Marian in the Levant in April
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The Potential for an Assad Statelet in Syria
THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras policy focus 132 | december 2013 the washington institute for near east policy www.washingtoninstitute.org The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessar- ily those of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. MAPS Fig. 1 based on map designed by W.D. Langeraar of Michael Moran & Associates that incorporates data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP- WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC. Figs. 2, 3, and 4: detail from The Tourist Atlas of Syria, Syria Ministry of Tourism, Directorate of Tourist Relations, Damascus. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2013 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20036 Cover: Digitally rendered montage incorporating an interior photo of the tomb of Hafez al-Assad and a partial view of the wheel tapestry found in the Sheikh Daher Shrine—a 500-year-old Alawite place of worship situated in an ancient grove of wild oak; both are situated in al-Qurdaha, Syria. Photographs by Andrew Tabler/TWI; design and montage by 1000colors. -
Profile of a Plant: the Olive in Early Medieval Italy, 400-900 CE By
Profile of a Plant: The Olive in Early Medieval Italy, 400-900 CE by Benjamin Jon Graham A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2014 Doctoral Committee: Professor Paolo Squatriti, Chair Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes Professor Richard P. Tucker Professor Raymond H. Van Dam © Benjamin J. Graham, 2014 Acknowledgements Planting an olive tree is an act of faith. A cultivator must patiently protect, water, and till the soil around the plant for fifteen years before it begins to bear fruit. Though this dissertation is not nearly as useful or palatable as the olive’s pressed fruits, its slow growth to completion resembles the tree in as much as it was the patient and diligent kindness of my friends, mentors, and family that enabled me to finish the project. Mercifully it took fewer than fifteen years. My deepest thanks go to Paolo Squatriti, who provoked and inspired me to write an unconventional dissertation. I am unable to articulate the ways he has influenced my scholarship, teaching, and life. Ray Van Dam’s clarity of thought helped to shape and rein in my run-away ideas. Diane Hughes unfailingly saw the big picture—how the story of the olive connected to different strands of history. These three people in particular made graduate school a humane and deeply edifying experience. Joining them for the dissertation defense was Richard Tucker, whose capacious understanding of the history of the environment improved this work immensely. In addition to these, I would like to thank David Akin, Hussein Fancy, Tom Green, Alison Cornish, Kathleen King, Lorna Alstetter, Diana Denney, Terre Fisher, Liz Kamali, Jon Farr, Yanay Israeli, and Noah Blan, all at the University of Michigan, for their benevolence. -
Syria, a Country Study
Syria, a country study Federal Research Division Syria, a country study Table of Contents Syria, a country study...............................................................................................................................................1 Federal Research Division.............................................................................................................................2 Foreword........................................................................................................................................................5 Preface............................................................................................................................................................6 GEOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................................................7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS....................................................................................8 NATIONAL SECURITY..............................................................................................................................9 MUSLIM EMPIRES....................................................................................................................................10 Succeeding Caliphates and Kingdoms.........................................................................................................11 Syria.............................................................................................................................................................12 -
OOT 2020: [The Search for a Middle Clue] Written and Edited by George Charlson, Nick Clanchy, Oli Clarke, Laura Cooper, Daniel D
OOT 2020: [The Search for a Middle Clue] Written and edited by George Charlson, Nick Clanchy, Oli Clarke, Laura Cooper, Daniel Dalland, Alexander Gunasekera, Alexander Hardwick, Claire Jones, Elisabeth Le Maistre, Matthew Lloyd, Lalit Maharjan, Alexander Peplow, Barney Pite, Jacob Robertson, Siân Round, Jeremy Sontchi, and Leonie Woodland. THE ANSWER TO THE LAST TOSS-UP SHOULD HAVE BEEN: phase transitions Packet 2 Toss-ups: 1. A work by Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman argues that a type of this process can be used to explain changes in the Italian birth rate. A 2005 book by Richardson and Boyd is partly named for the cultural form of this process. A work titled Unto Others attempts to explain altruistic behaviour as a result of this process. That work is critiqued in Burying the Vehicle, which emphasizes the importance of ‘replicators’ in this process. In The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins argues that this process takes place at the level of the gene. For 10 points, name this biological process, the change in heritable characteristics over time. ANSWER: evolution [accept natural selection] <GDC> 2. Susan Sontag described how the form of a film by this director ‘resists being reduced to a ‘story’’. In another film by this director, a game of Russian roulette ends anticlimactically when it is revealed that the revolver is filled with soot. This director of Smiles of a Summer Night directed another film in which the protagonist is told he is ‘guilty of guilt’. That film concerns a road trip in which Isak suffers a series of nightmares about impending death on his way to pick up an honorary degree. -
Introduction
Katherine Barymow January 9, 2017 ARC 499: Capstone Seminar Paths for Refugee Rehabilitation in the ISIS Free Zone INTRODUCTION There is little doubt that the Syrian civil war has catalyzed what experts and onlookers now consider the greatest humanitarian crisis in the 21st century. Per the UNHCR, the UN Refugee relief agency supporting refugee camps across the globe, roughly half of Syria’s 22 million pre-war population has been displaced, most which have fled to neighboring countries of Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey and beyond to seek refuge. 13.5 million of these people, whether unable to leave their homes or awaiting permission to do so, are in dire need of international support from non-for-profit relief agencies struggling to provide basic necessities of food, water, electricity and shelter (UNHCR.org). Unfortunately for these refugees, seeking shelter in foreign nations is rarely a positive experience. Refugee camps, with tents meant to house displaced peoples for a duration not to exceed two to three years, are overrun with hygienic crises, crime and suffering due to the relatively uncontrolled growth of refugee registrations and overburdening influx of peoples into camps already saturated with struggling families. In a period where developed nations have the greatest amount of access to media covering refugee issues, including photographs, videos and testimonials, even the most charitable nations in the world feel increasingly unable to provide contributions. Perhaps more tellingly, these nations are also growing increasingly ambivalent to the complex political scenarios involved in our leaders’ decisions and political savvy to truly make a difference. These worries are not without logical grounds or merit; the situation has simply grown far too complex for a non-expert to form an educated opinion about the consequences of each nation’s complex political maneuvers. -
Contemporary Problems of Social Work №3 2019
Contemporary Problems of Social Work ACADEMIC JOURNAL Vol. 5. No. 3 (19) 2019 MOSCOW CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL WORK CONTENTS Volume 5, No. 3 (19), 2019 ECONOMY ISSN 2412-5466 Sirotskiy A.A. Combination of Requirements The journal is included into the system for Information Security to Business Processes of Russian science citation index and is in Financial Credit Institutions.................. 4 available on the website: www.elibrary.ru Ziroyan M.A., Tinyakova V.I., Tusova A.E. Basic Principles and Opportunities for Adaptive DOI 10.17922/2412-5466-2019-5-3 and Imitation Modeling of Economic Processes......11 CHIEF EDITOR Frolova E.V. PEDAGOGY doctor of sociological sciences, associate professor, Russian Marilyn Maksoud, Ivanova E.Yu. State Social University, Russia Church Culture and Orthodox Music in Syria . 17 DEPUTY EDITOR Rogach O.V. SOCIOLOGY candidate of sociological sciences, Russian State Social University, Bellatrix Alicia Olvera Bernal Russia Where is Mexico’s Foreign Policy Pointing Towards? . .22 EDITORIAL BOARD Chekmarev M.A. Feber J. (PhD, University of Trnava, The Sphere of Security in the Relations Slovakia) of the Russia and Vietnam: Mirsky J. (PhD, Ben-Gurion University The Frameworks of Cooperation of the Negev, Israel) and Solutions to Problems . .30 Moore Alan Thomas (Bachelor of Hench D.Ya. Arts (Hons), M.A., leading to the NATO Bloc Policy in EU Countries.................35 Capital FM 105.3, Ireland) Nikiporets-Takigawa G.Yu. (PhD, Mohaiuddin Farzami professor, University of Cambridge, UK) US Foreign Policy About Central Asia Petrucijová J. (PhD, University of After Incident 11 September 2001 . .39 Ostrava, Czech Republic) Sarbalaev A.M. -
Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria Christopher Wade Fletcher University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria Christopher Wade Fletcher University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Geographic Information Sciences Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, Remote Sensing Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Fletcher, Christopher Wade, "Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1594. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1594 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Trade and Transport in Late Roman Syria A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Christopher Fletcher University of Arkansas Fayetteville Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology Spring 2013 Bachelor of Arts in History Fall 2013 May 2016 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council Dr. Jesse Casana Thesis Director Dr. Kenneth L. Kvamme Committee Member Dr. Wesley D. Stoner Committee Member Abstract Despite the relative notoriety and miraculous level of preservation of the Dead Cities of Syria, fundamental questions of economic and subsistence viability remain unanswered. In the 1950s Georges Tchalenko theorized that these sites relied on intensive olive monoculture to mass export olive oil to urban centers. Later excavations discovered widespread cultivation of grains, fruit, and beans which directly contradicted Tchalenko’s assertion of sole reliance on oleoculture. -
Syria, April 2005
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Syria, April 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: SYRIA April 2005 COUNTRY Formal Name: Syrian Arab Republic (Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah). Short Form: Syria. Term for Citizen(s): Syrian(s). Capital: Damascus (population estimated at 5 million in 2004). Other Major Cities: Aleppo (4.5 million), Homs (1.8 million), Hamah (1.6 million), Al Hasakah (1.3 million), Idlib (1.2 million), and Latakia (1 million). Independence: Syrians celebrate their independence on April 17, known as Evacuation Day, in commemoration of the departure of French forces in 1946. Public Holidays: Public holidays observed in Syria include New Year’s Day (January 1); Revolution Day (March 8); Evacuation Day (April 17); Egypt’s Revolution Day (July 23); Union of Syria, Egypt, and Libya (September 1); Martyrs’ Day, to commemorate the public hanging of 21 dissidents in 1916 (May 6); the beginning of the 1973 October War (October 6); National Day (November 16); and Christmas Day (December 25). Religious feasts with movable dates include Eid al Adha, the Feast of the Sacrifice; Muharram, the Islamic New Year; Greek Orthodox Easter; Mouloud/Yum an Nabi, celebration of the birth of Muhammad; Leilat al Meiraj, Ascension of Muhammad; and Eid al Fitr, the end of Ramadan. In 2005 movable holidays will be celebrated as follows: Eid al Adha, January 21; Muharram, February 10; Greek Orthodox Easter, April 29–May 2; Mouloud, April 21; Leilat al Meiraj, September 2; and Eid al Fitr, November 4. Flag: The Syrian flag consists of three equal horizontal stripes of red, white, and black with two small green, five-pointed stars in the middle of the white stripe. -
Maronite Music: History, Transmission, and Performance Practice
MUSIC Maronite Music: History, Transmission, and Performance Practice Guilnard Moufarrej University of Califomia, Merced IN MEMORY OF REVEREND LOUIS HAGE his essay discusses the music of the Maronite Church, a Christian church I based in Lebanon. It provides an overview of the chants used in religious services and examines their transmission and performance practice. The Maronites have always faced challenges to maintain their identity and pre- serve their heritage while adapting to their cultural milieu. Their religious music reflects the dichotomy between safeguarding tradition and accepting contemporary trends. Since the late nineteenth century. Maronites looking for better opportunities and political freedom have increasingly immi- grated to the New World, where they face new challenges to preserving their religious identity while assimilating to the culture of their new home- land. Therefore, this essay reaches beyond the traditional geographic boundaries of the Maronite Church in Lebanon to examine issues in the transmission of Maronite music in the diaspora. Overview of the Maronite Church The Maronite Church is a branch of the Syro-Antiochean Church and one of the earliest distinct eastern churches. The term "Maronite" derives from the monastery of Bayt Marün (House of Maron) built in the fifth century 196 MESA I ROM ES I 44 2 I 2010 in the valley of the Orontes, near Apameus, in northern Syria. Maronites believe that this monastery was built in honor of Saint Maron (d. 410), an anchorite' who lived on a mountain near Apameus; his austerity and miracles made him a celebrity.^ His followers took part in the doctrinal discussions ofthe period, which led to their persecution by other Christian sects. -
23 Contextualising Neolithic Cyrpus: Preliminary
23 CONTEXTUALISING NEOLITHIC CYRPUS: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS INTO CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CYPRUS AND THE NEAR EAST IN THE LATER NEOLITHIC Joanne Clarke Introduction that was both internally homogeneous and lacking in any It is widely held that connections between Cyprus and the clear evidence of links with contemporary mainland cultures Levant ceased around 7000 BC when the expansive world (Clarke 2003, 212). My view then was that “the absence of the Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) contracted and of any evidence for external influences [in the Ceramic dislocated into a number of smaller ‘worlds’ during the later Neolithic period] appears to have been socially prescribed Neolithic period (all dates referred to in this paper are cal rather than any real absence of contact” (Clarke 2003, 215). BC). In northern Syria and upper Mesopotamia, a dynamic As circumstantial evidence for contact between Cyprus and and continuously changing, east/west sphere of influence the mainland subsequent to the PPNB continues to accrue can be documented through the post-PPNB/ Halaf /Ubaid (Clarke 2007; see also Erikh-Rose 2004; McCartney 2007) traditions of the 7th to 5th millennia. Likewise, in the south it seems appropriate to return to the question of how Cyprus a largely disconnected, east/west sphere of influence existed, negotiated its relationships with the outside world and beginning with the Yarmoukian around 6200 BC and con- whether human agency, in the form of social identity, was tinuing into the Wadi Rabah and Chalcolithic traditions of the only factor shaping interaction. the 6th and 5th millennia. Between these two geographically delineated spheres of influence is the less well documented region of the central Levant, comprising the Syrian and Connections: What Connections? Lebanese coastal zone, the Ansariyah, Zawiyah, Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains, the Homs Gap and the Beqa’a In order for connections between Cyprus and the Levant valley (Fig. -
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001
ASOR Syrian Heritage Initiative (SHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 9 – October 6, 2014 MiChael D. Danti, Cheikhmous Ali, Jesse Casana, and Kurt W. PresCott Heritage Timeline October 5, 2014 APSA posted Syria’s Cultural Heritage: APSA-report-01 September 2014. This report includes the individual APSA reports detailed in SHI Weekly Reports 3–9. http://www.apsa2011.Com/index.php/en/apsa- rapports/987-apsa-report-september-2014.html October 3, 2014 APSA posted photos from journalist Shady Hulwe showing the total destruCtion of the Khusruwiye Madrasa and Mosque and the damage to the Khan al-Shouna in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, AnCient City of Aleppo. SHI InCident Report SHI14-054. • The New York Times published “Antiquities Lost, Casualties of War. In Syria and Iraq, Trying to ProteCt a Heritage at Risk,” by Graham Bowley. http://www.nytimes.Com/2014/10/05/arts/design/in-syria- and-iraq-trying-to-proteCt-a-heritage-at-risk.html?_r=0 October 2, 2014 APSA posted several photographs taken by Syrian journalist Shady Hulwe showing damage to the Hittite temple of the weather-god on the Aleppo Citadel in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, AnCient City of Aleppo. SHI InCident Report SHI14-039. October 1, 2014 APSA posted a video to their website showing a fire at the Great Umayyad Mosque in the UNESCO World Heritage Site, AnCient City of Aleppo. SHI InCident Report SHI14-040. http://www.apsa2011.Com/index.php/en/provinces/aleppo/great- umayyad-mosque/975-alep-omeyyades-2.html September 30, 2014 DGAM released Initial Damages Assessment for Syrian Cultural Heritage During the Crises covering the period July 7, 2014 to September 30, 2014. -
Medieval Painting in the Lebanon
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter I: History and Documentation of the Paintings 5 A. Political Factors 6 B. Religious Factors 8 1) The Maronites 8 2) The East Syrians (Nestorians) 10 3) Syrian Orthodox, West Syrians or Jacobite 10 4) The Greek Orthodox and Melchites 11 5) The Abyssinians 11 C. Effects of Climate and Geography 13 D. Commerce and Trade 14 E. Tripoli as a Center of Learning 15 F. Historical Documents and Sources 17 1) Inscriptions 17 2) The Language of the Inscriptions 17 (i) Greek Inscriptions 17 (ii) Syriac Inscriptions 18 (iii) Latin Inscriptions 19 3) Written Sources 19 Chapter II: Architecture 21 A. Architectural Styles 21 B. The Prothesis and the Diaconicon 21 1) Mar Saba, Edde, Batroun 21 2) Mar Charbel, Ma'ad 22 3) Mar Girgius, Raskida 23 C. Double-Naved Churches 23 1) Double-Naved Churches in the Lebanon 23 2) The Church with a Double Apse and a Single Nave 24 3) The Double Basilica Church 24 4) Double-Naved Churches Outside the Lebanon 25 3) The Purpose of Double-Naved Churches 26 D. Summary 28 E. Problems of Restoration and Authenticity (by Jean Yasmine) 28 Chapter III: Questions of Iconography 31 A. The Main Apse 32 1) The Majestas Domini 32 2) The Deesis 34 3) The Virgin Blachernitissa and the Burning Bush 36 4) The Cross 37 5) The Anastasis 39 (i) Mar Phocas, Amioun 39 (ii) Mart Shmuni 41 B. The Side Apses 42 1) The Enthroned Virgin with Child, the Nikopoios 42 2) The Galaktotrophousa 43 3) The Baptism 46 C.