The Early Tetrapod World; Laying the Foundations of the Modern Vertebrate Fauna

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The Early Tetrapod World;

laying the foundations of the modern vertebrate fauna.
A one-day conference celebrating the career of Prof Jenny Clack FRS.

10.00 Welcome

Head of Department of Zoology

Session 1 Chair Per Ahlberg 10.10 Tim Smithson et al.

Traquair’s lungfish from Loanhead: dipnoan diversity and tooth

plate growth in the late Mississippian.

10.30 Mike Coates

Same old fish: new name, new fins.

10.50 Zerina Johanson et al.

Ontogenetic development of the otic region in the new model

animal Leucoraja.

11.10 Coffee Session 2 Chair Tim Smithson 11.30 John Marshall 11.50 Dave Millward

Palynology – sometimes little things make a big difference. Palaeogeography during Romer’s Gap and its potential influence on tetrapod terrestrialisation.

12.10 Sarah Davies et al. 12.30 Henning Blom 12.50 Lunch

Early Carboniferous palaeoenvironments: uncovering the

landscapes of Romer’s Gap.

New data from the late Devonian of East Greenland.

Session 3 Chair Marcello Ruta 2.00 Per Ahlberg

New data, new insights and new problems: some thoughts about the origin of tetrapods.

2.20 Jason Anderson et al.

Enigmatic tetrapod from Five Points, Ohio (Upper Carboniferous) further supports late survivorship of stem tetrapod lineages.

2.40 Angela Milner 3.10 Andrew Milner

Keraterpeton, the earliest horned nectridean revisited. Two primitive trematopid amphibians from the Carboniferous of the Czech Republic

3.30 Tea Session 4 Chair 3.50 Nick Fraser et al.

Restoring the flat-pack skull of the Triassic protorosaur

Tanystropheus.

4.10 Sophie Sanchez

The life history traits of stem tetrapods

4.30 Eva Herbst et al.

New insights into the morphology of the Carboniferous tetrapod Crassigyrinus scoticus gleaned from computer tomography. How to turn a fin into a limb: insights from anglerfish. The evolution of the tetrapod humerus: morphometrics, disparity, and evolutionary rates.

4.50 Stephanie Pierce 5.10 Marcello Ruta

5.30 Closing remarks

Director University Museum of Zoology

Reception University Museum of Zoology

Conference venue: Main Lecture Theatre, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ

Recommended publications

June 2, 2016 TO

June 2, 2016 TO: Members of the Board of Regents Designated Representatives to the Board of Regents FROM: Joan Goldblatt, Secretary of the Board of Regents RE: Schedule of Meetings THURSDAY, JUNE 9, 2016 8:30 to 10:05 a.m. Petersen Room ACADEMIC AND STUDENT AFFAIRS Allen Library COMMITTEE: Regents Rice (Chair), Kritzer, Riojas, Simon *10:20 to 11:20 a.m. Petersen Room FINANCE AND ASSET MANAGEMENT Allen Library COMMITTEE: Regents Jaech (Chair), Ayer, Benoliel, Blake, Harrell 11:45 a.m. Petersen Room REGULAR MEETING OF BOARD OF Allen Library REGENTS: Regents Shanahan (Chair), Ayer, Benoliel, Blake, Harrell, Jaech, Kritzer, Rice, Riojas, Simon *or upon conclusion of the previous session. Unless otherwise indicated, committee meetings of the Board of Regents will run consecutively; starting times following the first committee are estimates only. If a session ends earlier than expected, the next scheduled session may convene immediately. Committee meetings may be attended by all members of the Board of Regents and all members may participate. To request disability accommodation, contact the Disability Services Office at: 206.543.6450 (voice), 206.543.6452 (TTY), 206.685.7264 (fax), or email at [email protected]. The University of Washington makes every effort to honor disability accommodation requests. Requests can be responded to most effectively if received as far in advance of the event as possible. 1.1/206-16 6/9/16 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON BOARD OF REGENTS Academic and Student Affairs Committee Regents Rice (Chair), Kritzer, Riojas, Simon June 9, 2016 8:30 to 10:05 a.m. Petersen Room, Allen Library Approval of Minutes of Committee Meeting on May 12, 2016 COMMITTEE ACTION 1.
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited

Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria
Thegreatestshowonearth-Indonesian.Pdf

1 PERTUNJUKAN TERHEBAT DI MUKA BUMI BUKTI YANG MENDUKUNG EVOLUSI RICHARD DAWKINS Diterjemahkan oleh Wahyu Ginting Terjemahan ini diterbitkan dan tersedia GRATIS di translationsproject.org 2 Daftar Isi Prakata ............................................................................................................................. 3 BAB 1 HANYA TEORI? ............................................................................................... 5 BAB 2 ANJING, SAPI, DAN KUBIS ......................................................................... 16 BAB 3 JALAN BERTABUR BUNGA MENUJU MAKRO-EVOLUSI ................. 31 BAB 4 KEHENINGAN DAN WAKTU YANG LAMBAT ...................................... 58 BAB 5 DI DEPAN MATA KEPALA KITA .............................................................. 74 BAB 6 MATA RANTAI YANG HILANG? APA MAKSUDNYA, ‘HILANG’? ... 96 BAB 7 ORANG-ORANG HILANG? TIDAK HILANG LAGI ............................. 121 BAB 8 ANDA SENDIRI MELAKUKANNYA DALAM SEMBILAN BULAN .. 139 BAB 9 BAHTERA BENUA-BENUA ....................................................................... 167 BAB 10 POHON KEKERABATAN SEPUPU ........................................................ 188 BAB 11 SEJARAH TERTULIS DI SEKUJUR TUBUH KITA ............................ 222 BAB 12 PERLOMBAAN SENJATA DAN ‘TEODISI EVOLUSIONER’ ........... 245 BAB 13 ADA KEMEGAHAN DALAM CARA PANDANG INI .......................... 260 LAMPIRAN PARA PENYANGKAL SEJARAH................................................... 279 CATATAN ..................................................................................................................
The Devonian Tetrapod Acanthostega Gunnari Jarvik: Postcranial Anatomy, Basal Tetrapod Interrelationships and Patterns of Skeletal Evolution M

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 87, 363-421, 1996 The Devonian tetrapod Acanthostega gunnari Jarvik: postcranial anatomy, basal tetrapod interrelationships and patterns of skeletal evolution M. I. Coates ABSTRACT: The postcranial skeleton of Acanthostega gunnari from the Famennian of East Greenland displays a unique, transitional, mixture of features conventionally associated with fish- and tetrapod-like morphologies. The rhachitomous vertebral column has a primitive, barely differentiated atlas-axis complex, encloses an unconstricted notochordal canal, and the weakly ossified neural arches have poorly developed zygapophyses. More derived axial skeletal features include caudal vertebral proliferation and, transiently, neural radials supporting unbranched and unsegmented lepidotrichia. Sacral and post-sacral ribs reiterate uncinate cervical and anterior thoracic rib morphologies: a simple distal flange supplies a broad surface for iliac attachment. The octodactylous forelimb and hindlimb each articulate with an unsutured, foraminate endoskeletal girdle. A broad-bladed femoral shaft with extreme anterior torsion and associated flattened epipodials indicates a paddle-like hindlimb function. Phylogenetic analysis places Acanthostega as the sister- group of Ichthyostega plus all more advanced tetrapods. Tulerpeton appears to be a basal stem- amniote plesion, tying the amphibian-amniote split to the uppermost Devonian. Caerorhachis may represent a more derived stem-amniote plesion. Postcranial evolutionary trends spanning the taxa traditionally associated with the fish-tetrapod transition are discussed in detail. Comparison between axial skeletons of primitive tetrapods suggests that plesiomorphic fish-like morphologies were re-patterned in a cranio-caudal direction with the emergence of tetrapod vertebral regionalisation. The evolution of digited limbs lags behind the initial enlargement of endoskeletal girdles, whereas digit evolution precedes the elaboration of complex carpal and tarsal articulations.
The Secrets of Fossils Lesson by Tucker Hirsch

The Secrets of Fossils Lesson by Tucker Hirsch Video Titles: Introduction: A New view of the Evolution of Animals Cambrian Explosion Jenny Clack, Paleontologist: The First Vertebrate Walks on Land Des Collins, Paleontologist: The Burgess Shale Activity Subject: Assessing evolutionary links NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS and evidence from comparative analysis of the fossil MS-LS4-1 Analyze and interpret data for patterns record and modern day organisms. in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms Grade Level: 6 – 8 grades throughout the history of life on Earth under the Introduction assumptions that natural laws operate today as In this lesson students make connections between in the past. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis fossils and modern day organisms. Using the is on finding patterns of changes in the level of information about the Cambrian Explosion, they complexity of anatomical structures in organisms explore theories about how and why organisms diversified. Students hypothesize what evidence and the chronological order of fossil appearance might be helpful to connect fossil organisms to in the rock layers.] [Assessment Boundary: modern organisms to show evolutionary connections. Assessment does not include the names of Students use three videos from shapeoflife.org. individual species or geological eras in the fossil record.] Assessments Written MS-LS4-2 Apply scientific ideas to construct an Time 100-120 minutes (2 class periods) explanation for the anatomical similarities and Group Size Varies; single student, student pairs, differences among modern organisms and between entire class modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis Materials and Preparation is on explanations of the evolutionary relationships • Access to the Internet to watch 4 Shape of Life videos among organisms in terms of similarity or • Video Worksheet differences of the gross appearance of anatomical • “Ancient-Modern” Activity.
Scientists Speak 19.2 NEIL SHUBIN: When I Look at My Fellow Humans, I

Scientists Speak 19.2 NEIL SHUBIN: When I look at my fellow humans, I see ghosts of animals past. Glimpses of an epic story that is hidden inside us all. My name is Neil Shubin. As a scientist, I look at human bodies different from most people. The way we grip with our hands, we can thank our primate ancestors for that. How we hear so many sounds that dates back to creatures the size of a shrew. And the further back we go, the stranger it gets. To reveal why we look the way we do, we'll travel through the distant reaches of our family tree and meet an unusual cast of characters. The ancestors that shaped your body. The family you never knew you had. From the badlands of Ethiopia! “She's beautiful.” To the shores of Nova Scotia. “This is the spot.” We'll search for clues that lie buried in rock. “His eyes are like globes and he is like,” ‘I found it! I found it!’ And in search for answers written in our DNA. “I think it gives us a glimpse into the brain of our ancestors,” “I mean I find that mind-blowing.” The adventure begins with a search for some of our most elusive relatives. Fish that crawled onto land hundreds of millions of years ago. From our necks and lungs, to our limbs and hands, we owe a lot to these intrepid pioneers. So if you really want to see why you're built the way you are, it's time to meet your inner fish.
Modes of Ventilation in Early Tetrapods: Costal Aspiration As a Key Feature of Amniotes

Modes of ventilation in early tetrapods: Costal aspiration as a key feature of amniotes CHRISTINE M. JANIS and JULIA C. KELLER Janis, C.M. & Keller, J.C. 2001. Modes of ventilation in early tetrapods: Costal aspira- tion as a key feature of amniotes. -Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 46, 2, 137-170. The key difference between amniotes (reptiles, birds and mammals) and anamniotes (amphibians in the broadest sense of the word) is usually considered to be the amniotic egg, or a skin impermeable to water. We propose that the change in the mode of lung ven- tilation from buccal pumping to costal (rib-based) ventilation was equally, if not more important, in the evolution of tetrapod independence from the water. Costal ventilation would enable superior loss of carbon dioxide via the lungs: only then could cutaneous respiration be abandoned and the skin made impermeable to water. Additionally efficient carbon dioxide loss might be essential for the greater level of activity of amniotes. We ex- amine aspects of the morphology of the heads, necks and ribs that correlate with the mode of ventilation. Anamniotes, living and fossil, have relatively broad heads and short necks, correlating with buccal pumping, and have immobile ribs. In contrast, amniotes have narrower, deeper heads, may have longer necks, and have mobile ribs, in correlation with costal ventilation. The stem amniote Diadectes is more like true amniotes in most respects, and we propose that the changes in the mode of ventilation occurred in a step- wise fashion among the stem amniotes. We also argue that the change in ventilatory mode in amniotes related to changes in the postural role of the epaxial muscles, and can be correlated with the evolution of herbivory.
Your Inner Fish

CHAPTER ONE FINDING YOUR INNER FISH Typical summers of my adult life are spent in snow and sleet, cracking rocks on cliffs well north of the Arctic Circle. Most of the time I freeze, get blisters, and find absolutely nothing. But if I have any luck, I find ancient fish bones. That may not sound like buried treasure to most people, but to me it is more valuable than gold. Ancient fish bones can be a path to knowledge about who we are and how we got that way. We learn about our own bodies in seemingly bizarre places, ranging from the fossils of worms and fish recovered from rocks from around the world to the DNA in virtually every animal alive on earth today. But that does not explain my confidence about why skeletal remains from the past—and the remains of fish, no less—offer clues about the fundamental structure of our bodies. How can we visualize events that happened millions and, in many cases, billions of years ago? Unfortunately, there were no eyewitnesses; none of us was around. In fact, nothing that talks or has a mouth or even a head was 7 around for most of this time. Even worse, the animals that existed back then have been dead and buried for so long their bodies are only rarely preserved. If you consider that over 99 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct, that only a very small fraction are preserved as fossils, and that an even smaller fraction still are ever found, then any attempt to see our past seems doomed from the start.
Early Vertebrate Evolution New Insights Into the Morphology of the Carboniferous Tetrapod Crassigyrinus Scoticus from Computed Tomography Eva C

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 109, 157–175, 2019 (for 2018) Early Vertebrate Evolution New insights into the morphology of the Carboniferous tetrapod Crassigyrinus scoticus from computed tomography Eva C. HERBST* and John R. HUTCHINSON Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author ABSTRACT: The Carboniferous tetrapod Crassigyrinus scoticus is an enigmatic animal in terms of its morphology and its phylogenetic position. Crassigyrinus had extremely reduced forelimbs, and was aquatic, perhaps secondarily. Recent phylogenetic analyses tentatively place Crassigyrinus close to the whatcheeriids. Many Carboniferous tetrapods exhibit several characteristics associated with terrestrial locomotion, and much research has focused on how this novel locomotor mode evolved. However, to estimate the selective pressures and constraints during this important time in vertebrate evolution, it is also important to study early tetrapods like Crassigyrinus that either remained aquatic or secondarily became aquatic. We used computed tomographic scanning to search for more data about the skeletal morphology of Crassigyrinus and discovered several elements previously hidden by the matrix. These elements include more ribs, another neural arch, potential evidence of an ossified pubis and maybe of pleurocentra. We also discovered several additional metatarsals with interesting asymmetrical morphology that may have functional implications. Finally, we reclassify what was previously thought to be a left sacral rib as a left fibula and show previously unknown aspects of the morphology of the radius. These discoveries are examined in functional and phylogenetic contexts. KEY WORDS: evolution, palaeontology, phylogeny, water-to-land transition.
Celebration of the Centenary of the First Female Fellows: Introduction

Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021 Accepted Manuscript Geological Society, London, Special Publications Celebration of the Centenary of the first female Fellows: Introduction C. V. Burek & B. M. Higgs DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/SP506-2020-190 To access the most recent version of this article, please click the DOI URL in the line above Received 29 July 2020 Revised 22 October 2020 Accepted 28 October 2020 © 2020 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Published by The Geological Society of London. Publishing disclaimer: www.geolsoc.org.uk/pub_ethics When citing this article please include the DOI provided above. Manuscript version: Accepted Manuscript This is a PDF of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting and correction before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the book series pertain. Although reasonable efforts have been made to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions may be required. Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on October 1, 2021 Celebration of the Centenary of the first female Fellows: Introduction C.V.
Early Vertebrate Evolution New Insights Into the Morphology of the Carboniferous Tetrapod Crassigyrinus Scoticus from Computed Tomography Eva C

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1–19, 2018 Early Vertebrate Evolution New insights into the morphology of the Carboniferous tetrapod Crassigyrinus scoticus from computed tomography Eva C. Herbst* and John R. Hutchinson Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author ABSTRACT: The Carboniferous tetrapod Crassigyrinus scoticus is an enigmatic animal in terms of its morphology and its phylogenetic position. Crassigyrinus had extremely reduced forelimbs, and was aquatic, perhaps secondarily. Recent phylogenetic analyses tentatively place Crassigyrinus close to the whatcheeriids. Many Carboniferous tetrapods exhibit several characteristics associated with terrestrial locomotion, and much research has focused on how this novel locomotor mode evolved. However, to estimate the selective pressures and constraints during this important time in vertebrate evolution, it is also important to study early tetrapods like Crassigyrinus that either remained aquatic or secondarily became aquatic. We used computed tomographic scanning to search for more data about the skeletal morphology of Crassigyrinus and discovered several elements previously hidden by the matrix. These elements include more ribs, another neural arch, potential evidence of an ossified pubis and maybe of pleurocentra. We also discovered several additional metatarsals with interesting asymmetrical morphology that may have functional implications. Finally, we reclassify what was previously thought to be a left sacral rib as a left fibula and show previously unknown aspects of the morphology of the radius. These discoveries are examined in functional and phylogenetic contexts. KEY WORDS: evolution, palaeontology, phylogeny, water-to-land transition.
Tracking Human Evolution: Where Do We Fit on the Tree of Life? Geology 230 Fossils and Evolution Phylogenetic Classification of Humans

Tracking Human Evolution: Where Do We Fit on the Tree of Life? Geology 230 Fossils and Evolution Phylogenetic Classification of Humans Life on Earth Eukaryota Animalia Bilateria Deuterostomia Chordata Craniata Vertebrata Gnathostomata Osteichthyes Sarcopterygii Tetrapoda Phylogenetic Classification of Humans Reptiliomorpha Amniota Synapsida Therapsida Mammalia Eutheria Primates Anthropoidea Hominidae Homo H. sapiens Tree of Life Web Project http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html Root of the Tree, Life on Earth: http://tolweb.org/Life_on_Earth/1 Eukaryotes http://tolweb.org/Eukaryotes/3 Animals, Metazoa http://tolweb.org/Animals/2374 Bilateria http://tolweb.org/Bilateria/2459 Deuterostomia http://tolweb.org/Deuterostomia/2466 Chordata: dorsal nerve cord http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499 Exemplar fossil: Yunnanozoon or Haikouella, Cambrian Yunnanozoon (Haikouella), a cephalochordate from the Lower Cambrian of China Urochordates: Sea Squirts. Adults have a pharynx with gill slits. Larval forms are free-swimming and have a notochord. Chordates are thought to have evolved from the larval form by precocious sexual maturation. Tunicates or Sea Squirts mobile larva sessile adult Cephalochordate: Branchiostoma, the lancelet Craniata: skull http://tolweb.org/Craniata/14826 Vertebrata: vertebrae http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829 A living jawless fish, the lamprey Gnathostomata: jawed vertebrates http://tolweb.org/Gnathostomata/14843 The placoderms were the armored fish of the Paleozoic. Grew up to 10 m in length. Placoderm, Dunkleosteus, Devonian of