Contain, Degrade, and Defeat a Defense Strategy for a Troubled Middle East
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Amanda Sloat
UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2014-20439 Doc No. C05784031 Date: 10/30/2015 RELEASE IN PART B6 From: Anne-Marie Slaughter < Sent: Wednesday, November 16, 2011 10:26 AM To: "Hunter, Robert"; AdamSmith7 Ali Wyne; Amanda Sloat; Amy McIntosh; Andrew Moravcsik; anr antonia chayes; Antony Blinken Benedict Kingsbury; Bernhard Lorentz; bethneckmankleir Bill Butler; Bill_Burke-White Bruce Jentleson; Bryan Hehir; Cait Clarke Carl Bildt; Carlos Lozada; cbruderl CharlesworthH charlie; Christian Joerges; David Bosco; David Boyd; David Held; David Petraeus; David Rieff; Debora Spar; Elena Kagan; Elizabeth Sullivan; elsnyc06 emma rothschild; Ernst- Ulrich.Petersmann Evan W. Thomas; FENCHELS fred hiatt; fred_schauer; G.Teubner Gareth Evans; Gary J Bass gblum; George Bermann; Gerhard Casper; Charles C. Gillispie; Gordon Smith; raham_allisor Gregory Craig; g-stone harold.elis hauser; hbhabha Helene van Rossum; Hoke.Slaughte honorable_michael_boudin; honorable_Patti_Saris; Honorable_Sandra_Lynch ian_malcolrn vo Daalder; jacqueline_bhabha James Crawford; James Der Deriar Jan Lodal jane; Janie JEdersheim Jeff Toobin; Jeffrey Walker; Jeffrey_Frankel Jennifer Raab; Jennifer Slaughter; jess.bravin; Jill Tobey; Joe Gatto; John Ikenberry; john mearsheimer; John Sexton; john.cogan; john_ruggie Jonathan Fried; Julius Coles; kadenl Kal Raustiala; Kalvaria, Leon ; kalypso.nicolaidis; karl.ladeur kat; Katherine Sikkink; Kermal Dervis; Kishore_MAHBUBANI ; koskenniemi; kpisto Kraus, Michael; KUMMM Larry.Helfer lee feinstein; ljbs22 Lorne Craner; -
Barack Obama and the Dilemmas of American Grand Strategy
Hal Brands Barack Obama and the Dilemmas of American Grand Strategy Did the Obama administration have a grand strategy? If so, was it effec- tive? Before Obama’s presidency even ended, these questions were unleashing fusillades of contradictory commentary. Sympathetic observers credited Obama with a wise, well-integrated grand strategy that enhanced American power for “the long-game.”1 Detractors, by contrast, argued that Obama’s strategy of “over- arching American retrenchment and accommodation” had been pernicious— even devastating—to national security.2 Still other prominent observers rejected the very idea of an Obama grand strategy, charging that his policies lacked any coherent design.3 Finally, and further muddying the waters, Obama himself was sometimes dismissive of grand strategy, once remarking that “I don’t really even need George Kennan right now.”4 As the president’s tenure ends, it is useful to revisit these issues and come to grips with grand strategy under Obama. In fact, the Obama administration did have a fairly clear and consistent grand strategy—if one defines grand strategy realistically, as a set of basic principles that guide policy. And that grand strategy reflected a mixture of continuity and change vis-a-vis the foreign policy tradition Obama inherited. In many ways, Obama’s grand strategy fit squarely within the broad contours of American statecraft during the post-war and post-Cold War eras, as its broadest objective was main- taining U.S. primacy and a liberal international order. Yet Obama simultaneously sought to define his grand strategy in opposition to the purported mistakes of George W. -
H-Diplo | ISSF Roundtable, Volume X, No
H-Diplo | ISSF Roundtable, Volume X, No. 1 (2017) issforum.org H-Diplo/ISSF Editors: Hal Brands and Diane Labrosse H-Diplo/ISSF Roundtable and Web/Production Editor: George Fujii Derek Chollet. The Long Game: How Obama Defied Washington and Redefined America’s Role in the World. New York: Public Affairs, 2016). ISBN: 9781610396608 (hardcover, $26.99/CDN$34.99); 9781610396615 (eBook, $17.99/CDN$22.99). Published on 15 September 2017 Shortlink: tiny.cc/ISSF-Roundtable-10-1 Permalink: http://issforum.org/roundtables/10-1-long-game PDF URL: http://issforum.org/ISSF/PDF/ISSF-Roundtable-10-1.pdf Contents Introduction by Hal Brands, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies ...... 2 Review by Robert G. Kaufman, Pepperdine University ........................................................... 5 Review by Ronald R. Krebs, University of Minnesota ............................................................ 15 Review by Patrick Porter, University of Exeter ...................................................................... 21 Review by Mary E. Sarotte, University of Southern California .............................................. 24 Author’s Response by Derek Chollet, The German Marshall Fund of the United States ..... 26 © Copyright 2017 The Authors | H-Diplo/ISSF Roundtable 10-1 Introduction by Hal Brands, Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies t is hard to think of anyone better qualified to write an early history of Barack Obama’s foreign policy than Derek Chollet. For over six years, Chollet served the Obama administration with distinction, in senior positions at the State Department, White House, and Defense Department. He is also an Iaccomplished author who has written numerous well-regarded books on the history of American foreign policy.1 Chollet’s most recent book is The Long Game: How Barack Obama Defied Washington and Redefined America’s Role in the World. -
A Shift in Global Interplay Frédéric Ramel
Access to the global commons and grand strategies: a shift in global interplay Frédéric Ramel To cite this version: Frédéric Ramel. Access to the global commons and grand strategies: a shift in global interplay. Etudes de l’IRSEM, 2014, pp.1 - 36. hal-01087574v2 HAL Id: hal-01087574 https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01087574v2 Submitted on 20 Aug 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ACCESS TO THE GLOBAL COMMONS AND GRAND STRATEGIES : A SHIFT IN GLOBAL INTERPLAY by Frédéric RAMEL, Sciences Po, CERI To quote this study : Frédéric Ramel, Access to the global commons and grand strategies : A shift in global interplay, Etude de l’IRSEM n°30, octobre 2014. ACCESS TO THE GLOBAL COMMONS AND GRAND STRATEGIES D ERNIÈRES ÉTUDES DE L’IRSEM 35- Approche globale et Union européenne : le cas de la Corne de l’Afrique Général de division (2S) Maurice de LANGLOIS (dir.) 34- Opinion publique et armées à l’épreuve de la guerre en Afghanistan Barbara JANKOWSKI 33- La puissance russe au Moyen-Orient : Retour ou déclin inéluctable ? Clément THERME 32- Les stratégies du smart power américain : Redéfinir le leadership dans un monde post- américain Maya KANDEL et Maud QUESSARD-SALVAING (dir.) 31- L’action extérieure de l’Europe à l’épreuve de l’Egypte et de l’Afrique Dr. -
Obama's Foreign Policy Is a Failure, a Debate from Intelligence Squared U.S
Intelligence Squared U.S. - 1 - 12/5/2016 November 29, 2016 Ray Padgett | [email protected] Mark Satlof | [email protected] T: 718.522.7171 Intelligence Squared U.S. Obama’s Foreign Policy Is a Failure For the Motion: Eliot Cohen, Kristen Silverberg Against the Motion: Derek Chollet, Vikram Singh Moderator: John Donvan AUDIENCE RESULTS Before the debate: After the debate: 19% FOR 42% FOR 38% AGAINST 49% AGAINST 43% UNDECIDED 9% UNDECIDED Start Time (00:00:00) John Donvan: Please welcome to the stage, Bob Rosenkranz. [applause] John Donvan: Hi, Bob. Robert Rosenkranz: Hi, John. John Donvan: So, this one, well, we're doing it in a sense because we are at the end of an eight-year period. And back in 2008, we did a debate on George Bush's presidency in a similar fashion. But we have the word "failure" in tonight's debate, and I'm anticipating that to some degree, each of the sides is going to have to define what it is what we mean by failure. Robert Rosenkranz: Well, that true. And I don't want to sort of step on their toes by giving our sense or my sense of what "failure" is. But I think I could help maybe put it in perspective if I talk about what I think a success looks like. Prepared by National Capitol Contracting 200 N. Glebe Rd., #1016 (703)-243-9696 Arlington, VA 22203 Intelligence Squared U.S. - 2 - 12/5/2016 00:01:00 And in my lifetime, I'd say there were two absolutely major foreign policy successes; one was -- that at least come to mind for me. -
The IDF on All Fronts Dealing with Israeli Strategic Uncertainty ______
FFooccuuss ssttrraattééggiiqquuee nn°° 4455 bbiiss ______________________________________________________________________ The IDF on All Fronts Dealing with Israeli Strategic Uncertainty ______________________________________________________________________ Pierre Razoux August 2013 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Défense The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With office in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of the European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 978-2-36567-192-7 © Ifri – 2013 – All rights reserved All requests for information, reproduction or distribution may be addressed to: [email protected]. Ifri Ifri-Bruxelles 27 rue de la Procession Rue Marie-Thérèse, 21 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE 1000 – Bruxelles – BELGIQUE Tel : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tel : +32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax : +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email : [email protected] Email : [email protected] Website : www.ifri.org “Focus stratégique” Resolving today’s security problems requires an integrated approach. Analysis must be cross-cutting and consider the regional and global dimensions of problems, their technological and military aspects, as well as their media linkages and broader human consequences. -
Georgian Lessons Georgian Georgian Lessons Conflicting Russian and Western Interests
Georgian Lessons Georgian Lessons Conflicting Russian and Western Interests in the Wider Europe A Report of the CSIS New European Democracies Project and the Lavrentis Lavrentiadis Chair in Southeast European Studies 1800 K Street, NW | Washington, DC 20006 author Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 Janusz Bugajski E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org Bugajski November 2010 ISBN 978-0-89206-606-3 CSIS CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & Ë|xHSKITCy066063zv*:+:!:+:! CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Georgian Lessons Conflicting Russian and Western Interests in the Wider Europe A Report of the CSIS New European Democracies Project and the Lavrentis Lavrentiadis Chair in Southeast European Studies author Janusz Bugajski November 2010 About CSIS In an era of ever-changing global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and Inter- national Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmak- ers. CSIS conducts research and analysis and develops policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke at the height of the Cold War, CSIS was dedicated to the simple but urgent goal of finding ways for America to survive as a nation and prosper as a people. Since 1962, CSIS has grown to become one of the world’s preeminent public policy institutions. Today, CSIS is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. More than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated scholars focus their expertise on defense and security; on the world’s regions and the unique challenges inherent to them; and on the issues that know no boundary in an increasingly connected world. -
The ISIS Crisis and the Broken Politics of the Middle East
Key Issues in Religion and World Affairs 1 The ISIS Crisis and the Broken Politics of the Middle East Nader Hashemi University of Denver November, 2016 Introduction When future historians of the Middle East look back on the early 21st century, the rise of The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS or the Islamic State) will be discussed as a key turning point in the politics of the region.1 As a result of Nader Hashemi is Associate Professor at the Josef Korbel ISIS’ expansion in 2014, the boundary between Iraq and School of International Studies, Syria has effectively dissolved. The one hundred year-old University of Denver, and colonial borders of the Middle East have not faced such a Director at the Center for Middle radical restructuring since Gamal Abdel Nasser attempted East Studies. His most recent to unify Egypt and Syria (1958-1961), and Saddam 2 work is called Sectarianism: Hussein’s attempt at annexing Kuwait (1990). While these Mapping the New Politics of the prior attempts to re-fashion borders were short-lived, the Middle East. He specializes in phenomenon of the Islamic State will not disappear as Middle East and Islamic affairs, quickly. In part, this is because the forces that have religion and democracy, produced ISIS are driven not from above, as in the secularism, comparative politics aforementioned cases, but are a result of social conditions and political theory, politics of the that have emerged from below and which have been Middle East, democracy and brewing in the region for some time.3 ISIS is a reflection of human rights, and Islam-West the broken politics in the Middle East that are a product of relations. -
The Impact of Western Powers on the Conflictual Relationship Between Iran and Iraq (1980-2016)
Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 6, 2020 Review Article THE IMPACT OF WESTERN POWERS ON THE CONFLICTUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IRAN AND IRAQ (1980-2016) Saikou Kawsu Gassama1, Mansoureh Ebrahimi1*, Kamaruzaman Yusoff1 1West Asia Civilization Research Group, Islamic Civilization Academy, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. *[email protected] Received: 03.02.2020 Revised: 08.03.2020 Accepted: 12.04.2020 Abstract This article aims to address the politics of conflict between Iran, Iraq and the west from 1980 to 2016. In this study, we analyse the history of western impacts in light of Western foreign policies, and seek solutions for preventing Western impositions. Dynamics responsible for the politics of this conflict and its exacerbation include the role of Western hegemony as played by various actors. A classical realist approach reveals that Western Powers pursued their interests at all costs. We offer an approach to rapprochement between deeply wounded neighbours. These recommendations are offered for strategic considerations with the express purpose of ending or minimizing conflict and promoting peaceful coexistence. Building Iran–Iraq detente will contribute to regional peace and has potential to foster wider confidence and reduced levels of conflict in other regions. Both countries can then dedicate much needed revenues to developing their countries; monies that are currently bled by Western and Israeli arms industries. Key words: Conflictual Relationship, Iran, Iraq, The West. © 2019 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.06.53 INTRODUCTION situation warranted ways and means to curb Iran. -
United States Department of Defense (Defense.Gov) <
United States Department of Defense (defense.gov) < Derek Chollet Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs Derek Chollet is the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (ISA). He is the principal advisor to the Under Secretary of Defense and Secretary of Defense on international security strategy and policy issues related to the nations and international organizations of Europe (including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization), the Middle East, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere. He also has oversight for security cooperation programs, including foreign military sales, in these regions. Prior to being confirmed in May 2012, Mr. Chollet served at The White House as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Strategic Planning on the National Security Council Staff. From February 2009 to 2011, Mr. Chollet served in the State Department as the Principal Deputy Director of the Secretary of State's Policy Planning Staff. From November 2008 to January 2009, he was a member of the Obama-Biden Presidential Transition Team. Previously, Mr. Chollet was a Senior Fellow at The Center for a New American Security (CNAS), a non-resident fellow at the Brookings Institution, and an adjunct associate professor at Georgetown University. During the Clinton Administration he served as Chief Speechwriter for U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Richard Holbrooke, and as Special Adviser to Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott. From 2002 to 2004, Mr. Chollet was foreign policy adviser to U.S. Senator John Edwards (D- N.C.), both on his legislative staff and during the 2004 Kerry-Edwards presidential campaign. Mr. -
BREXIT: Strategic Consequences
Note de recherche stratégique no. 27 – 13 July 2016 BREXIT: Strategic consequences Pierre RAZOUX Research Director at IRSEM1 On 23 June 2016, 52% of the British population (with 72% participation) decided to leave the European Union. As the number of analyses mount in terms of the challenges inherent to what some are already referring to as “the 9/11 of European integration” 2, IRSEM contributes to the debate with this prospective brief. It outlines how in the short term, the vote – welcomed by Russia, Turkey and China, while the US remains sceptical – prefigures a long negotiation process on the exit procedures for the UK, which brings with it the risk of exacerbated divisions within the EU. It encourages populism and foreshadows the diminishment of the CSDP, which systematically leads to the strengthening of NATO’s role in Europe. Most of all, Brexit leaves France alone with Germany, while the United Kingdom risks both economic and strategic downgrading, as Scottish independence is now a plausible scenario. While Brexit should not in theory affect Franco-British defence cooperation, it does suggest a reduced British defence effort in the medium and long term, as well as the risk of partial or total withdrawal of British nuclear deterrence. France would therefore be the only nuclear-weapon state in Europe. In this situation, the strategic link between the United States and NATO would be significantly weakened. In order to maintain a key role in Europe, it would be in France’s best interests to step forward as the natural intermediary between the UK and the EU and cultivate Franco-British defence relations. -
Le Wargaming, Outil Pédagogique Pour Une Réflexion Innovante
Focus Le wargaming, outil pédagogique pour une réflexion innovante Alors même que la pratique professionnelle du wargaming a longtemps souffert d’un manque de notoriété en France, elle connaît depuis 2014-2015 un regain d’intérêt spectaculaire, tout particulièrement dans la sphère institutionnelle liée à la Défense. différents de ceux de ses adversaires ; il doit donc © PR optimiser leur emploi en fonction du scénario re- tenu et des conditions de victoire associées. Cet outil pédagogique présente également l’avan- tage de mettre les participants « dans la tête de l’autre » – adversaire, partenaire ou allié – pour comprendre ses objectifs réels et non pas ceux espérés pour satisfaire une vision politiquement correcte du monde. Prenons un exemple très concret : lors d’une séance de mon wargame FITNA1, centrée sur la situation prospective post-Daech en Syrie, les participants vont s’imprégner des objectifs réelle- ment recherchés par le régime syrien, par l’Iran, la Russie, la Turquie, Israël et les États-Unis et vont tout faire pour les atteindre, n’hésitant pas à nouer les ententes les plus improbables, comme dans la réalité. A l’issue d’un atelier IRSEM2, les par- Un tableau de wargaming centré sur le détroit d’Ormuz. « Que se passerait-il si... ? ». ticipants ressortent tous avec le même constat : « nous décrypterons désormais différemment les Qu’est-ce qu’un wargame ? informations en provenance du Moyen-Orient et nous comprenons l’enjeu des interactions entre Il s’agit d’une forme élaborée de simulation stra- acteurs régionaux ! ». Ce procédé est bien évi- tégique, opérative ou tactique – en fonction du demment transposable à d’autres théâtres de niveau de réflexion que l’on souhaite stimuler – crises avérés (Bande saharo-sahélienne, Corne qui recrée une situation de confrontation armée de l’Afrique) ou potentiels (Europe orientale, Co- passée, présente ou potentiellement future.