DOCSLIB.ORG

NUCLEAR QUALITY KNOWLEDGE (NQK) Version 2 – 2013

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NUCLEAR QUALITY KNOWLEDGE (NQK) Version 2 – 2013 NUCLEAR QUALITY KNOWLEDGE (NQK) Version 2 – 2013 NQK: Cover Contents and Preface May 2013 Nuclear Quality Knowledge (NQK) Initial Version September 2011 Version 2 May 2013 NQK has been produced by the CQI Nuclear Special Interest Group. Significant effort has been made to ensure that the contents are correct and will be valuable to the reader, nevertheless, CQI accept no responsibility for negative consequences resulting from the use of NQK. NQK is published by: The Chartered Quality Institute (CQI), 2nd Floor North, Chancery Exchange, 10 Furnival Street, London, EC4A 1AB Tel: +44 (0)20 7245 6722 Fax: +44 (0)20 7245 6788 Email [email protected] Page 2 Chartered Quality Institute© NQK: Cover Contents and Preface May 2013 CONTENTS CHAPTER SECTION Cover, Contents and Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Tiers in Supply Chain 1.2 UK Nuclear - A summary 2 Background 2.1 Fundamentals 2.2 International & National Infrastructure 2.3 UK Government, Regulatory Organisation and Nuclear Industry 2.4 UK Legal and Regulatory Requirements 3 Leadership and Management 3.1 Leadership and Culture 3.2 Management systems 3.3 Key Concepts 3.4 Expectations of supply chain 3.5 Stakeholder engagement 4 Project Management 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The Gated Process for Project Management 4.3 Typical Project Quality Arrangements/Standards 4.4 Nuclear Safety Focus in Projects 4.5 Independent Nuclear Safety Assessment (INSA) 4.6 Nuclear Safety Committees (NSC) 4.7 Integrated Planning 4.8 Key Learning from Nuclear Projects – why they fail. 5 Operational Management 5.1 Introduction 5.2 People Issues, SQEP, DAP, Control and Supervision 5.3 Radiological Control and Criticality Safety 5.4 Asset Management 5.5 Operational information and documentation 5.6 Nuclear materials and Radioactive Waste 5.7 Emergency arrangements and preparedness 6 Supply Chain Management 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Globalisation 6.3 Specification 6.4 Sourcing 6.5 Post Contract Management 6.6 Product& Service Completion 6.7 Further Information 7 Product Quality Management 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Product Quality Planning 7.3 Specifications, Codes and Standards 7.4 QA grading 7.5 Special Processes 7.6 Inspection and Test 7.7 Metrology and Calibration Page 3 Chartered Quality Institute© NQK: Cover Contents and Preface May 2013 7.8 Certification 7.9 Traceabiliy 7.10 Storage, Handling, Packaging and Delivery 7.11 Non Conforming Product & Concessions 7.12 Nuclear New Build EPR 7.13 Regulatory Issues at Olkiluoto 3 7.14 Regulatory Issues at Flamanville 3 8 Knowledge and Information 8.1 Knowledge Management Management 8.2 Records Management 9 Assessment and Improvement 9.1 Assessment 9.2 Challenge 9.3 Operating Experience Feedback 9.4 Non-conformity & Event Investigation 9.5 Management Review 9.6 Bench marking 9.7 Continual improvement - Improvement programmes 10 History of UK nuclear 10.1 The six era of the UK nuclear industry 10.2 Reactors in the UK 10.3 Other licensed sites in the UK 10.4 Additional sources of information 11 International Approaches 11.1 Overview of Regulatory Approaches 11.2 USA 11.3 France Appendices 1 - Glossary 2 - NucSIG event topics correlated with NQK Chapters. Page 4 Chartered Quality Institute© NQK: Cover Contents and Preface May 2013 Preface The Nuclear Quality Knowledge (NQK) is a nuclear industry guidance document that has been written by members of the CQI Nuclear Special Interest Group (NucSIG) to complement the Chartered Quality Institute (CQI) Body of Quality Knowledge (BoQK). NQK aims to highlight the differences or nuances that a quality professional will experience on joining or supplying the nuclear sector, and which are a consequence of the special hazards and regulatory requirements that apply. This is a significant part of what is sometimes called the “Nuclear Delta”. It is not expected that you read this document from cover to cover, rather that you will use it in two ways: 1. As text for a structured course. 2. As a source for revision on a specific aspect or to dip into as you come across topics or issues during your career. This second version has been substantially rewritten; NQK is now set out in a number of Chapters, containing related topic Sections. In this way it is hoped that it provides an easier logic, and correlates more easily with International standards. In response to comments references and web links have been added in line and as endnotes to each Chapter. A single consolidated Glossary is provided as Appendix 1 to NQK. The primary format of the NQK 2013 will be as a series of PDFs, one per Chapter or other major content heading, held on the NucSIG web page. Periodically individual Chapters will be reviewed and revisions will be made; thus readers should regularly check for updates though it is anticipated that members will be advised of them through NucSIG newsletters. It is still the aim that the NQK will develop with time and use, and those of you using it are encouraged to comment with either corrections or opportunities for enhancement. In using the NQK , as with all documents referencing out to web-based information sources, we are conscious that organisations change their webs and thus you may have to use ‘search machines’ to locate such changes; please let NucSIG know of any such developments you identify. NucSIG If you are drawn to read NQK and are not a member of the CQI’s NucSIG then we would encourage you to join the group, as networking with professionals with the same or similar challenges may be found to be of even greater value than reading and self-tuition, although these are useful. Correlation of the NucSIG Past-Events with NQK Chapters is provided at Appendix 2 to NQK. Details on how to join NucSIG are to be found on the NucSIG web page Acknowledgements Thanks are given to the many members who have contributed to this document. The names of Chapter Editors and Contributors are shown on each Chapter cover sheet and listed at the end of this preface. Especial thanks are given to Iain McNair, Mike Underwood, Richard Hibbert and Susan J M Shaw who oversaw the overall document. We are grateful to many International, Governmental and industry bodies for extracts from their publications which are provided as identified and accredited in the document. Contains UK public sector information published by MOD, DECC, DEFRA, HSE/ONR, NDA and licensed under the Open Government Licence. Photographic images are reproduced by kind permission of the NDA. Page 5 Chartered Quality Institute© NQK: Cover Contents and Preface May 2013 Comments by external bodies Nuclear Institute The Nuclear Institute welcomes the second edition of the Nuclear Quality Knowledge publication. This document, compiled by experts from across the industry, enables knowledge and learning to be shared with all nuclear professionals. Office for Nuclear Regulation The ONR welcomes the CQI NucSIG’s achievement in gathering the collective experience and knowledge of its membership and publishing the Nuclear Quality Knowledge. We believe this document will help quality professionals to understand the unique requirements of the nuclear sector and how quality management principles and standards can contribute to safety in nuclear facilities. Nuclear Industries Association The Nuclear Industry Association Quality Working Group fully supports and welcomes this publication. The quality arena is growing, improving and gaining status. The high level Nuclear Industry Council, co-chaired by ministers and Lord Hutton, has a new Quality Working Group, giving greater prominence to all aspects of quality in construction, maintenance and decommissioning work. With the creation of tens of thousands of new jobs through the planned new nuclear programme it is essential that quality remains at the heart of our growing industry. Contributors Stuart Allen Sellafield Gavin Avery BAM Nuttall Alex Boughey BAe Systems Tony Colyer Sellafield John Day Sellafield Bob Dixon EDF Mark Harbor RSRL Richard Hibbert RSRL Michael Jones DSRL Michael Kelleher DNV Mark Lyons L2 Business Consulting Bob McGeary L2 Business Consulting Iain McNair Retired, formerly NII David Morgan ONR Andrew Mullinder Sellafield Vaughan Rees RSRL Phil Shaw UKAS Susan J M Shaw RSRL Mike Underwood Welsummer Quality Management Graham Watson EDF Page 6 Chartered Quality Institute© NQK : CHAPTER 1 – Introduction May 2013 Chapter 1 Introduction CONTENTS 1.1 Tiers in the Supply Chain ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 UK Nuclear – A summary ........................................................................................................ 4 The UK Nuclear Sector Principal Organisations .................................................................................. 5 Historic Perspective ............................................................................................................................ 6 The future - 2013 to 2020, Future Systems and Fusion ...................................................................... 6 Editor Iain McNair Contributors Alex Boughey, Bob Dixon, Mike Underwood Chartered Quality Institute© Page 1 NQK : CHAPTER 1 – Introduction May 2013 1.1 Tiers in the Supply Chain In writing this revision we have tried to recognise differing levels of knowledge, of each component subject, that is required at varying levels (tiers) of the supply chain. A key to understanding the supply chain requirements is to understand the terminology used in the UK nuclear sector, which may be subtly different from that used elsewhere, such as the defence
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Selection of Retrieval Techniques for Irradiated Graphite During Reactor Decommissioning - 11587
    WM2011 Conference, February 27 - March 3, 2011, Phoenix, AZ Selection of Retrieval Techniques for Irradiated Graphite during Reactor Decommissioning - 11587 D.J. Potter*, R.B. Jarvis*, A.W. Banford*, L. Cordingley*, and M. Grave** * National Nuclear Laboratory, Chadwick House, Birchwood Park, Warrington, Cheshire, WA3 6AE, UK ** Doosan Babcock, Baltic Business Centre, Gateshead, NE8 3DA, UK ABSTRACT Globally, around 230,000 tonnes of irradiated graphite requires retrieval, treatment, management and/or disposal. This waste has arisen from a wide range of reactors, predominantly from the use of graphite moderated reactors for base-load generation, but also from experimental research facilities. Much of the graphite is presently still in the reactor core while other graphite is stored in a variety of forms in waste stores. The first step in the management of this significant waste stream is retrieval of the graphite from its present location. Doosan Babcock and the UK National Nuclear Laboratory are participants in the CARBOWASTE European research project which brings together organisations from a range of countries with an irradiated graphite legacy to address the graphite waste management challenge. This paper describes the issues associated with retrieval of graphite from reactors, potential approaches to graphite retrieval and the information needed to select a particular retrieval method for a specified application. Graphite retrieval is viewed within the context of the wider strategy for the management of irradiated graphite waste streams. The paper identifies the challenges of graphite retrieval and provides some examples where modelling can be used to provide information to support retrievals design and operations. INTRODUCTION A four year collaborative European Project ‘Treatment and Disposal of Irradiated Graphite and other Carbonaceous Waste (CARBOWASTE)’ was launched in April 2008 under the 7th EURATOM Framework Programme [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Industry Council Proposals to Government for a Sector Deal
    The Nuclear Sector Deal Nuclear Industry Council Proposals to Government for a Sector Deal l Foreword The UK’s civil nuclear sector is amongst the most advanced in the world. Our global leadership status has been earnt through a record across the entire nuclear lifecycle – from enrichment, through fuel production, generation, operation, new build, research and decommissioning – and increasingly enhanced by our world class regulatory system as the country’s new build programme takes shape. Our sector is an economic powerhouse – currently equivalent in scale to aerospace manufacturing – providing tens of thousands of highly skilled jobs, driving growth in diverse regions across the UK. Our world leading research and development puts us at the forefront of waste and decommissioning, with UK companies well placed to benefit from opportunities in a global market worth £100bn. The existing fleet of nuclear power stations provides more than 20% of the UK’s electricity supply, and its low carbon, reliable baseload characteristics complement a changing energy system with a greater penetration of intermittent and variable renewable sources of generation. The combination of low carbon power sources has helped the UK reduce its carbon emissions, and will be vitally important to maintain that progress as both transport and heat become less carbon intensive, and more reliant on clean electricity in the future. The potential to build on that record is real, and the Nuclear Industry Council has worked under my leadership to present the opportunities for where greater collaboration by industry, with the right levels of facilitation from the government, can maximise that potential, and make a significant contribution to meeting the objectives set by the government in its Industrial Strategy white paper.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER Issue No. 7 September 2017
    NEWSLETTER September 2017 Issue no. 7 Nuclear Industry Group Newsletter September 2017 Contents Notes from the Chair ................................................................................... 3 IOP Group Officers Forum .......................................................................... 4 NIG Committee Elections ............................................................................ 6 Nuclear Industry Group Career Contribution Prize 2017 .......................... 7 Event – Gen IV Reactors by Richard Stainsby (NNL) ................................ 8 Event – Nuclear Security by Robert Rodger (NNL) and Graham Urwin (RWM) ......................................................................................................... 12 Event – The UK’s Nuclear Future by Dame Sue Ion ................................ 13 Event – Regulatory Challenges for Nuclear New Build by Mike Finnerty. .................................................................................................................... 15 Event – European Nuclear Young Generation Forum ............................. 18 Event – Nuclear Fusion, 60 Years on from ZETA by Chris Warrick (UKAEA), Kate Lancaster (York Plasma Institute), David Kingham (Tokamak Energy) and Ian Chapman (UKAEA) ....................................... 19 IOP Materials and Characterisation Group Meetings .............................. 25 “Brexatom” – the implications of the withdrawal for the UK from the Euratom Treaty. ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the UK's Nuclear R&D Capability
    A Review of the UK's Nuclear R&D Capability A report prepared by the Dalton Nuclear Institute, National Nuclear Laboratory and Battelle, commissioned by the Technology Strategy Board in partnership with Materials UK and Regional Development Agencies A Review of the UK's Nuclear R&D Capability A1.0 Review Executive of the summary UK's Nuclear R&D Capability A H Sherry1, P J A Howarth2, P Kearns3 and N Waterman4 Executive summary With a market valued at around • the UK’s R&D potential to develop What is clear, if the UK is to capture £600 billion for new nuclear build and exploit the technology a significant share of the nuclear and £250 billion for • the potential for UK business to energy market it must invest in those decommissioning, waste treatment make an impact in the appropriate areas of nuclear engineering where and disposal, the predicted timeframe there is existing capability and resurgence in the nuclear market • the national and global market experience, and it is perceived by the over the next 20 years could lead to opportunity for exploitation rest of the world to be strong. It must significant opportunities for UK • the potential role for public sector collaborate with other nations where businesses both nationally and intervention that adds value above it can provide world class globally in the area of nuclear and beyond that of private contributions to advanced reactor engineering and its associated investment systems and nuclear fusion power technologies. systems (ITER and DEMO), and also decide that it will not repeat the The study commissioned has been The UK has a strong historic track errors of the 1960s and 1970s by bounded to identify those record in nuclear engineering, researching every conceivable system opportunities associated with having been one of very few for producing power from nuclear technology development yielding a countries that has closed the fission and nuclear fusion.
    [Show full text]
  • NRC Collection of Abbreviations
    I Nuclear Regulatory Commission c ElLc LI El LIL El, EEELIILE El ClV. El El, El1 ....... I -4 PI AVAILABILITY NOTICE Availability of Reference Materials Cited in NRC Publications Most documents cited in NRC publications will be available from one of the following sources: 1. The NRC Public Document Room, 2120 L Street, NW., Lower Level, Washington, DC 20555-0001 2. The Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P. 0. Box 37082, Washington, DC 20402-9328 3. The National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161-0002 Although the listing that follows represents the majority of documents cited in NRC publica- tions, it is not intended to be exhaustive. Referenced documents available for inspection and copying for a fee from the NRC Public Document Room include NRC correspondence and internal NRC memoranda; NRC bulletins, circulars, information notices, inspection and investigation notices; licensee event reports; vendor reports and correspondence; Commission papers; and applicant and licensee docu- ments and correspondence. The following documents in the NUREG series are available for purchase from the Government Printing Office: formal NRC staff and contractor reports, NRC-sponsored conference pro- ceedings, international agreement reports, grantee reports, and NRC booklets and bro- chures. Also available are regulatory guides, NRC regulations in the Code of Federal Regula- tions, and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Issuances. Documents available from the National Technical Information Service Include NUREG-series reports and technical reports prepared by other Federal agencies and reports prepared by the Atomic Energy Commission, forerunner agency to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Documents available from public and special technical libraries include all open literature items, such as books, journal articles, and transactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Materials and Waste Management – RSRL Harwell Credible & Preferred Options (Gates a & B)
    Exotic Fuels, Nuclear Materials and Waste Management – RSRL Harwell Credible & Preferred Options (Gates A & B) August 2011 Exotic Fuels, Nuclear Materials and Waste Management – RSRL Harwell – Credible and Preferred Options (Gates A & B) Issue 1 Doc Ref: SMS/TS/C3-EF/RSRL/001/A-B Exotic Fuels, Nuclear Materials and Waste Management – RSRL Harwell Credible & Preferred Options (Gates A & B) August 2011 Contents Contents.......................................................................................................................2 Executive Summary .....................................................................................................3 1 Background ..........................................................................................................4 1.1 Project Objective ..........................................................................................4 1.2 Harwell Fuel, Nuclear Materials and Wastes ...............................................4 1.4 What is Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU)? .......................................................5 1.5 What are concrete-lined drums? ..................................................................5 1.6 What are contact-handled Intermediate Level Waste (CHILW) drums?.......5 1.7 Hazard Potential and Reduction?.................................................................6 2 Strategic Case......................................................................................................6 2.1 Existing Situation..........................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Benefits from Infrastructure Investment
    BENEFITS FROM INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT: A CASE STUDY IN NUCLEAR ENERGY AN IPPR TRADING LTD REPORT FOR EDF ENERGY JUNE 2012 ABOUT EDF ENERGY CONTENTS EDF Energy is one of the UK’s largest energy companies and the Executive summary ...............................................1 largest producer of low-carbon electricity, producing around one-sixth of the nation’s electricity from its nuclear power stations, 1. Introduction .......................................................3 wind farms, coal and gas power stations and combined heat and power plants. The company supplies gas and electricity to more 2. The UK’s need for a higher level of than 5.5 million business and residential customer accounts and infrastructure investment .................................5 is the biggest supplier of electricity by volume in Great Britain. The UK’s historical record on investment ............6 UK investment in infrastructure ...........................7 Investment and the economy...............................9 3. The need for investment in the UK’s electricity infrastructure .................................13 The UK’s commitment to tackling ABOUT IPPR TRADING ltd climate change ..................................................13 IPPR Trading Ltd is the consultancy arm of IPPR. Supply of electricity in a low-carbon economy ...........................................................16 IPPR, the Institute for Public Policy Research, is the UK’s leading progressive thinktank. We produce rigorous research and Demand for electricity in a low-carbon
    [Show full text]
  • R:\TEMP\Bobbi\RDD-8 3-16-04 Reprint.Wpd
    OFFICIAL USE ONLY RESTRICTED DATA DECLASSIFICATION DECISIONS 1946 TO THE PRESENT (RDD-8) January 1, 2002 U.S. Department of Energy Office of Health, Safety and Security Office of Classification Contains information which may be exempt from public release under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552), exemption number(s) 2. Approval by the Department of Energy prior to public release is required. Reviewed by: Richard J. Lyons Date: 3/20/2002 NOTICE This document provides historical perspective on the sequence of declassification actions performed by the Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies. It is meant to convey the amount and types of information declassified over the years. Although the language of the original declassification authorities is cited verbatim as much as possible to preserve the historical intent of the declassification, THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT TO BE USED AS THE BASIS FOR DECLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS without specific authorization from the Director, Information Classification and Control Policy. Classification guides designed for that specific purpose must be used. OFFICIAL USE ONLY OFFICIAL USE ONLY This page intentionally left blank OFFICIAL USE ONLY OFFICIAL USE ONLY FOREWORD This document supersedes Restricted Data Declassification Decisions - 1946 To The Present (RDD-7), January 1, 2001. This is the eighth edition of a document first published in June 1994. This latest edition includes editorial corrections to RDD-7, all declassification actions that have been made since the January 1, 2001, publication date of RDD-7 and any additional declassification actions which were subsequently discovered or confirmed. Note that the terms “declassification” or “declassification action,” as used in this document, refer to changes in classification policy which result in a specific fact or concept that was classified in the past being now unclassified.
    [Show full text]
  • INSIGHT Into Nuclear Decommissioning
    ISSUE 5 2011 INSIGHT into nuclear decommissioning Historic milestone for reactors Page 3 Investment in skills training Page 9-11 Dealing with the past. Protecting the future. 1 Contents We must spell out our 3 Reactors sealed up expectations with clarity 4-5 Magnox changes approach Mark Lesinski, the NDA’s Executive Director 6 Waste plant construction begins – Delivery, took up his newly created post 7 Fuel problem finally solved towards the end of last year, following the NDA’s 8 First steps in 40 years restructure. 9 Energy Skills Centre opens delivering in a cost-effective manner. 10 Developing a top-class workforce Working through others is key to moving forward, as well as trusting 11 £20 million research facility their expertise and judgement. 12 Uranium plant comes apart "We will exercise an appropriate level of oversight, without overkill, 13 Formal competition dialogue but essentially, allow our contractors 14 Graphite options the space to develop the best tactics to deliver our strategy and achieve 15 Shallow facility assessment the milestones – or even better, to exceed them. 16 Safety documents "This is a different working model 17 Stakeholder engagement from the past, and the changes will 18-19 Vitrification plant take time to become embedded. We are still in the process of assessing 20 Guest viewpoint precisely how this will operate in practice both for our NDA teams on the ground at site level, and on a day-to-day basis, but will be sharing º Mark Lesinski: 'Different working progress in the months ahead. model from the past' Welcome to the first "Having been part of Magnox, 2011 edition of Insight The former Managing Director working to deliver for the NDA, this of Magnox South, who has been wakes me up to the importance magazine, the NDA's involved in the nuclear sector for of being clear without being too round-up of activities more than 30 years, describes prescriptive." himself as "nuclear through and across the estate.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Risk Management Report Assystem 2018 Nuclear Risk Management Report
    1 ASSYSTEM 2018 NUCLEAR RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT ASSYSTEM 2018 NUCLEAR RISK MANAGEMENT REPORT FOREWORD This document is the sixth edition of the Assystem Nuclear Risk Management report, and the second one to be issued on an international scale, as the first years were focused on the French nuclear activities of the company. It is addressed to Christian Jeanneau, SVP Nuclear, and aims to give a long-term perspective to all Assystem employees in nuclear, who are involved in nuclear safety along with their customers and the nuclear operators. I want to thank them all for their commitment and positive contributions to nuclear safety. This report points out some achievements but also some weaknesses, which I am confident we will fix in 2019. In any case, they must be looked at as opportunities to foster our common nuclear safety culture, which is one of our first collective assets. In this report, the reader will also find some prospective ideas that might help meet some major upcoming challenges: our international development and the digitalisation of our world. Jean-François Bossu, Nuclear Risk Management Director 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 1. ASSYSTEM NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES 6 1/ Long expertise of lifecycle developments 6 2/ Various types of projects and activities 6 • Nuclear Power Plants 7 • Fuel cycle facilities 8 • Innovative and Experimental projects 8 • Defence activities 8 • Dismantling and waste management activities 9 2. NUCLEAR RISK MANAGEMENT IN 2018 10 1/ Nuclear Risk management Scope 10 2/ Commitment to nuclear development 10 • Internal approach 10 • Openness to the outside 10 • Long term commitment to nuclear 11 3/ Nuclear risk challenges 11 • Feedback and safety culture 11 • Training 11 • Radiation protection 12 • Occupational safety 14 • Regulatory watch 14 4/ Quality in nuclear 14 • Quality assurance issues 14 • Certifications 15 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Robotics For
    TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE SRS 235-F FACILITY Date Submitted: August 12, 2016 Principal: Leonel E. Lagos, PhD, PMP® FIU Applied Research Center Collaborators: Peggy Shoffner, MS, CHMM, PMP® Himanshu Upadhyay, PhD Alexander Piedra, DOE Fellow SRNL Collaborators: Michael Serrato Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management Cooperative Agreement No. DE-EM0000598 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of its contractors, subcontractors, nor their employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe upon privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any other agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. FIU-ARC-2016-800006472-04c-235 Robotic Technologies for SRS 235F TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Reactors : the First Generation
    AA shortshort HistoryHistory ofof ReactorsReactors :: TheThe firstfirst GenerationGeneration Bertrand BARRÉ Scientific Advisor AREVA Pr. Emeritus INSTN Oklo, Gabon : Generation 0 Nuclear Power – B. Barré - Garching – February 2010. - p.2 Nuclear reactors « Generations » Future Advanced Operating Nuclear Systems Reactors Reactors Pionner Facilities 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090 Generation I Generation II Generation III Generation IV Nuclear Power – B. Barré - Garching – October 2010. - p.3 Fission 1938 - 1942 1938 : Fermi plays with neutrons & U. Hahn-Meitner say «fission !» 1939 : Joliot et al. «chain reaction» 1942 : Staggs Field Nuclear Power – B. Barré - Garching – February 2010. - p.4 December 2, 1942 Prospects & Prerequisites to Renaissance – B. Barré Gassummit 2009 The 50s : Nuclear Electricity 1956 : Inauguration of Calder Hall by Elisabeth II 1951 : EBR 1 lits 4 Bulbs) 1954 : Obninsk, 5 MWe Nuclear Power – B. Barré - Garching – February 2010. - p.6 Obninsk 5 MWe NPP Calder Hall : from Opening to Decommissioning Prospects & Prerequisites to Renaissance – B. Barré Gassummit 2009 Paleontology Nuclear Power – B. Barré - Garching – February 2010. - p.8 Many Possible Combinations Fissile Material U235, Pu, U233 Fertile Material U238, Th232 Moderator D2O, Graphite, H2O, or none Fuel Composition Metal, oxide, carbide, nitride, salt, solid, liquid, suspension Fuel Geometry Cylinder, rod, pin, sphere, particle Coolant Air, H2O, D2O, CO2, He, Na, Pb Cycle Direct, indirect Nuclear Power – B. Barré - Garching – February 2010. - p.9
    [Show full text]