Native Farm to School A Project of First Nations Development Institute

SEED SAVING & CROP PROFILES VARIETIES PLANTING: HARVEST: SEED SAVING: CORN Corn that is "true-to-type," meaning Early to mid-September, the tassels, Late September to Early Octo- Only harvest for seed or dry Popcorn uniform, you will need to isolate your the male part, will start producing ber, you can harvest the green corn when husks are fully Flint corn as pollen has been know to travel pollen that will fall with help from the corn while it is in its “milky” dry. up to 5 miles. wind to the corn silks, the female part stage. Dent of the corn. This is a great time to Peel husks, decob, and wind Flour An alternative is to plant staggered collect pollen if needed for ceremonial You can test by peeling back the winnow the organic material timeframes at least two weeks off-set use. husk and if you see developed using two containers during Sweet from each other. Though this also kernels press and if they pop a gusty day or with a fan. depends on the corn's growing Pollen is best gathered in the early with milky fluid. You can either season, there will most likely be some morning by large plastic bags over the boil or roast if you choose. Pour seed in containers back crossing. tassels and shaken. and forth to separate. You cannot save seed from green Plant 3 to 4 seeds 1 inch deep spaced Each strand of corn silk on the ears is a corn, and any corn harvested will Save seed from at least 50 by at 4 to 5 feet from each plant. potential kernel of corn that needs to need to be cooked. individual plants for best Scientific Name: get fertilized with pollen to produce genetics and seed stock. Zea mays Plant no later than May at above 6,500 the seed. The corn stalks will fully dry ft. altitude. around late October to Early Will cross breed If you end up with “naked” cobs, November. Wind pollenated In early July, thin out plants to leave meaning no kernels, the silks were not 2-3 plants if too thick. pollinated.

Beans are called VARIETIES: PLANTING: HARVEST: “perfect flowers,” BEANS meaning there are COMMON BEANS RUNNER BEANS Plant 3 to 4 seeds 1 inch deep spaced by Harvest and seed save Also: Phaseolus vulgaris Also: Phaseolus coccineus at least 1 ft apart. roughly around late October male and female Classified by growth Grown for fresh beans or eaten to Mid November when reproductive parts in a habitat such as bush, half whole like green beans as well as Plant in May or early June. pods are dry and ready to single flower. This runner or pole. Dry beans dry beans. Often categorized by shatter. makes seed saving which include Pinto, turtle, their flower color Beans are also nitrogen fixers and will easier and less likely cranberry, Anasazi, Jacobs TEPARY BEAN help build your soil and are great if your Large quantities of beans Cattle. Snap beans include lands have been fallow. to cross. However, Also: Phaselus acutifolius can be processed by stomp- green beans, wax, and Eaten for dry beans pollinator insects still ing bean pods in a folded French varieities. You can also plant in-between your corn tarp and using wind winnow find their way in the FAVA BEAN as nitrogen is one of the primary nutrients Also: Vicia faba to separate seed from the flowers and cause LIMA BEANS corn needs; if this method is used, plant Origins in Syria 12,000 years ago chaff. crossing if they are Also: Phaseolus lunatus your corn at least 6 ft apart with beans in Broad and Flat the middle and alternate in rows. This will the same variety. It is ADZUKI BEAN Also:Vigna angularius allow the beans room to get sunlight and essential to know the Can be eaten immature as 7,500 year ago in Peru, not compete with your corn. different varieties shelled beans or mature as Argentina, and Bolivia dry bean You might notice if your beans vine out because the same Self-pollenated types will cross. that they will climb the corn; this is part of their mutualistic relationship.

Squash has separate male VARIETIES: PLANTING: HARVEST: and female flowers that need SQUASH bees and other pollinators to GROUP A CUCURBITA GROUP C CUCURBITA Plant 2-3 seeds at ½ -1 in. Harvest when mature, which the dry fertilize and produce fruit. PEPO: MAXIMA: deep and space at 5-6 feel stem and vines will indicate at the top of These will cross with different Summer squash, Yellow Winter squash, Hubbard, apart. the crop. varieties, and you will need to crookneck or straightneck, Pumpkins, Big Max, King of These plants will vine out very Save seed after harvest but cutting open know the genus and specific Zucchini, Scallop/patty pan, the Mammoths, Mammoth wide. With their large and the crop is very difficult because of the epithet to tell if your squash Winter Squash, Acorn, Chile, Mammoth Prize, broad leaves, they serve as tough rind; a serrated knife or a hand will cross-pollinate. Ex.Cucur- Spaghetti, Gourds and Atlantic Giant, Ornamental great natural canopies to saw is recommended. Collect seed and bita Maxima will not cross many Pumpkins including squash, Alladin and Turk’s retain the moisture. separate it from organic material. with a Cucurbita Pepo or Cinderella, Big Tom, Jack Turban Planting in between rows of Set on a non-stick pan, plate, or parch- Cucurbita Moschata; only if O’Lantern, Jackpot, and GROUP D CUCURBITA Connecticut Field. corn is a common practice in ment paper and let dry for at least two they share the same genus MIXTA: Indigenous communities. Plant weeks. (e.g., Cucurbita) AND specific GROUP B CURCURBITA Pumpkins, Green-Striped no later than early June. epithet (e.g., Maxima) can MOSCHATA: Cushaw, Japanese Pie, You will notice they will start to dry they cross. You will notice a Winter Squash, Butternut Tennessee Sweet Potato, To bring in pollinators, plant when the thin translucent skin of the flowers around your garden. A seed chaffs off. bulb at the base of the female squash, Pumpkins, Cheese, White Cushaw and Mixta Insect pollenated Gold favorite of Ancestral Lands are flowers; this is the ovary and Golden, Cushaw and sunflowers, which grow tall and Don’t risk putting seed in storage until will produce a squash baby if Kentucky Field can be easily planted around dry, or you may end up with moldy fertilized. the plants' perimeter. unusable seed. VARIETIES PLANTING: HARVEST: SEED SAVING: CORN Corn that is "true-to-type," meaning Early to mid-September, the tassels, Late September to Early Octo- Only harvest for seed or dry Popcorn uniform, you will need to isolate your the male part, will start producing ber, you can harvest the green corn when husks are fully Flint corn as pollen has been know to travel pollen that will fall with help from the corn while it is in its “milky” dry. up to 5 miles. wind to the corn silks, the female part stage. Dent of the corn. This is a great time to Peel husks, decob, and wind Flour An alternative is to plant staggered collect pollen if needed for ceremonial You can test by peeling back the winnow the organic material timeframes at least two weeks off-set use. husk and if you see developed using two containers during Sweet from each other. Though this also kernels press and if they pop a gusty day or with a fan. depends on the corn's growing Pollen is best gathered in the early with milky fluid. You can either season, there will most likely be some morning by large plastic bags over the boil or roast if you choose. Pour seed in containers back crossing. tassels and shaken. and forth to separate. You cannot save seed from green Plant 3 to 4 seeds 1 inch deep spaced Each strand of corn silk on the ears is a corn, and any corn harvested will Save seed from at least 50 by at 4 to 5 feet from each plant. potential kernel of corn that needs to need to be cooked. individual plants for best Scientific Name: get fertilized with pollen to produce genetics and seed stock. Zea mays Plant no later than May at above 6,500 the seed. The corn stalks will fully dry ft. altitude. around late October to Early Will cross breed If you end up with “naked” cobs, November. Wind pollenated In early July, thin out plants to leave meaning no kernels, the silks were not 2-3 plants if too thick. pollinated.

Beans are called VARIETIES: PLANTING: HARVEST: “perfect flowers,” BEANS meaning there are COMMON BEANS RUNNER BEANS Plant 3 to 4 seeds 1 inch deep spaced by Harvest and seed save Also: Phaseolus vulgaris Also: Phaseolus coccineus at least 1 ft apart. roughly around late October male and female Classified by growth Grown for fresh beans or eaten to Mid November when reproductive parts in a habitat such as bush, half whole like green beans as well as Plant in May or early June. pods are dry and ready to single flower. This runner or pole. Dry beans dry beans. Often categorized by shatter. makes seed saving which include Pinto, turtle, their flower color Beans are also nitrogen fixers and will easier and less likely cranberry, Anasazi, Jacobs TEPARY BEAN help build your soil and are great if your Large quantities of beans Cattle. Snap beans include lands have been fallow. to cross. However, Also: Phaselus acutifolius can be processed by stomp- green beans, wax, and Eaten for dry beans pollinator insects still ing bean pods in a folded French varieities. You can also plant in-between your corn tarp and using wind winnow find their way in the FAVA BEAN as nitrogen is one of the primary nutrients Also: Vicia faba to separate seed from the flowers and cause LIMA BEANS corn needs; if this method is used, plant Origins in Syria 12,000 years ago chaff. crossing if they are Also: Phaseolus lunatus your corn at least 6 ft apart with beans in Broad and Flat the middle and alternate in rows. This will the same variety. It is ADZUKI BEAN Also:Vigna angularius allow the beans room to get sunlight and essential to know the Can be eaten immature as 7,500 year ago in Peru, not compete with your corn. different varieties shelled beans or mature as Argentina, and Bolivia dry bean You might notice if your beans vine out because the same Self-pollenated types will cross. that they will climb the corn; this is part of their mutualistic relationship.

Squash has separate male VARIETIES: PLANTING: HARVEST: and female flowers that need SQUASH bees and other pollinators to GROUP A CUCURBITA GROUP C CUCURBITA Plant 2-3 seeds at ½ -1 in. Harvest when mature, which the dry fertilize and produce fruit. PEPO: MAXIMA: deep and space at 5-6 feel stem and vines will indicate at the top of These will cross with different Summer squash, Yellow Winter squash, Hubbard, apart. the crop. varieties, and you will need to crookneck or straightneck, Pumpkins, Big Max, King of These plants will vine out very Save seed after harvest but cutting open know the genus and specific Zucchini, Scallop/patty pan, the Mammoths, Mammoth wide. With their large and the crop is very difficult because of the epithet to tell if your squash Winter Squash, Acorn, Chile, Mammoth Prize, broad leaves, they serve as tough rind; a serrated knife or a hand will cross-pollinate. Ex.Cucur- Spaghetti, Gourds and Atlantic Giant, Ornamental great natural canopies to saw is recommended. Collect seed and bita Maxima will not cross many Pumpkins including squash, Alladin and Turk’s retain the moisture. separate it from organic material. with a Cucurbita Pepo or Cinderella, Big Tom, Jack Turban Planting in between rows of Set on a non-stick pan, plate, or parch- Cucurbita Moschata; only if O’Lantern, Jackpot, and GROUP D CUCURBITA Connecticut Field. corn is a common practice in ment paper and let dry for at least two they share the same genus MIXTA: Indigenous communities. Plant weeks. (e.g., Cucurbita) AND specific GROUP B CURCURBITA Pumpkins, Green-Striped no later than early June. epithet (e.g., Maxima) can MOSCHATA: Cushaw, Japanese Pie, You will notice they will start to dry they cross. You will notice a Winter Squash, Butternut Tennessee Sweet Potato, To bring in pollinators, plant when the thin translucent skin of the flowers around your garden. A seed chaffs off. bulb at the base of the female squash, Pumpkins, Cheese, White Cushaw and Mixta Insect pollenated Gold favorite of Ancestral Lands are flowers; this is the ovary and Golden, Cushaw and sunflowers, which grow tall and Don’t risk putting seed in storage until will produce a squash baby if Kentucky Field can be easily planted around dry, or you may end up with moldy fertilized. the plants' perimeter. unusable seed. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS

First Nations Development Institute 2432 Main Street, 2nd Floor Longmont, CO 80501

303.774.7836 303.774.7841 [email protected]

NEW MEXICO FIELD OFFICE

First Nations Development Institute 4263 Montgomery Boulevard NE, Suite I-230 Albuquerque, NM 87109

505.312.8641 303.774.7841 [email protected] www.firstnations.org

e

ut

t

nsti

I

pment

o

el

v

nsDe

o

stNati

r

Fi

/ .instagram.com/fndi.instagram.co.instagram.com/fndi303/3 m www.twitter.com/FNDI303 o www.linkedin.com/company/first-nations-development-institute/linkedin.com ny/first-nations-development-institute/

c

k.

ww

o

o

eb

c

fa //www

.

:

w

ww

ps

t

tt

ht

Native Farm to School A Project of First Nations Development Institute