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The Richard S. Salant Lecture THE RICHARD S. S ALANT LECTURE ON FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH ANTHONY LEWIS The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 2008 61 7-495-8269 • www.shorensteincenter.org THE RICHARD S. S ALANT LECTURE ON FREEDOM OF THE PRESS WITH ANTHONY LEWIS 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS History of the Richard S. Salant Lecture ............................................................ 5 Biography of Anthony Lewis ................................................................................ 7 Welcoming Remarks by Dean David Ellwood .................................................. 9 Introduction by Alex S. Jones .............................................................................. 10 The 2008 Richard S. Salant Lecture on Freedom of the Press by Anthony Lewis ............................................................................................ 12 THE RICHARD S. S ALANT LECTURE 3 HISTORY In 2007, the estate of Dr. Frank Stanton, former president of CBS, provided funding for a lecture in honor of his longtime friend and colleague, Mr. Richard S. Salant, a lawyer, broadcast media executive, ardent defender of the First Amendment and passionate leader of broadcast ethics and news standards. Frank Stanton was a central figure in the development of tele - vision broadcasting. He became president of CBS in January 1946, a position he held for 27 years. A staunch advocate of First Amendment rights, Stanton worked to ensure that broad - cast journalism received protection equal to that received by the print press. In testimony before a U.S. Congressional committee when he was ordered to hand over material from an investigative report called “The Selling of the Pentagon,” Stanton said that the order amounted to an infringement of free speech under the First Amendment. He was also instrumental in assembling the first televised presidential debate in 1960. In 1935, Stanton received a doctorate from Ohio State University and was hired by CBS. He became head of CBS’s research department in 1938, vice president and general manager in 1945, and in 1946, at the age of 38, was made president of the company. Dr. Stanton was an early proponent of the creation of a Press and Politics Center at the Kennedy School. He served on the advisory commit - tee for the proposed center in the early 1980s and was on the Shorenstein Center’s advisory board from 1987 until his death in 2006. Richard S. Salant served as president of CBS News from 1961 to 1964 and from 1966 to 1979. Under his leadership, CBS was the first network to expand its nightly news coverage to a half-hour on weekdays, started a full-time election unit, created additional regional news bureaus outside New York and Washington, and launched “60 Minutes,” the “CBS Morning News,” and “Sunday Morning” programs. He was credited with raising professional standards and expanding news programming at CBS. Salant was known as both a defender of the news media’s First Amendment rights and a critic of what he considered the media’s excesses and failings. Salant graduated from Harvard College in 1935 and from Harvard Law School in 1938. He worked in government and as a lawyer. Salant represented CBS in hearings before the FCC and Congressional committees and in a suit with RCA-NBC over which network would develop color television. Although CBS lost, Salant impressed the network’s president, Frank Stanton, who later appointed him vice president of CBS News in 1952. THE RICHARD S. S ALANT LECTURE 5 Anthony Lewis is a Pulitzer Prize –winning journalist . His first Pulitzer for national report - ing was awarded in 1955, when he was a reporter for the Washington Daily News . Lewis wrote a series of articles that were adjudged directly responsible for clearing Abraham Chasanow, an employee of the U.S. Navy Department, and bringing about his restoration to duty with an acknowledgment by the Navy Department that it had committed a grave injustice in dismissing him as a security risk. Lewis won a second Pulitzer Prize for national reporting in 1963 for his distinguished cover - age of the Supreme Court. Anthony Lewis worked at the New York Times for many years, first as a deskman (1948–52), as a reporter in the Washington bureau (1955–64), as London bureau chief (1965–72) and as a columnist (1969–2001). He is the author of several notable books, including Gideon’s Trumpet , Make No Law: The Sullivan Case and the First Amendment, and Freedom for the Thought We Hate: A Biography of the First Amendment . Lewis was editor of the Harvard Crimson and gradu - ated from Harvard College in 1948. He taught at Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism and at Harvard Law School for many years. In 2002 he was the Visiting Lombard Lecturer at the Shorenstein Center. THE RICHARD S. S ALANT LECTURE 7 RICHARD S. S ALANT LECTURE OCTOBER 1, 2008 Dean Ellwood: Hello, everyone, welcome to the Harvard Kennedy School. My name is David Ellwood, I’m the Dean here. This is a really wonderful evening as it is the first Richard S. Salant Lecture on Freedom of the Press. And indeed we have a spectacular, outstanding person to be the inaugural speaker here tonight. The lecture originated because of a bequest from another person, who it would be wonderful to have here, Frank Stanton. Indeed, I could imagine few people whose ideas about what’s going on in America right this moment I would treasure more on everything from the press, to the Con - gress, to our political system. Frank himself was, as all of you know, a remarkable man and our friend. He was a good friend of Harvard University, of the Kennedy School and of the Shorenstein Center. And it was he who provided funding in a bequest for an annual lecture in honor of his longtime friend and colleague, Richard Salant, who was a lawyer, a broadcaster, executive, a media execu - tive of course, and a very ardent defender of free speech. I also want to particularly mention Elisabeth and Graham Allison because Frank was very, very close to them. As many of you have been to the Kennedy School’s John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum and seen what it’s like in its glory, the truth is that Frank Stanton, along with Graham, is in very, very large part responsible for that. Frank really did have a vision of a place, a Roman forum, where grand ideas would be discussed and engaged. You can well imagine how people reacted when Graham went to the powers that be at Harvard and said we need a Roman forum at the Kennedy School. (Laughter) And it didn’t go over very well at first but because of the intense capac - ity of Frank and Graham both to be visionary but also to be tough, we have the Forum. So my job is to introduce Alex Jones, who is the Director of the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, and the Laurence M. Lombard Lecturer in the Press and Public Policy. And he is of course a Pulitzer Prize –winning reporter from the New York Times . He coauthored, along with a very, very important coauthor, Susan Tifft, who is also right here and we are especially happy to have you here, Susan, The Patriarch: The Rise and Fall of the Bingham Dynasty , and The Trust . But as far as I’m concerned, what makes him great is he is the leader of the Shorenstein Center and it is indeed a very, very special and terrific place. So, without further ado, let me turn to Alex. But, again, let me ask to begin with a big hand in memory of Frank Stanton. THE RICHARD S. S ALANT LECTURE 9 (Applause) Dean Ellwood: Alex Jones. Mr. Jones: Thank you, David. It is my great pleasure to add my welcome to you all tonight for this inaugural Richard S. Salant Lecture on the Freedom of the Press. Tonight we will hear from Tony Lewis who is our overwhelming choice to be the inaugural Salant Lecturer. Richard Salant was considered in his day, and even now, the greatest ever head of a network news division because of his tenure in that position at CBS. He led the news operation at CBS during its most glorious time, creating news and public affairs programming that really inspired other networks and other news organizations. It was a time when television network news really was something that inspired the world and was vastly important. He was the person who embodied that in many, many respects, not in front of the camera, but behind the scenes and the one who was the head of the division that really was the bulwark, if you will. But I think it is important that we spend a moment on another great CBS icon, a man whose generosity, as David said, made possible the Salant Lecture. I speak of course of Frank Stanton who died on Christmas Eve in 2006. He was a great friend of Harvard, the Shorenstein Center and the Kennedy School, as David said, and it is from a bequest in his will that the Salant Lecture was born. Elisabeth and Graham Allison, Frank’s devoted counselors and friends, were instrumental in making that possible. And while we have applauded Frank Stanton in memory, I would ask that you join me also in expressing our thanks to Elisabeth, Graham is not here, but to Elisabeth tonight. Thank you. (Applause) Frank Stanton was not a news man in the literal sense. To the best of my knowledge, he never covered a story. But as president of CBS, he was a champion of news and of press freedom. For one thing, he was Dick Salant’s ally and champion; he made it possible for Dick Salant to win the reputation of being the world’s greatest news division chief and made it possible for CBS to be known as the Tiffany network of news.
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