DOCSLIB.ORG

Peace Psychology for a Peaceful World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Peace Psychology for a Peaceful World Peace Psychology for a Peaceful World Daniel J. Christie Ohio State University at Marion Barbara S. Tint Portland State University Richard V. Wagner Bates College Deborah DuNann Winter Whitman College Although the literature in peace psychology has been grow- peace studies (Barash & Webel, 2002) is a psychologist, ing rapidly, many American psychologists are unaware of and the text has a substantial amount of psychological how conflict is resolved and peace is conceptualized and content. achieved. This article reviews the long history and broad- The Division of Peace Psychology (Division 48), ening scope of peace psychology and introduces a model of which was established in 1991, shares with the American peace that is useful for organizing the literature. The model Psychological Association (APA) a commitment to pro- suggests that peace can be facilitated at four different moting human well-being. The goals of peace psychology points of intervention. The authors discuss relationships are to “increase and apply psychological knowledge in the between positive and negative peace, structural and direct pursuit of peace . [including] both the absence of de- violence, and peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuild- structive conflict and the creation of positive social condi- ing. They advance some challenges for peace psychologists tions which minimize destructiveness and promote human and conclude that peace psychology is a crucial field for well-being” (Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and grappling with humanity’s most pressing problems in the Violence, 2006, para. 3). coming decades. The lack of knowledge about the psychology of peace reinforces a faulty assumption that peace is precarious, Keywords: peace psychology, positive peace, negative unusual, short-lived, or fragile and that the true state of peace, conflict, violence human affairs arises from deep-rooted urges for aggression, which sooner or later give rise to violence and war. Such lthough human beings manage to resolve their assumptions contradict empirical evidence (Adams, Bar- conflicts peacefully much more often than they nett, Bechtereva, & Carter, 1990; Ury, 1999) and also resort to violence, many American psychologists A increase the probability of violence, because often, at- remain largely unaware of how peace is accomplished. The tempts to defend against assault are interpreted by adver- comparative psychologist Franz deWaal (1989) once la- saries as aggressive behaviors (Jervis, 1989; Winter & mented that he had Cava, 2006). asked a world-renowned American psychologist, who specializes Clearly, human beings have abilities to manufacture in human aggression, what he knew about reconciliation. Not only both peace and violence. As Deutsch (1999) put it, did he have no information on the subject, but he looked at me as if the word were new to him. He reflected on my remarks, yet Humans have the potential for a wide range of thought, feeling, the concept had evidently never taken center stage in his thinking. and behavior: the potential for love as well as hate, for construc- (pp. 233–234) tive as well as destructive behavior, for “we” as well as “us versus them.” There is no reason to assume that one potential or another In fact, work on the psychology of peace has been is inherently pre-potent without regard to particular personal and accumulating for decades, yet it is still an emerging area of social circumstances as well as life history. (p. 19) inquiry for the larger psychological community. A signif- Finally, ignorance about the rich domain of peace icant increase in literature on peace psychology is evident psychology prevents practitioners from applying its valu- in several databases (Blumberg, 2007). Since the 1970s, able insights to promote peace in families, workplaces, peace psychology citations increased not only in absolute communities, and between nations. Such ignorance denies terms but also in proportion to the growing number of citizens and policymakers insights that could inform their records added to the PsycINFO database. Several thousand approach to critical issues such as the best ways of pre- research studies on peace psychology since the Cold War were reviewed in the recent publication Peace Psychology: A Comprehensive Introduction (Blumberg, Hare, & Costin, Daniel J. Christie, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 2007). Moreover, although the recent emergence of posi- Marion; Barbara S. Tint, Conflict Resolution Graduate Program, Portland tive psychology converges with peace psychology’s em- State University; Richard V. Wagner, Department of Psychology, Bates phasis on the creation of positive social conditions, we are College; Deborah DuNann Winter, Department of Psychology, Whitman College. aware of no introductory psychology text that has a chapter Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to devoted to peace psychology. Ironically, the lead author of Daniel J. Christie, 351 Hawthorn Boulevard, Delaware, OH 43015. E- the most widely used text in the interdisciplinary field of mail: [email protected] 540 September 2008 ● American Psychologist Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association 0003-066X/08/$12.00 Vol. 63, No. 6, 540–552 DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.540 By the close of World War II, 13 well-known Amer- ican psychologists (including Gordon Allport, Edna Heid- breder, Ernest Hilgard, Otto Klineberg, Rensis Likert, and Edward Tolman) circulated a “Psychologists’ Manifesto: Human Nature and the Peace: A Statement by Psycholo- gists” (reprinted in Jacobs, 1989, and in Murphy, 1945), which was signed by almost 4,000 psychologists (M. B. Smith, 1999). The Manifesto argued that “war can be avoided: War is built, not born” and urged lawmakers to work toward peace with attention to “the root desires of the common people of all lands” (M. B. Smith, 1999, p. 5). For several decades thereafter, social psychologists accrued insights about the situational mechanisms that pro- duce conflict and contemplated how situations might be altered to create peace. For example, Allport (1954) argued that conflict escalates from ignorance of one’s adversaries and that contact between groups in conflict is crucial for reducing enmity and prejudice. That same year, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed, ruling in favor of school desegre- gation to reduce racism. However, desegregation produced Daniel mixed results, and social scientists have since sought to J. Christie clarify conditions under which contact is likely to be ef- fective (e.g., cooperative interdependence, equal status, support from authorities; Pettigrew, 1998; Wittig & Grant- Thompson, 1998). Closely aligned with the various formu- venting terrorism, the costs and impact of torture, and lations of the contact hypothesis is the powerful effect of possible means of ameliorating protracted conflicts. Lack superordinate goals, that is, shared goals that parties in of visibility and misconceptions about the psychology of conflict can only attain through mutual effort. Such positive peace also hinder the attraction of new students and schol- interdependence can transform group conflict into cooper- ars to the field. ation (Sherif & Sherif, 1953), provided the goals are at- For these reasons, we present a current synopsis of tained (Worchel, 1986). peace psychology, outlining its rich history, scope, and promise. Our intention is to articulate its themes by pro- Cold War Peace Psychology viding both a historical account and a new model that The Cold War created widespread fear of nuclear annihi- represents the current state of the field. Our hope is to make lation, which supported further work in peace psychology. peace psychology more accessible to the broader commu- In 1961, a collection of articles on “Psychology and Policy nity of psychologists and, by doing so, to promote scholarly in the Nuclear Age” was published in the Journal of Social development and citizen awareness in the interest of con- Issues (Russell, 1961). The articles were written by well- tributing to a more peaceful world. respected psychologists who advanced some of the most Historical Roots of Peace Psychology durable concepts in peace psychology. For example, Urie Bronfenbrenner (1961) argued that the United States and Long before there was a field known as peace psy- the U.S.S.R. held mirror images of one another; Charles chology, psychologists were concerned about wars and Osgood (1962) promoted graduated and reciprocal initia- how to prevent them. Perhaps the first peace psychologist tives in tension reduction, or GRIT, as a means of coun- was William James (Deutsch, 1995), who, in a speech at tering enemies’ perceptions of each other’s malevolent, Stanford University in 1906, coined the phrase “the moral deceitful intent; and Morton Deutsch (1961) noted how the equivalent of war” (James, 1910/1995, p. 22). James ar- interaction of trust or distrust and the perception of supe- gued that war provides human beings with opportunities to riority or vulnerability led to the policy of mutual deter- express their spiritual inclinations toward self-sacrifice and rence, which guided much of the superpowers’ foreign personal honor; consequently, to end war, societies must policies during the Cold War. Many of these concepts were find alternative “moral equivalents” for the expression of further developed in books published during the Vietnam these profoundly important human values (James, 1910/ War, such as Misperception and the Vietnam War (White, 1995). Though his proposal to create a young citizens
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nonviolence and Peace Psychology
    Nonviolence and Peace Psychology For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7298 Daniel M. Mayton II Nonviolence and Peace Psychology Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Societal, and World Peace Daniel M. Mayton II Lewis-Clark State College Lewiston ID USA ISBN 978-0-387-89347-1 e-ISBN 978-0-387-89348-8 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-89348-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009922610 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword The UNESCO constitution, written in 1945, states, “Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.” This is an appeal for peace psychology. It is a call to understand the values, philoso- phies, and competencies needed to build and maintain intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, and international peace.
    [Show full text]
  • Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists
    Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists By Floyd Rudmin Rudmin, Floyd (1991). Seventeen Early Peace Psychologists. In Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 31, No. 2, Spring, pp. 12-43, 1991 Sage Publications, Inc. Floyd Webster Rudmin is a boundary crosser. In many societies (e.g., the Inuit), boundary crossers are obliged to try to interpret and intercede for those on either side of the boundary. Dr. Rudmin completed a B.A. in philosophy at Bowdoin College in Maine, an M. A. in audiology at SUNY Buffalo, and a Ph.D. in social psychology at Queen University in Ontario. He has lived and worked in the United States, the Philippines, Japan, and since 1978 in Canada. His spouse, Toyoko, is Japanese. Their children are schooled in French. The primary focus of Dr. Rudmin research is the psychology of ownership and possession. He is currently an assistant professor in Queen Faculty of Law and School of Business. History of psychology is his pleasure. Peace is his passion. Summary Peace psychology has a history that is both long and prominent. However, that fact is little known and little appreciated, even among contemporary peace-activist psychologists. This article presents 17 brief biographies of psychologists who are part of this important heritage: Pythagoras, Jeremy Bentham, Franz Brentano, William James, August Forel, Ivan Pavlov, Sigmund Freud, James McKeen Cattell, Mary Whiton Calkins, Alexander Chamberlain, Alfred Adler, William McDougall, Edward Tolman, Gordon Allport, Gustav Ichheiser, Margaret Mead, and Charles Osgood. It is important that more recognition and appreciation be given to the long and prominent history of psychology in peace research and peace activism.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Psychology Newsletter of the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association
    PEACE Psychology Newsletter of the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology Division of the American Psychological Association Volume 18, Number 2, ASSN 1935 – 4894 • FALL/WINTER 2009 PEACE EDUCATION: Past, Present & Future Clockwise Fall/Winter from right: 2009 Montessori student exploring the world; 2009 Peace Camp Theme; Peace Camper sharesPEACE her feelings Psychology about camp. Contents From the Editor From the Editor ............................................2 Passing the Baton ........................................ 3 his is not the column I initially wrote Some Needed Changes ................................4 for this issue of the Peace Psychology New Blood, Same Dedication......................5 T Newsletter. I tossed that one in the trash (or rather in my computer’s recycle bin) Using Assets for Peace .................................6 once I heard the October 9th announcement Michael R. Recruiting New Division Members .............7 that President Barack Obama had received Hulsizer, Highlighting Student and Early Career the Nobel Peace Prize for “extraordinary ef- Editor Research .......................................................8 forts to strengthen international diplomacy Early Career Award 2010 Announcement ...10 and cooperation between peoples.” McCain went on to state, “I think all of us Peace Psychology Explores Peace with were surprised at the decision, but I think Justice at the 2009 APA Convention........11 I was initially surprised at the selection given Americans are always pleased when their it had been 90 years since a sitting President Solutions to Intergroup Conflict: Constructing president is recognized by something on Sustainable Webs of Peace Builders ............14 (Theodore Roosevelt, 1906 & Woodrow Wil- this order.” Governor Arnold Schwarzeneg- son, 1919) had received the Nobel Peace Prize. Invited Papers ger, R-Calif.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychology of Peace and Mass Violence: Instructional Resources
    PSYCHOLOGY OF PEACE AND MASS VIOLENCE: INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES Linda M. Woolf & Michael R. Hulsizer, Webster University (2004) Overview This document* consists of resource materials for developing whole courses and lectures on mass violence and peace. For incorporating specific topics into existing courses, lecture suggestions and selected references are given. For developing and revising whole courses, sample syllabi are provided. In addition, lists of relevant videotapes, Internet sites/listservs, and professional organizations are included. * See the companion documents: 1) Psychology Of Peace and Mass Violence -- War, Ethnopolitical Conflict, Terrorism, and Peace: Informational Resources and 2) Psychology Of Peace and Mass Violence -- Genocide, Torture, and Human Rights: Informational Resources Outline of Contents I. Internationalizing the Psychology Curriculum and Promoting Social Responsibility This introductory section discusses why the psychology of peace and mass violence should be incorporated into existing psychology courses as well as developed into full courses. II. Incorporating Topics into Existing Courses: Lecture Suggestions This section offers lecture suggestions and recommended readings for use within traditional psychology courses and is organized by course titles in alphabetical order. Suggestions are given for the following courses: Abnormal Psychology, Clinical/Counseling Psychology, Community Psychology and Health Psychology, Cross-Cultural Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Ethics, History and Systems of Psychology, Introductory Psychology, Learning and Cognition, Media and Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Personality Theories, Political Psychology, Psychology and Women, Research Methods, School Psychology, and Social Psychology. III. Whole Courses on Selected Topics: Sample Syllabi Sample course syllabi are provided for five courses: 1) Altruism and Aggression, 2) Genocide: A Psychosocial Perspective, 3) The Holocaust, 4) Psychology of Peace and Conflict, and 5) Psychosocial Perspectives on Terrorism.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Are There So Few Peace Psychology Courses Taught? What Can We Do to Change This?
    Teaching Peace Psychology Courses: Rationale and Suggestions Anthony J. Marsella December 2012 Why Are There So Few Peace Psychology Courses Taught? What Can We Do To Change This? I. INTRODUCTION Although we have no exact figures on the number of courses in peace psychology that are taught in undergraduate and graduate psychology departments the United States, it seems to me on the basis of available materials that there it is at best a limited number. One leading figure in the field I consulted suggested there may be 30-40 courses in peace psychology currently being taught. However, even this person was unsure, and he concluded the number is negligible. To be sure, courses in social psychology are taught in most psychology training programs, and these courses often include material on group conflict, conflict resolution, and related peace-psychology topics; but, in reality, this constitutes minimal coverage when we consider that local, national, and global peace problems are the most pressing challenges of our times. A decade ago, Woolf & Hulsizer (2003) noted that psychology has long had an interest in peace and conflict topics, but little efforts has been made to formalize this at curriculum levels. They write: From the very beginning, psychology in the United States has concerned itself with issues of peace and conflict. For example, the early writings of William James included essays on peace and war. Following World War II, research on the nature of interpersonal and intergroup violence burgeoned. Much of this research was immediately incorporated into psychology courses. Indeed, all the major social psychology textbooks and many introductory psychology books contain extensive writings devoted to the antecedents of aggression.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Psychology in Asia Senior Editorial Advisory Board
    Peace Psychology in Asia Senior Editorial Advisory Board James Liu Diane Bretherton Joseph Camilleri Susan McKay Emiko Kashima Yoshihisa Kashima Kwok Leung Cristina Jayme Montiel · Noraini M. Noor Editors Peace Psychology in Asia 123 Editors Cristina Jayme Montiel Noraini M. Noor Psychology Department International Islamic University Malaysia Ateneo de Manila University 53100 Kuala Lumpur PO Box 154, 1099 Manila Jalan Gombak Philippines Malaysia ISBN 978-1-4419-0142-2 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-0143-9 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0143-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009928679 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword The region of Asia has traditionally been acknowledged as a place of peace and harmony, attributed in great part to Eastern cosmology that upholds a philosophy of respecting diversity and creating harmony between human–God, human–human, and human–nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace and Justice Studies 1
    Peace and Justice Studies 1 Peace and Justice Studies Dr. Nuwan Jayawickreme Director of the Program Peace and Justice Studies is the academic program that embraces Manhattan College’s Lasallian commitment to advancing social justice. One of the oldest programs of its kind in the United States, the Peace and Justice Studies program is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing on the strength of faculty in areas such as Communications, Economics, English, Environmental Science, History, Management, Modern Languages, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, and Religious Studies. The program’s fundamental goal is to understand and evaluate structural injustice, the aspects of human nature that lead to violence and war, and the work of social movements that seek to realize peace, nonviolence, and social justice. Manhattan College offers Peace and Justice Studies as a major or minor field of study leading to the B.A. degree. It is encouraged that students interested in a major in Peace and Justice Studies pair it with a major in another academic discipline. Peace and Justice Studies is housed in the School of Liberal Arts, but is also available as a major or minor for students in the Schools of Science and Engineering, and is possible as a minor for students in the School of Business. Goals of the Peace and Justice Studies Major A Major in Peace and Justice Studies will be able to: • Identify current issues of conflict and injustice. • Fulfilled by Conflicts and Injustices and Internship course requirement • Describe normative models about peace, nonviolence, and social justice. • Fulfilled by Introduction to Peace and Justice Studies course requirement and Concepts in Peace and Justice Studies course requirement (2 courses in 2 different departments) • Explain how both the psychological make-up of humans and social structures promote conflict and injustice and/or promote positive peace and social justice.
    [Show full text]
  • PEACE STUDIES SYLLABUS 01-03-02.Fm
    Introduction to Peace Studies and Peace Psychology PSTD 101 / ID 101 / PSYCH 176 Spring 2002 Professor de Rivera Teaching Assistants: Nina Olson, Bisika Thapa Peace Studies is a new interdisciplinary, problem-oriented field. The problem it addresses is simple to pose: How can we humans manage the conflicts between us so that these conflicts result in justice and creative development rather than destruction? These conflicts may be international (such as the conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir), or within a society (such as the conflict between rich and poor, ethnic groups, or Clarkies and Main South), or personal (between roommates or within ourselves). Hence, the problem of managing conflict exists in three arenas: In our own personal lives (within us and in our personal relationships), in local communities and the society in which we live, and in our relations with other states and nations in the world. We will be addressing conflict on all three of these levels and making use of material from many disciplines such as psychology, sociology, government, economics, and international development. After exploring some of the roots of human conflict, we will look at four "paths" to the resolution of conflict: strength, negoti- ation, justice, and personal transformation. Along each path, we will survey some of the organizations that are actively working towards peace and justice, and the strategies they use. Studying peace involves values and may seem idealistic. In fact, it is very practical and may help you both in your personal life and in getting a good job. Both business and non-profit organizations want people who can deal with conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationships and World Peace: a Peace Movement Survey. Alvany
    International Journal of Peace Studies, Volume 18, Number 2, Winter 2013 Relationships and World Peace: A Peace Movement Survey. Alvany Maria dos Santos Santiago Agnaldo Garcia Abstract This study aims to investigate the role of different levels of relationships (interpersonal, intergroup and international) to promote world peace in accordance with the vision of the participants of the organization / movement Servas International. The frameworks are the studies about interpersonal relationship and Peace Psychology. Its approach is qualitative and the sample consisted of ten of Servas’s leaders around the world, centering in providing and analyzing a number of personal contacts which each participant has made through the Servas and the participants’ perspective on how interpersonal relationships have affected the international peace. Servas is an international, non- governmental, multicultural peace association run by volunteers in over 100 countries. Founded in 1949 as a peace movement, Servas International is a non-profit organization, working to build understanding, tolerance and world peace. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, which lasted for about an hour each , and were analyzed by content analysis. Results indicate the importance of interpersonal relationships to world peace, since it starts with contact between two people that can spread their experiences to the groups and to the nations. However this contact must be qualified in the sense that the person should be open to contact to different people of different races, religions, cultures, and countries to overcome prejudices and to break stereotypes. Introduction: Relationships and Peace It has been argued that peace begins with people, but few studies have been undertaken in this sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonviolence and Peace Psychology Series: Peace Psychology Book Series
    D. Mayton II Nonviolence and Peace Psychology Series: Peace Psychology Book Series ▶ The emphasis on methodological issues pertaining to research on nonviolence should be attractive to researchers and graduate students ▶ Includes the treatment of both the macro and micro aspects of nonviolence ▶ Selected chapters includes annotated bibliographies to highlight further readings that elaborate on issues discussed ▶ The notion of looking at nonviolence has become popular from political, sociological, anthropological, and historical perspectives ▶ Makes the psychology of nonviolence accessible to academics and professionals 2009, XVIII, 294 p. 8 illus. Recent trends and events worldwide have increased public interest in nonviolence, pacifism, and peace psychology as well as professional interest across the social sciences. Nonviolence and Peace Psychology assembles multiple perspectives to create Printed book a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the concepts and phenomena of nonviolence than is usually seen on the subject. Through this diverse literature— Hardcover spanning psychology, political science, religious studies, anthropology, and sociology 159,99 € | £139.99 | $199.99 ▶ —peace psychologist Dan Mayton gives readers the opportunity to view nonviolence *171,19 € (D) | 175,99 € (A) | CHF 189.00 ▶ as a body of principles, a system of pragmatics, and a strategy for social change. This important volume: eBook Available from your bookstore or • Draws critical distinctions between nonviolence, pacifism, and related concepts. ▶ springer.com/shop • Classifies nonviolence in terms of its scope (intrapersonal, interpersonal, societal, global) and pacifism according to political and situational dimensions. MyCopy • Applies standard psychological concepts such as beliefs, motives, dispositions, and values to define nonviolent actions and behaviors. Printed eBook for just • Brings sociohistorical and cross-cultural context to peace psychology.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21St Century by Daniel J
    Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century by Daniel J. J. Christie, Wagner, Richard V. Wagner, Deborah DuNann Winter, Daniel J. Christie Table of Contents I. DIRECT VIOLENCE. 1. Intimate Violence, Naomi Abrahams. 2. Anti-Gay/Lesbian Violence in the United States, Bianca Cody Murphy. 3. Intrastate Violence, Ulrike Niens and Ed Cairns. 4. Nationalism and War: A Social-Psychological Perspective, Daniel Druckman. 5. Integrative Complexity and Political Decisions That Lead to War or Peace, Lucien Gideon Conway III, Peter Suedfeld, and Philip E. Tetlock. 6. Genocide and Mass Killing: Their Roots and Prevention, Ervin Staub. 7. Weapons of Mass Destruction, Michael Britton. II. STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE. 8. Social Injustice, Susan Opotow. 9. The War Close to Home: Children and Violence in the United States, Kathleen Kostelny and James Garbarino. 10. Children and Structural Violence, Milton Schwebel and Daniel J. Christie. 11. Women, Girls, and Structural Violence: A Global Analysis, Dyan Mazurana and Susan McKay. 12. Understanding Militarism: Money, Masculinity, and the Search for the Mystical, Deborah Du Nann Winter and Marc Pilisuk, Sara Houck and Matthew Lee. 13. Globalism and Structural Violence, Marc Pilisuk. 14. Human Rights Violations as Structural Violence, M. Brinton Lykes. III. PEACEMAKING. 15. U.N. Peacekeeping: Confronting the Psychological Environment of War in the Twenty-First Century, Harvey Langholtz and Peter Leendjes. 16. The Cultural Context of Peacemaking, Paul B. Pedersen. 17. Conflict Resolution: Theoretical and Practical Issues, Ann Sanson and Di Bretherton. 18. Crafting Peace: On the Psychology of the Transcend Approach, Johan Galtung and Finn Tschudi. 19. Introducing Cooperation and Conflict Resolution into Schools: A Systems Approach, Peter Coleman and MortonDeutsch.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace, Conflict, and Violence
    Christie, D. J., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. A. (Eds.). (2001). Peace, Conflict, and Vio- lence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Note: Copyright reverted to editors (2007). Permission is granted for downloading and copying. PEACE, CONFLICT, AND VIOLENCE Peace Psychology for the 21st Century Daniel J. Christie OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Richard V. Wagner BATES COLLEGE Deborah Du Nann Winter WHITMAN COLLEGE TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to Peace Psychology 1 Daniel J. Christie, Richard V. Wagner, and Deborah Du Nann Winter SECTION I: DIRECT VIOLENCE 15 RICHARD V. WAGNER 1 Intimate Violence 19 Naomi Abrahams 1 2 Anti-Gay/Lesbian Violence in the United States 28 Bianca Cody Murphy 3 Intrastate Violence 39 Ulrike Niens and Ed Cairns 4 Nationalism and War: A Social-Psychological Perspective 49 Daniel Druckman 5 Integrative Complexity & Political Decisions that Lead to War or Peace 66 Lucian Gideon Conway III, Peter Suedfeld, and Philip E. Tetlock 6 Genocide and Mass Killing: Their Roots and Prevention 76 Ervin Staub 7 Weapons of Mass Descruction 87 Michael Britton SECTION II: STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE 99 Deborah Du Nann Winter and Dana C. Leighton 8 Social Injustice 102 Susan Opotow 9 The War Close to Home: Children and Violence in the United States 110 2 Kathleen Kostelny and James Garbarino 10 Children and Structural Violence 120 Milton Schwebel and Daniel J. Christie 11 Women, Girls, and Structural Violence: A Global Analysis 130 Dyan Mazurana and Susan McKay 12 Understanding Militarism: Money, Masculinity, and the Search for the Mystical 139 Deborah Du Nann Winter, Marc Pilisuk, Sara Houck, and Matthew Lee 13 Globalism and Structural Violence 149 Marc Pilisuk 14 Human Rights Violations as Structural Violence 158 M.
    [Show full text]