Criblage Phytochimique Et Etude Des Activites Anti-Oxydantes Des Plantes Medicinales Cambodgiennes Selectionnees

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Criblage Phytochimique Et Etude Des Activites Anti-Oxydantes Des Plantes Medicinales Cambodgiennes Selectionnees ROYAUME DU CAMBODGE NATION RELIGION ROI UNIVERSITE DES SCIENCES DE LA SANTE FACULTE DE PHARMACIE Année 2011 No 74 THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE CRIBLAGE PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET ETUDE DES ACTIVITES ANTI-OXYDANTES DES PLANTES MEDICINALES CAMBODGIENNES SELECTIONNEES Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 3 septembre 2011 devant l’Université des Sciences de la Santé, Phnom Penh, Cambodge par CHANTHET Sokhadeva Née le 15 décembre 1986 à Phnom Penh Jury de la thèse : Madame TEP Rainsy Professeur Présidente Madame NAM Nivanna Professeur Membre Monsieur BUN Hot Professeur Membre Monsieur KIM Sothea Docteur Directeur Monsieur CHENG Sun Kaing Professeur Co-directeur REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens à exprimer toute ma profonde gratitude et mes sincères respects à Madame le Professeur TEP Rainsy, Doyenne de la Faculté de Pharmacie (Phnom Penh) qui m’a fait le très grand honneur d’accepter ma candidature pour la formation de D.E.S en Médicament à la Faculté de Pharmacie et d’accepter d’être Présidente du Jury de ma thèse avec beaucoup de gentillesse et de compréhension. Je suis heureuse de pouvoir vous exprimer ici ma profonde reconnaissance. Je remercie Madame le Professeur NAM Nivanna, qui m’a fait l’honeur d’avoir bien voulu accepter de juger ce travail avec un point de vue correctif, judicieux, constructif et encourageant J’adresse mes remerciements à Monsieur le Professeur BUN Hot, qui m’a fait l’honeur d’avoir bien voulu accepter de juger ce travail avec un point de vue correctif, judicieux, constructif et encourageant. Je tiens aussi à remercier Madame Sam Ying SOUN-BUN pour ses précieux conseils, ses constants encouragements, son humanisme et sa grande gentillesse. J’exprime mes plus vifs remerciements, et ma reconnaissance toute particulière et gratitude, à Monsieur le Docteur KIM Sothea, enseignant de la Faculté de Pharmacie et responsable scientifique du Laboratoire Commun de Phytochimie USSC/IRPF, pour accepter d’être directeur de ma thèse et pour l’aide précieuse et chaleureuse qu’il m’a offerte, sa grande disponibilité et ses qualités humaines. Il m'a guidé et conseillé tout au long de mes recherches grâce à ses compétences scientifiques. Je ne remercierai jamais assez à Monsieur le Professeur CHENG Sun Kaing, Chef du département de Pharmacognosie de la Faculté de Pharmacie et co-directeur du Laboratoire Commun de Phytochimie USSC/IRPF (Phnom Penh), d’accepter d’être co-directeur de ma thèse et de m’avoir accueillie au sein de son équipe avec la plus grande bienveillance pour mon travail de recherche. Il m’a aidé en toutes circonstances et fait profiter, tout au long de mon stage, de ses compétences, notamment dans le domaine passionnant de la botanique et de la pharmacognosie. Veuillez trouver dans ce travail le témoignage de ma reconnaissance, de mon admiration et de mon profond respect. I Je tiens aussi à témoigner mes plus vifs remerciements à Monsieur le Professeur YOUK Sophanna, Recteur de l’Université des Sciences de la Santé et à toute son équipe pour sa bienveillance et son impartialité. Mes remerciements vont également à Monsieur le Professeur OUM Sophal, ex-Recteur de l’Université des Sciences de la Santé pour sa bienveillance et son impartialité. Je tiens également à remercier Madame le Professeur TEA Sok Eng, ex-Doyenne de la Faculté de Pharmacie, pour m’avoir permis de suivre les formations en D.E.S du Médicament. Permettez-moi de vous exprimer ici mes profonds respects. J’adresse également mes remerciements à Monsieur Pierre FABRE et Monsieur le Professeur Jean CROS, Professeur émérite de l’Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse), ainsi qu’à la Fondation Pierre FABRE pour son soutien permanent au renouvellement des structures d’enseignement et de recherche de la Faculté de Pharmacie de Phnom Penh et pour sa générosité. En témoignage de ma profonde gratitude. Je remercie très particulièrement Monsieur Mathieu LETI et Monsieur Philippe BESSIOUD, ex-chargé et chargé de Recherche, Cambodge et Asie du Sud-Est, pour m’avoir proposé ce sujet de stage interinstitutionnel. Je garderai en mémoire ses grandes qualités humaines, sa gentillesse, son soutien moral et technique, ses conseils, ses encouragements et son amitié tout au long de mon travail. J’exprime vivement toute ma reconnaissance à Mademoiselle Natalia DROUART, ancienne V.I.E PIERRE FABRE-Médicaments, pour sa gentillesse, ses encouragements et son amitié au cours de ce travail. Je tiens à remercier Monsieur le Docteur Christophe LONG et Monsieur le Docteur Bruno DAVID pour leur gentillesse, leur soutien, leurs précieux conseils et l’aide qu’ils m’ont apportée. Je remercie beaucoup le Laboratoire Commun de Phytochimie USSC/IRPF pour m’avoir accueillie. J’adresse mes remerciements à tous mes professeurs, chefs de Département et enseignants cambodgiens de la Faculté de Pharmacie de Phnom Penh, pour leur gentillesse et leur qualité d’enseignement. II Mes remerciements vont également à tous mes professeurs de D.E.S. du Médicament de la Faculté de Pharmacie de Marseille, de Toulouse et de Phnom Penh. J’adresse également une vive pensée à Mademoiselle YOU Vanny, Mademoiselle NIRADESAY Sengchanmany, Mademoiselle DEKHIL Myriam, Monsieur TOENG Phirom, Monsieur TY Vuthy, Monsieur CHUON Vibol qui ont contribué au bon déroulement de la vie de laboratoire et ont su instaurer une ambiance de travail chaleureuse et amicale. J’adresse également mes remerciements à Mademoiselle NHIM Sovanvatey et Mademoiselle KHAY Mom avec qu’il est possible d’échanger de précieux conseils, opinions et suggestions. Ses conseils pertinents m’ont permis de mener à terme ce travail. Je tiens à remercier tous mes camarades de 28ème promotion de pharmacie, mes camarades de D.E.S du médicament de 5ème, 6ème, 7ème, 8ème promotion pour les meilleurs souvenirs et les sincères sourires que je retiendrais dans mon cœur. Je remercie également tous mes amis de l’Institut de Langues Etrangères (IFL), de lycée Preah Sisovath, de l’école primaire Preah Norodom, le tout puissant pour m’avoir donnée la force et la patience. Mes meilleurs souvenirs. En guise de reconnaissance, je dédie encore avec émotion ce travail à mon cher père, Monsieur NHEP Chanthet et à ma chère mère, Madame EANG Sakhakhan, qui m’ont toujours donné le sourire dans les moments difficiles et décourageants, qui ont toujours su raviver en moi cette flamme de l’espoir. Sans eux, je ne serai jamais arrivée jusqu'à ce niveau d’études. Mes remerciements vont également à mon cher frère, Monsieur CHANTHET Thanarat, sa femme, Madame HAK Chanthavy, et ses fils. Je tien aussi à remercier mon cher frère, Monsieur CHANTHET Thannarak. Veuillez trouver ici le témoignage des liens de fraternité durable, de mes remerciements et de ma profonde reconnaissance pour vos encouragements et votre amour. III នៅចំន ោះមុខនោករគូ អនករគូ របស់មហាវទិ ាល័យឱសថសាស្រសត និងបងបូអនរមួ វជ្ជិ ា ជីវៈ ទំងអស់ ខុំ្សូមសច្ចា ថា ៖ ១• នឹងនោរពជ្ជនិចា នូវរកមសីលធម៌ ឱសថ មិនគិតតតផលរបនោជន៍បុគគល កុនង ការរបកប វជ្ជិ ា ជីវៈឱសថ ។ ២• នឹងរបកបវជ្ជិ ា ជីវៈ នោយមនសិការ ន ើមបីសុខភាពសាធារណៈ នោយពុំនភលច នសាោះនឡើយ នូវការទទួលខុសរតូវ និងភារកិចារបស់ខួលនចំន ោះអនកជំងឺ ។ ៣• នឹងមិនយកចំនណោះ ឹង និងតួនាទីរបស់ខួលន នៅបំផ្លល ញទំននៀមទម្លល ប់ ឬ នៅបងក ឧរកឹ ឋកមមណាមួយនឡើយ ។ ៤• នឹងមិននបើកកកាយអាថ៌កំបំង ត លនគបនទុកចិតតរបប់ខុំ្ ឬ ត លខុំ្បន ឹង កុនងវជ្ជិ ា ជីវៈនៅរបប់នរណាម្លន ក់នទៀតនឡើយ ។ ៥• នឹងនោរព ឹងគុណ ល់ នោករគូ អនករគូ ត លបនខិតខំបង្ហា ត់បនរងៀនខុំ្ ។ សូម នោករគូ អនករគូ ម្លនកិតិតយសថ្ថលថាល និងនៅតតម្លនកិតិតនាមកុនងការបង្ហា ត់ បនរងៀន ។ ៦• សូមឲ្យមនុសសជ្ជតិជួយោំរទខុំ្ នបើខុំ្នោរពតាមសនា ។ សូមឲ្យសហភារតៈ ទំងអស់ របម្លថម្លក់ង្ហយខុំ្ចុោះ នបើខុំ្មិននោរពតាមសនាននោះ ។ En présence des maîtres de cette Faculté et de mes chers condisciples, je promets et je jure : 1- D’être fidèle dans l’exercice de la pharmacie aux lois de l’honneur, de la probité et du désintéressement. 2- D’exercer ma profession avec conscience, dans l’intérêt de la Santé publique, sans jamais oublier ma responsabilité et mes devoirs envers le malade et sa dignité humaine. 3- De ne jamais consentir à utiliser mes connaissances et mon état pour corrompre les mœurs et favoriser les actes criminels. 4- De ne dévoiler à personne les secrets qui m’auraient été confiés ou dont j’aurais eu connaissance dans l’exercice de ma profession. 5- Respectueux et reconnaissant envers mes maîtres, je jure d’honorer ceux qui m’ont instruit dans les préceptes de mon art et de rester digne de leurs enseignements. 6- Que les hommes m’accordent leur estime si je suis fidèle à mes promesses, que je sois méprisée de mes confrères si je manquais à mes engagements. IV ABREVIATIONS AcOEt : Acétate d’éthyle AcOH : Acétone bOH : Butanol CCM : Chromatographie sur Couche Mince DPPH : 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Et2O : Ether diéthylique KOH-Alc. : Hydroxyde de Potassium alcoolique MeOH : Méthanol Rdt : Rendement Rf : Rapport frontal USSC/IRPF : Université des Sciences de la Santé du Cambodge/Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre UV : Ultra-violet λ : Longueur d’onde V GLOSSAIRE BOTANIQUE Alterne : Feuilles attachées de part et d'autre de la tige, en des points différents Bractée : Petites feuilles accompagnant les fleurs Calice : Enveloppe extérieure de la fleur Corolle : Enveloppe interne de la fleur Cunéiforme : Tout organe en forme de coin ou en forme ondulaire Dichotomie : Scission du bourgeon terminal en deux parties Dicotylédone : Classe de végétaux supérieurs dont l'embryon possède deux cotylédons Dioïque : Plante dont les fleurs mâles et femelles se trouvent sur des individus- différents Elliptique : Forme d'ellipse ou dit d’ovale à grands côtés presque rectilignes et parallèles Embrassement : Division
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