Transcript of Oral History Recording
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TRANSCRIPT OF ORAL HISTORY RECORDING Accession number S00988 Title (372606 / VX3511) Gullett, Henry Baynton Somer ‘Jo’ (Major) Interviewer Connell, Daniel Place made 12 Stewart Street, Griffith ACT 2603 Date made 24 October 1990 Description Henry Baynton Somer 'Jo' Gullett as a major, 2/6 Battalion, interviewed by Daniel Connell for The Keith Murdoch Sound Archive of Australia in the War of 1939- 45. Soldier, member of parliament, and diplomat. Gullett was one of the handful of Australian officers at the Normandy landings. The son of Sir Henry Gullett, one of the Australian official historians of the First World War, 'Jo' Gullett was a Melbourne journalist when he enlisted in the AIF in 1939. Educated at Oxford and the Sorbonne, he had inherited an old fashioned sense of honour and duty. 'We knew England's position was very serious and that we should help her as our fathers had done. It was the order of things.' When Australian troops first went into action at Bardia, Libya, in January 1941, Gullett was there as an infantry sergeant. He was wounded in the taking of Post 11, which the Italians had stoutly defended, but rejoined his battalion in time to serve as an officer in the ill-fated Greek campaign. He later fought in New Guinea and was awarded the Military Cross for his ‘disregard of danger and [for] leadership’. In 1944 Gullett was one of the few Australian soldiers sent to Europe to take part in the British D-Day operations. He HENRY ('JO') GULLETT 2 of 32 was able to get an appointment with an infantry battalion. Soon afterwards he was made a company commander with The Royal Scots, and served with them during the further fighting until again wounded on 17 July. A staff job awaited him on his return to Australia. While others may have seen boredom and disruption in war service, Gullett found some ‘colour, music and a touch of glory in that life’. His account of his experiences, Not as duty only (1976) is a classic of Australian war literature. His part in the fighting at Bardia is depicted in Ivor Hele’s famous painting, 2/6th Battalion Attack on Post 11 at Bardia. Gullett followed in his father’s footsteps when he entered parliament in 1946; he was elected the Member for Henty. He became the Chief Government Whip (1950-55) in the Menzies’ Liberal Government. He was Australian Ambassador to Greece (1965-68), before returning to farming at ‘Lambrigg’ property, Tharwa, in the Australian Captial Territory. HENRY ('JO') GULLETT 3 of 32 Disclaimer The Australian War Memorial is not responsible either for the accuracy of matters discussed or opinions expressed by speakers, which are for the reader to judge. Transcript methodology Please note that the printed word can never fully convey all the meaning of speech, and may lead to misinterpretation. Readers concerned with the expressive elements of speech should refer to the audio record. It is strongly recommended that readers listen to the sound recording whilst reading the transcript, at least in part, or for critical sections. Readers of this transcript of interview should bear in mind that it is a verbatim transcript of the spoken word and reflects the informal conversational style that is inherent in oral records. Unless indicated, the names of places and people are as spoken, regardless of whether this is formally correct or not – e.g. ‘world war two’ (as spoken) would not be changed in transcription to ‘second world war’ (the official conflict term). A few changes or additions may be made by the transcriber or proof-reader. Such changes are usually indicated by square brackets, thus: [ ] to clearly indicate a difference between the sound record and the transcript. Three dots (…) or a double dash (- -) indicate an unfinished sentence. Copyright Copyright in this transcript, and the sound recording from which it was made, is usually owned by the Australian War Memorial, often jointly with the donors. Any request to use of the transcript, outside the purposes of research and study, should be addressed to: Australian War Memorial GPO Box 345 CANBERRA ACT 2601 HENRY ('JO') GULLETT 4 of 32 START OF TAPE ONE - SIDE A Identification: This is side one, tape one. Interview with Mr Henry Gullett, nickname 'Jo'. The date is 24th October 1990 and I am Daniel Connell the interviewer. End of identification. Right. Mr Gullett, at the beginning of the war could you tell me what you were doing and how you then proceeded to move from that into the army? Well, at the beginning of the war I was a newspaper reporter in the Melbourne Herald, a pretty junior one, too. Do you remember the night? No. The Sunday night? Yes, I do. But as a matter of fact I was at that time in camp because I was a member of what were then called the Commonwealth - the CMF - Commonwealth Military Forces and we were, the great numbers of us, purely amateur soldiers, you know. But it became obvious that war .... That we were going to have a war with Hitler and probably with Japan and I had done some previous military training. I held no rank and didn't apply for any. But, any rate, early in .... No, in '38 I think the Government decided that the various CMF units should be called up for increased training to fit them for some sort of useful service. And the battalion I belonged to was the Royal Melbourne Regiment, the 6th Battalion, and we were actually in camp. And we'd already done about a month that year but .... And we were getting then tolerably efficient of course. Not really, but at any rate, we were a handleable unit and I was in camp with them. And after not very long the government announced there would be a second AIF and we had battalion parade in the camp down there at Mount Martha somewhere, and on the sea - very pleasant. And we were asked, you know, the men were asked .... We were all asked for volunteers. And not many volunteered because that battalion was rather keen that it should enlist as a battalion and that wasn't the intention of the army at all. They wanted to build their own regiments and they were quite right in that too as things turned. At any rate ... Well, maybe we should elaborate on that later at some stage but that is an interesting remark. HENRY ('JO') GULLETT 5 of 32 Well, you know, in a volunteer home serving force you are obviously going to get men who are just keen but too old or unfit and - physically and in other respects - not up to war standards. Anyhow ... Also, perhaps with antiquated attitudes that you might want ... I don't think that applied too much. Right. At any rate, twenty-odd of us volunteered and we were sent home and told to report at a depot in Flinders Street Station the following day, which we did. And, you know .... So any rate, you asked what I was doing before and what I happened to be doing, you know, when war broke out. Of course my father was a member of cabinet and he used to speak very frankly in front of his family and we knew what was going to happen before I'd gone away to this camp. And I had a few days at home before we were asked to go - or told to go to Seymour. (5.00) Then during that period they appointed General Blamey, or the War Cabinet did, as commander of the 6th Australian Division. That was the first division raised and it was obvious of course that he was going to be commander of the whole AIF force. And I remember my father talking about that at dinner one night and my mother questioning him and he said, 'I think we are very lucky to have Blamey because', he said, 'he's partly politician you know', and he said, 'He knows that governments have not got absolute powers; they can only go so far as their people will support them in going'. He said, 'In that we're lucky in Blamey, and another respect is that he knows something about the British'. And he said, 'We've got to have someone who can stand up to the British because we don't want any force we raise broken up into small units and put under British command'. So that, of course, has nothing to do with me really. But I happen to know it purely because my father was in Menzies' war cabinet which was formed immediately. I mean, that's important that sort of ... I think it is important. Blamey was a very controversial figure before the war period, wasn't he? Well, he was I suppose. There's no doubt he was an highly efficient officer under Monash and that's where he must have learnt a great deal - and Brudenell White too. And, of course, he'd been chief of police in Melbourne at a difficult time. I, you know, knew nothing about his ... HENRY ('JO') GULLETT 6 of 32 Some sort of royal commission at one stage? I don't know anything about that. You see, I'd be too young to have taken any interest in those sort of things. But he must have maintained, well, not must have .... For him to be the choice - because he wasn't actually a member of the regular forces at that time .... There must have been some officers in the regular forces who would have expected one of their own senior people to have ..