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Format Penulisan Makalah Seminar Nasional APTIKOM (SEMNASTIKOM), Hotel Lombok Raya Mataram, 28-29 Oktober 2016 PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI MULTIMEDIA KAIN TRADISIONAL BALI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PELESTARIAN BUDAYA Luh Joni Erawati Dewi1, Gede Rasben Dantes2, Ida Bagus Yoga Adnyana3 1,2,3Jurusan Manajemen Informatika, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (1) ([email protected]) (2) ([email protected]) Abstrak This research was aimed at developing a multimedia application of balinese traditional textiles to support culture preservation. The most important group of balinese textiles are cotton cloth decorated with the double ikat technique, which is called geringsing. The development of this multimedia application started from collecting data through interviews and observations, then doing interface design, video creation, coding, and testing the application. Tools which were used to develop this application such as Adobe Flash Professional CS 6 and Corel Draw. The result is a multimedia application that covers the history of geringsing cloth, tools and materials needed to make the geringsing cloth, the process of making geringsing, the motives of geringsing, geringsing wearing, and simulation game of merging several motives of geringsing. Key words : geringsing, double ikat techniques, cultural heritage. Hindu, kain geringsing dipakai saat upacara potong gigi. 1. Pendahuluan Selain itu, ada juga balian (tabib lokal di Tenganan) yang menggunakan kain geringsing ini sebagai sarana Keberadaan kain tidak bisa dipisahkan dari pengobatan untuk orang sakit. Oleh karena itu orang kehidupan manusia sehari-hari. Kain dapat Tenganan mempunyai pandangan bahwa kain geringsing dimanfaatkan untuk melindungi tubuh maupun sebagai memiliki peranan/fungsi yang amat penting. asesoris untuk mempercantik penampilan. Kain juga bisa Kain geringsing dibuat dengan teknik double digunakan untuk hiasan di rumah seperti digantungkan ikat. Teknik ini hanya terdapat di tiga negara, yaitu di dinding, sebagai taplak meja, atau sarung bantal, dan Jepang, India, dan Indonesia[2]. Dan di Indonesia hanya lain-lain. ada di desa Tenganan Pageringsingan. Teknik ikat ini Di beberapa daerah di Bali, terdapat kain-kain sangat rumit dan memerlukan waktu yang lama dalam tertentu yang pemakaiannya hanya pada saat-saat proses pembuatannya. Pada teknik ini, benang lungsi dan upacara tertentu saja. Kain di Bali disebut dengan istilah pakan diikat pada bagian tertentu terlebih dahulu wastra.Wastra ini digolongkan menjadi wastra sakral, sebelum dicelup ke pewarna alam. Ikatan-ikatan inilah wastra kebesaran, dan wastra penghias[1]. Wastra sakral yang akan membentuk pola-pola tertentu. adalah kain yang dinilai memiliki nilai sakral yang Kain geringsing memiliki beragam motif yang dikenakan pada saat upacara tertentu. Misalnya untuk sangat indah. Ada tiga puluhan motif kain geringsing upacara ‘metatah’ digunakan kain geringsing sebagai seperti batun tuhung, lubeng, pitara, wayang penutup badan orang yang diupacarai. Wastra kebesaran kebo(Gambar 1). Motif-motif tersebut masih dibuat seperti songket, endek, prada, yang dinilai memiliki sampai saat ini di desa Tenganan Pagringsingan. Akan prestise tersendiri bagi yang memakainya. Wastra tetapi, ada juga motif yang bisa dibilang ‘punah’ karena penghias seperti kain lamak digunakan untuk menghias tidak ada yang membuatnya lagi saat ini seperti pada tempat upacara. Tidak dipungkiri, kain memang Gambar 2. Sulitnya membuat motif dan kurangnya menduduki fungsi penting dalam kehidupan, khususnya minat orang untuk memilikinya merupakan penyebab masyarakat Hindu Bali. para pembuat kain geringsing enggan membuat sebuah Kain geringsing dibuat di desa Tenganan motif. Pagringsingan, Karangasem. Menurut pandangan orang Namun, keberadaan kain geringsing ini harus Tenganan, kain geringsing mengandung nilai magis dan tetap dilestarikan karena kain ini merupakan produk filosofi tertentu. Dikatakan demikian karena kata warisan budaya dari nenek moyang. Teknik double ikat geringsing berasal dari dua kata yaitu kata”gering” yang dan keragaman motif yang memiliki filosofi khusus berarti “sakit” atau “penyakit” dan kata “sing” berarti patut dijaga keberlangsungannya dan diwariskan kepada “tidak” atau “menolong” dan kedua akar kata tersebut anak cucu sebagai bukti tingginya seni budaya nenek yaitu kata gering dan sing disatu padukan menjadi kata moyang. geringsing yang dapat berarti tidak sakit atau menolak penyakit yang dapat diperkirakan akan terhindar dan segala penyakit. Kain geringsing dikenakan pada saat upacara- upacara tertentu di desa Tenganan seperti upacara perang pandan. Di daerah Bali lainnya yang menganut agama Gambar 1. Motif Wayang Kebo (200cm x 57cm) 651 Seminar Nasional APTIKOM (SEMNASTIKOM), Hotel Lombok Raya Mataram, 28-29 Oktober 2016 Mulai Tahap Persiapan (ide utama, pengumpulan data dan pembuatan storyboard) Tahap Pembuatan Program (Membuat desain program, membuat animasi dan Gambar 2. Motif Enjekan Siap (168cm x 43cm) input sound) Warisan budaya adalah apa yang kita dapat dari Tes Program masa lalu, apa yang kita warisi sekarang, dan apa yang Tidak kita berikan untuk masa depan[3]. Warisan budaya tidak Sukses bisa tergantikan karena itu penting sekali untuk Ya melindungi dan melestarikan budaya tersebut dari masa Tahap Akhir sekarang untuk masa depan. Menurut UNESCO/World Heritage Center, warisan budaya diklasifikasikan Media Informasi Kain Geringsing menjadi tiga kategori yaitu budaya, alam, dan gabungan budaya dan alam. Selesai Identifikasi, perlindungan, dan pelestarian warisan budaya telah menjadi perhatian UNESCO sejak tahun 1972. Teknologi biasanya digunakan untuk Gambar 3. Proses kerja pembuatan aplikasi membantu orang dan organisasi khususnya dalam aktifitas pelestarian warisan budaya. Pelestarian secara digital digunakan untuk merepresentasikan, menganalisis, memanipulasi, dan mengorganisir 3. Pembahasan berbagai jenis objek budaya digital dari berbagai sumber Setelah tahapan pembuatan program dilanjutkan media[4]. dengan tahap uji coba program. Tahap uji coba ini Terkait dengan upaya pelestarian budaya, dilakukan agar aplikasi yang dibuat berjalan sesuai penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah aplikasi dengan yang diharapkan. Beberapa uji coba dapat dilihat multimedia yang berisikan inventaris dan dokumentasi pada Tabel 1. tentang kain geringsing seperti motif-motif kain, proses Tabel 1. Uji Coba Sistem pembuatan kain geringsing, alat dan bahan untuk No Jenis Uji/ Skenario Hasil membuat kain geringsing dan juga cara pemakaian geringsing. 1. Intro Pada layar muncul Saat pertama kali intro media. Setelah 2. Metodologi menggunakan media menekan tombol ini, akan muncul Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. skip, akan muncul Data diperoleh langsung melalui observasi dan secara otomatis intro tampilan menu wawancara dari tetua adat desa tenganan Pagringsingan, media. Jika pengguna penenun, maupun pemilik gallery kain. Selain itu, data tidak ingin melihat utama. Lihat pada juga diperoleh dari buku maupun dari internet. intro, klik tombol skip Gambar 4. Selanjutnya, data dikelompokkan, diolah dianalisis pada bagian bawah. sesuai kebutuhan. Tahap berikutnya yaitu membuat 2. Menu Utama Muncul menu utama program. Tahap ini dimulai dari membuat desain Pada saat intro selesai, dari media seperti tampilan program, membuat animasi pendukung, menu utama akan terlihat pada Gambar tampil yang berisikan merekam suara dan video. Tahapan kerja berikutnya 5. adalah melakukan tes/uji coba program. Tahapan ini beberapa button. bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah menu-menu yang 3. Menu Sejarah Muncul video pendek ada pada program sudah berfungsi dengan baik dan tidak Ketika tombol asal ada link yang terputus. Pada tahup uji coba, jika yang menceritakan usul diklik, muncul ditemukan kekurangan/kesalahan maka dilakukan kedatangan pedagang video pendek yang perbaikan sehingga pada akhirnya aplikasi multimedia India ke Bali. menceritakan kain geringsing ini bisa selesai sesuai dengan target yang kedatangan pedagang Tampilan seperti diharapkan. Tahapan pengembangan aplikasi ini bisa India ke Bali pada Gambar 6. digambarkan seperti pada Gambar 3 berikut ini. 4. Menu Jenis Kain Muncul empat jenis Ketika tombol jenis kain dan video kain ditekan, muncul pemakaianya. 4 jenis kain dan video Tampilan seperti cara memakainya. pada Gambar 7. 652 Seminar Nasional APTIKOM (SEMNASTIKOM), Hotel Lombok Raya Mataram, 28-29 Oktober 2016 No Jenis Uji/ Skenario Hasil 5. Menu Motif Kain Muncul 30 button Ketika tombol Motif mewakili motif kain Kain diklik akan geringsing dan muncul menu baru penjelasannya dan 30 motif kain Tampilan seperti geringsing. pada Gambar 8. 6. Menu Proses Muncul button yang Pembuatan mewakili tahapan- Ketika tombol Proses tahapan pembuatan Proses Pembuatan Gambar 6. Sejarah Kain Geringsing kain geringsing. diklik, akan di tampilkan tahap tahap Tampilan seperti pembuatan kain pada Gambar 9. geringsing dari awal sampai selesai dan berisi video cara pembuatan 7. Menu Pemakaian Muncul cara Ketika tombol memakai kain Pemakaian diklik akan geringsing sesuai muncul video jenisnya. Tampilan pemakaian kain seperti pada Gambar geringsing yang 10. Gambar 7. Jenis-Jenis Kain Geringsing biasanya digunakan saat upacara tertentu 8. Menu Simulasi Muncul serangkaian Ketika tombol gambar motif kain Simulasi diklik, akan yang bisa dipilih muncul sebuah untuk membuat motif permainan yaitu menggabungkan gabungan prembon. beberapa motif kain Tampilan seperti geringsing pada Gambar 11. 9. Menu Galery Muncul foto dan Ketika tombol menu video terkait kain Gambar 8. Motif
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