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Geology of the Stensgar Mountain Quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1679 ·

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Geology of the Stensgar Mountain Quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1679 · Geology of the Stensgar Mountain Quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1679 · Geology of the Stensgar Mountain Quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington By James G. Evans Stratigraphy and structure of the Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian rocks U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1679 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1987 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Evans, James George, 1938-- Geology of the Stensgar Mountain quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1679 Bibliography Supt. of Docs. No.: I 19.3:1679 1. Geology-Washington (State)-Stensgar Mountain Region. I. Title II. Series. QE75.B9 557.3 s 87-600282 [QE176.S7] [557.97'23] CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Geologic sum mary 2 Stratigraphy 3 Proterozoic rocks 3 Deer Trail Group 3 Introduction 3 Togo Formation 3 Edna Dolomite 3 McHale Slate 4 Stensgar Dolomite 5 Buffalo Hump Formation 6 Age and correlation 8 Windermere Group 9 Introduction 9 Huckleberry Formation 9 Gabbro and metabasalt dikes 13 Monk Formation 14 Paleozoic rocks 15 Addy Quartzite 15 Old Dominion Limestone of Weaver (1920) 15 Mesozoic rocks 16 Cataclasite 16 Fault breccia 16 Mesozoic or Tertiary dikes 16 Felsite 16 Andesite 17 Quaternary deposits 17 Glacial deposits and alluvium 17 Structure 17 Thicknesses of the formations 19 Metamorphism 20 Geologic history 21 References cited 22 PLATE [In pocket] 1. Geologic map of the Stensgar Mountain quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington FIGURES 1. Index map showing location of Stensgar Mountain quadrangle and magnesite belt 2 2. Composite section of the Edna Dolomite 4 3-7. Photographs showing: 3. McHale Slate 5 4. Stensgar Dolomite, Keystone Mine 5 5. Possible solution breccia in Stensgar Dolomite, Red Marble Quarry 5 6. Bedded quartzite in the Buffalo Hump Formation 7 7. Stretched pebble conglomerate in the Buffalo Hump Formation 7 8. Stratigraphic section of the Buffalo Hump Formation 8 9. Correlation of formations of the Deer Trail Group with the Belt Supergroup 10 10. Photograph showing conglomerate in the Monk Formation 14 11. Photograph showing the Addy Quartzite on Huckleberry Mountain 15 12. Map showing structural plates of the Deer Trail Group 18 TABLE 1. Stratigraphic thicknesses of the formations of the Deer Trail and Windermere Groups, Early Cambrian strata in the Stensgar Mountain quadrangle, and part of the Belt Supergroup near the Stensgar Mountain area 12 m Geology of the Stensgar Mountain Quadrangle, Stevens County, Washington By JAMES G. EVANS Abstract INTRODUCTION The Stensgar Mountain quadrangle contains a The Stensgar Mountain quadrangle is 70 km section of the Middle Proterozoic Deer Trail Group at north-northwest of Spokane, Wash., and 10 km west of least 4,000 m thick, a section of the Middle(?) and the town of Valley in Stevens County (fig. 1). The Late Proterozoic Windermere Group at least 1,600 m study area, which is near the middle of the thick, and Lower Cambrian strata at least 2,600 m northeast-trending "magnesite belt," was named by thick. The Deer Trail Group consists of the following Weaver (1920, p. 319) for its deposits of crystalline formations, listed from oldest to youngest: Togo magnesite. This quadrangle was chosen for study Formation, Edna Dolomite, McHale Slate, Stensgar because it contains a representative section of the Dolomite, and Buffalo Hump Formation. The overlying Middle Proterozoic Deer Trail Group. These rocks Windermere Group consists of the Huckleberry have been correlated with the Priest River Group east (conglomerate, metabasalt, metatuff) and Monk (slate, of Metaline Falls near Metaline (Becraft and Weis, conglomerate, dolomite) Formations. Gabbro and 1963, p. 16), and with the Belt Supergroup (Campbell metabasalt feeder dikes of the volcanic rocks member and Loofbourow, 1962, p. F20; Miller and Clark, 1975, of the Huckleberry Formation intruded the Deer Trail p. 18). However, the stratigraphic sequences of the Group and the conglomerate member of the Deer Trail Group and the Belt Supergroup are Huckleberry Formation causing minor contact different, and the low-grade dynamothermal metamorphism. The Lower Cambrian Addy Quartzite metamorphism undergone by the Deer Trail Group and Old Dominion Limestone were deposited contrasts with the generally unmetamorphosed unconformably over the Proterozoic assemblage. sedimentary character of most of the Belt After deposition of the Lower Cambrian units, the Supergroup. A detailed study of the Deer Trail Group section consisting of the Togo Formation through the was undertaken to improve understanding of the Addy Quartzite underwent low-grade regional stratigraphy and structure of the magnesite belt and to metamorphism, probably as a result of deep burial. clarify the relation of these rocks to the Belt The entire Deer Trail Group is enclosed in a duplex Supergroup. thrust with the Lane Mountain thrust as the floor In addition to the crystalline magnesite, the belt thrust and the S tens gar Mountain thrust as the roof contains deposits of antimony, barite, gold, lead, thrust. Contemporaneously with thrusting, the rocks silver, tungsten, uranium, and zinc. Small deposits of were subjected to low-grade dynamothermal all but tungsten and uranium are present in the metamorphism during which slaty cleavage formed in Stensgar Mountain quadrangle. the predominantly argillaceous Deer Trail Group and The first geologic map of the magnesite belt folding occurred in the Proterozoic rocks and Addy appeared in Weaver's (1920) report on the mineral Quartzite. During metamorphism, most sedimentary resources of Stevens County. Progressively more sections were thinned and bedding and older faults detailed maps of the belt were made by Bennett (1941) were rotated subparallel to the cleavage. Thrusting and by Campbell and Loofbourow (1962). Reports and dynamothermal metamorphism occurred in the accompanying these maps describe prior studies in Late Triassic to Cretaceous. The Deer Trail Group detail. Parts of the belt were later remapped by was intruded by felsic dikes in the Mesozoic or Becraft and Weis (1963, Turtle Lake quadrangle), and Tertiary and by andesite dikes, possibly in the by Campbell and Raup (1964, Hunters quadrangle). Tertiary. Pleistocene and Holocene glacial deposits Miller and Clark (1975) studied the easternmost expo­ and alluvium cover the lower elevations of the sures of the Deer Trail Group in the Chewelah-Loon quadrangle. Lake area. 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS consisting, in ascending order, of the conglomerate and volcanic rocks members of the Huckleberry Formation I greatly appreciate the ideas and comments by and the Monk Formation. Gabbro and metabasalt my Geological Survey colleagues, K.F. Fox, Jr., F.K. feeder dikes of the volcanic rocks member of the Miller, and J.W. Whipple, and by R.F. Burmester, Huckleberry Formation intrude the Deer Trail Group Western Washington University. and the conglomerate member of the Huckleberry resulting in minor low-grade contact metamorphism of the wall rocks. GEOLOGIC SUMMARY The Proterozoic section is overlain by a thick (at least 2,600 m) Lower Cambrian section consisting of The quadrangle contains a thick section (at least the Addy Quartzite and the overlying Old Dominion 4,000 m) of the Middle Proterozoic Deer Trail Group, Limestone of Weaver (1920). which consists of, from oldest to youngest, the Togo Sometime, possibly in the Paleozoic, the rocks Formation, Edna Dolomite, McHale Slate, Stensgar underwent low-grade regional metamorphism, probably Dolomite, and Buffalo Hump Formation (pl. 1). The as a result of deep burial. Subsequently, the beds were Deer Trail Group is overlain by the Middle(?) and Late tilted up to 45° sometime before the Mesozoic Proterozoic Windermere Group (at least 1,600 m), deformation. 117° CANADA 490 - -~ ---UNITED STATES---- T------~- ( _, ! ) I \ 0 Metaline I I \ I I METAUNE ) , ... 30-MINUTE I IIJADRANGLE \ STEVENS COUNlY CHEWELAH­ LOON LAKE AREA \ ) .· CLARK : (/HUNTERS- FORK I QUADRANGLE '\ QUADRANGLE I I •• 0 10 20 30 40 50 KILOMETERS ospokane Figure 1. Index map showing location of Stensgar Mountain quadrangle and magnesite belt in Stevens County, Wash. 2 Superficially, the Deer Trail Group appears to be been altered to epidote and albite. Stilpnomelane and enclosed in a duplex thrust, having the Lane Mountain sphene, probably of metamorphic origin, are locally thrust as the floor thrust and the Stensgar Mountain abundant, especially in zones parallel to bedding. fault as the roof thrust. The footwall of the Lane Allanite, carbonate, iron oxides (hematite and magne­ Mountain thrust, which is composed of the Addy tite) are accessory minerals, commonly concentrated Quartzite, indicates that the faulting must be along bedding surfaces or as a rna trix of certain beds; post-Early Cambrian. The hanging wall of the these minerals are probably of sedimentary or diagene­ Stensgar Mountain fault contains the Huckleberry tic origin. Some magnetite and pyrite form porphyro­ Formation, Addy Quartzite, and Old Dominion Lime­ blasts that postdate the principal phase of dynamo­ stone. The thrusting, which may be as young as thermal metamorphism. Cretaceous, approximately coincides with low-grade Fine- to medium-grained quartzite and quartz penetrative dynamothermal metamorphism in the Deer siltite make up less than one percent of the unit, Trail Group. forming beds and lenses 1-90 m thick; most are less Basic and felsic dikes of probable Mesozoic and than 10 m. The characteristics of the quartzite varies Cenozoic age intrude the Deer Trail Group. Quater­ widely even within an outcrop. It is white, gray, nary alluvium and glacial deposits cover much of the brown, green, pink, and red, and thin to thick bedded quadrangle. (1-1,000 mm). Most of the quartzite is pure; some of it has varying amounts of dark-gray, black, or green shaly partings and lenses as much as 6 em thick. STRATIGRAPHY Ripple marks and mud cracks, observed by Miller and Yates {1976, p.
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