DOCSLIB.ORG

Handbuch Der Orientalistik

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Handbuch Der Orientalistik HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK Herausgegeben von B. S p u l e r unter Mitarbeit von C. v a n D ijk, H . F r a n k e , J. G o n d a , H . H a m m it z s g h , W . H e l c k , B. H r o u d a , D. S in o r , J. S t a r g a r d t und F. Vos HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK ANCIENT JEWISH ART SIEBENTE ABTEILUNG KUNST UND ARCHÄOLOGIE AND ARCHAEOLOGY H erausgegeben v o n J. STARGARDT IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL ERSTER BAND BY DER ALTE VORDERE ORIENT ZWEITER ABSCHNITT RACHEL HACHLILI DIE DENKMÄLER H erausgegeben v o n B. H R O U D A B — VORDERASIEN LIEFERUNG 4 ANCIENT JEWISH ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL *OA B / Ä -Jigs[# ^ M w i A E .J . B R IL L LEIDEN · NEW YORK · K0BENHAVN · KÖLN 1988 TO M Y F AM ILY GAD Publication Data־Library of Congress Cataloging-in GUY,; SIGAL, N IV Hachlili, Rachel. Ancient Jewish art and archaeology in the land of Israel. (Handbuch der Orientalistik. 7. Abteilung, Kunst und Archäologie, ISSN 0169-9474; 1. Bd., Der alte Vordere Orient, 2. Abschnitt, Die Denkmäler, B, Vorderasien, Lfg. 4) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Palestine—Antiquities. 2. Excavations (Archaeology)—Palestine. 3. Jewish art and symbolism— Palestine. 4. Art, Jewish—Palestine. 5. Synagogue architecture—Palestine. 6. Synagogue art—Palestine. I. Title. II. Series: Handbuch der Orientalistik. Siebente Abteilung, Kunst und Archäologie; 1. Bd., 2. Abschnitt, B, Lfg. 4. DS111.8.H33 1987 933’.05 87-8039 ISBN 90-04-08.115-1 ISSN 0169-9474 ISBN 90 04 08115 a © Copyright 1988 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands A ll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the publisher PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS ! ' ; ־! . - 9 CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................. xi List of Plates .......................... xvn Acknowledgements ........... xx Foreword ............................................ xxi Abbreviations .............. , .............................. xxiv Introduction ....................... .................. — ........... 1 Historical Background ....................... :....................................................................... 3 P a r t O n e JEWISH ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD I. Architecture....................................... 9 A) Hasmonean Architecture....... 9 B) Herodian Architecture............ 11 1. Characteristic Features...... 13 2. Sources and Influences...... 14 3. MaJor Building ProJects: .. 15 a) The Temple.................... 17 b) Palaces ............................ 32 c) Fortresses......................... 45 d) Jerusalem City Walls ... 51 e) Caesarea H a rb o u r____ 53 4. Other Herodian Structures 55 II. A rt.......................................................................................................... 65 A) Floor Pavements................................................. 65 B) Wall Painting ............................................................................. 67 C) Stucco.......................................................... 71 D) Stone Carving and Stonemasons............................................ 72 E) Motifs.......................................................................................... 79 VIII CONTENTS CONTENTS IX III. Second Temple Period Synagogues 84 2. The Ritual ObJects.................... 256 3. The Ark of the Scrolls....................................................... 272 IV. Funerary Customs and Art 89 4. The C o n ch ............................................................................ 280 A) Burial Customs 89 B) Figurative Art... ........................................... 285 B) Funerary A r t 103 1. Biblical Scenes................................................................. 287 V. Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls 120 2. Mythological and Pagan representations....................... 301 A) Qumran 120 3. The Zodiac Panel............................................................... 301 B) The Qumran Library 123 4. Inhabited Scrolls.............. 310 C) Community Customs and Organization — 125 D) The Identification of the Qumran Sect with the Essenes 127 X. Motifs of Jewish Art ................ 317 VI. The Bar Kokhba Period 128 X I. Composition and Style..................................................................... 347 A) Mosaic Floor Composition and Style................. 347 Part T wo B) Relief and Sculpture Composition and Style ............... 364 JEWISH ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN LATE ANTIQUITY X II. Origins and Sources of Jewish Art .............................................. 366 A) Oriental Elements in Jewish Art.......................'................. 366 VII. The Synagogue 135 B) Hellenistic-Roman Elements and Sources of Jewish Art. 368 ׳A) The Location of the Synagogue 135 C) Byzantine Elements in Jewish Art......................................... 369 B) The Origin and History of the Synagogue 135 C) The Function of the Synagogue Compared to the Jerusa­ lem Temple 138 X III. A Comparison between Jewish and Christian Art.................. 370 D) The Synagogue and the Community.... 139 A) The Parallel but Separate Development of Synagogue and Church Mosaic Pavements.................... 370 VIII. Synagogue Architecture and Decoration 141 B) A Comparison of Biblical Scenes in both Jewish and A) Characteristic Features of Synagogue Architecture 143 Christian Art ....................................................... 373 1. The Facade 143 C) Architectural Comparison ..................... 374 2. The Torah Shrine: the Focal Point 166 3. The G allery ... 194 X IV. Distinguishing Features of Jewish A rt ........................................ 376 B) Synagogue A r t 199 A) Unidentical Symmetrical Composition................................ 376 1. Architectural Ornamentation 200 B) Iconographically-Decorated Functional Mosaic Floors 379 2. Floor Pavem ents 221 C) Intentional Imperfection in Jewish Funerary A rt............. 380 3. Frescoes 224 C) Synagogue Inscriptions * 225 D) Conclusions 227 X V. Artists and Pattern Books............................................................... 383 A) Artists, Craftsmen and Workshops...................................... 383 IX. Iconography and Symbolism 234 1. Jewish Artists..................................... 386 A) Jewish Symbols 234 2. Beth Shecarim Workshops ................................................ 387 1. The Menorah 236 3. Craftsmen and Workshops............................T................... 388 X CONTENTS B)Pattern Books ............................................................................ 391 1. Pattern Books for Mosaic Pavements .......... 391 LISTS OF FIGURES 2. Jewish Pattern Books............................................................ 393 Chapter 1 X VI. Dating of the Synagogue..................................... · 396 1 The Hasmonean Palace Complex, Jericho (after Netzer 1983: 100). 2 Jerusalem in the Second Temple Period. X VII. Conclusions......................................................................................... 401 3a Plan of the Second Temple. 3b Reconstruction of the Temple on the Temple Mount (after Ben Dov 1982: 98). Bibliography.................................................................................................................... 405 4 Reconstructions of the Temple Mount (after Ben Dov 1982: 98-99). 5 Plan of the Temple Mount (after Avi-Yonah). G lossary............................................................. ............................................................. 417 6 Reconstruction of the Nicanor Gate (after Avi-Yonah). 7a Reconstruction of the Temple facade (after Avi-Yonah 1956: fig. 6). Chronology of the Hasmonean and Herodian Dynasties in the Second 7b The Dura Europos fresco (after Avi-Yonah 1956: fig. 5). Temple Period .................................... ^18 7c The Bar Kokhba Coin (after Avi-Yonah 1956: fig. 4). 8a The Gates at the Western Wall (after Ben-Dov 1983: 141). Index ................................................................. ^19 8b The Eastern Gate of the Temple Mount (after Ben-Dov 1983: pp. 136, 138, 139). 9a-c Huldah Gates, Jerusalem (after Ben Dov 1983: 152). 10 The Winter Palaces at Jericho: The Hasmonean Palace.(a) Herod’s Winter Palace I.(b) Herod’s Plates Winter Palace II.(c) Herod’s Winter Palace III.(d) (after Netzer 1983: 97). 11 Jericho Winter Palace II (after Netzer 1983: 105). 12 Jericho Winter Palace III Complex (after Netzer 1983: 105). 13 Reconstruction of Jericho Winter Palace III (after Netzer 1975: fig. 4). 14 Plan of Greater Herodium (after Netzer 1981a: ill. 85). 15 Herodian Palace-Fortress (after Corbo 1967). 16 Plan of Masada (after Yadin 1965). 17 The Northern Palace-villa, Masada (after Avi-Yonah et al. 1957: fig. 18). 18 The Palaces of Masada. 19 Masada, Western Palace, Royal Wing (a), and Twin Palace of Jericho (b) (after Netzer 1982b: 23). 20 Alexandrium, Plan of Remains (after Tsafrir 1982: 136). 21 Plan of Cypros (after Netzer 1975b: 116). 22 Plan of Machaerus (after Corbo 1980: Fig. 71). 23a,b Jerusalem City Wall (after Ben Dov 1983: 44, 47). 24 Plan of ancient Caesarea harbours after A. Raban, Guide to Sebastos: 1) R om an aqueduct; 2) H ero­ dian main sewer; 3) Byzantine city wall; 4) Roman hippodrome; 5) Hellenistic harbour; 6) City walls of Straton’s tower; 7) City wall; 8) Herodian harbour; 9) Crusader harbour; 10) Later Roman harbour; 11) Roman streets; 12) Fish Market; 13) Roman theatre. 25a,b Jerusalem Houses: a) Residence; b) Palatial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Oberlin Near East Study Collection in Context Julian Hirsch
    1 The Oberlin Near East Study Collection in Context *See page 4 for citation. Julian Hirsch 2 Acknowledgements In some ways the groundwork for my thesis and work on the ONESC Initiative began more than five years ago in a kitchen in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. I was meeting Dr. Elizabeth Bloch Smith for the first time and could scarcely have imagined that our meeting would lead to my participation in an archaeological excavation in Israel that summer. After my first excavation, I was hooked. The spring before I came to Oberlin was filled with weekly meetings, readings, and discussions with Liz. I learned so much in that time and appreciate her continued guidance and support. If Liz was responsible for exposing me to just how fascinating the archaeology of the southern Levant was, Dr. Jeffrey Blakely was the person who helped me find the path where I could follow my passion at Oberlin. I still have my notes from the first day of the January 2017 Winter Term. I was amazed by everything Jeff knew about the history of biblical archaeology at the college and the history of the collection. If anything inspired me throughout my work, it was hearing vivid stories from Jeff about sitting in Harry Thomas Frank’s classroom learning about archaeology. Jeff has truly been my partner at every step of the way. I’ve consulted him for advice numerous times. Jeff kindly provided invaluable suggestions that only a true veteran of the field could offer. To give credit to Jeff in two more areas, Jeff certainly inspired my interest in the history of biblical archaeology and during the Winter Term in 2017 assigned me to work on the Bab edh-Dhra’ collection of Early Bronze Age tomb pots.
    [Show full text]
  • (I) Interim Report on the Fort Near Tel Shalem
    Capricorno Alae VII Phrygum ... (i) Interim report on the fort near Tel Shalem Benjamin Arubas, Michael Heinzelmann, David Mevorah and Andrew Overman A multi-disciplinary research proj- ect has been begun in the fields next to the site of Tel Shalem (fig. 1), the locus of important discoveries since the 1970s (primarily the bronze statue of Hadrian). Recent geophysical prospections have detected the clear layout of a Roman fort and possibly even two successive forts. Two short excavation seasons carried out in 2017 and 2019, with a focus on the prin- cipia, resulted in finds that shed new light on the nature, history and identity of the site. Tel Shalem lies in the plain of the Jor- dan Rift Valley c.2 km west of the river and close to the territories of two Decapo- lis cities (it is c.10 km southwest of Pella and c.12 km south-southeast of Nysa- Scythopolis). It controls a major junction of the road network. The highway which connects to the Via Maris running along the coast passes through the Jezreel, Fig. 1. Map of the Roman province of Judaea / Syria Bet She’an and Jordan valleys and, after Palaestina (M. Heinzelmann; archive AI UoC). crossing the Jordan river, continues either northwards to Syria or eastwards to the Trans- Jordan highlands. This road intersects other routes, one of which runs southwards along the Rift Valley past the Sea of Galilee through Scythopolis to Jerusalem by way of Jericho, the other of which runs from Neapolis (Nablus) in Samaria to Pella through Nahal Bezek (Wadi Shubash).
    [Show full text]
  • Menorah in the New Testament
    Menorah In The New Testament Mace hash synthetically? Imprescriptible Jens stun, his reformulation gages wrong-foot conceitedly. Is Lonny biggish when Rainer hyperbolizes sparingly? The victory of the menorah in the jerusalem and killed the invaders, whereupon the form part of this country, and is never felt If in countless manifestations of menorahs from god commanded of universal symbol of finely twisted linen garments were noticed. By it in hebrew new testament predicted this is significant about roman artist might mean when we can give light is to be gracious to a proprietary transcription process. For new menorah in the news, he was physically on the. The seventh day jerusalem ירושליו ready to a world as in that lighteth every day. What was how unsearchable are these were they are sacred lampstand occupied a complexity to read full or is the gospel from the jews were indifferent to bitter mourning, coeternal and menorah in the new testament? He once for. Menorahs in its all jewish new testament priests actually knew in unprecedented times, no flame with six branches, and menorahs are biblically ordained it discusses three of revelation. Temple lantern blazed for light of clay. Jerusalem after work in other new testament and menorahs of nazareth with. Of menorah for all. Approach to thwart the great crowds gathered, it was with many forms. God and we bring light of one example, my question is shown on it was to christmas became simply ignore our lives. It in the menorah and intricate construction to see that they follow. Not in fulfillment in jerusalem together as menorah as it? Picture of new testament saying that it makes absolutely right.
    [Show full text]
  • JL AAAA Reviews
    A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE BOOK FOR VISITORS AND LONDONERS Rachel Kolsky and Roslyn Rawson Reviews UK Press US Press Israel Press Amazon.co.uk / Amazon.com Hebrew Other / Readers Comments CONTACT RACHEL KOLSKY [email protected] / www.golondontours.com for more information, signed copies and book events A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE BOOK FOR VISITORS AND LONDONERS Rachel Kolsky and Roslyn Rawson Reviews UK Press Jewish London - Reviews - [email protected] - www.golondontours.com 9 THE ARCHER - www.the-archer.co.uk MARCH 2012 KALASHNIKOV KULTUR Ultimate guide to Jewish London By Ricky Savage, the voice of social irresponsibility Two authors have compiled the ultimate guide to Jewish London and will introduce it in person at a special event at the Phoenix Cinema this month. Rachel Kolsky, an Lizzie Land East Finchley resident since 1995 and a trustee of the Phoenix since 1997, co-authored Yes, it’s here, and the world of theme parks will never be Jewish London with Roslyn Rawson. the same. Why? Because the French have decided that what The 224-page guide covers holidaymakers need is a whole new experience based on where to stay, eat, shop and pray, with detailed maps, practical the life, loves and battles of a small Corsican. Welcome to advice, travel information and Napoleon Land! more than 200 colour photo- There in a eld just outside Paris you will be able to celebrate the man graphs. who conquered Europe and then lost it again, marvel at the victories, Special features include attend the glorious coronation and sign up to join the Old Guard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spatial Morphology of Synagogue Visibility As a Measure of Jewish Acculturation in Late Nineteenth-Century­ London
    The spatial morphology of synagogue visibility as a measure of Jewish acculturation in late nineteenth- century London Laura Vaughan Space Syntax Laboratory, The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, 22 Gordon Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. E- mail: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 0315- 2977 Revised version received 16 December 2019 Abstract. This paperʼs historical focus is the latter two decades of nineteenth- century London. During this period the established Jewish community of the city benefited from political emancipation, but this was not the case for the recently- arrived impoverished Jewish migrants from Eastern Europe. The spatial constitution of religious practice also differed across the city. A comparative study found that the more prosperous West End, other than an isolated case in the impoverished district of Soho, had purpose-built buildings fronting the street; while the poorer district of Whitechapel in the East End was dominated by smaller ad hoc arrangements – one- room or adapted premises, shtiebels – serving a wider communal and social purpose, similar to the practice of the old country. A comparative space syntax isovist analysis of the visibility of synagogue façades from surrounding streets found that while, in the West End, most synagogues had a limited public display of religious practice by this time, East End prayer houses remained visible only to their immediate, Jewish majority surroundings. This paper proposes that the amount of synagogue- street visibility corresponds to the stage of growth in both social acculturation and political confidence. Keywords: religion, immigration, visibility, isovists, synagogues, London Two large rooms knocked into one.
    [Show full text]
  • Events in 5673—Introduction 221
    EVENTS IN 5673—INTRODUCTION 221 EVENTS IN 5673 JULY 1, 1912, TO JUNE 30, 1913 INTRODUCTION I In the events of the year 5G73 for the Jewry, the Balkan Wars rank first. Waged with incredible brutality, they brought widespread suffering to the Jews in the former limits of the Turkish Empire. The success of the Balkan States has re- sulted in the transfer of 120,000 Jews from Turkish sov- ereignty, under which they have lived since their exile from Spain and Portugal. Servia and particularly Greece now have large Jewish communities within their territory, and the Bul- garian Jewry will be greatly enlarged. Roumania adds to her population and citizenship the Jews of Silistria. For the Balkan Jewry, the change involves new conditions, social and economic as well as political. Their situation in what was formerly Turkey in Europe, and their future, as described by the representatives of the Jewish organizations of Europe and America that united for the work of relief, cannot but be of great concern to the Jews the world over (see pp. 188-206). Notable in connection with the Balkan War are two things: the prompt and generous response of the prosperous Jewries in Western Europe and America to the Balkan distress, and the effort to secure a guarantee for the civil and political liberty and equality of the Jews in the conquered territory. An in- ternational association, the Union des Associations Israelites, 222 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK was formed for unifying relief work and effort toward the re- habilitation of the ruined communities. Representatives were dispatched to the scene to insure systematic action, and a study made of the situation with a view to the permanent improve- ment of conditions among the 200,000 Jews in the former boundaries of Turkey in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioch Mosaics and Their Mythological and Artistic Relations with Spanish Mosaics
    JMR 5, 2012 43-57 Antioch Mosaics and their Mythological and Artistic Relations with Spanish Mosaics José Maria BLÁZQUEZ* – Javier CABRERO** The twenty-two myths represented in Antioch mosaics repeat themselves in those in Hispania. Six of the most fa- mous are selected: Judgment of Paris, Dionysus and Ariadne, Pegasus and the Nymphs, Aphrodite and Adonis, Meleager and Atalanta and Iphigenia in Aulis. Key words: Antioch myths, Hispania, Judgment of Paris, Dionysus and Ariadne, Pegasus and the Nymphs, Aphrodite and Adonis, Meleager and Atalanta, Iphigenia in Aulis During the Roman Empire, Hispania maintained good cultural and economic relationships with Syria, a Roman province that enjoyed high prosperity. Some data should be enough. An inscription from Málaga, lost today and therefore from an uncertain date, seems to mention two businessmen, collegia, from Syria, both from Asia, who might form an single college, probably dedicated to sea commerce. Through Cornelius Silvanus, a curator, they dedicated a gravestone to patron Tiberius Iulianus (D’Ors 1953: 395). They possibly exported salted fish to Syria, because Málaca had very big salting factories (Strabo III.4.2), which have been discovered. In Córdoba, possibly during the time of Emperor Elagabalus, there was a Syrian colony that offered a gravestone to several Syrian gods: Allath, Elagabab, Phren, Cypris, Athena, Nazaria, Yaris, Tyche of Antioch, Zeus, Kasios, Aphrodite Sozausa, Adonis, Iupiter Dolichenus. They were possible traders who did business in the capital of Bética (García y Bellido 1967: 96-105). Libanius the rhetorical (Declamatio, 32.28) praises the rubbles from Cádiz, which he often bought, as being good and cheap.
    [Show full text]
  • Narcissus the Hunter in the Mosaics of Antioch
    Narcissus the Hunter in the Mosaics of Antioch Elizabeth M. Molacek Among the hundreds of mosaic pavements discovered at as the capital of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom in 300 BCE Antioch-on-the-Orontes, a total of five represent Narcissus, and remained a thriving city until the Romans took power in the beautiful youth doomed to fall in love with his own 64 BCE. Antioch became the capital of the Roman province reflection. The predominance of this subject is not entirely of Syria; however, it was captured by the Arabs in 637 CE, surprising since it is one of the most popular subjects in bringing an end to almost a thousand years of occupation.2 Roman visual culture. In his catalogue of the mosaics of While its political history is simple to trace from the Hellenis- ancient Antioch, Doro Levi suggests that Narcissus’ frequent tic founding to the Arab sacking, Antioch’s cultural identity appearance should be attributed to his watery reflection due is less transparent. The city was part of the Roman Empire to the fact that Antioch was a “town so proud of its wealth for over five hundred years, but the inhabitants of Antioch of waters, springs, and baths.”1 The youth’s association with did not immediately consider themselves Roman, identifying water may account for his repeated appearance, but the instead with their Hellenistic heritage. As was standard in the present assessment recognizes a Narcissus that is unique to Greek East, the spoken language remained Greek even after Antioch. In art of the Latin West from the first century BCE Rome established control, and many traditions and social onwards, Narcissus has a highly standardized iconography norms were deeply rooted in the Hellenistic culture.3 Antioch that emphasizes his youthful appearance, the act of seeing was a hybrid of both eastern and western influences due to his reflection, and his fate for eternity.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Textiles and the Grammar of Ornament: Design in the Victorian Age, November 16, 2007-August 3, 2008
    Asian Textiles and the Grammar of Ornament: Design in the Victorian Age, November 16, 2007-August 3, 2008 This exhibition mines the Museum’s permanent collection of Asian textiles from the perspective of the 19th-century British designer and educator, Owen Jones (1809–74), author of The Grammar of Ornament (London: 1856). On view are textiles whose patterns are paired with corresponding plates from his publication. His assessment of decorative “language” was compiled as a pattern book for all of the applied arts from architecture to textiles. His sources are the ornamental traditions from cultures across the globe, including India, Persia, Egypt, and China. Critical to his undertaking was London’s Great Exposition of 1851, the setting in which the technology and manufacturing processes of the Industrial Revolution were displayed for all to see. The huge state-of-the-art glass-and- iron Crystal Palace constructed in Hyde Park for the event was the architectural stage upon which nations from around the world—but most importantly, England—displayed their accomplishments. Among the great number of Western visitors to the show, a vast majority were viewing the applied arts of other cultures for the very first time. The single most powerful influence on the applied arts during the 19th century was the reexamining of design education and practice. Reform therein was motivated by what some saw as the negative side of the Industrial Revolution. In challenge to the popular notion that new, fast, and cheap were the progressive ideals of a modern society, Jones and others started to rethink the effect this was having on design.
    [Show full text]
  • Shabbat Schedule Minyan Information
    Parashat Beha'alotcha 18 Sivan 5781 May 28-29 2021 Shaul Robinson Josh Rosenfeld Sherwood Goffin z”l Yanky Lemmer Tamar Fix Morey Wildes ECHOD Senior Rabbi Assistant Rabbi Founding Chazzan Cantor Executive Director President MINYAN INFORMATION SHABBAT SCHEDULE Lincoln Square Synagogue is happy to welcome you for prayer services. Friday night: Here is how to secure a seat in shul, as we have a limited number during Earliest Candle Lighting: 6:46pm the pandemic - and what the rules of conduct are: Zoom Mincha/Kabbalat Shabbat: 7:00pm (link in electronic Echod) Please see electronic echod for important update from our President: Mincha followed by Kabbalat Shabbat at shul: 7:00pm In advance: Location: Ballroom [1] LSS members must pre-register using the link in the Shabbat Candle Lighting: 8:00pm electronic Echod. Sunset (daven Mincha by): 8:18pm [2] You will then receive a confirmation email. Repeat Shema: after 8:49pm [3] Non LSS members are invited, but cannot use the link; they must email Rabbi Robinson to register: [email protected] Shabbat: [4] Beginning June 1, all are invited to attend weekday services, but Hashkama Minyan: 7:45am Location: The Spira Family Terrace non-members must sign in at the door (weather/temperature permitting). Once in shul: Shabbat Morning Services: 9:00am Location: Sanctuary (Vaccinated only) [5] Observe social distancing in the hallways and the Latest Shema: 9:09am distancing requirements specific to each minyan Beginners Service: 9:30am Location: Belfer Beit Midrash [6] You must wear a face mask, covering
    [Show full text]
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
    [Show full text]
  • Israel in Figures”, Which Covers a Broad Range of Topics Related Affiliated with the Prime Minister’S to Israeli Demography, Society, and Economy
    הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה מדינת ישראל STATE OF ISRAEL Central Bureau of Statistics ΔϳΰϛήϤϟ΍ ˯ΎμΣϹ΍ Γή΋΍Ω 2011 IIsrael INsr FIGURESael Introduction 3 The State of Israel 4 Key Figures 6 Climate 8 Environment 9 Population 10 Vital Statistics (live births, deaths, marriages, divorces) 11 Households and Families 12 Society and Welfare 13 Education 14 Health 15 Labour 16 Wages 17 National Economy 18 Government 19 Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade 20 Construction, Electricity and Water 21 Manufacturing, Commerce and Services 22 Science and Technology 23 Transport and Communications 24 Tourism 25 Agriculture 26 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE CBS The Central Bureau of Statistics [CBS] is pleased to present the public with The CBS is an independent unit the booklet “Israel in Figures”, which covers a broad range of topics related affiliated with the Prime Minister’s to Israeli demography, society, and economy. Office. It operates in accordance with Statistical Order (new version) 1972, The booklet provides a brief summary of data on Israel. In this limited format, and is responsible for the official many topics could not be covered. statistics of Israel. The data presented here are updated to 2010, unless otherwise stated. The mission of the CBS is to Some of the figures are rounded. provide updated, high quality, and independent statistical information for For more comprehensive information about the country, including detailed a wide variety of users in Israel and definitions and explanations related to a broad range of topics, please refer abroad. to the Statistical Abstract of Israel No. 62, 2011 and the CBS website (www.cbs.gov.il) and other CBS publications that deal specifically with the The clientele of the CBS include topic in question.
    [Show full text]