Health Sector Field Directory Libya
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Libyan Municipal Council Research 1
Libyan Municipal Council Research 1. Detailed Methodology 2. Participation 3. Awareness 4. Knowledge 5. Communication 6. Service Delivery 7. Legitimacy 8. Drivers of Legitimacy 9. Focus Group Recommendations 10. Demographics Detailed Methodology • The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research by Altai Consulting. This research is intended to support the development and evaluation of IRI and USAID/OTI Libya Transition Initiative programming with municipal councils. The research consisted of quantitative and qualitative components, conducted by IRI and USAID/OTI Libya Transition Initiative respectively. • Data was collected April 14 to May 24, 2016, and was conducted over the phone from Altai’s call center using computer-assisted telephone technology. • The sample was 2,671 Libyans aged 18 and over. • Quantitative: Libyans from the 22 administrative districts were interviewed on a 45-question questionnaire on municipal councils. In addition, 13 municipalities were oversampled to provide a more focused analysis on municipalities targeted by programming. Oversampled municipalities include: Tripoli Center (224), Souq al Jumaa (229), Tajoura (232), Abu Salim (232), Misrata (157), Sabratha (153), Benghazi (150), Bayda (101), Sabha (152), Ubari (102), Weddan (101), Gharyan (100) and Shahat (103). • The sample was post-weighted in order to ensure that each district corresponds to the latest population pyramid available on Libya (US Census Bureau Data, updated 2016) in order for the sample to be nationally representative. • Qualitative: 18 focus groups were conducted with 5-10 people of mixed employment status and level of education in Tripoli Center (men and women), Souq al Jumaa (men and women), Tajoura (men), Abu Salim (men), Misrata (men and women), Sabratha (men and women), Benghazi (men and women), Bayda (men), Sabha (men and women), Ubari (men), and Shahat (men). -
THESIS SEISMICITY of LIBYA and RELATED PROBLEMS Submitted by Hassen A. Hassen Department of Civil Engineering in Partial Fulfill
THESIS SEISMICITY OF LIBYA AND RELATED PROBLEMS Submitted by Hassen A. Hassen Department of Civil Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer, 1983 COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY Summer, 1983 WE HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER OUR SUPERVISION BY HASSEN A. HASSEN ENTITLED SEISMICITY OF LIBYA AND RELATED PROBLEMS BE ACCEPTED AS FULFILLING IN PART REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE. Committee on Graduate Work Adviser ii ABSTRACT OF THESIS SEISMICITY OF LIBYA AND RELATED PROBLEMS The seismicity of Libya was investigated. Available data of earthquakes, which have occurred in or near Libya during the period 262 A.D. to 1982, have been collected. These data together with geological information are used to investigate the nature of seismic activity and its relationship to the tectonics of the country. Statistical analysis is used to calculate the frequency-magnitude relation for the data in the period from 1963 to 1982. The results indicate that about 140 earthquakes will equal or exceed a Richter magnitude of 5 every 100 years, and one earthquake will equal or exceed a Richter magnitude of 7 every 100 years. The whole country is characterized by low to moderate levels of seismic activity but some segments have experienced large earthquakes in this century and earlier. On the basis of observed and expected seismicity, a four-fold subdivision is suggested defining the activity of the dif ferent parts of the country. The highest activity is found to be concentrated in Cyrenaica (northeastern region) and around the Hun graben (northcentral region). -
Nationwide School Assessment Libya Ministry
Ministry of Education º«∏©àdGh á«HÎdG IQGRh Ministry of Education Nationwide School Assessment Libya Nationwide School Assessment Report - 2012 Assessment Report School Nationwide Libya LIBYA Libya Nationwide School Assessment Report 2012 Libya Nationwide School Assessment Report 2012 º«∏©àdGh á«HÎdG IQGRh Ministry of Education Nationwide School Assessment Libya © UNICEF Libya/2012-161Y4640/Giovanni Diffidenti LIBYA: Doaa Al-Hairish, a 12 year-old student in Sabha (bottom left corner), and her fellow students during a class in their school in Sabha. Doaa is one of the more shy girls in her class, and here all the others are raising their hands to answer the teacher’s question while she sits quiet and observes. The publication of this volume is made possible through a generous contribution from: the Russian Federation, Kingdom of Sweden, the European Union, Commonwealth of Australia, and the Republic of Poland. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the donors. © Libya Ministry of Education Parts of this publication can be reproduced or quoted without permission provided proper attribution and due credit is given to the Libya Ministry of Education. Design and Print: Beyond Art 4 Printing Printed in Jordan Table of Contents Preface 5 Map of schools investigated by the Nationwide School Assessment 6 Acronyms 7 Definitions 7 1. Executive Summary 8 1.1. Context 9 1.2. Nationwide School Assessment 9 1.3. Key findings 9 1.3.1. Overall findings 9 1.3.2. Basic school information 10 1.3.3. -
(Silurian) Anoxic Palaeo-Depressions at the Western Margin of the Murzuq Basin (Southwest Libya), Based on Gamma-Ray Spectrometry in Surface Exposures
GeoArabia, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2006 Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain Identification of early Llandovery (Silurian) anoxic palaeo-depressions at the western margin of the Murzuq Basin (southwest Libya), based on gamma-ray spectrometry in surface exposures Nuri Fello, Sebastian Lüning, Petr Štorch and Jonathan Redfern ABSTRACT Following the melting of the Gondwanan icecap and the resulting postglacial sea- level rise, organic-rich shales were deposited in shelfal palaeo-depressions across North Africa and Arabia during the latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian. The unit is absent on palaeohighs that were flooded only later when the anoxic event had already ended. The regional distribution of the Silurian black shale is now well-known for the subsurface of the central parts of the Murzuq Basin, in Libya, where many exploration wells have been drilled and where the shale represents the main hydrocarbon source rock. On well logs, the Silurian black shale is easily recognisable due to increased uranium concentrations and, therefore, elevated gamma-ray values. The uranium in the shales “precipitated” under oxygen- reduced conditions and generally a linear relationship between uranium and organic content is developed. The distribution of the Silurian organic-rich shales in the outcrop belts surrounding the Murzuq Basin has been long unknown because Saharan surface weathering has commonly destroyed the organic matter and black colour of the shales, making it complicated to identify the previously organic-rich unit in the field. In an attempt to distinguish (previously) organic-rich from organically lean shales at outcrop, seven sections that straddle the Ordovician-Silurian boundary were measured by portable gamma-ray spectrometer along the outcrops of the western margin of the Murzuq Basin. -
For Ubari LBY2007 Libya
Research Terms of Reference Area-Based Assessment (ABA) for Ubari LBY2007 Libya 22nd of January, 2021 V3 1. Executive Summary Country of intervention Libya Type of Emergency □ Natural disaster X Conflict Type of Crisis □ Sudden onset □ Slow onset X Protracted Mandating Body/ EUTF Agency Project Code 14EHG Overall Research Timeframe (from 01/10/2020 to 14/04/2021 research design to final outputs / M&E) Research Timeframe 1. Start collect data: 26/01/2021 5. Preliminary presentation: 13/03/2021 Add planned deadlines 2. Data collected: 25/02/2021 6. Outputs sent for validation: 31/03/2021 (for first cycle if more 3. Data analysed: 05/03/2021 7. Outputs published: 14/04/2021 than 1) 4. Data sent for validation: 31/03/2021 8. Final presentation: 14/04/2021 Number of X Single assessment (one cycle) assessments □ Multi assessment (more than one cycle) [Describe here the frequency of the cycle] Humanitarian Milestone Deadline milestones □ Donor plan/strategy _ _/_ _/_ _ _ _ Specify what will the □ Inter-cluster plan/strategy _ _/_ _/_ _ _ _ assessment inform and □ Cluster plan/strategy _ _/_ _/_ _ _ _ when e.g. The shelter cluster □ NGO platform plan/strategy _ _/_ _/_ _ _ _ will use this data to X Other (Specify): 31/03/2021 The Area-Based Assessment draft its Revised Flash (ABA) for Ubari will directly inform ACTED Appeal; protection activities in Ubari. (See rationale) Audience Type & Audience type Dissemination Dissemination Specify X Strategic X General Product Mailing (e.g. -
Murzuq Rapid Situation Overview Libya, 30 August 2019
Murzuq Rapid Situation Overview Libya, 30 August 2019 BACKGROUND KEY FINDINGS Since early 2019, tensions between the Alahali and Tebu communities in the Libyan city of Murzuq have • Displacement from certain mainly Alahali areas of Murzuq has been widespread, grown progressively more severe, leading to numerous outbreaks of violence. The conflict escalated with only small numbers of residents remaining in these areas. Tebu neighbourhoods to unprecedented levels starting on 4 August 2019, when a series of airstrikes sparked heavy urban also witnessed large-scale, though not complete, displacement, and KIs report that Tebu fighting and mass displacement. As of 27 August, the conflict had eased slightly, but an estimated families are slowly beginning to return to their homes. 1 2 17,320 individuals, or nearly 60% of Murzuq’s population, had fled to cities throughout Libya, leaving • Displacement flows were reportedly determined by a household’s community only small numbers of residents in some areas of the city. identity, with both Alahali and Tebu households fleeing to areas controlled by their own or To inform response plans, between 23 and 27 August, REACH assessed the humanitarian situation allied communities. across seven cities and towns in south Libya that had received large numbers of internally displaced • In several assessed cities, an estimated 15-30% of recent arrivals from Murzuq had persons (IDPs) from Murzuq, as well as conducting two supplementary interviews in Murzuq itself. reportedly moved on to other destinations, most often the city of Sebha. Many of Data was collected through 25 multi-sector key informant (KI) interviews conducted with community these new arrivals had left due to difficulty finding affordable food, shelter, healthcare, and leaders, tribal council members, medical professionals and others. -
Fragile Stability and Future Opportunities in Libya's Sirte
Issue 2019/21 December 2019 The City in the Middle: Fragile Stability and Future Opportunities in Libya’s Sirte Omar Al-Hawari1 Since 4 April, Libya has been witnessing its third civil conflict in eight years. The conflict was sparked when the General Command of the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF),2 a diverse coalition headquartered in eastern Libya, launched a military operation to wrest control of the capital from actors loosely affiliated to the internationally- recognised Government of National Accord (GNA).3 While fighting has continued in and around Tripoli, with neither side able to gain a decisive victory, there have been concerns that the conflict over the capital could precipitate violence in other areas across the country. The coastal city of Sirte4 appeared particularly exposed, with its proximity to forces allied to the two main warring camps indicating it could become a new frontline. In addition to its strategic location in the centre of Libya’s northern coast, Sirte has a particular symbolism in Libya’s recent history. Having been the stronghold of the Qadhadhfa tribe and of the Jamahiriyya regime between 1969 and 2011, it then 1. Omar Al-Hawari is a communications engineer and researcher from the Sirte region. He has been cooperating with the Middle East Directions Programme since 2018. This paper was written as part of Middle East Directions’ Libya Initiative, which includes a project mentoring junior Libyan analysts. This paper was origi- nally written in Arabic. BRIEF 2. The LAAF is an alliance of armed military and civilian groups led by Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar. -
Challenging the Assumptions of the Libyan Conflict
CrisesAlert 1: Challenging the assumptions of the Libyan conflict Kars de Bruijne Clingendael Report Floor El Kamouni-Janssen Fransje Molenaar CrisesAlert 1: Challenging the assumptions of the Libyan conflict Kars de Bruijne Floor El Kamouni-Janssen Fransje Molenaar Clingendael report July 2017 Clingendael CrisesAlerts Libya Unpacking conflict trends, theaters and assumptions forms the basis of the Clingendael CrisesAlerts on Libya: where are the theaters of war, what are trends in fault lines, success and conflict activity? European security interests at stake: this CrisesAlert explores why Europe should care about the ongoing conflict. What security interests are at stake? What are the mechanisms whereby the crises impact Europe and its member states? What should be done? Local conflict, local peace: this CrisesAlert explores variations in local power: who is cooperating with whom? What explains the coalitions of violence and coalitions of peace? What can be done? The EU in the world: this CrisesAlert probes into the regional and geopolitical power dynamics. How do fault lines develop and what does this suggest for the EU’s room for maneuver, foreign policy and actionable policy? July 2017 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: © Flickr – Courtney Radsch Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. -
Round 24 January - February 2019
Project funded by DISPLACEMENT TRACKING MATRIX the European Union LIBYA’S MIGRANT REPORT ROUND 24 JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2019 ©IOM/ Ain Zara detention center DTM LIBYA - Flow Monitoring 2 MIGRANT REPORT R24 LIBYA JAN - FEB 2019 CONTENTS KEY FINDINGS 3 OVERVIEW 4 MAP: NUMBER OF AFRICAN MIGRANTS IDENTIFIED IN LIBYA 5 MAP: NUMBER OF MIDDLE EASTERN AND ASIAN IDENTIFIED IN LIBYA 6 7-9 MIGRANT ROUTES MIGRATION FLOWS 10 REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION FLOWS 11 DATA ON OBSERVED AND ESTIMATED ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES FROM MAIN MUNICIPALITIES 12-13 MIGRANTS PRIORITY NEEDS 14 HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES 15 EDUCATION 16 MIGRANT DEMOGRAPHICS AND SHELTER 17 MAP: TOP MIGRANT NATIONALITIES PER MANTIKA (REGION) 18 MIGRANT NUMBER AND NATIONALITIES 19 ASIAN AND MIDDLE EASTERN MIGRANTS 20 SUB-SAHARAN MIGRANTS 21 NORTH-AFRICAN MIGRANTS 22 MARITIME INCIDENTS 23 METHODOLOGY 24-25 +218 91 0024827 DTM LIBYA - Flow Monitoring 3 MIGRANT REPORT R24 LIBYA KEY FINDINGS JAN - FEB 2019 67% accomp. MIGRANTS PRESENT IN AT LEAST 9% minors of 570 of 667 > 38 minors 666,717 33% COMMUNITIES MIGRANTS NATIONALITIES unaccomp. 91% minors NIGER 20% of adults 100% COVERAGE EGYPT 15% CHAD 14% SUDAN 12% 12% 88% 100% of of women of men NIGERIA 10% MUNICIPALITIES TOP 3 REGIONS TOP 3 REGIONS OF ORIGIN (% of migrants) (% of migrants) 2,116 KEY INFORMANTS Tripoli 22% Sub-Saharan African 65% 94% 6% Ejdabia 10% North African 29% of of men women Misrata 9% Asian & Middle Eastern 6% SHELTER TYPE Rented Schools/ Public Other Rented Informal camp/ Rented Abondoned accommodation buildings accommodation setting accommodation Work place (paid by employer) buildings (paid by others) (self-paid) +218 91 0024827 [email protected] www.globaldtm.info/libya DTM LIBYA - Flow Monitoring 4 MIGRANT REPORT R24 LIBYA OVERVIEW JAN - FEB 2019 FIGURES MIGRANT BASELINE MIGRANT POPULATION IN LIBYA The 24th round of DTM data collection in Libya took place in January and February 2019. -
Health Response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO Update # 12 Reporting Period
Health response to COVID-19 in Libya WHO update # 12 Reporting period: 23 July to 5 August 2020 1 | P a g e 2 | P a g e Highlights o Under WHO’s transmission scenarios, Libya’s status has been revised from “clusters of cases” to “community transmission”. A total of 4224 people in Libya have been infected with COVID-19. Of this number, 3495 people remain actively infected, 633 people have recovered, and 93 people have died. (This translates to 614 confirmed cases and 13 deaths per 1 million population.) The national case fatality rate is 2.27%. o The municipalities reporting a significant increase are Tripoli, Misrata, Sebha, Zliten Ashshatti, Benghazi, Ubari, Janzour and Zawiya. o Thus far, a total of 68 027 specimens have been tested. This number includes 38 784 in Tripoli, 14 045 in Benghazi, 8604 in Misrata and 5389 in Sebha. o Nationwide, there are severe shortages of GeneXpert cartridges and laboratory reagents used for virus extraction. o On 31 July 2020, the Government of National Accord (GNA) declared a five-day lockdown starting the same day. o Misrata is emerging as a hotspot. The city has the second largest number of people infected with COVID-19. Collaboration with national authorities o On 4 August 2020, the Libyan Ambassador to the United Nations met WHO’s Director-General to discuss the evolving COVID-19 situation and request increased support from WHO. o WHO is continuing to brief Ambassadors to Libya on the COVID-19 situation and the challenges faced by WHO in its efforts to support the national response. -
Uprising and Post-Qadhafi Tribal Clashes, Displacement in a Fragmenting Libya
30 March 2015 LIBYA Uprising and post-Qadhafi tribal clashes, displacement in a fragmenting Libya The political instability and crimes against humanity that accompanied and followed the uprising which overthrew President Muammar Qadhafi in October 2011 drove tens of thou- sands into displacement. Those perceived to have supported Qadhafi or to have benefited from privileges he dispensed through tribal patronage networks were attacked in retalia- tion. They were often driven out of their cities, unable to return. Some 60,000 IDPs who had fled during the uprising were still living in pro- tracted displacement by February 2015. Civilians walk along Tripoli Street in Misrata. Photo: UNHCR/ H. Caux / June 2011 Following the failure of political processes, Libya’s situation became increasingly anarchic, culminating in the collapse of a fragile central authority and the emergence of two rival centres of power in mid-2014. Against this backdrop, and ensuing infight- ing among myriads of militias, violence increased. There was more than a six-fold rise in the number of IDPs, reaching at least 400,000 by December 2014, some eight per cent of the population. Precise figures are not available given lack of access and on-going pervasive chaos. IDPs’ basic needs for shelter, food and medical services remain grossly unmet. Their physical security has been seriously threatened by indiscriminate shelling, attacks on IDP camps and sieges that have pre- vented them from seeking security. The situation of tens of thousands of displaced migrants who remain trapped in Libya and are particularly vulnerable is a cause for serious concern. State collapse and fragmentation of Libya’s essentially tribal society have hampered an effective national response to displacement and coordination of policies to address IDPs’ needs. -
A Way Forward for Positive Migration Governance in Libya
OCTOBER 2019 From abuse to cohabitation: A way forward for positive migration governance in Libya Floor El Kamouni- Janssen, Nancy Ezzeddine and Jalel Harchaoui DISCLAIMER This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the Clingendael Institute and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION: THE COMPLEXITY OF SUPPORTING LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN LIBYA ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 1. STATE AND NON-STATE MIGRATION GOVERNANCE .......................................................................................................................................................