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TH 24 LATIN SUMMER SCHOOL 15th-19th JANUARY 2018 New Law Building, University of Sydney LEVEL 4.Y The Latin Poems of Samuel Johnson Instructor: Kathleen Riley THERE IS IN LATIN ALL THAT LIFE CAN AFFORD The Latin Poems of Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1756-57 SYDNEY LATIN SUMMER SCHOOL 2018 LEVEL 4Y (ADVANCED) Tutor: Kathleen Riley 1 TEXTS 1. Mea nec Falernae etc. 2. Adjecere Bonae etc. 3. Messia: Translation of Pope’s Messiah 4. Ad Urbanum 5. In Theatro 6. Γνῶθι σεαυτόν (Post Lexicon Anglicanum Auctum et Emendatum) 7. On Recovering the Use of his Eyes 8. Skia 9. Ad Thomam Laurence, Medicum Doctissimum 10. Translation of Euripides, Medea 190-203 11. Prayer on Losing the Power of Speech 12. In Rivum a Mola Stoana Lichfeldiae Diffluentem 13. Prayer (Summe Deus) A caricature of Johnson by James Gillray mocking Johnson for his literary criticism; he is shown doing penance for Apollo and the Muses with Mount Parnassus in the background. 2 SAMUEL JOHNSON 1709-1784 Samuel Johnson was born in 1709 in Lichfield, Staffordshire. The son of a bookseller, he rose to become one of the greatest literary figures of the eighteenth century, most famously compiling A Dictionary of the English Language. Poverty and illness followed Johnson for much of his life. He contracted scrofula (also known as the King’s Evil) as a baby, which resulted in poor hearing and eyesight and left him noticeably scarred. Johnson attended the local grammar school in Lichfield and went on to Pembroke College, Oxford. However, he was to leave after just 13 months as his parents could no longer afford the fees. In 1735, he married a widow, Elizabeth Porter, and set up a school at Edial; it failed within months. With this behind him, Johnson took one of the few remaining pupils – the soon-to-be star of the London stage, David Garrick – and walked to the capital to seek fame and fortune. Johnson worked as a hack writer for many years, writing and editing articles for Edward Cave’s Gentleman’s Magazine. He received some critical success with his early poem London (1738) and his biography of the wayward poet, Richard Savage (1744) but Johnson’s big opportunity came in 1746 with the commission to write the Dictionary. Johnson lived in 17 different places in London, but moved to Gough Square in order to work on the Dictionary, which was finally published in 1755. From then on Johnson’s fame was assured and he was known as ‘Dictionary Johnson’, although he still suffered some financial difficulty. Johnson’s written work was immense and varied. He completed a critical edition of the works of William Shakespeare and created biographies and critical appraisals of 52 English poets of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries for his Lives of the Poets. He also wrote literary criticism and was a prolific essayist, for two years being the almost sole contributor to The Rambler, as well as writing for The Idler and The Adventurer. Johnson gained a pension from George III in 1762, allowing him a more comfortable lifestyle. He could now spend more time travelling and talking: Johnson was well known for his robust character and challenging and often hilarious conversation. He was a sociable man, being a member of several Clubs and his circle of friends included the painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, the literary hostess Hester Thrale and the writer Oliver Goldsmith. Johnson’s life inspired many biographies, the most famous of which, by his great friend, the Scottish lawyer James Boswell, was published in 1791. From https://www.drjohnsonshouse.org 3 JOHNSON AS LATINIST I am not ignorant that critical objections have been made to this and other specimens of Johnson’s Latin poetry. I acknowledge myself not competent to decide on a question of such extreme nicety. But I am satisfied with the just and discriminate eulogy pronounced upon it by my friend Mr Courtenay. ‘And with like ease his vivid lines assume The garb and dignity of ancient Rome.— Let college verse-men trite conceits express, Trick’d out in splendid shreds of Virgil’s dress; From playful Ovid cull the tinsel phrase, And vapid notions hitch in pilfer’d lays; Then with mosaic art the piece combine, And boast the glitter of each dulcet line: Johnson adventured boldly to transfuse His vigorous sense into the Latin Muse; Aspired to shine by unreflected light, And with a Roman’s ardour think and write. He felt the tuneful Nine his breast inspire, And, like a master, waked the soothing lyre: Horatian strains a grateful heart proclaim, While Sky’s wild rocks resound his Thralia’s name.— Hesperia’s plant, in some less skilful hands, To bloom awhile, factitious heat demands: Though glowing Maro a faint warmth supplies, The sickly blossom in the hot-house dies: By Johnson’s genial culture, art, and toil, Its root strikes deep, and owes the fostering soil; Imbibes our sun through all its swelling veins, And grows a native of Britannia’s plains.’* * Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral character of Dr. Johnson, by John Courtenay, Esq. M. P. From Boswell’s Life of Samuel Johnson Statue of Samuel Johnson by John Bacon, St Paul’s Cathedral, London 4 1. MEA NEC FALERNAE ETC. As part of an undergraduate exercise at Oxford, these verses folow a Latin prose composition headed ‘—Mea nec Falernae / temperant vites, neque Formiani / pocula coles.’ (Horace, Odes, I.XX.) Quid mirum Maro quod digne canit arma virumque, Quid quod putidulum nostra Camoena sonat? Limosum nobis promus dat callidus haustum, Virgilio vires uva Falerna dedit. Carmina vis nostri scribant meliora poetae? 5 Ingenium jubeas purior haustus alat. Vocabulary putidulus (adj.) stinking, rotten limosus (adj.) muddy promus, i (m.) cellarer, steward haustus, us (m.) draught 2. ADJECERE BONAE ETC. As above, these undergraduate verses folow a Latin prose composition entitled ‘Adjecere bonae paulo plus artis Athenae’ (Horace, Epodes, II.ii.43). Quas natura dedit dotes, academia promit, Dat menti propriis musa nitere bonis. Materiam statuae sic praebet marmora, tellus, Saxea Phidiaca spirat imago manu. Vocabulary dos, otis (f.) gift niteo, ui, ere (adj.) to shine, glitter 5 St Aldate’s Church with Tom Tower and Part of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1800 The entrance to Pembroke College in Pembroke Square. Johnson had rooms on the second floor above the entrance, as an undergraduate in 1728. 6 3. MESSIA: TRANSLATION OF POPE’S MESSIAH This poem was made as a Christmas exercise in 1728 for Johnson’s Pembroke tutor, Wiliam Jorden. Johnson’s schoolfelow Taylor told Boswel that ‘it was first printed for old Mr Johnson, without the knowledge of his son, who was very angry when he heard of it.’ Tollite concentum, Solymaeae tollite nymphae! Nil mortale loquor, coelum mihi carminis alta Materies; poscunt gravius coelestia plectrum. Muscosi fontes, silvestria tecta, valete, Aonidesque Deae, et mendacis somnia Pindi. 5 Tu mihi, qui flamma movisti pectora sancti Siderea Isaiae, dignos accende furores! Immatura calens rapitur per saecula vates, Sic orsus—Qualis rerum mihi nascitur ordo! Virgo! virgo parit! felix radicibus arbor 10 Jessaeis surgit, mulcentesque aethera flores Coelestes lambunt animae; ramisque columba, Nuncia sacra Dei, plaudentibus insidet alis. Nectareos rores, alimentaque mitia coelum Praebeat, et tacite foecundos irriget imbres! 15 Huc foedat quos lepra, urit quos febris, adeste! Dia salutares spirant medicamina rami. Hic requies fessis; non sacra saevit in umbra Vis boreae gelida, aut rapidi violentia solis. ‘Irrita vanescent priscae vestigia fraudis,’ 20 Justitiaeque manus pretio intemerata bilancem Attollet reducis; bellis praetendet olivas Compositis Pax alma suas, terrasque revisens Sedatas niveo Virtus lucebit amictu. Volvantur celeres anni! Lux purpuret ortum 25 Expectata diu! Naturae claustra refringens Nascere, magne puer! Tibi primas, ecce! corollas Deproperat tellus, fundit tibi munera, quicquid Carpit Arabs, hortis quicquid frondescit eois. Altius, en! Lebanon gaudentia culmina tollit, 30 En! summo exultant nutantes vertice silvae. Mittit aromaticas vallis Saronica nubes, Et juga Carmeli recreant fragrantia coelum. Deserti laeta mollescunt aspera voce, Auditur Deus! ecce Deus! reboantia circum 35 Saxa sonant Deus; ecce Deus! deflectitur aether Demissumque Deum tellus capit; ardua cedrus, 7 Gloria silvarum, dominum inclinata salutet! Surgite convalles, tumidi subsidite montes! Sternite saxa viam, rapidi discedite fluctus! 40 En! quem turba diu cecinerunt enthea, vates, En! Salvator adest; vultus agnoscite caeci Divinos, surdas sacra vox permulceat aures! Ille cutim spissam visus hebetare vetabit, Reclusisque oculis infundet amabile lumen, 45 Obstrictasque diu linguas in carmina solvet. Vocabulary mulcentesque (adj.) stinking, rotten bilanx, bilancis (adj.) having two scales reboo, are to resound, re-echo convallis (f.) ravine, narrow enclosed valley permulceo, mulsi, mulsus, ere to stroke; soothe, delight hebeto, avi, atus, are to make blunt, dull, deaden Alexander Pope by William Hoare, c.1739 8 4. AD URBANUM Johnson’s first certainly known contribution to the Gentleman’s Magazine, this poem was printed in March, 1738 and signed with his initials. Addressed to the publisher, Edward Cave, in his pseudonym of Sylvanus Urban. Urbane, nullis fesse laboribus, Urbane, nullis victe calumniis, Cui fronte sertum in erudita Perpetuo viret et virebit; Quid moliatur gens imitantium, 5 Quid et minetur, sollicitus parum, Vacare solis perge Musis, Juxta animo studiisque felix. Linguae procacis plumbea spicula, Fidens, superbo frange silentio; 10 Victrix per obstantes catervas Sedulitas
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