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Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution: Pattern, Pro Cess, and the Evidence
Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution: Pattern, Pro cess, and the Evidence Jonathan B. Losos Evolutionary biology is unusual: unlike any other science, evolution- ary biologists study a phenomenon that some people do not think exists. Consider chemistry, for example; it is unlikely that anyone does not believe in the existence of chemical reactions. Ditto for the laws of physics. Even within biology, no one believes that cells do not exist nor that DNA is a fraud. But public opinion polls consistently show that a majority of the American public is either unsure about or does not believe that life has evolved through time. For example, a Gallup poll taken repeatedly over the past twenty years indicates that as much as 40 percent of the population believes that the Bible is liter- ally correct. When I teach evolutionary biology, I focus on the ideas about how evolution works, rather than on the empirical record of how species have changed through time. However, for one lecture period I make an exception, and in some respects I consider this the most important lecture of the semester. Sad as I fi nd it to be, most of my students will not go on to become evolutionary biologists. Rather, they will become leaders in many diverse aspects of society: doctors, lawyers, business- people, clergy, and artists; people to whom others will look for guid- ance on matters of knowledge and science. For this reason, although I devote my course to a detailed understanding of the evolutionary pro cess, I consider it vitally important that my students understand why it is that almost all biologists fi nd the evidence that evolution has occurred— and continues to occur— to be overwhelming. -
The Early Tetrapod World; Laying the Foundations of the Modern Vertebrate Fauna
The Early Tetrapod World; laying the foundations of the modern vertebrate fauna. A one-day conference celebrating the career of Prof Jenny Clack FRS. 10.00 Welcome Head of Department of Zoology Session 1 Chair Per Ahlberg 10.10 Tim Smithson et al. Traquair’s lungfish from Loanhead: dipnoan diversity and tooth plate growth in the late Mississippian. 10.30 Mike Coates Same old fish: new name, new fins. 10.50 Zerina Johanson et al. Ontogenetic development of the otic region in the new model animal Leucoraja. 11.10 Coffee Session 2 Chair Tim Smithson 11.30 John Marshall Palynology – sometimes little things make a big difference. 11.50 Dave Millward Palaeogeography during Romer’s Gap and its potential influence on tetrapod terrestrialisation. 12.10 Sarah Davies et al. Early Carboniferous palaeoenvironments: uncovering the landscapes of Romer’s Gap. 12.30 Henning Blom New data from the late Devonian of East Greenland. 12.50 Lunch Session 3 Chair Marcello Ruta 2.00 Per Ahlberg New data, new insights and new problems: some thoughts about the origin of tetrapods. 2.20 Jason Anderson et al. Enigmatic tetrapod from Five Points, Ohio (Upper Carboniferous) further supports late survivorship of stem tetrapod lineages. 2.40 Angela Milner Keraterpeton, the earliest horned nectridean revisited. 3.10 Andrew Milner Two primitive trematopid amphibians from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic 3.30 Tea Session 4 Chair 3.50 Nick Fraser et al. Restoring the flat-pack skull of the Triassic protorosaur Tanystropheus. 4.10 Sophie Sanchez The life history traits of stem tetrapods 4.30 Eva Herbst et al. -
Tiktaalik: Reconstructed at Left Tetrapod Testimony
Fa m i liar Fossils Tiktaalik fossil at right and Fossil site Tiktaalik: reconstructed at left Tetrapod Testimony IMAGINE a creature that looks like a crocodile with a neck but which also has gills like a fish! The stuff of nightmares, did you say? But it is just Tiktaalik roseae – a fish-like fossil that was introduced to the year old rocks. world on April 2006 by a team of researchers led by Neil They had a pretty Shubin, Edward Daeschler and Farish Jenkins, who clear idea about uncovered this bizarre specimen. It has been hailed as what sort of being the species that blurs the boundary between fish animal they were and the four-legged tetrapods. looking for. Tiktaalik was found on Ellesmere Island, Canada, However, success not too far from the North Pole in the Arctic Circle. It has was not been described as, “a cross between a fish and a crocodile.” immediate. It took It lived in the Devonian era lasting from 417m to 354m them five separate years ago. The name Tiktaalik is the Inuktitut word for expeditions to the freshwater fish burbot (Lota lota). The name was Canada before they suggested by Inuit elders of the area where the fossil was raised the discovered. The specific name roseae holds the clue to Tiktaalik. the name of an anonymous donor and is a tribute to the Tiktaalik was dubbed a “fishapod” by Daeschler. The person. media called it a “missing link” between fish and the Tiktaalik was a fish no doubt but a special one. Its four-legged tetrapods. -
AMS112 1978-1979 Lowres Web
--~--------~--------------------------------------------~~~~----------~-------------- - ~------------------------------ COVER: Paul Webber, technical officer in the Herpetology department searchers for reptiles and amphibians on a field trip for the Colo River Survey. Photo: John Fields!The Australian Museum. REPORT of THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM TRUST for the YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE , 1979 ST GOVERNMENT PRINTER, NEW SOUTH WALES-1980 D. WE ' G 70708K-1 CONTENTS Page Page Acknowledgements 4 Department of Palaeontology 36 The Australian Museum Trust 5 Department of Terrestrial Invertebrate Ecology 38 Lizard Island Research Station 5 Department of Vertebrate Ecology 38 Research Associates 6 Camden Haven Wildlife Refuge Study 39 Associates 6 Functional Anatomy Unit.. 40 National Photographic Index of Australian Director's Research Laboratory 40 Wildlife . 7 Materials Conservation Section 41 The Australian Museum Society 7 Education Section .. 47 Letter to the Premier 9 Exhibitions Department 52 Library 54 SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS Photographic and Visual Aid Section 54 Department of Anthropology 13 PublicityJ Pu bl ications 55 Department of Arachnology 18 National Photographic Index of Australian Colo River Survey .. 19 Wildlife . 57 Lizard Island Research Station 59 Department of Entomology 20 The Australian Museum Society 61 Department of Herpetology 23 Appendix 1- Staff .. 62 Department of Ichthyology 24 Appendix 2-Donations 65 Department of Malacology 25 Appendix 3-Acknowledgements of Co- Department of Mammalogy 27 operation. 67 Department of Marine -
BOA2.1 Caecilian Biology and Natural History.Key
The Biology of Amphibians @ Agnes Scott College Mark Mandica Executive Director The Amphibian Foundation [email protected] 678 379 TOAD (8623) 2.1: Introduction to Caecilians Microcaecilia dermatophaga Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia There are more than 20 synapomorphies (shared characters) uniting the group Lissamphibia Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Integumen is Glandular Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Glandular Skin, with 2 main types of glands. Mucous Glands Aid in cutaneous respiration, reproduction, thermoregulation and defense. Granular Glands Secrete toxic and/or noxious compounds and aid in defense Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Pedicellate Teeth crown (dentine, with enamel covering) gum line suture (fibrous connective tissue, where tooth can break off) basal element (dentine) Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Sacral Vertebrae Sacral Vertebrae Connects pelvic girdle to The spine. Amphibians have no more than one sacral vertebrae (caecilians have none) Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Amphicoelus Vertebrae Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Opercular apparatus Unique to amphibians and Operculum part of the sound conducting mechanism Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Fat Bodies Surrounding Gonads Fat Bodies Insulate gonads Evolution of Amphibians † † † † Actinopterygian Coelacanth, Tetrapodomorpha †Amniota *Gerobatrachus (Ray-fin Fishes) Lungfish (stem-tetrapods) (Reptiles, Mammals)Lepospondyls † (’frogomander’) Eocaecilia GymnophionaKaraurus Caudata Triadobatrachus Anura (including Apoda Urodela Prosalirus †) Salientia Batrachia Lissamphibia -
June 2, 2016 TO
June 2, 2016 TO: Members of the Board of Regents Designated Representatives to the Board of Regents FROM: Joan Goldblatt, Secretary of the Board of Regents RE: Schedule of Meetings THURSDAY, JUNE 9, 2016 8:30 to 10:05 a.m. Petersen Room ACADEMIC AND STUDENT AFFAIRS Allen Library COMMITTEE: Regents Rice (Chair), Kritzer, Riojas, Simon *10:20 to 11:20 a.m. Petersen Room FINANCE AND ASSET MANAGEMENT Allen Library COMMITTEE: Regents Jaech (Chair), Ayer, Benoliel, Blake, Harrell 11:45 a.m. Petersen Room REGULAR MEETING OF BOARD OF Allen Library REGENTS: Regents Shanahan (Chair), Ayer, Benoliel, Blake, Harrell, Jaech, Kritzer, Rice, Riojas, Simon *or upon conclusion of the previous session. Unless otherwise indicated, committee meetings of the Board of Regents will run consecutively; starting times following the first committee are estimates only. If a session ends earlier than expected, the next scheduled session may convene immediately. Committee meetings may be attended by all members of the Board of Regents and all members may participate. To request disability accommodation, contact the Disability Services Office at: 206.543.6450 (voice), 206.543.6452 (TTY), 206.685.7264 (fax), or email at [email protected]. The University of Washington makes every effort to honor disability accommodation requests. Requests can be responded to most effectively if received as far in advance of the event as possible. 1.1/206-16 6/9/16 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BOARD OF REGENTS Academic and Student Affairs Committee Regents Rice (Chair), Kritzer, Riojas, Simon June 9, 2016 8:30 to 10:05 a.m. Petersen Room, Allen Library Approval of Minutes of Committee Meeting on May 12, 2016 COMMITTEE ACTION 1. -
The Fish That Crawled out of the Water
Published online 5 April 2006 | Nature | doi:10.1038/news060403-7 News The fish that crawled out of the water A newly found fossil links fish to land-lubbers. Rex Dalton A crucial fossil that shows how animals crawled out from the water, evolving from fish into land-loving animals, has been found in Canada. The creature, described today in Nature1,2, lived some 375 million years ago. Palaeontologists are calling the specimen from the Devonian a true 'missing link', as it helps to fill in a gap in our understanding of how fish developed legs for land mobility, before eventually evolving into modern animals including mankind. Several samples of the fish-like tetrapod, named Tiktaalik roseae, were “Tetrapods did not so much discovered by Edward Daeschler of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Neil Shubin of the University of Chicago in conquer the land, The fossilized remains of as escape from the Illinois, Farish Jenkins of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts Tiktaalik show a crocodile-like water.” and colleagues. creature with joints in its front arms. The crew found the samples in a river delta on Ellesmere Island in Arctic credit Ted Daeschler Canada; these included a near-complete front half of a fossilized skeleton of a crocodile-like creature, whose skull is some 20 centimetres long. The beast has bony scales and fins, but the front fins are on their way to becoming limbs; they have the internal skeletal structure of an arm, including elbows and wrists, but with fins instead of clear fingers. The team is still looking for more complete specimens to get a better picture of hind part of the animal. -
Cape Range National Park
Cape Range National Park Management Plan No 65 2010 R N V E M E O N G T E O H F T W A E I S L T A E R R N A U S T CAPE RANGE NATIONAL PARK Management Plan 2010 Department of Environment and Conservation Conservation Commission of Western Australia VISION By 2020, the park and the Ningaloo Marine Park will be formally recognised amongst the world’s most valuable conservation and nature based tourism icons. The conservation values of the park will be in better condition than at present. This will have been achieved by reducing stress on ecosystems to promote their natural resilience, and facilitating sustainable visitor use. In particular, those values that are not found or are uncommon elsewhere will have been conserved, and their special conservation significance will be recognised by the local community and visitors. The park will continue to support a wide range of nature-based recreational activities with a focus on preserving the remote and natural character of the region. Visitors will continue to enjoy the park, either as day visitors from Exmouth or by camping in the park itself at one of the high quality camping areas. The local community will identify with the park and the adjacent Ningaloo Marine Park, and recognise that its values are of international significance. An increasing number of community members will support and want to be involved in its ongoing management. The Indigenous heritage of the park will be preserved by the ongoing involvement of the traditional custodians, who will have a critical and active role in jointly managing the cultural and conservation values of the park. -
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria -
<Article-Title>Your Inner Fish
ELIZABETHCOWLES, DEPARTMENT EDITOR We are happy to welcomeABM new Book ReviewsEditor, ElizabethCowles. ANIMAL EVOLUTION describeshis evolutionfrom "wetbehind the ears"novice to world famous,verte- R brate variousfield YourInner Fish: A Into the 3.5- paleontologist.Noting Journey he shares lessons Billion-Year of the Human experiences, important History Body. he has learned the He details Neil Shubin. 2008. Pantheon Books. along way. By from the to find- 240 Hardcover. everystep, planning trip (ISBN0375424474). pp. fossils to the $24.00. ing requiredpost-expedi- tion lab work. Of course, Shubin'smost In April2006, an above-the-foldstory impressive,logistically difficult expedition B on the front page of TheNew YorkTimes to date involvedfinding, unearthing, and introducedthe world to the fossilTiktaalik. extractingTiktaalik and thatreceives early, Composed of featuresthat are part fish prominenttreatment. Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/70/5/308/54744/30163281.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 and Tiktaalikwas held part amphibian, But the real of this book is as an link"in ter- triumph up important"missing the ease with which Shubin the restrialvertebrate evolution. The fossiland plucks same in different its Dr. Neil were thus string many ways-name- discoverer, Shubin, that whatever thrust into the currentdebate ly, through organ system headlong or scientific lens it is on the of evolutionin the biol- analyzed viewed, teaching clearthat within fish areantecedents to all classroom.Shubin has on ogy capitalized limbed vertebrates.In discrete the fame the of chapters, accompanying discovery the evolution of terres- Tiktaalikto his firstbook YourInner Shubin explores pen trial ears,teeth, limbs, and chemore- Fish: A Journey Into the 3.5-Billion-Year eyes, ceptors from structureswithin fish (and History of the HumanBody. -
Center for Systematic Biology & Evolution
CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY & EVOLUTION 2008 ACTIVITY REPORT BY THE NUMBERS Research Visitors ....................... 253 Student Visitors.......................... 230 Other Visitors.......................... 1,596 TOTAL....................... 2,079 Outgoing Loans.......................... 535 Specimens/Lots Loaned........... 6,851 Information Requests .............. 1,294 FIELD WORK Botany - Uruguay Diatoms – Russia (Commander Islands, Kamchatka, Magdan) Entomology – Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Lesotho, Minnesota, Mississippi, Mongolia, Namibia, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Africa, Tennessee LMSE – Zambia Ornithology – Alaska, England Vertebrate Paleontology – Canada (Nunavut Territory), Pennsylvania PROPOSALS BOTANY . Digitization of Latin American, African and other type specimens of plants at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Global Plants Initiative (GPI), Mellon Foundation Award. DIATOMS . Algal Research and Ecologival Synthesis for the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program Cooperative Agreement 3. Co-PI with Don Charles (Patrick Center for Environmental Research, Phycology). Collaborative Research on Ecosystem Monitoring in the Russian Northern Far-East, Trust for Mutual Understanding Grant. CSBE Activity Report - 2008 . Diatoms of the Northcentral Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Wild Rescue Conservation Grant. Renovation and Computerization of the Diatom Herbarium at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, National -
Phylogeny of Basal Tetrapoda
Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Tetrapoda The group of bony fishes that gave rise to land-dwelling vertebrates and their descendants (Tetrapoda, or colloquially, “tetrapods”) was the lobe-finned fishes, or Sarcopterygii. Sarcoptrygii includes coelacanths (which retain one living form, Latimeria), lungfish, and crossopterygians. The transition from sarcopterygian fishes to stem tetrapods proceeded through a series of groups – not all of which are included here. There was no sharp and distinct transition, rather it was a continuum from very tetrapod-like fishes to very fish-like tetrapods. SARCOPTERYGII – THE LOBE-FINNED FISHES Includes •Actinista (including Coelacanths) •Dipnoi (lungfishes) •Crossopterygii Crossopterygians include “tetrapods” – 4- legged land-dwelling vertebrates. The Actinista date back to the Devonian. They have very well developed lobed-fins. There remains one livnig representative of the group, the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae. A lungfish The Crossopterygii include numerous representatives, the best known of which include Eusthenopteron (pictured here) and Panderichthyes. Panderichthyids were the most tetrapod-like of the sarcopterygian fishes. Panderichthyes – note the lack of dorsal fine, but retention of tail fin. Coelacanths Lungfish Rhizodontids Eusthenopteron Panderichthyes Tiktaalik Ventastega Acanthostega Ichthyostega Tulerpeton Whatcheeria Pederpes More advanced amphibians Tiktaalik roseae – a lobe-finned fish intermediate between typical sarcopterygians and basal tetrapods. Mid to Late Devonian; 375 million years old. The back end of Tiktaalik’s skull is intermediate between fishes and tetrapods. Tiktaalik is a fish with wrist bones, yet still retaining fin rays. The posture of Tiktaalik’s fin/limb is intermediate between that of fishes an tetrapods. Coelacanths Lungfish Rhizodontids Eusthenopteron Panderichthyes Tiktaalik Ventastega Acanthostega Ichthyostega Tulerpeton Whatcheeria Pederpes More advanced amphibians Reconstructions of the basal tetrapod Ventastega.