Auf Dem Floß Der Medusa? Trotzkismus in Frankreich 1924 – 1939

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Auf Dem Floß Der Medusa? Trotzkismus in Frankreich 1924 – 1939 Anton Dannat: Auf dem Floß der Medusa? Trotzkismus in Frankreich 1924 – 1939 Für Paul Wentley (Widelin) Titelfotos: CGT-Gewerkschaftlerinnen der Putzfrauen auf der Volksfront-Demonstration am 14. Juli 1936 in Paris, copyright: Agence Roger-Viollet Théodore Géricault: Le radeau de la Méduse (Das Floß der Medusa); Paris, Louvre Die Arbeit erschien im August 1997 als Nummer 11 der Zeitschrift Marxismus Wien (ISBN 3-901831-07-X) und wurde nur stilistisch überarbeitet. Heute: (2017): ARKA, Postfach 62, 1152 Wien; http://www.arbeiter-innen-kampf.org/ 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungen................................................................................................................................................... 5 Vorwort............................................................................................................................................................ 9 1. Die französische Gesellschaft der zwanziger Jahre 1919 – 1931.........................................................11 Frankreich nach dem Krieg.............................................................................................................................11 Die Reparationsfrage...................................................................................................................................... 12 Der nationale Block........................................................................................................................................ 13 Das Linkskartell 1924 – 1926.........................................................................................................................15 Poincaré stabilisiert den Franc.......................................................................................................................16 Die Lage der Arbeiter.................................................................................................................................... 16 Die Spaltung von Tours.................................................................................................................................. 17 Die SFIO zwischen Kommunisten und Radikalen...........................................................................................19 Der schwierige Beginn der KP........................................................................................................................ 19 Die Spaltung der CGT..................................................................................................................................... 21 2. Die russische Opposition 1924 – 1939....................................................................................................23 Die Sowjetunion nach Lenin........................................................................................................................... 23 Die Opposition von 1923................................................................................................................................. 25 Die Leningrader Opposition 1925/26..............................................................................................................28 Die Vereinige Opposition 1926 – 1928...........................................................................................................30 Die Kollektivierung 1929/30............................................................................................................................ 34 Die Liquidierung der Opposition 1929 – 1938.................................................................................................35 Die verratene Revolution................................................................................................................................ 37 3. Das Entstehen der französischen Opposition 1924 – 1930: eine schwere Geburt..............................39 Die Bolschewisierung...................................................................................................................................... 39 Der Ausschluss Souvarines............................................................................................................................ 40 Die Ausschaltung von Rosmer und Monatte...................................................................................................43 Der Brief der 250............................................................................................................................................ 45 Der Ausschluss Treints................................................................................................................................... 46 Ein vergeblicher Einigungsversuch der Gruppe Paz.......................................................................................47 Die Gründung der Vérité................................................................................................................................. 48 Der Zusammenbruch der anderen Oppositionsgruppen.................................................................................51 Die PCF auf dem Weg zur stalinistischen Partei............................................................................................51 Exkurs 1: Die rechte Opposition, POI und PUP..............................................................................................54 4. Die Ligue Communiste 1930 – 1933: Die Krise in Permanenz...............................................................59 Die Gründung der Ligue Communiste.............................................................................................................59 Der Austritt Rosmers....................................................................................................................................... 62 Der erste Versuch einer Gewerkschaftsarbeit: Die Opposition unitaire..........................................................64 Die Gauche communiste................................................................................................................................. 67 Die Fortsetzung des Frakrionskampfes: Treint und die jüdische Gruppe........................................................70 Für die Reform der KP.................................................................................................................................... 74 Der Kampf für die Einheitsfront....................................................................................................................... 97 5. Die GBL 1934 – 1936: Eine verpfuschte Chance....................................................................................79 Die Wirtschaftskrise........................................................................................................................................ 79 Der Februar 1934........................................................................................................................................... 80 Doriot und der Mehrheits-Rayon Saint-Denis.................................................................................................83 Exkurs 2: André Ferrats Gruppe 'Que faire?'..................................................................................................88 Die Linkswende der SFIO............................................................................................................................... 92 Für die Vierte Internationale!.......................................................................................................................... 94 Die 'französische Wende'............................................................................................................................... 97 Die Bolschewiki-Leninisten in der SFIO.......................................................................................................102 Der Parteitag von Mülhausen....................................................................................................................... 105 Der Erfolg bei den JS................................................................................................................................... 107 Kampf gegen die Ausschlüsse oder für die revolutionäre Partei?................................................................114 Pivert gründet die Gauche révolutionnaire...................................................................................................116 Die Spaltung der GBL.................................................................................................................................. 118 Von der Commune zur PCI.......................................................................................................................... 121 Die Gründung der JSR und die Fusion der POI...........................................................................................122 6. Die Trotzkisten und die Volksfront 1936 – 1938: Am Rande der Arbeiterbewegung........................125 'Die französische Revolution hat begonnen'.................................................................................................125 Die spanische Revolution............................................................................................................................. 134 Die Moskauer Prozesse – die stalinistische Blutspur....................................................................................138 Die kurze Einheit der POI............................................................................................................................. 140 POI, PCI und der Niedergang der Volksfront................................................................................................144
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