Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706) Pachelbel: Ingressus in G minor Pachelbel: Magnificat in F major [A minor] P98 [G major] P253 Pachelbel: Ingressus in C minor Johann Krieger (1652–1735): 27. Sonata [1.50] 36. Magnificat [2.36] [originally in D minor] P92 Sonata à 5 in A minor 28. Deus in adiutorium [1.24] 37. Deposuit [0.50] 1. Sonata [0.57] 14. Allegro [3.19] 29. Gloria [1.22] 38. Sicut locutus est [0.52] 2. Deus in adiutorium [1.37] 15. Adagio [0.54] 30. Sicut erat [0.49] 39. Sicut erat, Amen [1.53] 3. Gloria patri [2.12] 16. Allegro [0.59] 31. Et in secula seculorum [3.21] 4. Sicut erat [3.02] 17. Presto [0.44] Pachelbel: Ingressus in B-flat major 18. Adagio [1.04] Johann Caspar Kerll (1627–1693): [C major] P88 Pachelbel: Magnificat in C major Sonata à 5 in G minor 40. Deus in adjutorium [1.21] [orig. E-flat major] P250 Pachelbel: Ingressus in E minor 32. Allegro [1.06] 41. Sicut erat [1.58] 5. Sonata [1.04] [G minor] P96 33. [Vivace] [0.36] 6. Magnificat [0.52] 19. Sonata [1.06] 34. [Andante] [1.02] Total Timings [72.49] 7. Et exultavit [1.46] 20. Deus in adiutorium [1.17] 35. Allegro [1.17] 8. Quia respexit [1.34] 21. Domine ad adiuvandum [1.14] 9. Et misericordia [2.33] 22. Gloria [1.45] 10. Fecit potentiam [2.51] 23. Gloria Patri, Sicut erat [3.47] 11. Suscepit Israel [1.59] 12. Gloria [4.14] Pachelbel: Ingressus in G major 13. Sicut erat [2.53] [A major] P97 The King’s Singers 24. Sonata [1.50] Charivari Agréable 25. Gloria Patri [1.22] Directed by Kah-Ming Ng 26. Sicut erat [3.15] www.signumrecords.com A Perfect and Rare Virtuoso keyboard chorale variations entitled Musicalische Bach clan. His prospects fizzled out when the court Pachelbel was released from service in the nick of Sterbens-Gedancken. The bitterness of such tragedy went into mourning after the death of his patron’s time, arriving in 1690 at Stuttgart three months The music contained in this CD represents a did not, however, deter Pachelbel from remarrying brother. It turned out not to be the hoped-for before the birth of Carl Theodorus. Pious and selection of Vespers movements written by the in 1684: thereafter followed another son, stillborn, graduate job which might showcase the gifts of musical (given, occasionally, to composing organist Johann Pachelbel. They have in common before Wilhelm Hieronymus arrived in 1686, followed a progressive composer who had cut his teeth hymns), the duchess was unfortunate to have been the distinctively sonorous scoring of four or two years later by a daughter Amalia. serving as Vicarius (assistant) to the organist married into a family with a worrying medical five-part choir, accompanied by a six-part string of the Stephansdom in Vienna. Here he met (and history. Her father-in-law Eberhard III died of orchestra to which is added, at the composer’s Erfurt was one of Thuringia’s most important and probably studied with) Johann Caspar Kerll, who a stroke six months after her wedding, which express request, a bassoon. The manuscripts of prosperous cities. At the heart of the Reformation, moved to Vienna also in 1673. promptly elevated her to Herzogin; three years later, most of Pachelbel’s Vespers music are to be found Erfurt University’s most famous alumnus was she was widowed when Duke Wilhelm Ludwig died in the Tenbury collection of Oxford University’s Martin Luther. When in June 1678 Pachelbel took Better than Eisenach, Erfurt nonetheless had its of a heart attack. Bodleian Library. That Oxford should come to be up the position of organist at the Predigerkirche, drawbacks. Pachelbel’s contractual obligations the unique source might be related to a concatenation he was to remain in the city for 12 years, his – in addition to the musical, directorial, There is no record of Pachelbel’s productivity of unforeseen twists of fate and fortune. The longest tenure in any one place. There he first administrative and pedagogic duties required during his sojourn in Stuttgart, which in any case Vespers might never have come to be written had lodged in the home of Johann Christian Bach, of organists of major congregations – included could scarcely have been conducive to musical Pachelbel been successful in his attempts at director of the town musicians, probably in an annual re-audition on the anniversary of his endeavour. Württemberg’s foreign policy was being a court musician. And had his second the same room that had been occupied by appointment, during which half-hour recital conducted by the co-regent, the duchess’s surviving son Carl Theodorus not abandoned his Johann Christian’s first cousin Johann Ambrosius he was expected to demonstrate his vocational brother-in-law Duke Friedrich Carl, who initially fatherland for the New World, the Vespers might Bach, father of the famous Johann Sebastian. progress by drawing on the resources of the organ in managed to extract from France a generous never have fetched up in Oxford. Pachelbel’s connections with the Bachs were ‘delightful and euphonious harmony’. Unlike subsidy for standing aloof from the nine-year War intricate: he later bought the house from Christian’s Johann Sebastian Bach, Pachelbel, nevertheless, of the Palatinate Succession (a.k.a. the War of Carl Theodorus would have been his fourth son, widow, and Pachelbel was godfather to Johann kept on the good side of the city and church the League of Augsburg, the first war in which no but both Pachelbel’s first son and wife died in Sebastian’s sister, Johanna Juditha, and teacher to authorities, flourishing as an outstandingly German prince fought on the French side). 1683, victims of the most vicious plague in their eldest brother Johann Christoph. successful organist, composer and teacher. The duchy’s neutrality – initially brokered but Germany’s history since the time of the Black Death Eventually the needs of his growing family ultimately scuppered by the newly-created Elector and the Thirty Years War. Its epicentre, Erfurt, The demands of his new position would have been prompted Pachelbel to consider a change of of Hanover – collapsed, and Württemberg, which lost half its population within a couple of years. a welcome relief, for Pachelbel had just wasted environment. His feelers stretched to the court landed on the wrong side of the fence, found Pachelbel commemorated his devastating familial a whole year, from May 1677, as court organist of Württemberg, then ruled by the regent itself in the crossfire as King Louis XIV set out losses by publishing in the same year a set of in Eisenach, the ancestral foraging ground of the Duchess Magdalena Sibylla von Hesse-Darmstadt. to consolidate his gains in the Holy Roman - 4 - - 5 - Empire before the Emperor Leopold I could extricate Following the example of the regent of Thomaskirche, causing the cantor of the local The elaborate Vespers liturgy of the St Sebald himself from war with the Turks. Friedrich Carl fled Württemberg, Pachelbel, sought refuge in his Latin school Johann Kuhnau in 1709 to voice conformed to the altkirchlich practices of the at the start of the war in 1688 to Nuremberg with hometown of Nuremberg. There he was immediately his concern that the ‘carnal desires of the early Reformation, with some modifications of the his nephew Eberhard Ludwig, but was eventually snapped up by Erfurt’s neighbouring town of Gotha worldly-minded’ had wafted into church music. original Catholic rite. Beginning with the opening captured by the French in 1692 and brought as municipal organist at the Margarethenkirche. versicle ‘Deus in adjutorium meum intende’ to Versailles. He did not stay long though. Immediately after German Protestant vocal church music can be [referred to in Lutheran terminology as the the death of Georg Caspar Wecker – organist of broken into several discrete repertories. The lowest Ingressus], and the response ‘Domine ad With Württemberg serving as a doormat for Nuremberg’s Sebalduskirche, whose pupils had common denominator is the simple unison chorale; adjuvandum me festina’, there follows a sequence the criss-crossing armies, primarily the French included Pachelbel himself, as well as Johann for the somewhat more sophisticated congregation, of psalms, hymns and motets (often replaced by Blitzkrieg on Bavaria – whose claim to the see of Krieger – the authorities in Nuremberg contrived there is the motet (in parts, with accompaniment); sacred songs in the German vernacular), finished Cologne ignited the whole affair – and the ravaging to parachute their celebrated son Pachelbel into the most prestigious and thus costliest to put on off in a flamboyant fashion with a Magnificat. of the Palatinate, Pachelbel was forced to flee the plummiest position they had to offer. This fait – as this involves professionals – is the concerted The variety inherent in the service allowed for the ducal capital of Stuttgart. Yet there may have accompli was brought about by circumventing the music or cantata. That David Schedlich was also much use of polyphonic or concerted music been another reason for his hasty departure. With usual audition, and dispensing with the courtesy of writing concerted Vespers for the Lorenzkirche in – these were opportunities seized by the the co-regent in the clutches of the French, the inviting the organists of the city’s lesser churches the 1690s might not simply have been competition organist and Director chori musici Pachelbel. By duchess petitioned Emperor Leopold to proclaim to apply. with St Sebald or St Egidien; it may well have been blurring the traditional distinctions of theatre, her son Eberhard Ludwig duke of Württemberg a manifestation of Nuremberg’s observance to the chamber and church, he simply reflected even before he had reached his majority.