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Nomination Form See Instructlonet in How to Complete Natlonel Register Forms Type All Entrles-Complete Applicable Sections 1 Name

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Nomination Form See Instructlonet in How to Complete Natlonel Register Forms Type All Entrles-Complete Applicable Sections 1 Name United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form See instructlonet in How to Complete Natlonel Register Forms Type all entrles-complete applicable sections 1 Name -historic ~rt-- ~liftm hd-logical --- site ( P -1 .- - andlor common mrt (Slifton 2. Location L -- --street number w - not for publication city, town Colonid. Heights -?! vic~nltyof congreaaional dlstrtct 4th, Jr --- ----- lbbert W. Danivl, . 51 state Virginia code county W 5ZkLe 3. Classlf ication Category norhip status Prewnt Ume -dlstrlct % publlc occupied -agriculture -museum -bulldlng(a) -private unoccupied -commorclal A park -structure -both -work in progre~ 2-eduutional -- private residence site Public Acquimltion Accorsiblo -entemlnment -religlour -object -in process yes: restricted government -sclrntnlc . -being conridered .. yea: unrestricted . -Ipdudrlrl -transportation -no -mllltary -other: 4. Owner of Property a- name City of Colonial Heights c/o Mkpr atreet & number Wdpal Building . Virginia clty, town mldal Heif&* . -vlclnity of state . courthouse, -Istry of deeds, rtc. Cblonial Heights Court Hause rtreet & number mcipal -- Cblonial Heights Virginia cltv.-. town state---- 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Vireinia Research (;enter for Arcnaeolw-- tit~~ Survey Form C44CF73) gite --. ha8 thlr property baeh determined eleglbk? -*a AL no X date 1976 -tedsral -state -county -local dOpository for- 8uwey records Virgini.a Oenter for- Arwlogy Virginia 23186 cny,b,,,n College of William and Mtuy, Wren fitchen state 7. , Description Check one Check oc#r -Yd""excellent -deteriorated 2 unaltered 2 originel she -good -A rulnr -altered moved date 1&64 falr -unerpoaed -- Describe the prement and original (H known) physical appoarmco of Colonial Height s . In 1978 the VRCA conducted an archaeological survey of the Fort Clifton Historic Px4. Several archaeological components were identified. These included two battery emp1acemei:ts aligned along a northweat-aoutheast axis and overlooking the river and a 19th century domes- tic site (44~~73,bigureI). f The northern battery of Fort Clifton consists of a two section parapet. One section is ten feet high, 250 feet long and curvilinear. A second, lower parapet section is only two feet in height and extends in a southwesterly direction for 250 feet, terminating near the 19th century house foundation. Nearer the river, the southern battery sweeps a 420 foot arc, interrupted by a circi.?:t.ar gun emplacement which protrudes to the cast. Gaps in the parapet suggect the presence of six embrasures, whereas four earthen mounds directly behind the parapet appear to be powder magazines. A low parapet aection, comparable in height to the one in the northern batte~y, extends 220 feet, curving to the southeast. The L-shaped brick foundation of a 19th century domestic structure lies to the west of the Fort Clifton batteries, the remains of the Clifton house ehown on several late 19th century maps. The archaeological remains of Fort Clifton and the Clifton house have survived intact and are presently preserved within the confines of the park property. The property is presently covered with pine and hardwood forestation, interrupted with nature trails(Figilre 2) According to local informants, Mediately off shore in the Appomattox River are th~ submerged remains of a Union gunboat, sunk by gunfire emineting from Fort Clifton on May 3, 1864. As the exact location of this shipwreck has not been verified by a nautical archap-.- ological survey, its presumed location ie not included within the nominated acreage. 8. - Sianificance Pwiod Amaa of Ugniftcmmo-Clnck and juatlfy below -pmhlatorlc -archsology-prehlrtorlc -community plannlng -Iadrcapo architecture ~ilglon -1400-1 4BB archrology-hlstork -conwwstlon -im -aclence -150&1599 -agrltulture econamlc# . Ilkrature -sculpture -1600-1699 -architecture 6duc.tkn x military -roclail -1700-1799 -art -englmrlng -muslc humsnltrdan 1800-1899 -commsrccr -exploratlonhenlement -phlloaophy -theater -1900- -communication8 -lndurtry -pollticdgowrnment transportation y* + W..k -- lnventlon ' 2otw (apeclfy) .II! + ---- - public bpecitic dmtea by,June 1864 --EuI~d.r/A)chitect medemte Aqy Statement of Sianlflcance (In one paragraph) The Fort Clifton Archaeological Site in Colonial Heights, Virginia, includes the intact archaeological remins on Confederate Fort Clifton, as well as those of a 19th century domestic site, the house traditionally known as Clifton. Port Clifton was the site of three major confrontations between Union and Confederate forces in 1864 during the Petersburg campaign. The remains of Fort Clifton are representative of Civil War military fortifications and therefore have inherent research value. The Fort Clifton site has great public significance to the people of Colonial Heights for whom the fort is an hportant local landmark and a source of local pride. Interpretive facilities at the park fulfill a public educational miaaion by informing tourists and local resi- dents about Fort Clifton's role in Civil War history. Thus the Fort Clifton Historic Park makes a significant contribution to public education and enjoyment and contributes greatly to cornunity enhancement. hat time the upland porticya t the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries the land near the muth of swift's Creek and the ~~~ornattoxRiver was in con- ttn~ousagricultural use. BY the 1850's the property, which by then had become known as the Clifton tract, was owned by Ottoway and Elizabeth Hare. The Hare8 sold it to Alexander Jones, whose 1860 will conveyed it to his brother, James Jones. Inmediately prior to the Civil War, James Jones sold Clifton to William H. Crow, who owned the property at the time Fort Clifton was built. crow's name appears on an 1867 Union map of the area, which also depicts Fort Clifton, whereas an 1863 map by a Confederate cartographer attributes the property to its former owners, the Hares. In 1864, when the Civil War was drawing to a close, the Confederate army built a line of defense6 protecting Petersburg and, ultimately, Richmond. Confederate Brigidier General Robert E. Colton described the eight mile semi-circle of defenses covering the Appomattox River as being of such low profile that they vere only slightly noticeable. He contended that a horseman could ride over any portion of the defense without difficulty, with the exception of the lunettes and redoubts constructed in the more cormaanding positions, one of which was Fort Clifton. The battle at nearby Port Walthall Junction led up to the fighting at Port Clifton (Figure 3). On May 7, 1864 Confederate Major General G.E. Pickett ordered General Johns1r-! to fall back to Swift's Creek and make an entrencbnt. .Receiving the order at 10 P.M. that night, Johnson acted upon it immediately. By 3 A.M. of May 8th, his artillery and infantry had crossed the creek and begun fortifying their position. During the day and evening of May 8th ~ohnson'smen collected arms and supplies from nearby Port Walthall Junction, while other troop6 usder Colonel Harris set about construction a good line of - - Chesterfield County Deed Books. Colonial Heights Deed Books. Colston, R.E. The Way Appomattox, ed. R.N. Johnson, @ew York, 1966). 9 0. Geoara~hicalData Acreage of nominated property -7- Quadrangle name -&XBEu - Ourdrangle scale 7.5 ' .Q. UMT References Zone Eastlng Northlng "Zone ' Eartlng Ldrt!lni I I List all statma and countlma tor propmrtlms ovmrlapping rimis or cmtvboundaries -- state code countv code state code countv M 1. torm Prepared By f 1 namenitlo Martha mne~and Keith Eglofi, Research Specfalicit and --Staff Archaeologist Virginia Research Cknter for Arch%eologyMe October 8, 1980 organlu&n -- stnet a Wren Kitchen, College of Wtlliam and telspho,,,, 80Q-2534836 -. -- v Yirgiaia 23186 ' tlty or town Willi~nsburg, ruts 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated algnlflccmce of thla property wlthln the state Is: . 2 natlo~l X state Z local As the designated State Hlrtorlc ~mservatlon'Offlcerfor the National Hlstorlc PmservrtCon Act of 1966 (Publlc Law 89- r lncluslon In the Natlonal Reglster and certlfy that It has beon evaluated r set torlh by the Harltrge Conre~atlonand Recreation SwVlCe. Fwm No. 10-300. (Rev 10.74) UNITtD STATES DEPAKl'MENTOt'THE INltiK1OK NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF ]HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Fort Clifton Archaeological Site, Colonial Heights, Virginia CONTI NU ATION SHEET 1 ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 1 i rifle pits and batteries while additional detachments occupied the adjacent vicinity, covering the bridges and access roads. Eighteen pieces of artillery were deployed at the fort. Three sergeants and twenty-two soldicre under Lt. F.M. KeLso were detached to man the heavy artillery at Fort Clifton, where Captain S. T. Martin was in command. An undated plan of Fort Clifton defictd its layout, showing the configuration bf its two batteries and magazine, details which have been verified by VRCA archae- '~ologicalsurvey work (Figure 4). A watercolor sketch of Fort Clifton done by a Union 'artist located on an opposing bluff across the Appomattox River shows the fort as well as the Clifton house (Figure 5). He indicated that the fort and house were surrounded by agricultural land. i Fort Clifton had hardly been completed when a battle ensued. According to the report of Confederate General Johnson, "at 9 A.M. on May 9 a small boat appeared in ! the Appomattox below Fort Clifton, which was fired on and driven off. At about 11 A.M. , 1 five gunboats advanced and engaged the battery at Fort Clifton. The fire was contin- ued from the fort until after 2 P.M., when four gunboats retired and the fifth one found to be crippled. A party was organized to board the boat but the enemy set fire to it, abandoned and burned it."l I The Union army's account of the battle is very similar. According to the state- . ment of Lt. Sylvester B. Partridge of the U.S. Signal Corps, when Union General Graham brought his gunboats up the Appomattox River, they came under fire from Fort i Clifton.
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