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Nonviolence and Peace Psychology
Nonviolence and Peace Psychology For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7298 Daniel M. Mayton II Nonviolence and Peace Psychology Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Societal, and World Peace Daniel M. Mayton II Lewis-Clark State College Lewiston ID USA ISBN 978-0-387-89347-1 e-ISBN 978-0-387-89348-8 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-89348-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009922610 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword The UNESCO constitution, written in 1945, states, “Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.” This is an appeal for peace psychology. It is a call to understand the values, philoso- phies, and competencies needed to build and maintain intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and international peace. -
Post-Election Violence in Kenya
Spontaneous or Premeditated? DISCUSSION PAPER 57 SPONTANEOUS OR PREMEDITATED? Post-Election Violence in Kenya GODWIN R. MURUNGA NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Elections Violence Political violence Political crisis Ethnicity Democratization Kenya The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-694-7 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. Spontaneous or Premeditated? Contents Contents ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................7 Post-Election Violence: Overview of the Literature .............................................................................8 A Note on the Kenyan Democratisation Processes ............................................................................13 Clash of Interpretations ................................................................................................................................17 The Ballot Box and -
Policy Workshop on Japan-Kenya Relations
Policy Workshop on Japan-Kenya Relations May 2014 Embassy of Japan The Embassy of Japan in Kenya will hold a policy workshop on Japan-Kenya relations to advance the momentum enjoyed in 2013 in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. Date: 16th May (Friday) Time: 2:30pm-5:00pm (venue opens at 2pm) Venue: Main Hall of the Japan Information and Culture Centre (JICC) at the Embassy of Japan Tentative Program: Opening Remarks (H.E. Tatsushi Terada, Ambassador of Japan) Remarks by Guest Speaker (15min: Mr. Douglas Wakiihuri, Olympian) Panel Discussion (45min Panel Discussion & 15min Q&A Session for each theme) Theme 1: Overview of Japan-Kenya Bilateral Relations Discussion Topics: History of bilateral relations, uniqueness of Japan’s diplomacy towards Kenya(/Africa), and exchanges of people and culture Facilitator: Mr. Mikio Mori, Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy of Japan Panelists: Prof. Amb. Maria Nzomo, Director of the Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies, University of Nairobi Prof. Peter Kagwanja, Chief Executive, Africa Policy Institute Prof. Macharia Munene, United States International University <Break: 15min> Theme 2: Economic Cooperation Discussion Topics: Tokyo International Conference on African Development, 60th anniversary of Japan’s ODA, and business relations Facilitator: Mr. Hideo Eguchi, Chief Representative of Nairobi Office, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Panelists: Amb. Dennis Awori, Chairman of Toyota Kenya Mr. Yoshiyuki Sato, Founder of Kenya Nuts Company Mr. Denise Kodhe, Executive Director, Institute for Democracy and Leadership in Africa (IDEA) Closing Remarks (Amb. John Lanyasunya, Director of Asia and Australasia Directorate, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade) Invitees: The venue has the capacity of 90 people (plus standing room). -
Can African States Conduct Free and Fair Presidential Elections? Edwin Odhiambo Abuya
Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights Volume 8 | Issue 2 Article 1 Spring 2010 Can African States Conduct Free and Fair Presidential Elections? Edwin Odhiambo Abuya Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr Recommended Citation Edwin Odhiambo Abuya, Can African States Conduct Free and Fair Presidential Elections?, 8 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 122 (2010). http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol8/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Copyright 2010 by Northwestern University School of Law Volume 8, Issue 2 (Spring 2010) Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights Can African States Conduct Free and Fair Presidential Elections? Edwin Odhiambo Abuya* Asiyekubali kushindwa si msihindani.1 I. INTRODUCTION ¶1 Can African States hold free and fair elections? To put it another way, is it possible to conduct presidential elections in Africa that meet internationally recognized standards? These questions can be answered in the affirmative. However, in order to safeguard voting rights, specific reforms must be adopted and implemented on the ground. In keeping with international legal standards on democracy,2 the constitutions of many African states recognize the right to vote.3 This right is reflected in the fact that these states hold regular elections. The right to vote is fundamental in any democratic state, but an entitlement does not guarantee that right simply by providing for elections. -
Post Election Thoughts
COMMENTS ON PETER KAGWANJA’S AND TOM WOLF’S CHAPTERS Macharia Munene Professor of History and International Relations United States International University, Africa [email protected] Heinrich Boll Foundation, University of Nairobi, and Twaweza Communications Symposium on the launch of Kenya’s 2013 Election: Stakes, Practices and Outcome, on January 21, 2016 at the University of Nairobi. COMMENTS ON PETER KAGWANJA’S AND TOM WOLF’S CHAPTERS Macharia Munene Professor of History and International Relations United States International University, Africa [email protected] I Peter Kagwanja and Tom Wolf, uniquely positioned as “insiders”, use their “insight” to make telling statements on the politics of the International Criminal Court, the ICC. They, in their different ways, show how the master states, or the Western Powers, misuse and turn the ICC into a perceived organ of postmodern colonialism. Kagwanja is a prolific columnist and media personality with unusual access to various corridors of power. He is a self-confessed policy advisor to governments, especially that of Mwai Kibaki and Uhuru Kenyatta. Wolf is a self-confessed pollster and has shaped what people think of the ICC and Kenyan politics. Seemingly representing Euro interests, meaning the interests of Western Powers, he probably has access to the corridors of power at Euro embassies and institutions in and out of Nairobi. II The two men are in agreement that the ICC was externally calibrated to stop Uhuru and Ruto from participating in the electoral process and they portray the master states as seemingly believing in their own geopolitical wishes. Western Powers and their local backers, Kagwanja observes, choreographed the ICC politically and “were in a great hurry to intervene.” They wanted to achieve geopolitical objectives which had little to do with objectivity. -
A Research Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of Master of Arts in International Conflict Management
INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT CHANGING STRATEGIES IN COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM IN AFRICA: CASE OF KENYA DENNIS MUNENE MWANIKI R52/8307/2017 A Research Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of The Degree of Master of Arts in International Conflict Management. October 2019 i DECLARATION I Dennis Munene Mwaniki do declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented for an award of Degree of Master of Arts in any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………….. Date: ……………………………………………………….. Dennis Munene Mwaniki This research which is part of my thesis has been submitted to: Signature: …………………………………………….. Date: ………………………………………………… Prof. Maria Nzomo ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to all the security personnel, policymakers and scholars who have devoted themselves to fight the scourge of terrorism and violent extremism in their quest to build a resilient global community that advocates for peaceful coexistence. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I acknowledge with gratitude my supervisor Prof. Maria Nzomo for her guidance in helping me lay the foundation of my thesis. Her intelligence and understanding of the subject matter inspired me to produce a well thought out thesis. Also, deserving immense gratitude is Prof. Peter Kagwanja and Dr. Wilson Muna who have been my intellectual mentors. Exceptional appreciation goes to my dear wife and family members, especially for their support and forbearance during my quest for intellectual growth. Last but not least, I wish to thank all my classmates (specifically James Muiga) and lecturers for shaping my mind during our various discussions in search of lasting solutions to various inter and intra conflicts affecting our country and the global community. -
Makau Mutua, Channel Your Energy to Profitable Enterprises
ISSUE NO. 25, SEPTEMBER 2017 MAKAU MUTUA, CHANNEL YOUR ENERGY TO PROFITABLE ENTERPRISES Peter Kagwanja I wish to thank the Public Editor and the them as such. The Public Editor's path you are management of the Nation Newspapers for using is cheap, parochial, politically motivated copying me in on your exchanges with Makau and out rightly unethical and unprofessional. Mutua relating to me. This is the decent thing to do. On my publishing with the Nation Newspapers (Daily Nation, Sunday Nation and the East Mafia-Style Intellectual African), Mr. Mutua, you should stop hacking the wrong tree. I started publishing in the pages Allow me to address myself directly to Mr. of the Nation Papers as a teenager, at a time Mutua. I would have expected you as a civilized when I had no degree but only an A-Level man Mr. Mutua to write to me before asking certificate. questions about me to a third Party when I am able to answer your questions myself. I only You do not require certificates, big names and know which kindergarten I attended and which titles to qualify to publish a newspaper article! University or institution awarded me degrees To be sure, in the 1993/1994 hiatus, after I was and other titles. I read mischief in your writing. sacked from Moi University for agitating for the It is a mafia-style malicious attempt to arm-twist rights of "professors" through UASU, Nation the Nation Newspapers to drop me as a published my pieces under a pseudo name. columnist and expunge my thoughts from the These were hard times; you were lucky to have Kenyan and world public over ridiculous claims been wallowing in the comfort of America! In a of "professional fraud". -
Chapter 20 Constitutional Commissions And
CHAPTER 20 CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS AND INDEPENDENT OFFICES IN KENYA AND AFRICA: EXPERIENCES, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES1 This Chapter may be cited as: Ben Sihanya (due 2021) “Constitutional Commissions and Independent Offices in Kenya: Experiences, Challenges and Opportunities,” Chapter 20 in Ben Sihanya (due 2021) Constitutional Democracy, Regulatory, and Administrative Law in Kenya and Africa Vol. 1: Presidency, Premier, Legislature, Judiciary, Commissions, Devolution, Bureaucracy and Administrative Justice in Kenya, Sihanya Mentoring Prof Ben Sihanya Advocates, Nairobi & Siaya 20.1 Problem Statement on Kenyan Constitutional Commissions and Independent Offices Why have the Constitutional Commissions and independent offices CCIOs not delivered on the constitutional promise of popular sovereignty, liberty, service delivery and constitutional democracy? Why does tribal colonialism, tyranny and hegemony persist in elections, appointments, contracts, tenders, service delivery and manipulation and intimidation especially in public service in spite of the constitutional commissions and independent offices? In the ensuing sections of this Chapter, an Afro-Kenyanist conceptualisation and problematisation is used in analysing constitutional commissions and independent offices. I have also discussed some of the debates regarding CCIOs in the context of Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) 2019 and 2020 reports, and the Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Bill 2020. Sovereignty has at least three components under the Constitution of Kenya 2010 and in constitutional theory and practice. First, sovereignty is the constitutive power including constitution making and constitutional amendment. Second, sovereignty is the power to elect, impeach or recall governors or rulers. Third, sovereignty is the power to monitor and evaluate the government, governors or rulers, governance and to hold them accountable. This chapter assesses the meaning, mandate, operation and significance of constitutional commissions and independent offices. -
Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists
Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists By Floyd Rudmin Rudmin, Floyd (1991). Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists. In Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 31, No. 2, Spring, pp. 12-43, 1991 Sage Publications, Inc. Floyd Webster Rudmin is a boundary crosser. In many societies (e.g., the Inuit), boundary crossers are obliged to try to interpret and intercede for those on either side of the boundary. Dr. Rudmin completed a B.A. in philosophy at Bowdoin College in Maine, an M. A. in audiology at SUNY Buffalo, and a Ph.D. in social psychology at Queen University in Ontario. He has lived and worked in the United States, the Philippines, Japan, and since 1978 in Canada. His spouse, Toyoko, is Japanese. Their children are schooled in French. The primary focus of Dr. Rudmin research is the psychology of ownership and possession. He is currently an assistant professor in Queen Faculty of Law and School of Business. History of psychology is his pleasure. Peace is his passion. Summary Peace psychology has a history that is both long and prominent. However, that fact is little known and little appreciated, even among contemporary peace-activist psychologists. This article presents 17 brief biographies of psychologists who are part of this important heritage: Pythagoras, Jeremy Bentham, Franz Brentano, William James, August Forel, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, James McKeen Cattell, Mary Whiton Calkins, Alexander Chamberlain, Alfred Adler, William McDougall, Edward Tolman, Gordon Allport, Gustav Ichheiser, Margaret Mead, and Charles Osgood. It is important that more recognition and appreciation be given to the long and prominent history of psychology in peace research and peace activism. -
Peace Psychology Newsletter of the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association
PEACE Psychology Newsletter of the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association Volume 18, Number 2, ASSN 1935 – 4894 • FALL/WINTER 2009 PEACE EDUCATION: Past, Present & Future Clockwise Fall/Winter from right: 2009 Montessori student exploring the world; 2009 Peace Camp Theme; Peace Camper sharesPEACE her feelings Psychology about camp. Contents From the Editor From the Editor ............................................2 Passing the Baton ........................................ 3 his is not the column I initially wrote Some Needed Changes ................................4 for this issue of the Peace Psychology New Blood, Same Dedication......................5 T Newsletter. I tossed that one in the trash (or rather in my computer’s recycle bin) Using Assets for Peace .................................6 once I heard the October 9th announcement Michael R. Recruiting New Division Members .............7 that President Barack Obama had received Hulsizer, Highlighting Student and Early Career the Nobel Peace Prize for “extraordinary ef- Editor Research .......................................................8 forts to strengthen international diplomacy Early Career Award 2010 Announcement ...10 and cooperation between peoples.” McCain went on to state, “I think all of us Peace Psychology Explores Peace with were surprised at the decision, but I think Justice at the 2009 APA Convention........11 I was initially surprised at the selection given Americans are always pleased when their it had been 90 years since a sitting President Solutions to Intergroup Conflict: Constructing president is recognized by something on Sustainable Webs of Peace Builders ............14 (Theodore Roosevelt, 1906 & Woodrow Wil- this order.” Governor Arnold Schwarzeneg- son, 1919) had received the Nobel Peace Prize. Invited Papers ger, R-Calif. -
Psychology of Peace and Mass Violence: Instructional Resources
PSYCHOLOGY OF PEACE AND MASS VIOLENCE: INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES Linda M. Woolf & Michael R. Hulsizer, Webster University (2004) Overview This document* consists of resource materials for developing whole courses and lectures on mass violence and peace. For incorporating specific topics into existing courses, lecture suggestions and selected references are given. For developing and revising whole courses, sample syllabi are provided. In addition, lists of relevant videotapes, Internet sites/listservs, and professional organizations are included. * See the companion documents: 1) Psychology Of Peace and Mass Violence -- War, Ethnopolitical Conflict, Terrorism, and Peace: Informational Resources and 2) Psychology Of Peace and Mass Violence -- Genocide, Torture, and Human Rights: Informational Resources Outline of Contents I. Internationalizing the Psychology Curriculum and Promoting Social Responsibility This introductory section discusses why the psychology of peace and mass violence should be incorporated into existing psychology courses as well as developed into full courses. II. Incorporating Topics into Existing Courses: Lecture Suggestions This section offers lecture suggestions and recommended readings for use within traditional psychology courses and is organized by course titles in alphabetical order. Suggestions are given for the following courses: Abnormal Psychology, Clinical/Counseling Psychology, Community Psychology and Health Psychology, Cross-Cultural Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Ethics, History and Systems of Psychology, Introductory Psychology, Learning and Cognition, Media and Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Personality Theories, Political Psychology, Psychology and Women, Research Methods, School Psychology, and Social Psychology. III. Whole Courses on Selected Topics: Sample Syllabi Sample course syllabi are provided for five courses: 1) Altruism and Aggression, 2) Genocide: A Psychosocial Perspective, 3) The Holocaust, 4) Psychology of Peace and Conflict, and 5) Psychosocial Perspectives on Terrorism. -
Peace Psychology for a Peaceful World
Peace Psychology for a Peaceful World Daniel J. Christie Ohio State University at Marion Barbara S. Tint Portland State University Richard V. Wagner Bates College Deborah DuNann Winter Whitman College Although the literature in peace psychology has been grow- peace studies (Barash & Webel, 2002) is a psychologist, ing rapidly, many American psychologists are unaware of and the text has a substantial amount of psychological how conflict is resolved and peace is conceptualized and content. achieved. This article reviews the long history and broad- The Division of Peace Psychology (Division 48), ening scope of peace psychology and introduces a model of which was established in 1991, shares with the American peace that is useful for organizing the literature. The model Psychological Association (APA) a commitment to pro- suggests that peace can be facilitated at four different moting human well-being. The goals of peace psychology points of intervention. The authors discuss relationships are to “increase and apply psychological knowledge in the between positive and negative peace, structural and direct pursuit of peace . [including] both the absence of de- violence, and peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuild- structive conflict and the creation of positive social condi- ing. They advance some challenges for peace psychologists tions which minimize destructiveness and promote human and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial field for well-being” (Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and grappling with humanity’s most pressing problems in the Violence, 2006, para. 3). coming decades. The lack of knowledge about the psychology of peace reinforces a faulty assumption that peace is precarious, Keywords: peace psychology, positive peace, negative unusual, short-lived, or fragile and that the true state of peace, conflict, violence human affairs arises from deep-rooted urges for aggression, which sooner or later give rise to violence and war.