Green Heritage Spring 2010
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AMS112 1978-1979 Lowres Web
--~--------~--------------------------------------------~~~~----------~-------------- - ~------------------------------ COVER: Paul Webber, technical officer in the Herpetology department searchers for reptiles and amphibians on a field trip for the Colo River Survey. Photo: John Fields!The Australian Museum. REPORT of THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM TRUST for the YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE , 1979 ST GOVERNMENT PRINTER, NEW SOUTH WALES-1980 D. WE ' G 70708K-1 CONTENTS Page Page Acknowledgements 4 Department of Palaeontology 36 The Australian Museum Trust 5 Department of Terrestrial Invertebrate Ecology 38 Lizard Island Research Station 5 Department of Vertebrate Ecology 38 Research Associates 6 Camden Haven Wildlife Refuge Study 39 Associates 6 Functional Anatomy Unit.. 40 National Photographic Index of Australian Director's Research Laboratory 40 Wildlife . 7 Materials Conservation Section 41 The Australian Museum Society 7 Education Section .. 47 Letter to the Premier 9 Exhibitions Department 52 Library 54 SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS Photographic and Visual Aid Section 54 Department of Anthropology 13 PublicityJ Pu bl ications 55 Department of Arachnology 18 National Photographic Index of Australian Colo River Survey .. 19 Wildlife . 57 Lizard Island Research Station 59 Department of Entomology 20 The Australian Museum Society 61 Department of Herpetology 23 Appendix 1- Staff .. 62 Department of Ichthyology 24 Appendix 2-Donations 65 Department of Malacology 25 Appendix 3-Acknowledgements of Co- Department of Mammalogy 27 operation. 67 Department of Marine -
BOA2.1 Caecilian Biology and Natural History.Key
The Biology of Amphibians @ Agnes Scott College Mark Mandica Executive Director The Amphibian Foundation [email protected] 678 379 TOAD (8623) 2.1: Introduction to Caecilians Microcaecilia dermatophaga Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia There are more than 20 synapomorphies (shared characters) uniting the group Lissamphibia Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Integumen is Glandular Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Glandular Skin, with 2 main types of glands. Mucous Glands Aid in cutaneous respiration, reproduction, thermoregulation and defense. Granular Glands Secrete toxic and/or noxious compounds and aid in defense Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Pedicellate Teeth crown (dentine, with enamel covering) gum line suture (fibrous connective tissue, where tooth can break off) basal element (dentine) Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Sacral Vertebrae Sacral Vertebrae Connects pelvic girdle to The spine. Amphibians have no more than one sacral vertebrae (caecilians have none) Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Amphicoelus Vertebrae Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Opercular apparatus Unique to amphibians and Operculum part of the sound conducting mechanism Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Fat Bodies Surrounding Gonads Fat Bodies Insulate gonads Evolution of Amphibians † † † † Actinopterygian Coelacanth, Tetrapodomorpha †Amniota *Gerobatrachus (Ray-fin Fishes) Lungfish (stem-tetrapods) (Reptiles, Mammals)Lepospondyls † (’frogomander’) Eocaecilia GymnophionaKaraurus Caudata Triadobatrachus Anura (including Apoda Urodela Prosalirus †) Salientia Batrachia Lissamphibia -
Cape Range National Park
Cape Range National Park Management Plan No 65 2010 R N V E M E O N G T E O H F T W A E I S L T A E R R N A U S T CAPE RANGE NATIONAL PARK Management Plan 2010 Department of Environment and Conservation Conservation Commission of Western Australia VISION By 2020, the park and the Ningaloo Marine Park will be formally recognised amongst the world’s most valuable conservation and nature based tourism icons. The conservation values of the park will be in better condition than at present. This will have been achieved by reducing stress on ecosystems to promote their natural resilience, and facilitating sustainable visitor use. In particular, those values that are not found or are uncommon elsewhere will have been conserved, and their special conservation significance will be recognised by the local community and visitors. The park will continue to support a wide range of nature-based recreational activities with a focus on preserving the remote and natural character of the region. Visitors will continue to enjoy the park, either as day visitors from Exmouth or by camping in the park itself at one of the high quality camping areas. The local community will identify with the park and the adjacent Ningaloo Marine Park, and recognise that its values are of international significance. An increasing number of community members will support and want to be involved in its ongoing management. The Indigenous heritage of the park will be preserved by the ongoing involvement of the traditional custodians, who will have a critical and active role in jointly managing the cultural and conservation values of the park. -
Frogs and Toads of Rhode Island
FROG & TOAD Chug-o-rum! Peep-peeep-peeep! Kraack-arrack! Frogs and toads thrive in the many ponds, forests , felds and open woodlands found on Audubon wildlife refuges. Spring and summer are great times to look and listen for them. Listed below are the common species found in Rhode Island. Bullfrog Northern Leopard Frog (Rana catesbeiana) (Rana pipiens) Bullfrogs are the largest frog in the United States Leopard frogs, as their name implies, are covered and have smooth, dull green to brown skin with in many, round black spots with lighter outlines. dark spots. Males have a yellow chin, and females Teir base color is usually brown or green but can have a white chin. Males make a deep echoing vary into yellow or blue. Tey have raised, golden croak “Chug-o-rum, Chug-o-rum” call in early ridges running down their back. Tey can be found summer. It can sound like a cow mooing, which in meadows and grasslands in the warmer months is why the word “bull” is in its name. Tey eat and near ponds and streams during breeding season. many insects, but will also eat fsh, rodents and Teir calls sound like a mix of “chucks” and “old small birds. creaky door” sounds. Green Frog Pickerel Frog (Rana clamitans) (Rana palustris) Green frogs greatly resemble bullfrogs, with a bright Nearly the twin of the leopard frog, pickerel green head and shoulders and hints of brown, blue or frogs are distinguished by their spots being black, but can be distinguished by the raised ridges square shaped rather than round and a bright down their backs. -
The Case of the Missing Frogs by Bryan Hamilton Why Are There No
The Case of the Missing Frogs By Bryan Hamilton Why are there no frogs in Great Basin National Park? Great Basin National Park seems like a perfect refuge for frogs, with plenty of water--ten perennial streams, hundreds of springs, and six alpine lakes, but apparently there are no amphibians. During 2002, an amphibian inventory was conducted within Great Basin National Park. Crews surveyed perennial streams, springs, and alpine lakes, but did not observe any adult amphibians, tadpoles, or egg masses. The reasons for this are unclear, but apparently frog distribution depends on more than just abundant water. Lack of suitable breeding habitat is a major limiting factor in amphibian distribution. Most amphibians require still or extremely slow moving water to lay their eggs in. High gradient streams in the Park do not provide appropriate breeding habitat. The hundreds of springs in the Park may provide this habitat, however, no amphibians were found at the dozens of springs surveyed this year. Isolation from source populations is another limiting factor. Streams leave the Park and then quickly disappear underground. Amphibian populations near the Park are not directly connected to these streams. Thus no corridors exist between the Park and nearby amphibian populations. One amphibian species that does not require aquatic corridors for migration is the Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana), commonly referred to as a "toad." Spadefoots are distinguished from "true toads" (members of the family Bufonidae) by a black wedge shaped spade on their hind feet, used for burrowing. Spadefoots move considerable distances over land during spring and summer rains, travelling to breeding sites. -
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria -
<Article-Title>Your Inner Fish
ELIZABETHCOWLES, DEPARTMENT EDITOR We are happy to welcomeABM new Book ReviewsEditor, ElizabethCowles. ANIMAL EVOLUTION describeshis evolutionfrom "wetbehind the ears"novice to world famous,verte- R brate variousfield YourInner Fish: A Into the 3.5- paleontologist.Noting Journey he shares lessons Billion-Year of the Human experiences, important History Body. he has learned the He details Neil Shubin. 2008. Pantheon Books. along way. By from the to find- 240 Hardcover. everystep, planning trip (ISBN0375424474). pp. fossils to the $24.00. ing requiredpost-expedi- tion lab work. Of course, Shubin'smost In April2006, an above-the-foldstory impressive,logistically difficult expedition B on the front page of TheNew YorkTimes to date involvedfinding, unearthing, and introducedthe world to the fossilTiktaalik. extractingTiktaalik and thatreceives early, Composed of featuresthat are part fish prominenttreatment. Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/70/5/308/54744/30163281.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 and Tiktaalikwas held part amphibian, But the real of this book is as an link"in ter- triumph up important"missing the ease with which Shubin the restrialvertebrate evolution. The fossiland plucks same in different its Dr. Neil were thus string many ways-name- discoverer, Shubin, that whatever thrust into the currentdebate ly, through organ system headlong or scientific lens it is on the of evolutionin the biol- analyzed viewed, teaching clearthat within fish areantecedents to all classroom.Shubin has on ogy capitalized limbed vertebrates.In discrete the fame the of chapters, accompanying discovery the evolution of terres- Tiktaalikto his firstbook YourInner Shubin explores pen trial ears,teeth, limbs, and chemore- Fish: A Journey Into the 3.5-Billion-Year eyes, ceptors from structureswithin fish (and History of the HumanBody. -
Rhinella Marina) on Sanibel Island, FL
Possible Introduction Mechanisms, Movement Patterns, and Control Efforts of the Giant Toad (Rhinella marina) on Sanibel Island, FL Chris Lechowicz Director-Wildlife Habitat Management Program/Herpetologist Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation Giant Toad (Rhinella marina) • Also called the cane toad, marine toad, Bufo toad, faux toad. • Previously Bufo marinus • Native to Central America, South America, Mexico, and south Texas. • A true toad (Family Bufonidae) belonging to a group of Neotropical toads (beaked toads = Rhinella). • Largest Bufonid toad (up to 5.8 lb), but not the largest Anuran (frog) in the world. Notable Facts • They have very large paired parotoid glands containing Bufotoxin that is oozed out when harassed. • This milky toxin has killed household pets (dogs, cats) and numerous wildlife species when ingested. • There has been documented human fatalities from “toad- licking” and ingestion. • Eggs/larvae are toxic to wildlife. • Highly nocturnal Prey and Predators • They consume invertebrates, small rodents, birds, amphibians, reptiles , and plants. • They will eat non-living prey (small dead animals, dog and food, feces). • The are preyed on in their natural range by caimans (C. latirostris), certain species of fish, Possums (Didelphis species), meat ants, banded cat-eyed snake (Leptodeira annulata), and some species of ibis. • They can lay up to ~30,000 eggs a year. Current uses for Cane Toads • Educational purposes (the dangers of exotic species) • Pregnancy tests • Leather goods • Pet trade • Eaten in Peru (after -
Teacher's Guide: Tiktaalik: a Fish out of Water
Teacher’s Guide: Tiktaalik: A Fish Out of Water Recommended Grade Level: 5–8 (also applicable to grades 9–12 for students requiring significant support in learning) Suggested Time: About 50–60 minutes spread over one or more class periods, plus additional time to complete a writing assignment Goals Vocabulary Following are the big ideas that students • fossil should take away after completing this lesson: • characteristic • Transitional fossils help scientists establish • transition how living things are related • tetrapod • Physical features and behaviors may • species change over time to help living things sur- vive where they live • amphibian • evolution Key Literacy Strategies Following are the primary literacy strategies students will use to complete this activity: • Categorizing basic facts and ideas (screen 10) • Making inferences (screens 4 and 7, writing assignment 2) • Identifying and using text features (screens 4, 6, and 9) • Determining important information (screen 7, writing assignment 1) • Sequencing events (screen 9) Note: In addition to using the key literacy strategies listed above, students will use each of the strategies below to complete this lesson: • Monitoring comprehension • Synthesizing • Making predictions • Developing vocabulary • Connecting prior knowledge to new learning • Developing a topic in writing • Identifying and using text features (photographs, captions, diagrams, and/or maps) Overview Tiktaalik: A Fish Out of Water is a student-directed learning experience. However, while students are expected to work through the lesson on their own, teachers should be available to keep the lesson on track, organize groupings, facilitate discussions, answer questions, and ensure that all learning goals are met. Teacher’s Guide: Tiktaalik: A Fish Out of Water 1 The following is a summary of the lesson screens: Screen 1: Students learn that they will explore evolutionary relationships between animal groups that do not appear to be related. -
The Web of Evidence for Evolution / Part I
20 THOMISTIC EVOLUTION CATHOLIC THEOLOGY & EVOLUTION ike the theory of gravity, the theory in the supermarket and the eyewitness of evolution is an explanation account by another customer, for exam- L of a particular aspect of God’s ple—that convicts the suspect in an open- creation. While the theory of gravity ex- and-shut case. It is all the evidence taken plains the relative motion of physical bodies together and the likelihood that they explain the with respect to each other—for instance the crime better than any other alternative account falling of an apple to the earth or the orbit of a that justifies the verdict. planet around the Sun—the theory of evolution The Fossil Record: First, the theory of evolu- explains the history, diversity, and relationships tion explains the fossil record well. It explains of all living things with respect to each other, why the deepest and thus the oldest rocks in the not only of those that are extant, i.e., still found fossil record contain the simplest fossils. It ex- in the world today, but also of those that have plains why later species in the fossil record—the become extinct. In brief, according to the theory of evolution, the histo- The Web of Evidence ry, diversity, and relationships among all living beings that have ever lived on our planet for Evolution / Part I can be explained as follows. Life on our planet diversified Rev. Nicanor Austriaco, O.P. gradually beginning with one primitive living fossils in younger rocks—have characteristics thing that lived more than 3.5 billion years ago. -
Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles)
6-3.1 Compare the characteristic structures of invertebrate animals... and vertebrate animals (fish, amphibians, and reptiles). Also covers: 6-1.1, 6-1.2, 6-1.5, 6-3.2, 6-3.3 Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles sections Can I find one? If you want to find a frog or salamander— 1 Chordates and Vertebrates two types of amphibians—visit a nearby Lab Endotherms and Exotherms pond or stream. By studying fish, amphib- 2 Fish ians, and reptiles, scientists can learn about a 3 Amphibians variety of vertebrate characteristics, includ- 4 Reptiles ing how these animals reproduce, develop, Lab Water Temperature and the and are classified. Respiration Rate of Fish Science Journal List two unique characteristics for Virtual Lab How are fish adapted each animal group you will be studying. to their environment? 220 Robert Lubeck/Animals Animals Start-Up Activities Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Make the following Foldable to help you organize Snake Hearing information about the animals you will be studying. How much do you know about reptiles? For example, do snakes have eyelids? Why do STEP 1 Fold one piece of paper lengthwise snakes flick their tongues in and out? How into thirds. can some snakes swallow animals that are larger than their own heads? Snakes don’t have ears, so how do they hear? In this lab, you will discover the answer to one of these questions. STEP 2 Fold the paper widthwise into fourths. 1. Hold a tuning fork by the stem and tap it on a hard piece of rubber, such as the sole of a shoe. -
Class: Amphibia Amphibians Order
CLASS: AMPHIBIA AMPHIBIANS ANNIELLIDAE (Legless Lizards & Allies) CLASS: AMPHIBIA AMPHIBIANS Anniella (Legless Lizards) ORDER: ANURA FROGS AND TOADS ___Silvery Legless Lizard .......................... DS,RI,UR – uD ORDER: ANURA FROGS AND TOADS BUFONIDAE (True Toad Family) BUFONIDAE (True Toad Family) ___Southern Alligator Lizard ............................ RI,DE – fD Bufo (True Toads) Suborder: SERPENTES SNAKES Bufo (True Toads) ___California (Western) Toad.............. AQ,DS,RI,UR – cN ___California (Western) Toad ............. AQ,DS,RI,UR – cN ANNIELLIDAE (Legless Lizards & Allies) Anniella ___Red-spotted Toad ...................................... AQ,DS - cN BOIDAE (Boas & Pythons) ___Red-spotted Toad ...................................... AQ,DS - cN (Legless Lizards) Charina (Rosy & Rubber Boas) ___Silvery Legless Lizard .......................... DS,RI,UR – uD HYLIDAE (Chorus Frog and Treefrog Family) ___Rosy Boa ............................................ DS,CH,RO – fN HYLIDAE (Chorus Frog and Treefrog Family) Pseudacris (Chorus Frogs) Pseudacris (Chorus Frogs) Suborder: SERPENTES SNAKES ___California Chorus Frog ............ AQ,DS,RI,DE,RO – cN COLUBRIDAE (Colubrid Snakes) ___California Chorus Frog ............ AQ,DS,RI,DE,RO – cN ___Pacific Chorus Frog ....................... AQ,DS,RI,DE – cN Arizona (Glossy Snakes) ___Pacific Chorus Frog ........................AQ,DS,RI,DE – cN BOIDAE (Boas & Pythons) ___Glossy Snake ........................................... DS,SA – cN Charina (Rosy & Rubber Boas) RANIDAE (True Frog Family)