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FROM SMELLS to SIGNALS the Evolution of Animal Pheromones New from Garland Science

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BIOMIMETICS FOCUS ON… PAGES OF DESIGN INSPIRED BY GENE EDITING AND INSPIRING BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES CRISPR-CAS9 EXPLAINED 48 BIOSCIENCE THE MAGAZINE OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY ⁄www.rsb.org.uk ISSN 0006-3347 • Vol 63 No 1 • Feb/Mar 2016 FROM SMELLS TO SIGNALS The evolution of animal pheromones New from Garland Science Molecular Biology of Assemblies and Machines Alasdair C. Steven, Silver Spring, MD, USA, Wolfgang Baumeister, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Germany, Louise N. Johnson, formerly Oxford University, UK and Richard N. Perham, formerly Cambridge University, UK Molecular Biology of Assemblies and Machines presents a comprehensive narrative describing the structures of macromolecular complexes and how they assemble and interact. Richly illustrated, it is written for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in biochemistry, structural biology, molecular biology, biophysics, cell biology, and microbiology, and will also appeal to those in chemistry, immunology, and medicine. Essentially all major biological activities are performed by assemblies of macromolecules (proteins, RNA, and DNA) acting in concert. These assemblies are dynamic and many are endowed with machine-like properties. This unique book explores the molecular mechanisms employed at the critical level between individual macromolecules and cells and organelles. Key Features: • Written as the go-to reference for advanced students and researchers in biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, cell biology, chemistry, structural biology, immunology, microbiology, and medicine • Covers eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal systems • Relates certain diseases to mutations or malfunctions affecting macromolecular assemblies • Uses vivid illustrations to convey the ways in which macromolecular structures assemble and how they interact with other complexes and organelles in the cell • Chapters contain boxes exploring difficult concepts in more depth and end with curated lists of references for further reading. March 2016 • Hardback • 892pp • 819 illus • 978-0-8153-4166-6 • £70.00 For more information please contact us at [email protected] www.garlandscience.com Biologist Feb Advert.indd 1 06/01/2016 11:24:40 Contents Volume 63 No 1 Feb/Mar 16 HAVE AN IDEA FOR AN ARTICLE OR INTERESTED IN WRITING FOR US? For details contact [email protected] ROYAL SOCIETY OF BIOLOGY Charles Darwin House, 12 Roger Street, London WC1N 2JU Tel: 020 7685 2550. Fax: 020 3514 3204 [email protected]; www.rsb.org.uk EDITORIAL STAFF Director of Membership, Marketing and Communications Jon Kudlick MRSB Editor Tom Ireland MRSB @Tom_J_Ireland [email protected] Books Reviews Editor Karen Patel MRSB [email protected] Chair of the Editorial Board Professor Alison Woollard FRSB Editorial Board Susan Alexander MRSB, scientific consultant Ian Blenkharn CSci CBiol FRSB, Blenkharn Environmental Cameron S Crook MRSB, consultant ecologist Dr Rajith Dissanayake AMRSB, Birkbeck, University of London Dr Catherine Duigan FRSB, Natural Resources Wales, Bangor Dr Anthony Flemming MRSB, Syngenta Professor Adam Hart FRSB, University of Gloucestershire Dr Sarah Maddocks CBiol MRSB, Cardiff Metropolitan University Dr James Poulter MRSB, University of Leeds Dr Cristiana P Velloso MRSB, King’s College London Membership enquiries Tel: 01233 504804 Architectural [email protected] solutions from the Subscription enquiries Tel: 020 7685 2556; [email protected] natural world PAGE 12 The Biologist is produced on behalf of the Royal Society of Biology by Think Publishing Ltd, Capital House, 25 Chapel Street, London NW1 5DH www.thinkpublishing.co.uk; 020 3771 7200 Art director Matthew Ball Design John Pender Production editor Sian Campbell Sub editor Kirsty Fortune IN THIS ISSUE REGULARS Publisher John Innes [email protected] 07 OPINION 20 BIOMARKERS OF HEALTH 02 WELCOME Non-member rates: £124.00 Do academic organisations Could the latest ‘peptide 04 UP FRONT ISSN 0006-3347 place too much emphasis fingerprints’ help settle Society news and views Advertising in The Biologist represents an on degree grades? debate on how diet 10 POLICY unparalleled opportunity to reach a large community of professional biologists. 12 BIOMIMETICS affects health? 32 FOCUS ON… From the Eden Project 24 INTERVIEW Gene editing For advertising information contact [email protected]; 020 7685 2556 to the Gherkin, Caroline NASA astronaut Jessica 34 MEMBERS Views expressed in this magazine are not necessarily Wood investigates Meir talks about science 37 BIOFEEDBACK those of the Editorial Board or the Royal Society of Biology. man-made structures in extreme environments 38 REVIEWS © 2016 Royal Society of Biology inspired by nature and going to Mars Books, apps and online (Registered charity no. 277981) 16 PHEROMONES 28 BOTANY 42 BRANCHES The Society permits single copying of individual articles for private study or research, irrespective of where the Tristram Wyatt sniffs out Sam Lane explains the 47 CROSSWORD copying is done. Multiple copying of individual articles how this form of animal importance of ancient 48 MUSEUM PIECE for teaching purposes is also permitted without specific permission. For copying or reproduction for any other communication evolved gardens to modern science The 30ft tapeworm purpose, written permission must be sought from the Society. Exceptions to the above are those institutions and non-publishing organisations that have an Facebook “f” Logo RGB / .ai Facebook “f” Logo RGB / .ai agreement or licence with the UK Copyright Licensing Agency or the US Copyright Clearance Center. Access TWITTER FACEBOOK BLOG WEBSITE to the magazine is available online; please see the @RoyalSocBio www.facebook.com/ blog.rsb.org.uk thebiologist.rsb.org.uk Society’s website for further details. RoyalSocBio Vol 63 No 1 / The Biologist / 1 Welcome Things are hotting up s we peer into mark a vital starting point. We now the natural world have a process – the binding around us at this commitments will come in time. What would time of year, we They have to. happen to should be seeing In this issue of The Biologist, we the first signs of a marvel with Tristram Wyatt (page these great long-anticipated 16) at the intricate chemistry minds in Aspring. Yet in December, during between mates, whether they be Christmas week, I was mowing the goats or even sea slugs, and learn today’s lawn and noticed quince blossom. how such complex signalling of Such marvels remind us how intent and desire may have evolved. competitive, exquisitely sensitive nature is to a Another gift of evolution is CV-centric changing environment. CRISPR-Cas9, a gene editing facility The warm December was put found in bacteria that can be market? down to El Niño, a warming of adapted for use in any kind of cell. the waters along the equator, Biologists have never before been influencing the jet streams. able to make targeted changes to However, it’s not all balmy winters: DNA sequences with utter in eastern Ethiopia, El Niño related precision. CRISPR-Cas9 is dryness has led to a severe drought revolutionising research and has the ALISON WOOLLARD in many areas and is expected to power to revolutionise medicine. FRSB contribute to a large scale food Read how it works and how it could Chair, Editorial Board security emergency in 2016. be used in our new Focus On of The Biologist Climate experts worry that section on page 32. dramatic alterations to the planet “Nothing in biology makes caused by anthropogenic climate sense,” said geneticist and change may interact in evolutionary biologist Theodosius unpredictable ways with natural Dobzhansky, “except in the light of phenomena such as El Niño. This is evolution.” What about applying uncharted territory. The reality of this truism to architecture? global warming is now beyond Caroline Wood (page 12) explores doubt, thanks to the perseverance how biological structures have of climatologists. inspired some of the world’s most BioPic Indeed, it was their warnings that innovative buildings. CORAL SAND led to the recent Paris accord on And, finally, how did you do at By David Maitland climate change, which achieved university? Francis Hooton’s survey Many types of marine universal agreement on plans to of Fellows of the Royal Society invertebrate can accumulate as limit global warming to less than reveals some unexpected findings ‘coral sand’ on the sea floor, 2°C. Although the Paris Agreement on page 7. What would happen to which can form a major as it stands does not include specific these great minds in today’s ultra- constituent of tropical beaches. national, binding commitments for competitive, CV-centric higher Featured in the Royal greenhouse gas reduction, it does degree market? Photographic Society’s International Images for Science 2015 exhibition. 2 / The Biologist / Vol 63 No 1 MAITLAND/RPS-SCIENCE.ORG DAVID DR Up front Society news FELLOWS NAMED IN NEW YEAR HONOURS LIST A range of Fellows of the Imperial College London, was Society, including a vet, an awarded an OBE for services ecologist and a neurologist, to bioscience. have been named in the 2016 Alastair Compston FRSB, New Year Honours list. professor of neurology at the Professor William Donachie University of Cambridge, CBiol FRSB, of the Moredun received a CBE for services Research Institute, Edinburgh, to multiple sclerosis treatment, was awarded an OBE for while Cait MacPhee FRSB, services to animal and professor of biological physics veterinary biosciences. at the University of Edinburgh, Professor Maggie Dallman
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