and application of demographics pertaining to water-related disease. General risk assessment frameworks and integration of risk communication and risk management, including deterministic versus probabilistic risk assessment, cumulative risk assessment, and qualitative and quantitative studies. Drinking water guidelines by the World Health Organization and their development and application. file:///F|/Dropbox/WaterHealthNewFinal/Course1/discussion/wh001mo001c001d001Introduction.html[11/3/2014 5:18:27 PM] Water and Health Title Page Case studies - Examples of case studies and different types of contaminants and exposure pathways such as, food contamination, guinea worm, arsenic in drinking water, fluoride, pesticides and pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Social surveys – What are social surveys. How are social surveys conducted and constructed. Data analysis and information. Risk Communication and Risk Management Challenges –Demographics, language and literacy, and hazard identification of public health emergency of international concern. Course 3 Technical Solutions for Water & Health Water Treatment Methods and Water Distribution Systems– Introduction to safe drinking water and the multiple-barrier approach and other water treatment methods. Novel water treatment and purification systems. Examples of different types of water distribution systems. Household water treatment systems. Source Water Protection - Protecting the source water supply and health issues associated with water treatment and distribution (see also Course 1 and 2). To be added in future are the following topics –water towers, reservoirs, cisterns and rain barrels and other rain and water collection and storage methods for water supply and case studies. Point of Use, Conventional Drinking Water Treatment, and Advanced Drinking Water Treatment - Selection for the optimization of treatment system configuration- multiple barrier approach. Sanitation and Wastewater Treatment systems including - Decentralized Treatment, Constructed Wetlands, Conventional Waste Water Treatment, and Advanced Waste Water Treatment -– Overview, sanitation hygiene and wastewater, Ecosan, waste treatment systems, health issues associated with waste treatment (see also Course 1 and 2), non-technical solutions (constructed wetlands). Resource materials are provided on education and participatory approaches. Case studies of wastewater treatment and wetlands construction. Course 4 Water Ethics, Governance, Law, Economics and Social Intervention Water and Ethics Human Rights & Social Justice Managing Water Integrating Water and Health Challenges to Integration Moving Forward -- Managing Watersheds for Health Course 5 Challenges for WaSH Introduction – About 2.5 billion people lack improved sanitation facilities, and 768 million people still use unsafe drinking water sources, according to the latest estimates of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), released in early 2013. Inadequate access to safe water and sanitation services, coupled with poor hygiene practices, kills and sickens thousands of children every day, and leads to impoverishment and diminished opportunities for thousands more. Challenges for WaSH - The following challenges for WaSH are discussed in the course: disease prevention; disease intervention;