Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust, a Registered Charity Established by Government, in 1984 When the Site Passed from MOD Ownership
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THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5th Edition (2017-22) February 2017 THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5TH EDITION 2017-22 The substantially intact 18th and early 19th century naval dockyard at Chatham, with the exceptional survival of many of its interior finishes and equipment together with its contemporary massive landward defences and associated military infrastructure, is without close parallel. Overall, no other dockyard of the heyday of the age of sail and the early period of the age of steam can compare with the scale, variety and largely complete survival of naval dockyard and military defence infrastructure found at Chatham today, including the completeness of building interiors. While a degree of commonality across European dockyards exists as a result of their similar purposes and the legalised and covert interchange of ideas and practice, Chatham is the outstanding surviving example, reflecting a huge variety of influences and ideas Comparator Significance Analysis 2013 iii THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5TH EDITION 2017-22 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Historic Dockyard at Chatham is a site of exceptional international maritime heritage significance. Encompassing an area of around 80 acres, with approximately 100 buildings and structures it was in use as a Royal Dockyard from 1613 to 1984 and is arguably the most complete Dockyard of the Age of Sail to survive in the world. It also contains a number of important later 19th Century structures. The Historic Dockyard played a highly important and significant role in supporting the Royal Navy for over three hundred years, building over 400 ships including HMS Victory, Nelson’s flagship at Trafalgar and repairing and maintaining thousands more. In that time the Royal Navy achieved and maintained an unrivalled mastery of the seas – a critical factor in the development of Britain’s global influence. The significance of the site is enhanced by its close historical associations and proximity to other historic sites, in particular those directly developed as a result of the dockyard’s existence including its defences (the Chatham Lines and Upnor Castle), the Edwardian naval barracks (HMS Pembroke) and the Georgian military barracks at Brompton. In 1998 and 2011 the Historic Dockyard was included on the UK government’s Tentative List as a potential future World Heritage Site. Detailed analysis of the site and other national and international comparators undertaken between 2010 and 2013 concluded that “ no other dockyard of the heyday of the age of sail and the early period of the age of steam can compare with the scale, variety and largely complete survival of naval dockyard and military defence infrastructure found at Chatham today, including the completeness of building interiors” iv THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5TH EDITION 2017-22 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This plan identifies why the Historic Dockyard at Chatham is significant, sets the buildings and structures in a local, regional, national and international context and provides a framework for retaining that significance in the long term whilst allowing for its ongoing management and regeneration. In respect of the Historic Dockyard estate this Plan also relates to the wider Chatham Dockyard & Its Defences Management Plan which continues to inform the conservation of the wider site. The Historic Dockyard is a site of outstanding international maritime heritage significance that played a highly important and significant role in supporting the Royal Navy for over three hundred years. Encompassing an area of 80 acres, the site contains over 100 buildings and structures, 47 are scheduled as ancient monuments, with 54 listed as Historic Buildings, eleven at Grade I, and thirty two at Grade II* The site is also designated as a Conservation Area. Today it is the world’s most complete dockyard of the age of sail The freehold of the Historic Dockyard was vested in Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust, a registered charity established by government, in 1984 when the site passed from MOD ownership. The Trust retains overall management and control of the majority of the site with two principle exceptions – long term leases have been granted to Historic Dockyard Property Ltd relating to a number of residential properties and an area of the Historic Dockyard to the north of the Mast Houses & Mould Loft has been vested in Historic Dockyard Property(2005) Ltd, both are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Trust. A key objective of the Trust is to secure a sustainable future for the site to enable it to meet its three core objectives of: Preservation – to maintain excellence in the sympathetic preservation and use of The Historic Dockyard, its buildings, ships and collections Education – to engage the most diverse audiences in learning about the significance and role of the former Royal Dockyard at Chatham Experiences –to provide an unmatched, inspirational and enjoyable experience for all users of The Historic Dockyard that exceeds their expectations The Trust’s overall strategy to achieve this, Preservation Through Reuse seeks to build sufficient earned income from the appropriate adaptation and re-use of the dockyard’s buildings and structures to enable the Trust to become financially self- sufficient on a revenue basis to secure the long term sustainability of the Historic Dockyard. This plan sets out a range of over-arching conservation policies that will underpin the Trust’s approach to the ongoing conservation and regeneration of the site. Individual assessments are provided for each significant building or structure, which, where appropriate, also include building or site specific policies. v THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5TH EDITION 2017-22 CONTENTS STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii Preface To Revised Plan iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE 8 2.1 Historical Summary 8 2.2 Literary and Artistic Associations 19 2.3 Architectural & Character Appraisal 21 2.4 Below Ground Archaeology 26 2.5 Other Issues Affecting Significance 26 3.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SITE 29 4.0 MANAGING THE SITE 48 4.1 Management Approach 48 4.2 Conservation Policies 52 5.0 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 61 5.1 Organisation & Structure 61 5.2 Strategic Corporate Plan 61 5.3 Key Conservation Objectives 61 5.4 Planned Preventative Maintenance 62 5.5 Tentative World Heritage Site 65 5.6 Liaison with Statutory Authorities 65 5.7 Review 65 vi THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5TH EDITION 2017-22 Preface To Revised Plan The first edition of the Conservation Management Plan for the Historic Dockyard was prepared in 1998. Subsequent editions in 2004, 2008 and 2011 each revised aspects of the plan, incorporating new knowledge and understanding of the site, its associations and relationships. In particular the policies and implementation sections of the plan reflect changes in the Trust’s management regime for the site following the investment of over £60m in the site’s buildings, structures, galleries and ships, including £28m funding from the National Lottery through the Heritage Lottery Fund. In 2016 The Trust agreed a new Scheduled Monument Class Consent with the Secretary of State for the Department of Culture Media & Sport introducing new arrangements for streamlined approval for routine maintenance, works and agreed repairs, all under the oversight of Historic England. The revised plan was adopted by the Trust’s Board of Management at its meeting of 16 February 2017 Richard Holdsworth Preservation & Education Director Acknowledgements CHDT acknowledge the help provided by Jonathon Coad, by Tom Foxall and Peter Kendall of Historic England and of Kathy Blackwood who contributed the visual and character appraisal brought forward from the previous editions of the Conservation Plan and Nigel Howard, of Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust. vii THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5TH EDITION 2017-22 Record of Changes & Amendments Date Change By 16 Feb 2017 5 year revision P& E Director viii THE HISTORIC DOCKYARD CHATHAM CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 5TH EDITION 2017-22 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of Plan This Conservation Management Plan identifies why the Historic Dockyard at Chatham is significant, sets the site, its buildings, and structures in local, national and international contexts, and provides a framework for its on-going preservation and management. The Plan underpins the wider Chatham Dockyard & Its Defences World Heritage Site Management Plan in respect of The Historic Dockyard estate. 1.2 Location & Extent of the Historic Dockyard The dockyard is located to the north of Chatham town centre on the southern bank of the River Medway. Occupying an area of some 32 hectares (80 acres) the yard was in continuous occupation by the Royal Navy from 1613 to 1984. The Historic Dockyard forms part of a larger assemblage of land and facilities once occupied by the Navy at Chatham that included the Ordnance Wharf and Marine Barracks to the south and the Dockyard Extension to the north. This latter part of the yard was built from 1865 to service the Steam Navy and from 1903 to provide shore- based naval barracks and training facilities. Associated with the Historic Dockyard, but not part of it, are the Chatham Lines, an important range of 18th Century fortifications, including Brompton & Kitchener Barracks and Fort Amherst, and on the opposite bank of the Medway, the Elizabethan Castle and ordnance depot at Upnor. 1.3 Ownership The freehold of the Historic Dockyard is vested in the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust, [the Trust], a Registered Charity established by government following the Dockyard’s closure in March 1984. The Trust has two core charitable objectives: To secure for the public benefit the preservation and use of the historic dockyard at Chatham in the County of Kent in a manner appropriate to its archaeological, historical and architectural importance To promote and foster for the public benefit a wide knowledge and understanding of the archaeological, historical and architectural significance of the Historic Dockyard.