Entre Cinzas E Diamantes, a Ambivalência De Uma Geração

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Entre Cinzas E Diamantes, a Ambivalência De Uma Geração UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E FILOSOFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA VINÍCIUS SANTOS DE MEDEIROS ENTRE CINZAS E DIAMANTES, A AMBIVALÊNCIA DE UMA GERAÇÃO: A trilogia da guerra de Andrzej Wajda e as representações cinematográficas da resistência polonesa (1948-1958) NITERÓI 2016 VINÍCIUS SANTOS DE MEDEIROS ENTRE CINZAS E DIAMANTES, A AMBIVALÊNCIA DE UMA GERAÇÃO: a trilogia da guerra de Andrzej Wajda e as representações cinematográficas da resistência polonesa (1948-1958) Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História Social da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre. Área de concentração: Cultura e Sociedade. Orientadora: Prof. Dra. ANA MARIA MAUAD Niterói 2016 Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central do Gragoatá M488 Medeiros, Vinícius Santos de. Entre cinzas e diamantes, a ambivalência de uma geração : a trilogia da guerra de Andrzej Wajda e as representações cinematográficas da resistência polonesa (1948-1958) / Vinícius Santos de Medeiros. – 2016. 258 f. : il. Orientadora: Ana Maria Mauad de Souza Andrade Essus. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia. Departamento de História, 2016. Bibliografia: f. 183-192. 1. Cinema. 2. Polônia. 3. Wajda, Andrzej, 1926-. 4. História. I. Essus, Ana Maria Mauad de Souza Andrade. II. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia. III. Título. VINÍCIUS SANTOS DE MEDEIROS ENTRE CINZAS E DIAMANTES, A AMBIVALÊNCIA DE UMA GERAÇÃO: A trilogia da guerra de Andrzej Wajda e as representações cinematográficas da resistência polonesa (1948-1958) Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História Social da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre. Área de concentração: Cultura e Sociedade. BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Alexandre Busko Valim Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Prof. Dra. Ana Maria Mauad Universidade Federal Fluminense Prof. Dr. Fabián Rodrigo Magioli Nuñez Universidade Federal Fluminense NITERÓI 2016 “Quando uma nação passa pela agonia, os símbolos de sua identidade ganham significado de vida ou morte. Homens e mulheres dispunham-se a arriscar tudo para pintar a âncora da ‘Polônia Combatente’ em paredes e cartazes, arrancar as placas com os novos nomes alemães das ruas ou deixar um gramofone berrando nas ruas uma gravação do proibido Chopin. O simples ato de usar uma blusa branca e uma saia vermelha constituía um perigoso ato de desafio. Recusar-se a falar alemão, ou ainda melhor, falá-lo muito mal, com um sotaque execrável, era um dever patriótico. A alma podia às vezes sorrir, ainda que o corpo estivesse acorrentado”. (Norman Davies) RESUMO Este trabalho constitui-se como uma análise sociocultural da cinematografia nacional polonesa no imediato após segunda guerra, a fim de compreender historicamente a identidade geracional da Escola Polonesa de cinema, com destaque para um de seus mais famosos diretores – Andrzej Wajda. Nesta dissertação, portanto, optei por analisar os filmes da trilogia da guerra wajdaniana, lançados na Polônia entre 1955 e 1958. Meu propósito é concretizar uma investigação das representações da resistência nacional nos três filmes, buscando oferecer uma contribuição original às reflexões sobre o cinema polonês na segunda metade da década de 1950. Para tanto, procuro analisar as políticas culturais do regime stalinista para o cinema na Polônia e seus reflexos sobre a atuação dos realizadores, que, ou se posicionaram aliados aos soviéticos, ou manifestaram sinais de oposição à sua presença na Polônia – quando muito, demonstraram certa ambivalência em suas atitudes artísticas, operando com o arcabouço estético-narrativo ora do realismo socialista, ora de cinematografias desprezadas pelo regime, como o Neorrealismo italiano. A análise da trajetória de Andrzej Wajda descortina a biografia de toda uma geração de realizadores recém- formados nas instituições cinematográficas surgidas após a guerra, assim como os seus anseios artísticos de representar em imagens e sons os efeitos catastróficos da guerra total sobre a Polônia. Uma das hipóteses definidoras desta dissertação é que o diretor Andrzej Wajda, na medida em que buscou representar em seus três primeiros filmes os temas silenciados da história polonesa recente, não somente trouxe à tona um de seus principais tabus – a resistência clandestina durante a guerra –, como também o desconstruiu e o desmonumentalizou. Em contrapartida, uma das surpresas advindas da análise fílmica e de fontes extrafílmicas foi a percepção de que Wajda, ao contrário do que supõe a memória de grupo enquadrada pelos cineastas da Escola Polonesa, em alguns momentos assumiu uma postura ambígua em relação aos preceitos da política cultural realista socialista. Eis aí outra hipótese relevante em minha argumentação: a Escola Polonesa de cinema, apesar de suas críticas ao cinema pré-guerra e, sobretudo, ao realismo socialista, foi capaz de assumir certa flexibilidade na adesão de seus conteúdos. ABSTRACT This work is built as a sociocultural analysis of the Polish National cinematography after the Second World War, in order to historically understand the generational identity of the Polish cinema school, emphysising one of it’s most famous directors – Andrzej Wajda. Therefore, I have chosen to analyze the Wajdany war trilogy movies, released in Poland between 1955 and 1958. My purpose is to consolidate an investigation of the national resistance representation on the three movies, looking to offer an original contribution to the reflections about the Polish cinema until the second half of 1950’s decade. Therefore, I try to analyze the cultural policies of the Stalinist regime to the Polish cinema and it’s reflections about the performance of the directors, that either stood allies to the Soviet or showed signs of opposition to the their presence in Poland – at most, they have shown a certain ambivalence in their artistic attitudes, working with the aesthetic and narrative framework of socialist realism, sometimes cinematography despised by the regime, such as Italian neorealism. The analysis of Andrzej Wajda’s trajectory reveals the biography of a generation of newly formed qualified directors in film institutions that emerged after the war as well as their artistic aspirations of representing images and sounds the catastrophic effects of total war over Poland. One of the defining assumptions of this dissertation is that the director Andrzej Wajda, in that it sought to represent in his first three films silenced themes of recent Polish history, not only brought up one of its main taboos - the underground resistance during the war – but also deconstructed it. In contrast, one of the surprises arising from the film analysis and outside sources was the perception that Wajda, contrary to what is supposed by the group memory of Polish school filmmakers, at times took an ambiguous stance on socialist realist cultural policy principles. Behold, another important event in my argument: the Polish school of cinema, despite it’s criticism of prewar cinema and, above all, the socialist realism, was able to take some flexibility in the accession of its contents. SUMÁRIO Introdução ................................................................................................................................... 14 CAPÍTULO 1 – As contrações de uma “mãe-pátria”: autoritarismo, cinema e memória na Polônia do após guerra ................................................................................................................ 24 1.1. A “reconstrução” da polonesidade: cultura política e cultura histórica sob a égide socialista .................................................................................................................................. 27 1.2. Traumas publicizados, tabus interrogados: a geração Escola Polonesa de cinema ..... 47 1.3. Biografia de uma geração: a trajetória de Andrzej Wajda numa Polônia ocupada ..... 65 CAPÍTULO 2 – A resistência representada: ambivalência representacional e oposição geracional na “trilogia da guerra” wajdaniana ............................................................................ 97 2.1. Sintaxe narrativa: a trilogia em palavras ou o gesto de um autor .............................. 106 2.2. O universo ficcional da trilogia da guerra ................................................................. 108 2.2.1. Um olhar neorrealista da Ocupação: o universo diegético de Geração (1955) . 108 A normalidade da vida sob a ocupação alemã e a privação gradativa da liberdade aos poloneses ....................................................................................................................... 112 Os partisans e o papel da fé cristã ................................................................................. 113 As ambiguidades da sociedade polonesa....................................................................... 115 A disforização do Exército da Pátria (AK) e a “ambivalência representacional” de Andrzej Wajda............................................................................................................... 116 2.2.2. Entre o Levante e o esgoto de Varsóvia: o universo diegético de Kanal (1957) 120 2.3. Representando os resistentes: os personagens da trilogia da guerra ......................... 136 2.3.1. Um herói realista socialista? – Wajda e Geração (1955) numa zona cinzenta . 136 1ª chave de leitura
Recommended publications
  • Heinrich Schütz Lukas-Passion Ars Nova Copenhagen, Paul Hillier DACAPO 8.226019 HEINRICH SCHÜTZ (1585-1672) Lukas-Passion SWV 480 (1666) 1 Eingang 1:34
    HEINRICH SCHÜTZ Lukas-Passion Ars Nova Copenhagen, Paul Hillier DACAPO 8.226019 HEINRICH SCHÜTZ (1585-1672) Lukas-Passion SWV 480 (1666) 1 Eingang 1:34 Lukas-Passion (1666) 2 Evangelist: Es war aber nahe das Fest der süßen Brot 14:03 Historia des Leidens und Sterbens unsers Herrn und Heilandes 3 Evangelist: Und er ging hinaus nach seiner Gewohnheit 9:17 Jesu Christi nach dem Evangelisten St. Lukas 4 Evangelist: Die Männer aber, die da Jesum hielten 3:19 5 Evangelist: Und der ganze Haufe stund ab 7:19 Evangelist: Johan Linderoth Jesus: Jakob Bloch Jespersen 6 Evangelist: Aber sie lagen ihm an mit großen Geschrei 11:09 Ars Nova Copenhagen 7 Evangelist: Da aber der Hauptmann sahe 3:54 Paul Hillier, conductor 8 Beschluß 2:07 Sopranos Total: 52:41 Louise Skovbæch Korsholm, Else Torp (Die Magd), Hilde Ramnefjell Dolva Altos Ellen Marie Brink Christensen, Rikke Lender, Linnea Lomholt (1. Schächer) Tenors Kasper Eliassen, Tomas Medici (1. Knecht, 2. Schächer), Poul Emborg (Petrus) Basses Asger Lynge Petersen (2. Knecht), Henrik Lund Petersen (Pilatus), Thomas Kiørbye Dacapo is supported by the Danish Arts Council Committee for Music HEINRICH SCHÜTZ (1585-1672) Lukas-Passion SWV 480 (1666) 1 Eingang 1:34 Lukas-Passion (1666) 2 Evangelist: Es war aber nahe das Fest der süßen Brot 14:03 Historia des Leidens und Sterbens unsers Herrn und Heilandes 3 Evangelist: Und er ging hinaus nach seiner Gewohnheit 9:17 Jesu Christi nach dem Evangelisten St. Lukas 4 Evangelist: Die Männer aber, die da Jesum hielten 3:19 5 Evangelist: Und der ganze Haufe stund ab 7:19 Evangelist: Johan Linderoth Jesus: Jakob Bloch Jespersen 6 Evangelist: Aber sie lagen ihm an mit großen Geschrei 11:09 Ars Nova Copenhagen 7 Evangelist: Da aber der Hauptmann sahe 3:54 Paul Hillier, conductor 8 Beschluß 2:07 Sopranos Total: 52:41 Louise Skovbæch Korsholm, Else Torp (Die Magd), Hilde Ramnefjell Dolva Altos Ellen Marie Brink Christensen, Rikke Lender, Linnea Lomholt (1.
    [Show full text]
  • УДК 81.33 an ARTISTIC IMAGE METAPHORICITY: CULTURAL MEMORY and TRANSLATION V.A. Razumovskaya, E.B. Grishaeva . Abstract the A
    УДК 81.33 AN ARTISTIC IMAGE METAPHORICITY: CULTURAL MEMORY AND TRANSLATION V.A. Razumovskaya, E.B. Grishaeva . Abstract The article presents a complementary semantic-semiotic analysis of an artistic image in the framework of a literary text. The analysis is followed by post-translation descriptions. Being generated and functioning within a literary text an artistic image is considered to be an extended metaphoric formation primarily destined to fulfill the aesthetic function. Particular attention is paid to the cultural information and memory embodied in a unique cultural code presented in an artistic image and closely connected with its metaphoric characteristics. The present research was conducted on the material of the “strong” text of the Russian culture – “The Master and Margarita” by M. Bulgakov. The artistic image of Bulgakov’s tom-cat Behemoth is a heterogeneous metaphoric formation combining the cultural memory of a Biblical monster Behemoth, zoo-metaphorical characteristics of a hippopotamus (as a real fauna representative) and various connotations of a black tom-cat in its real and mythological hypostases. The research methodology assumes integrated analysis combining mythopoetic, hermeneutic and comparative methods. In the situation of literary translation, a literary image can be considered as a regular unit of translation, the reconstruction of which in “other” languages and cultures requires special translator’s decisions and application of effective translation techniques and strategies. Keywords: “Strong” text; artistic image; cultural information and memory; cultural code; metaphor; aesthetic effect; intertextuality; “The Master and Margarita”; Behemoth; cognitive equivalence. Introduction Any literary text is the unique result of individual perception, image comprehension and artistic reflection of the real or fiction life.
    [Show full text]
  • Parish Library Catalogue by Categories
    Author Title pp Category Notes Anon Hymns to Christ and a concert of miniatures 124 Arts Hymns and miniatures from the first millennium Anon In Praise of Mary 110 Arts Hymns and miniatures from the first millennium Backhouse, J The Lindisfarne Gospels 92 Arts A description of the work giving details of its writing and significance with photographs Barnes, Trevor Celebrating 50 Songs of Praise years 110 Arts Beckett, Sister Sister Wendy’s Bible Treasury: Stories and 225 Arts Through splendid paintings on the subject of the characters & Wendy wisdom through the eyes of great painters events of the Bible, the author offers a calm, easily understood interpretation & also spiritual interest & nourishment Binney, M & Change & Decay: The Future of Our Churches 192 Arts A collection of essays by architectural historians and members of Burman, P eds. the clergy look at the problem of underused churches Borchgrave, A Journey into Christian Art 208 Arts ‘A treasure for the eye & the mind’ (JG) – superb reproductions of Helen de paintings from over two millennia Brown, Michelle The Lion Companion to Christian Art 445 Arts A beautifully produced and extensively illustrated book which P demonstrates the role of painting, sculpture and architecture in the spread of the Christian faith Carey, John What good are the Arts? 270 Arts Controversial look by a professor of English Literature at our preconceptions about the value of the arts Catholic A Guide to the Passion – 100 questions about 78 Arts A scene-by-scene analysis of the Mel Gibson film. Exchange,
    [Show full text]
  • Wieżowce Śmierci
    W dzisiejszym wydaniu: Z nutą wiosennego optymizmu Kibicu! Sprawdziliśmy dla Ciebie gotowość naszych klubów do startu w rewanżowej rundzie piłkarskich Nr 9(1868) Rok XXXVII 2 marca 2017 r. Cena 2,80 zł (w tym 5% VAT) rozgrywek JANÓW LUBELSKI KOLBUSZOWA MIELEC NISKO OPATÓW SANDOMIERZ STALOWA WOLA STASZÓW TARNOBRZEG www.tyna.info.pl Czytaj str. 20-21 Skazana na likwidację? Burmistrz Baranowa Sandomierskiego może być „Cyganowi” pewien, że w najbliższych wyborach nie zyska poparcia mieszkańców Knapów i Durdów. Czym się im naraził? Czytaj str. 6 brakowało fleszy Zbadają korupcję – Róbcie zdjęcia, róbcie. Brakowało mi tego błysku eszy – powitał dzienni- Spośród 9 oskarżonych osób na sali sądowej zabra- w stolicy karzy Dawid Kostecki, pseudonim Cygan, były młodzieżowy mistrz świata w kło dwóch. Jedna z nich ukrywa się przed wymiarem Tarnobrzeska prokuratura przejęła boksie. Zupełnie nie przeszkadzało mu, że fotografowany jest na korytarzu sprawiedliwości ze względu na inne śledztwo, druga jedno z głównych śledztw zaś dostarczyła zaświadczenie lekarskie, stwierdzające, sądu, ręce ma skute kajdankami, a towarzyszą mu nie „ring girls”, tylko do- że z powodu depresji nie może uczestniczyć w procesie. związanych z aferami prowadzający go na rozprawę policjanci. reprywatyzacyjnymi w Warszawie Początek posiedzenia upłynął pod znakiem wnio- Czytaj str. 4 sków formalnych, którymi zasypali sąd obrońcy i oskar- żeni. O ile większość z nich była uzasadniona (Dawid Kostecki poprosił np. sąd o odroczenie rozprawy, bo Rawfoodowa mimo składanych wniosków, nie umożliwiono mu rewolucja zapoznania się z aktami procesowymi), to były wśród nich i kuriozalne. Przykładowo jeden z adwokatów D. Rękę od ust dzieli pół metra, Kosteckiego przysłał sądowi... wykaz dni, na jakie moż- które decyduje o tym, czy na wyznaczać terminy rozpraw „bo jest bardzo zajęty”.
    [Show full text]
  • May / Maj 2000R
    WIADOMOŚCI Z BIBLIOTEKI Maj / Czerwiec 2000 W Numerze: Wajda na ustach świata. Obraz pokolenia ­ artykuł Jana Nowaka­Jeziorańskiego Trzy oblicza Brandysa Od Redakcji Podziękowania Ekslibrisy Biblioteka Polskiego Instytutu Naukowego Adam Ulam Exciting New Books Życie Kulturalne WAJDA NA USTACH ŚWIATA ! Dumni jesteśmy z naszego naj­słynniejszego reżysera filmowego, Andrzeja Wajdy, którego uhonorowano tej wiosny nawyższym filmowym odznaczeniem ­ Oskarem za całość jego pracy. Nic dziwnego że miłośnicy srebrnego ekranu uważają go za jednego z najważniejszych reżyserów w historii filmu! Osiągnięcia jego są zaiste imponujące. Wajda zrealizował 36 filmów fabularnych, ponad 30 spektakli teatralnych, kilkanaście programów telewizyjnych. Jest najbardziej znanym w świecie polskim reżyserem. Miał mnóstwo sukcesów, zdobył wiele nagród. Wśród szczególnie prestiżowych była w Canne Srebrna Palma w 1957 r. za Kanał i w 1978 r. zaCzłowieka z marmuru nagroda krytyki FIPRESCI. Popiół i diament przyniósł mu nagrodę krytyki w Wenecji w 1959 r. Andrzeja Wajdę wychował polski patriotyczny dom i szkoła. Ojciec jego był zawodowym oficerem, matka nauczycielką. Dzieciństwo spędził w prowincjonalnych garnizonowych miasteczkach. Miał zaledwie 13 lat gdy wybuchła wojna i ojciec ruszył by bronić ojczyzny. Nie zobaczył go więcej, ale dom był zawsze pełen pamiątek, jego pułkowych odznak, jego Krzyża Virtutu Militari, fotogrfii w mudurze i z szablą. W czasie okupcji Andrzej uczył się w Radomiu na tajnych kompletach. W 1942 r. złożył przysięgę swemu dowódcy w podziemiu. Matka drżała o jego życie. Wcześnie ujawniły się jego zamiłowania artystyczne i zdolności malarskie. Wnet po zakończeniu wojny miał swoją pierwszą wystawę malarską. Czas mu było wyrwać się na szerszy świat. Przeniósł się do Krakowa, gdzie rozpoczął studia malarskie na Akademii Sztuk Pięknych.
    [Show full text]
  • Pl2.006 Vc Polish Films On
    UW-Madison Learning Support Services November 20, 2019 Van Hise Hall - Room 274 SET CALL NUMBER: PL2.006 VC POLISH FILMS ON VIDEO (Various distributors) TYPE OF PROGRAM: Polish culture and civilization; films DESCRIPTION: Series of films produced in Poland. Most are in Polish and subtitled in English. AUDIENCE: Any; Polish is needed for films not subtitled FORMAT: VHS; NTSC; DVD CONTENTS CALL NUMBER 0_1_0 (0_1_0) PL2.006.090 2008. Dir. Piotr £azarkiewicz . It seems like yet another ordinary day, but the local radio station broadcasts a hurricane warning. Seven couples, seven different life stories. What they share is an accident they all witnessed. This sudden break in the weather uncovers their hidden emotions, discloses dramas and secretes... 33 Scenes from Life (33 sceny z ¿ycia) PL2.006.088 2008, dir. Ma³gorzata Szumowska.DramaThirty-something Julia seems to have it all: loving artist-parents, a talented composer-husband, and a successful career as an internationally recognized photographer. But soon the doctors are to diagnose her mother with cancer and the family will face the emotional turmoil of approaching death. 4 Nights with Anna (Cztery noce z Ann¹) PL2.006.089 2008, dir. Jerzy Skolimowski. DramaLeon, a worker at a medical waste incinerating plant, is helplessly in love with Anna, a nurse from a local hospital. His introvert behavior and psychopathic physiognomy make him a suspect for the police. His only fault is being in love; love which is weird, unusual, and existing within the sphere of unfulfilled dreams. AFTER IMAGE (Powidoki) PL2.006.125 2017, dir. Andrzej Wajda. DVD.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodily Violence and Resistance in Wojtek Smarzowski's Rose
    Article Bodily Violence and Resistance in Wojtek Smarzowski’s Rose (Róża, 2011) ELŻBIETA OSTROWSKA, University of Alberta, Canada; email: [email protected] 38 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2018-0003 BALTIC SCREEN MEDIA REVIEW 2018 / VOLUME 6 / ARTICLE ABSTRACT The article argues that Wojtek Smarzowski’s filmRose (Róża, Poland, 2011) undermines the dominant bi- gendered logic of screen death and suffering in the Polish films depicting the experience of World War II. In these films, there is a significant absence of images of female suffering and death, which is striking when compared to the abundant images of wounded and dying male bodies, usually represented as a lavish visual spectacle. This unrepresented female death serves as a ‘structuring absence’ that governs the systematic signifying practices of Polish cinema. Most importantly, it expels the female experience of World War II from the realm of history to the realm of the mythical. This representational regime has been established in the Polish national cinema during the 1950s, especially in Andrzej Wajda’s films, and is still proving its longevity. As the author argues, Smarzowski’s Rose is perhaps the most significant attempt to undermine this gendered cinematic discourse. Specifically, the essay explores the ways in which Smarzowski’s Rose departs from previous dominant modes of representation of the World War II experience in Polish cinema, especially its gendered aspect.1 Firstly, it examines how Rose abandons the generic conventions of both war film and historical drama and instead, utilises selected conventions of melodrama to open up the textual space in which to represent the female experience of historical events.
    [Show full text]
  • Andrzej Wajda'nin Kadrajindan Polonya
    TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ SLAV DİLLERİ VE EDEBİYATLARI ANABİLİM DALI POLONYA DİLİ VE KÜLTÜRÜ BİLİM DALI ANDRZEJ WAJDA’NIN KADRAJINDAN POLONYA EDEBİYATI Doktora Tezi Aybike Kılık Ankara, 2018 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ SLAV DİLLERİ VE EDEBİYATLARI ANABİLİM DALI POLONYA DİLİ VE KÜLTÜRÜ BİLİM DALI ANDRZEJ WAJDA’NIN KADRAJINDAN POLONYA EDEBİYATI Doktora Tezi Aybike Kılık Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Neşe M. Yüce Ankara, 2018 İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ……………………………………………………………………..i GİRİŞ ……………………………………………………………………………….1 I. BÖLÜM Sinema ve Uyarlama Üzerine…………………………………………………….11 II. BÖLÜM İkinci Dünya Savaşı Sonrası Polonya Sineması ………………………………...26 III. BÖLÜM Andrzej Wajda Kimdir?.........................................................................................61 III.1. Sinema Geçmişi ……………………………………………………...61 III.2. Tiyatro Geçmişi ………………………………………………….…..70 IV. BÖLÜM Romantizm Dönemi ………………………………………………………………72 IV.1. Bay Tadeusz …………………………………………………………74 IV.2. İntikam ……………………………………………………………….81 V. BÖLÜM Genç Polonya Dönemi ……………………………………………………………91 V.1. Genç Polonya Döneminde Drama ……………………………………93 V.2. Genç Polonya Döneminde Roman ……………………………………95 V.3. Düğün …………………………………………………...……………96 V.4. Vaat Edilmiş Toprak ……………………………..…………………122 VI. BÖLÜM İki Savaş Arası Dönem ………………………………………………………….139 VI.1. Wilkolu Kızlar ……………………...………………………………140 VI.2. Danton .………………………………………………………..……155 i VII. BÖLÜM Savaş Konulu Filmler ………………………………………………...…………164 VII.1. Muharebe
    [Show full text]
  • The Shoah on Screen – Representing Crimes Against Humanity Big Screen, Film-Makers Generally Have to Address the Key Question of Realism
    Mémoi In attempting to portray the Holocaust and crimes against humanity on the The Shoah on screen – representing crimes against humanity big screen, film-makers generally have to address the key question of realism. This is both an ethical and an artistic issue. The full range of approaches has emember been adopted, covering documentaries and fiction, historical reconstructions such as Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List, depicting reality in all its details, and more symbolic films such as Roberto Benigni’s Life is beautiful. Some films have been very controversial, and it is important to understand why. Is cinema the best way of informing the younger generations about what moire took place, or should this perhaps be left, for example, to CD-Roms, videos Memoi or archive collections? What is the difference between these and the cinema as an art form? Is it possible to inform and appeal to the emotions without being explicit? Is emotion itself, though often very intense, not ambivalent? These are the questions addressed by this book which sets out to show that the cinema, a major art form today, cannot merely depict the horrors of concentration camps but must also nurture greater sensitivity among increas- Mémoire ingly younger audiences, inured by the many images of violence conveyed in the media. ireRemem moireRem The Shoah on screen – www.coe.int Representing crimes The Council of Europe has 47 member states, covering virtually the entire continent of Europe. It seeks to develop common democratic and legal princi- against humanity ples based on the European Convention on Human Rights and other reference texts on the protection of individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Zur Pressekonferenz Am Montag, 30. Januar 2006
    Material zur Pressekonferenz am Montag, 30. Januar 2006 > Berlinale 2006 S. 3 > Wettbewerb S. 5 > Berlinale Special S. 9 > Internationale Jury S. 13 > Jury für den besten Erstlingsfilm S. 17 > Kurzfilme + Jury S. 19 > Goldene Ehrenbären S. 21 > Berlinale Kamera: Verleihungen 2006 S. 23 > Gäste des Offiziellen Programms und Ehrengäste S. 25 > Panorama S. 27 > Teddy Twenty Tribute S. 39 > Internationales Forum des Jungen Films S. 41 > Kinderfilmfest/14plus S. 49 > Perspektive Deutsches Kino S. 57 > Retrospektive „Traumfrauen. Stars im Film der fünfziger Jahre“ S. 61 > Selling Democracy III – Friendly Persuasion S. 65 > Berlinale Talent Campus S. 67 > European Film Market S. 75 > German Cinema S. 77 > Berlinale Co-Production Market S. 81 > World Cinema Fund S. 85 > Berlinale Kindergarten S. 87 > Publikationen + Berlinale live im TV S. 89 > Merchandising + Shuttle-Service S. 91 > Statistiken + Thematische Zuordnungen S. 93 > Die Partner der 56. Internationalen Filmfestspiele Berlin S. 97 Seite 1 von 112 56. Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin Seite 2 von 112 56. Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin Bärenschnitt Die 56. Internationalen Filmfestspiele erleben ein Interesse wie nie zuvor: Mehr als 18.000 Fachbesucher, fast 3.800 Journalisten und 520 junge Filmemacher aus über 100 Ländern werden die diesjährige Berlinale besuchen. Natürlich wird es wieder großartige Filme und bekannte Stars auf dem Roten Teppich geben, aber man kann auch neue Talente entdecken. Die Filme sind in diesem Jahr realitätsnah, sehr persönlich und politisch. Berlinale Filme in bester Tradition des Festivals, das in seinen 56 Jahren trotz allen Glitters, Glamours und Blitzlichtgewitters immer auch politisch war. Mit dem TEDDY TWENTY TRIBUTE blickt das Panorama zurück auf 20 Jahre schwul-lesbische Filmgeschichte.
    [Show full text]
  • Bdramatyczne Przestrzenie Andrzeja Wajdyb
    BDramatyczne przestrzenie Andrzeja Wajdy B ABSTRACT. Krajewska Anna, Dramatyczne przestrzenie Andrzeja Wajdy [Andrzej Wajda’s dramatic space]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 27. Poznań 2017, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 7–10. ISSN 1644-6763. DOI 10.14746/pt.2017.27.0. This editorial is an impressionistic work on Andrzej Wajda’s output, predominantly emphasising its dramatic nature. The text presents the uniqueness of Andrzej Wajda’s creative work in such diverse forms of art as if they were one – his painting metamorphosed into film, drawing into screenplay, urban space into a theatre stage. Wajda is seen here not only as a director, but also as a contemporary dramatist, who creates the dramatic space of history’s traps, who dramatises the fate of the individual, and who interprets the drama of the philosophical stage. Po śmierci Andrzeja Wajdy ukazywać się zaczęły numery specjalne licznych czasopism literackich poświęcone Jego pamięci – jednego z naj- wybitniejszych artystów związanych z Krakowem, z Polską, wpisującym się równocześnie w światową kulturę i sztukę. Wajda to polska szkoła filmowa, Wajda to współczesna historia Polski, Wajda to myślenie o dzie- jach wykraczające poza refleksję o losach własnego kraju, ku obszarom historiozofii. Wajda to znawca pamięci, czasu, przemijania. Był twórcą niezwykłym także i dlatego, że uprawiał różne rodzaje sztuk tak, jakby były jednością – malarstwo pod Jego ręką przeistaczało się w kadr filmo- wy, dialogi wynikały z tańca, rysunek przekształcał się w scenografię, przestrzeń miasta – w teatralną
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Scorsese Presents: Masterpieces of Polish Cinema Throughout North America
    INTRODUCTION In December 2011, filmmaker Martin Scorsese traveled to Poland to accept an honorary doctor- al degree from The Polish National Film, Television, and Theatre School in Łódź. There, Mr. Scors- ese met with Jędrzej Sabliński (a digital restoration expert, now with DI Factory), and reviewed a list of new digital restorations of Polish films. In the months following this visit, with the help of The Film Foundation, the two men came up with the idea of a North American tour of a series of restored Polish cinema classics. From an extensive catalogue of digitally restored films, Mr. Scorsese chose twenty-one masterpieces. The Film Foundation executive director, Margaret Bodde then worked with Mr. Sabliński to develop the program and recommended Milestone Films as the North American distributor for the series. Milestone will be touring the 21-film retrospective Martin Scorsese Presents: Masterpieces of Polish Cinema throughout North America. Premiering in New York City at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 5th, 2014, the series features films from some of Poland’s most accom- plished and lauded filmmakers, spanning the period from 1957–1987. Curated by Mr. Scorsese, each film has been digitally re-mastered and brilliantly restored on newly subtitled DCPs. The program was created and organized by Mr. Scorsese’s non-profit organization, The Film Foundation. 3 BIST, SIMPORE, TEMPORE, A STATEMENT FROM MARTIN SCORSESE Um volum, audae laccae seque natur, comnis ducienimus excest rendercillam laccupi endicit In 2011, I had the opportunity to visit the Polish National Film School in Łódź, Poland, at the atusda vitisitatur rentem vent.
    [Show full text]