Volume XXIX No. 1 January, 1974 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAim OF XWBH RBWHS H CREAT BRITAHI

F. L. Brassloff traditional humanitarian sentiments, among whom personalities of the stature of the Bishop of Chichester, George Bell, and a few parliamentarians, foremost Miss Eleanor A RECORD OF OUR HISTORY Rathbone and Colonel Josiah Wedgwood, will always be gratefully remembered. Britain's Admission Policy 1933-1939 The enactment of the Nuremberg racial laws, in September 1935, and subsequent "This is a book which describes Great Bri­ support given for refugees from Czecho- measures of "aryanisation" and paupeisation tain's response to the exodus of refugees .slovakia constituted an exception from a rule of "non-Aryans" made life in Germany from the Third Reich in the years 1933-1939. strictly adhered to until December 1939 when increasingly intolerable for Jews and *t is concerned with the evolution of British the influx of Nazi victims had come to an persons of Jewish extraction, with British Government policy towards refugees, and end. and other diplomatic representatives standing •"elies mainly on published Foreign Office The gradual shaping of British policy with by as helpless and unhelpful onlookers. With 3id Home Office papers which have only regard to the bothersome refugee question the taking over of Austria by the Reich in ''ecently been released for public scrutiny", emerges clearly from the documentation March 1838 and the ensuing pogrom-like ex­ states the author, Dr. A. J. Sherman, in the quoted by Dr Sherman. For some time, Brit­ cesses, National Socialist brutality against the preface of "Island Refuge" (published by ish policy makers obviously believed that Jews reached a new height. As other ^ul Elek Ltd., London, 292 pages, price friendly expressions of humanitarian concern countries, Britain reacted by locking her '-3-80p). He produced an important work to the German Govemment might be helpful. gates to prevent a flow of refugees in consid­ *hich constitutes the result of meticulously In order not to cause resentment in Berlin, erable numbers. German and Austrian careful research and lucidly tells a sad story they were averse to raising the refugee issue nationals had now to obtain visas to enter °' human interest. In addition to records of at the League of Nations where a discussion Britain; the eligibility of Jews and persons ^^overnment Departments and international of the role Palestine could play as a haven with non-Aryan affiliations was severely re­ archives as well as collections of private stricted. The plight of Austrian Jews was ex­ Papers, the study takes into account pub- for Jewish refugees was bound to ensue. As •^hed ofBcial and private documentation, in- an internal Foreign Office memorandum tensively reported by foreign correspondents, eluding the publications of the Association of stated very clearly in the summer of 1933: including the distinguished Brili.':h journalist •Jewish Refugees, contemporary newspapers, "The number of such refugees in the United G. E. R. Gedye. As noted by Dr Sherman, the l^emoirs and diaries. The outcome of the Kingdom is still comparatively small (accord­ British Consul General in Vienna, too, v.rotc thorough investigation is a comprehensive ing to the Home Office round about 1,000), to his superiors in London in moving terms ^nd detailed account of a chapter of British but the competent authorities have no desire about the appalling distress and despair •history which desei-ves also serious attention to see it increased ... The Home Office, Colo­ among Jews, without however causing any ''^ the part of survivors of National Socialist nial Office, Dominion Office and Ministry of improvement. Persecution who had the good fortune to be Labour are especially anxious to avoid being The initiative of the Government of the Accorded either temporary refuge in Britain placed in the position of either having to United States for convening an international •^i" have found there a permanent home. turn down, or to act upon any immigration conference on the refugee problem raised or settlement recommendations coming from high hopes in many quarters. The British When rinples of the first waves of Jews, such a source." policy makers however, were not enamoured "Mostly calling on relatives and friends, and of Maintaining freedom of action (or in­ by the project. Dr Sherman devotes a chapter P*^litical opponents of the Nazi regime in Ger- action) remained a basic principle of British of his study to a detailed description of thc ?^ny reached the United Kingdom in the foreign policy also in respect of the refugee meeting held in Evian-les-Bains in July 1938 pring of 1933, the British authorities did not problem. Accordingly, Lord Robert Cecil, who Deviating from his usual detached manner of eel the need to deviate from the established was designated United Kingdom represen­ repwrting, he characterises the conference estrictive policy with regard to the admis- tative at the Governing Council of the High .sarcastically as a "diplomatic minuet which ".•on of aliens. German Jews with financial Commissioner for Refugees, appointed by the concealed one basic unpalatable fact: no l^eans were allowed into thc country as tem­ League in October 1933, was given in­ country, in any part of the world, wanted to porary visitors although fhe Home Office was structions which left him hardly any possi­ add to its population destitute and /Teady then aware that "in practice it may bility for adopting a constructive attitude demoralised outcasts. For such m.any of the Pfove very difficult to insist on their'return with regard to the settlement of refugees in refugees had become. Expelled from their ? Gennany while present conditions con- British possessions and for holding out hopes countries of long residence, reduced to beg­ °!ie in that country." It was in line with that openings would be available in the gary, and labelled with the now pejorative "icial thinking, which remained basically United Kingdom. Notwithstanding the small collective title of 'refugees', the fugitives '•changed though it underwent modifica- numbers of refugees who entered Britain in wandered aimlessly on a planet v^hich ap­ ?<^iis, that the plea of the Jewish community °^ admission of all German Jewish refugees the period 1933-1935 and although those ad­ peared quite simply to have no room for j'lthout distinction and for indefinite pro- mitted were only allowed to take up specially their kind." He also points out that the j^^gation of the stay of those already admit- approved employment the fear of an alien in­ thirty-nine refugee organisations participating u. fnnr,.q jjQ favour with the authorities. vasion of the labour market played an im­ in the conference as observers failed to make found portant role in the vocal resistance of a large unified representations or at least concerted Th;y accepted, however, and based their sector of public opinion against an imaginary submissions. The instructions given to the .. ^re policy on the no doubt decent but in mass influx of German Jews. The represen­ large British delegation, headed by Lord indsight rather rash undertaking of rep- tatives of the medical profession were par­ Winterton, hardly a friend of the cause of ^sentatives of British Jewry that "all ex- ticularly insistent that foreign colleagues the refugees, allowed the British team at ^ises, whether in respect of temporary or must not be allowed to practice in Britain: Evian to hold out the hope for "an even rmanent accommodation or maintenance "The number that could usefully be absorbed more liberal policy than hitherto" with 0^' be bome by the Jewish community with- or teach us anything could be counted on the regard to admission to an employment of cini "^'"^te charge to the State." The prin- fingers of one hand." The existence of refugees in Britain—providing that thc ci^i ^^^^ refugees must not become a finan- xenophobia generally and—^not always latent recently set up Co-ordinating Committee for ^ liability to the British taxpayer was —antisemitism in particular was seriously Refugees would find jobs for them. In ad­ jSorousiy upheld also at a time when volun- taken into account both by the authorities dition to persons with capital prepared to ^^ relief organisations could no longer pro- and the bodies engaged on behalf of refugees °e the necessary funds. Only the official and prevailed over the protagonists of Continued on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION January, 1974 A RECORD OF OUR HISTORY TRIBUTES TO BEN-GURION The standing of the late Mr. David Ben- Continued from page 1 Gurion, who died at the age of 87, as one oi the greatest statesmen of our time was refiected in the detailed obituaries publishea start new enterprises, students, academics Jewry under German domination began. For in the national press of this country and and a limited number of professionals might the 56,000 refugees from Germany, Austria abroad. Together with Herzl and Weizmann be considered eligible for admission. The and Czechoslovakia admitted to Britain at the he was one of the main architects of the time (according to other sources there were Jewish State. Bom in Plonsk (Poland) as the delegation was advised to exercise great cau­ son of a lawyer, he went to Palestine when he tion with regard to immigration possibilities 73,000 from Germany and Austria and 10,000 was 20 years old, and from then onwards to British colonies and avoid references to from Czechoslovakia) started the often dif­ took a leading part in the country's Jewisn Palestine. ficult and mostly successful experiment of in­ Labour movement. When the State of Israel British scepticism about the usefulness of tegration. was founded in 1948, he became its first Prime Minister. He held this office until 1953 but the Evian Conference turned out to be justi­ Already in the introduction to his study, became Prime Minister again in 1961 ano fied. The Intergovernmental Conmiittee, set Dr Sherman maintains that a survey of Brit­ finally retired in 1963. . . . , ish policy "refutes the widely-held view, up in implementation of the recommen­ Under his premiership, against much initial dations adopted by the conference, was based largely on the dramatic clash over opposition, first contacts between the y.o^nS unable to attend effectively to the tasks as­ Palestine, that the British Govemment was State and post-war Germany were established signed "to undertake negotiations to improve both ungenerous and indifferent to the fate which resulted in the Luxembourg Repara­ the present stage of conditions of exodus and of refugees from the Nazi regime." In the tions Agreement of 1952. The historic meet­ to replace them by conditions of orderly concluding chapter of the book, the author ing in the New York Waldorf-Astoria Hotel emigration" and "to approach countries of reverts to the question and arrives at a ver­ between the late Chancellor Adenauer ano refuge and settlement with a view to devel­ dict of "not proven" as to "the standard Ben-Gurion led to a deep personal friendship charges, based on a narrow view of the between the two men and thus also contri­ oping opportunities for permanent sett­ buted to the establishment of a new relation­ lement." It should have been clear at that Palestine problem, of British Govemment ship between Jews and Germans after tne time that Germany was intent to make the lack of generosity or indeed of indifference Holocaust. At the Memorial Service in London, conditions of exodus of Jews increasingly to the fate of refugees." One can agree with the German Federal Republic, the Netherlands, worse and that there was little sincere desire his statement that "Great Britain's refugee France, Italy, Mexico and Denmark were on the part of Governments to provide new policy compared with that of other countries represented by their ambassadors. facilities for the settlement of refugees. emerges, in the context of the pre-war period, as comparatively compassionate, even Hardly influenced by the "minuet" of Evian, generous. There were no simple answers, no Britain continued to liberalise its policy obvious or rapid solutions. But the problem GERMANY AND ISRAEL within limits by providing openings in nur­ was at least partially comprehended; needs sing, domestic service, training for agricul­ were to some extent met; the drawbridge to "Not Neutral" tural workers and students. The im­ safety within British territory was in fact The West German Chancellor, Mr. Will? plementation of that policy was, however, only partially raised." These points are no Brandt, has stated that the special nature oi frequently hampered by failures of govem­ doubt valid. It remains, however, an open the Israeli-West German relationship w^JJif mental and related services to process question whether Britain and other demo­ not be affected by the recent events and tnai efficiently the flood of applications. cracies can be fully absolved from having there would be no German "neutrality of ojji helped too little and too late to rescue Jews hearts and conscience" towards Israel, in The ominous settlement of the Sudeten Germans, he said, would not try to escap" issue by the sell out in Munich in October from the impending disaster. Dr Sherman from their history. These comments were in­ 1938 added another headache to the worries urges that "it must not be overlooked that terpreted as an attempt to remove some oj of the British Govemment. In the course of despite all the evidence of brutal persecution the criticism voiced after West Germans the negotiations, the fate of Czech and few if any in responsible Govemment posi­ joined other Common Market countries w» Sudeten German active opponents of National tions could have predicted that would-be im­ what was considered a pro-Arab declaration. Socialism as well as of Jewish and non- migrants left behind in the Greater Reich In a speech to the European Parliament a Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria faced not merely privation, but an organised Strasbourg, Mr. Brandt made it clear that nc on Czechoslovak territory had not been taken and ultimately largely successful attempt at had endorsed the EEC declaration rew^ care of. Intense public concern induced the physical annihilation." The extent of the tantly. He felt that, as a result of his taiK^ murderous "final solution of the Jewish with Mrs. Golda Meir in London, the Isi^ew British Govemment to grant temporary entry Govemment appreciated that, in substanj- • permits to 350 refugees and their families. question" could certainly not have been en­ the Nine had not gone further than earlie» The "Kristallnacht" and its aftermath, the visaged in the years preceding World War II. UN resolutions on the Arab-Israeli conflict. reign of terror, violence and spoliation of But the failure of the comity of nations to Major Jalloud, the Libyan Premier, m a» German Jewry, caused shock and con­ interpret the more and more openly per­ interview published in Bonn, threatened sternation in Britain as elsewhere. The Gov­ petrated brutal anti-Jewish actions of the total oil boycott should the West Germany National Socialists and their subservient fail to give Libya the most "lodeni teL^ emment now became willing to grant tem­ policy makers as waming signal of an im­ nological weapons. It was also demanded in?* porary asylum to categories of transmigrants, minent threat to vital values of civilisation the Common Market cut off economic ai including trainees, and to child refugees. cannot be explained away. Much Jewish and and deliveries of spare parts to Israel. . With Hitler's entry into Prague in March non-Jewish suffering might have been West German Govemment spokesman s»' that Mr. Brandt's coalition would nu 1939, the hollowness and futility of the ap­ avoided if the significance of the well known capitulate on either score. However, the ae peasement policy became apparent but the facts of the systematic humiliation and sion to stop arms shipments by •;" readjustment of Britain's attitude to Nazi spoliation of the Jews under the Nazi rule Americans from Germany to Israel has OK . Germany did not lead to a basic change of had been correctly assessed. defended by the West German Foreign Mi" the policy towards Jewish persecutees. The ster. White Paper on Palestine, published in May 1939, dashed not only Zionist hopes that a territory for the rescue of the Jewish victims of National Socialist persecution would become available; the White Paper merely envisaged that 25,000 persons would be ad­ mitted within the next five years to Palestine as a contribution to the Jewish refugee pro­ blem. Illegal immigration, however, often car­ Greyhound Guaranty Limited ried out under shocking conditions, suc­ Bankers ceeded in partially overcoming the official re­ strictions. Projects of settlements in other parts of the Empire, especially British 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR. Guiana and Northem Rhodesia, and plans for intemational financial backing of mass im­ LONDON, WIX 3LB migration were found to be impracticable blueprints. Dr Sherman provides highly il­ luminating information also on these aspects Telephone: 01-629 1208 of British pre-war policy. With the outbreak Telex: 24637 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l of war, in September 1939, a new still more tragic chapter in the destruction of European AJR INFORMATION January, 1974 Page 3 HOME NEWS ^ ANGLOJVDAICA BOARD AND MmOLE EAST FRISONERS' MONTH Holocaust Memorial As part of the Prisoners' Month Campaign, The Czechoslovakia-bom artist, Mrs. Naomi At a meeting of the Board of Deputies' Blake, a former Auschwitz inmate, donafed a Jadio and television committee, the chairman, 22 members of the Women's Campaign for Soviet Jewry, the 35s, chained themselves to sculpture to the Council of Christians and Mr. Mishcon replied to deputies' complaints Jews in memory of the victims of the Nazi about anti-Israel bias in BBC reports. Mr the railings by the Foreign Office in protest at the imprisonment of Jews in the Soviet Holocaust in Europe. The inscription on the Mishcon, who urged a little more "even- sculpture, which is at the council's Chelsea handed assessment" of BBC programmes, said Union. Their intention was to plead with Sir Alec Douglas-Home on his visit to Moscow to headquarters, says that it is dedicated to the that they should not be judged in isolation promotion of understanding and goodwill be­ and the corporation should also receive ask for the release of the prisoners. After being cut free by policemen, the women were tween people of different faiths and racial praise where it was due. Questioning the al­ background. leged offensiveness of the BBC description of arrested and conditionally discharged for a certain members of Parliament as "Jewish year at the Bow Street Magistrates court. With the same theme as inspiration, Mrs. Peers and MPs", Mr Mishcon asked if it was Blake's other works include the doors to the so bad to expect Jewish politicians to stand "ELDERS OF ZION" Ark at the Kingsbury Synagogue, a memorial ^P and speak for their own people. Would a in the Hampstead Garden Suburb Synagogue, Catholic relating to an Irish issue protest at Several peers walked out of the House of and the doors of the almost completed new Deing described as a Catholic peer or MP? Lords when, on December 5, Lord Kennet, an Oxford Synagogue. However, the various complaints by deputies Opposition front bench spokesman, said: *ould be considered by the committee, and "Whatever the Elders of Zion might say, we Hebrew Studies representation might be made to the director- know any other country in the world would general of the BBC. do exactly what the Arabs have done" (in The Department of Hebrew and Jewish using oil as a political weapon). Lord Kennet Studies of University College, London, has 48 It was noted by the Board that the Middle later apologised for unintentionally using a students enrolled, including undergraduates, East situation was l)eing exploited by some phrase which gave offence. postgraduates and non-degree students. The elements to reflect on the national loyalties substantial grant of the Memorial Foundation ^f British Jews. Several deputies asked the COMMUNISTS SIDE WITH ARABS for Jewish Culture has been extended until Board to prepare counter measures in case 1977, enabling the department to continue Israel and Jews were used as scapegoats for The biannual national congress of the with its courses in Hebrew literature and the oil shortage in Britain. British Communist Party passed a resolution Jewish history, additional to those previously Lord Janner, the chairman of the Erets asserting that "the Arab people are completely offered in Hebrew language. BA Honours Israel committee, called upon the Govern- justified in taking action to liberate their degrees are offered in either one or two ''lent to prevent an attempt by Iraq, a de­ occupied territory and we fully support their Hebrew subjects. clared enemy of Israel, to become a member just national liberation struggles". The resolu­ Professor Siegfried Stein, head of the of the UN Security Council. He criticised the tion was moved by Councillor Solly Kaye. It pritish Govemment for continually refusing department where he has been since 1936 also attacked Mr. Harold Wilson for his when he started with one student, retires at Israel spare parts and ammunition for the "defence of the Israeli Govemment". Centurion tanks in spite of the ceasefire. He the end of this academic year to settle with 'balled on the Government to support a deci­ "SUPERSTAR" NOT ANTISEMITIC his family in Israel. sion by the European Parliament to coun- 'eract Arab oil blackmail by refusing to The Rev. W. W. Simpson, general secre­ Soviet Jewry Committee supply the countries concerned with neces­ tary. Council of Christians and Jews, and Mr. sary commodities. Moshe Davis, executive director, Chief The Greater London Inter-denominational Rabbi's office, discussed the production of Committee for the Release of Soviet Jewry "Jesus Christ Superstar" at a luncheon meet­ was formed at a meeting in the House of ing of the Religious Weekly Group. They de­ Commons. The sponsors of the new com­ BRITISH JEWS PRAISED clared that neither the play nor the film was mittee, whose aims are similar to committees likely to rouse antisemitism and that it would already formed in provincial centres, include y.The recent plenary session of the World take a lot more than the presentations to Lord Soper, the Rt. Rev. Trevor Huddleston, Zionist Organisation executive in Jerusalem make people more antisemitic or fortify their Mr. Simpson, Lord Janner, Mr. Terence Prit­ unanimously expressed the view that events tie, Sir Derek Barton and Rabbi Hugo Gryn. ?"ice the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War existing antisemitism. ?ave shown that Britain has the most Zionist- winded Jewish community in the world. It AWARD FOR WALTER LAQUEUR New AJA Secretary pas the executive's view that in fund-raising, The annual "Jewish Chronicle" Book Award Y^ the number of volunteers sent to Israel and Twenty-four-year-old Mr. Jerry Lewis suc­ to a British-based Jewish author for 1973 has ceeds Mrs. Gabrielle Cairncross as secretary P its public relations activity in Britain— been given to Walter Laqueur for his "A "earing in mind its size—the Anglo-Jewish of the Anglo-Jewish Association. Mr. Lewis History of Zionism". Mr. Laqueur was bom was formerly personal assistant to Mr. ^Wmunity had surpassed all other com­ in Breslau in 1921 and left Gennany for Pales­ munities. Greville Janner, QC, MP, and clerk to the tine at the age of 17. He is now both director Parliamentary All-Party Committee for Re­ „ On his way back to Israel from the United of the Institute of Contemporary History and states, Dr. Josef Burg, the Israeli Minister lease of Soviet Jewry. At a reception to mark the Wiener Library and professor of contem­ her retirement after seven years, tributes ?I the Interior, addressing a meeting in porary history at "Tel Aviv University. ^ondon also spoke of the high regard in which were paid to Mrs. Caimcross on her expert 2^glo-Jewry is held by the Israel Govern­ knowledge of international relations and for her contribution to the work of the AJA. ment and people for its emergency fund- With acknowledgement to the news service of the Jewish Chronicle. Assimilation

REMEMBRANCE DAY The Chief Rabbi, at a meeting in London arranged by the Federation of Zionist Youth, ..Jewish ex-Servicemen and women all over your House for:— spoke of the enormous loss, comparable to 'le country joined their non-Jewish com- the loss of the Holocaust, suffered by as­ ™triots in acts of remembrance for the dead similation, and also of the negative loss in L' the two world wars. Most communities CURTAINS, CARPETS, the low birth rate. The threat to Jewish sur­ ?^d their own remembrance services in vival had now reached the national Jewish j^agogues where, this year, the dead of FLOORCOVERINGS agenda. srael's armed forces in the recent hostilities ^ere also moumed. SPECIALITY Aged Home Project CONTINENTAL DOWN A £100,000 project has been launched to complete and equip the extension to the APPOINTMENTS QUILTS Maurice and Samuel Lyon Home, Great ,, The first Jew to be elected president of North Way, N.W.4, administered by the ^ve Citv Livery Club is Mr. Leslie Prince, ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Friends of the London Jewish Hospital. The home, which functions as a short-stay home t^A^^ ol the City of London from 1954-55 ESTIMATES FREE ^^d, in J97i^ Qjjjef commoner of the Cor- for the aged or infirm, has been in existence ^'oration of London. for seven years. It caters for 23 residents, 1-"Ith his appointment by the Lord Chancel- DAWSON-LANE LIMITED shortly to be increased to between 30 and 34, "r as Deputy Sneaker of the House of Lords (EMakllshM 194(1 as well as for other people on a daily basis. a"^,as Deputy Sneaker of the House of Lords The extension will also provide three staff g^2^d Deputy ChairmaC " n of Committees, Lord 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK gT f?a l1 of Wh>Whytha1 m becomes the first Jewish bedrooms, a new lounge with a separable sec­ pp°our peer and the first medical Labour Telephone : 904 6671 tion as synagogue or quiet room, and greatly fi^'f'Lto sit on the Woolsack in the absence of PcnoMl attMitloa of Mr. W. aiadoua. improved amenities including a three-bed "*e Lord Chancellor. sick bay. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION January, 1974

DENMARK NEWS FROM ABROAD Synagogue Fire Fire broke out at the Machsike Hadass UNITED STATES DUTCH STAND FIRM synagogue in Copenhagen, causing six persons to be overcome by smoke and some Two-edged Sword of Embargo A meeting in Brussels between Mr. Ruud damage to the synagogue. Saudi Arabia, according to a US Depart­ Lubbers, the Dutch Minister for Economic The police suspect arson. ment of Agriculture survey, is completely Affairs, and Sheikh Ahmed Yamani, the dependent on America for both wheat and Saudi Arabian Oil Minister, resulted in the feed grains. Kuwait is similarly dependent Dutch Government retaining its stand. Sheikh Community Leader for imported feed grains, and Iraq has to Yamani made it clear that the Arabs ex­ import 38 per cent of her wheat re­ pected some specific gesture from the Dutch The new president of the Danish Jewish quirements. Ordinarily they could get re­ Government "to repair the damage" before community is Mr S. Levitan, in succession to placement supplies from other countries but there could be any discussion about lifting Professor Isi Foighel, who has been electea it is doubtful whether, in these times of the oil embargo. This would have to be vice-president. shortages, any significant exports of grains separate from any common approach by the and cereals could be expected. Moves are nine European Community members. Government Resignation therefore afoot in America for an embargo of After the meeting Mr. Lubbers said: "We American food supplies and technological don't want to give the impression to anyone One of the factors which may have con­ exoorts to Arab States as a counter measure that we are here to buy oil on a Saturday tributed to the resignation of the Social to" their oil embargo. Mr William Porter, morning by making any declaration which Democratic Govemment was a speech by .Mr Under-Secretary of State for Political Affairs, would be misunderstood by others". The Anker Jorgensen, the former Danish P"'"^ stating that only by sharing the oil of the price being demanded by Arabs seemed to be Minister. He is reported to have told 3 Middle East can everyone's needs be met, a breach with Israel, and Holland was not political meeting that he regarded the Arabs pointed out that economic blackmail in any prepared for this. Holland was an integral as having opened fire on October 6 to begin form with any commodity "will be a two- part of the Community and fully endorsed the latest round of fighting in the Middje edged sword, hurting those who wield it as the EEC declaration on the Middle East East. Stating that his sympathies lay mainiy well as intended victims". which called for an immediate withdrawal to with Israel, he defended the country lO^ the October 22 ceasefire lines and the even­ taking up arms. He was also reported a= Rabbis Condemn Nixon tual withdrawal by Israel from the territories saying that the Common Market ought to At its meeting in New York, the Central she had occupied since the 1967 war, Mr. stand solidly with Holland. . Conference of American Rabbis (Liberal) Lubbers said. The country would work for any His remarks caused a sensation in Den­ overwhelmingly expressed lack of confidence solution to the Middle East problem, but only mark and other European countries and sev­ in President Nixon's credibility over Water­ in partnership with other Common Market eral Arab newspapers called for a stop of oj* gate. Although there was considerable feeling countries. deliveries to Denmark. Nearly all Danisn for a demand for his resignation or impeach­ newspapers described the speech as ay ment, the resolution did not go so far and BELGIAN WOMEN DEFIANT "enormous howler". The speech deepened tne two resolutions either for impeachment or re­ already critical internal political situation, so signation were shelved. Many of the Defying a ban by the Brussels authorities, that the Social Democratic Government was delegate-, particularly young ones, were far more than 500 black-clad members of all Bel­ forced to resign within a few days. from satisfied at this. gian Jewish women's organisations demon­ In an interview before being installed as strated in the streets of the capital to show president of the Union of American Hebrew their solidarity with Israel. The women had AUSTRIA Congregations (Liberal), Rabbi Alexander earlier gathered at the national monument to Moshe Schindler strongly condemned the the Jewish martyrs of Belgium to express New Transit Camp Watergate scandal as an "erosion of their sympathy for the women of Israel. American liberty". He declared that both the Chancellor Bruno Kreisky has announced the official closing of Kastel Schoenau as^ security of American Jews and of Israel GIBRALTAR COMMUNITY depended on "a country which is truly free". transit camp for Soviet Jews emigrating >•" Henceforth, however, no American President The new president of the Gibraltar Jewish Israel, although he did not mention a date- or Administration would dare engage in such community is Mr. Abraham Serfaty, a He also made a statement that a barracks » activities again. Earlier, at the lOOth anniver­ 28-year-old barrister and a graduate of New­ Woellersdorf would now become a short-staj sary conference of the UAHC. Rabbi Schind­ castle University, who also studied for a year reception centre for "refugees" in transJ ler read an outspoken condemnation of the at the Gateshead Yeshiva. He succeeds Mr. through Austria under the administration o Watergate affair orenared hy his predecessor. Samuel Benady, QC, leader of the Gibraltar the Lower Austria Bed Cross. The Mayor oJ Rabbi Maurice Eis'endrath, who died on Bar, elected president in 1956 and now made Woellersdorf, a township of some 2,000 in November 9. habitants 20 miles south of Vienna, has ex life president. pressed opposition to the use of the barracK Community Growth Stops as a reception centre. . g SYDNEY At ths general assembly of the Council of On a visit to London to attend a meeting Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds in Danger in Sweetness of the Socialist International, Dr. Kreisky r^ New Orleans, it was revealed that the The Governor General of Australia, Sir peated his conviction that the closing Q" „f American Jewish community has stopped Paul Hasluck, opening the Perth Jewish of Kastel Schoenau was justified. The fe^r oi growing and that its average age is rising. One centre wamed the city's Jews that the danger a super-Munich massacre had hung constanu> out of every nine Jews is above 65 years old, facing them was not pogroms or antisemitism over the Government's heads, and by makiuB and this will be one in six in 20 years' time. but the very real danger of being drowned in the decision the lives of the three J^wi|'^ There has been a tremendous growth in "a syrup of sweetness". hostages and the Austrian customs otiic the number of Jews receiving a university were saved. He added that there was no ob­ education and the shift towards the pro­ stacle to the transit through Austria ," fessions has also increased substantially. people from one country to another. Austria Nearly a third of the Jewish working force Does your healing cause dry air-affeeling traditional policy of hospitality to refugee^; today are managers, administrators and emigrants or transmigrants would be i^^lg owners of enterprises, with about the same your health or piano, plants, antiques, tained. He pointed out that Austria was ".^ number in the professional and technical woodwork & painlings? only country which actually provided tran* facilities for Russian Jews who wished to e category. As HUMIDIFIER- There are, however, quite a number of to Israel and, in fact, the flow of R^^figj SPECIALISTS we Jewish migrants through Austria had douui poor Jews, mainly the elderly, with 44 per in recent weeks. . . ^ cent of these receiving incomes of less than shall be pleased $4,000 (£1,600) per year, considered the Only a few days before his arriv^ .j overty level, and 13 oer cent with incomes of to advise you London the Ambassadors of Libya, Sau etween $4,000 and $6,000. and send you Arabia and Iraq had called on Dr. Kreisky _ E protest about the pro-Israel attitude of A" Female Equality our free trian public opinion and the media. Hj gi The decision of the Rabbinical Assembly to plained to them that the Government did n accept women as members of minyanim has explanalory control public opinion in the country, anfl ^ been overwhelmingly approved by the United leaflet. fused to discuss the problem of oil suppH^ ' Synagogue of America, the lay organisation of Conservative Judaism. At its biennial con­ vention in New York, the US went even Retumees to Russia further by a 2-1 vote calling on constituent synagogues to allow equal opportunity for In Vienna a group of 40 Soviet Jews seeet-. women congregants to assume positions of ing to retum to the Soviet Union after ei ^ leadership, authority and responsibility in all grating from Israel forced their way into phases of congregational activity. It also ap­ THE HUMIDIFIER COMPANY Soviet Consulat- - e to deman- d- re-entry P^^'J.grperm - proved the law commission's decision of 1955 Soviet officials had to call the police to P j,t to allow women to be called to the reading of 25 Bridge Road, Wembley Park, Middx. to V^i, Tel, 01-904 7603 suade the Jews to retum to the tenem the Torah. where they live. AJR INFORMATION January, 1974 Page 5

Egon Larsen give way to the competition, but there is no such competition for "Yedioth Chadashoth': its demise is more than a sign of the crisis FROM BAD WIESSEE TO AUSCHWITZ in the newspaper world; it is far more a sign of the decline of the Gennan-speaking sector .Vnatomy of Mass Murtler in Israel. Till 1967 there were two German-language The historians are now moving in to explain questions about man himself. We have entered dailies vying with each other ("Yedioth to us what happened during Hitler's twelve- an age which we cannot avoid labelling 'after Hayom" was the other one) and at a time, year millennium. Do we want to know the Auschwitz'. If we are to begin to understand almost each major political party had a details of a civilised nation's sudden return ourselves we must somehow come to grips Germans peaking weekly—"Dapim" for to barbarism, do we want to trace, coolly and with the reality of Auschwitz". Professor Mapai. "Emeth" for the Liberals, scientifically, the twists in the minds of mass Schleunes strikes with these words at the "Hakidmah" for the Progressives. Today, murderers? Those amongst us who shrink heart of the matter, the terrible lesson which only "MB", the weekly of the "Im­ l>ack in horror from the professors' books the murder of six million Jews forces on all migrants Association from Central Europe" cannot be blamed; but the younger generations mankind in the second half of our century. is still in existence. 11 the Western world, who know of the Nazi His study, however, stops short of the Holo­ In those years, there vvas a strong re­ Period mainly by hearsay, from popular news- caust itself; he does not attempt to recreate presentation of German Jews in the Govern­ Paper serials and from sensationalist films and the "reality of Auschwitz", but concentrates ment—Pinkus Rosen and Perez Naphtali, TV programmes, need some solid, reliable on the Nazi leaders' mentality. Georg Josephtal and Joseph Burg, with Sieg­ historical works to help them understand the This is an exhaustive analysis of the fried Moses as State Comptroller. Jews from inexplicable. We can only hope that the Germany were members of the Supreme awful warning will sink in and that, for political road that led to the gas ovens. The author proves that for the first five or six Court and of the Knesseth, and not only in once, Hegel will be proved wrong in his Nahariah was German the dominant lang­ depressing dictum: that "neither nations nor years of Nazi rule there was no such thing as a "Jewish policy". Hitler had used anti­ uage: settlements such as Kfar Smarvahu and governments ever learn anything from Sde Warburg, Shave Zion, Ramat Hashavim history". semitism as one of his main weapons in his fight for power, knowing by instinct that it and Beth Yitzhak were still populated by the Two recent books will assist the student was a most effective one in post-1918 Germany. founder generation from Germany, and so ^ the Nazi period. The Night of the Long As the unscrupulous demagogue he was, and was Jerusalem's Rehaviah, Haifa's Hadar ^nives by Max Gallo, Professor of History at banking on the poor logical faculties of the Hacarmel and the North of Tel Aviv. the Institut d'Etudes Politiques in Paris country's lower social strata, he cast "the These were the 60,000 or so immigrants (Souvenir Press, London. 1973, £2-75), deals Jew" in contradictory r61es—as the wicked who had come to the country with the "Fifth With the events of June 30, 1934, which we financier for the working classes, as the Aliyah'" in the years 1934-1938, later to be re­ now see as the dress rehearsal of a gang Bolshevik destroyer for the bourgeoisie, as inforced by a wave of immigration from w murderers for the genocidal massacres a the international plotter for the professional Austria and Czechoslovakia. In those years, decade later. The "night of the long knives"— classes. After his rise to power. Hitler had to when the "Yedoth Chadashoth" was founded "itler himself coined the phrase—was, of produce some kind of policy to deal with the by the late S. Blumenthal, the Gennan ^urse, mainly the liquidation of a rival gang mutually exclusive parts he had assigned to language in Israel was discriminated against: *ithin the Nazi movement, which threatened Germany's Jews. The task was beyond him, old prejudices of the East European the Piihrer's position and power. The political and there were deep conflicts between him sector against the German Jews were levelled Ration in the summer of 1934, argues and Goring, Goebbels, Himmler, Heydrich, and against the German language with the label '^fessor Gallo, was balancing on a knife- Eichmann, each of whom tried to make him­ that it was an instrument of the Nazis. edge. The SA had helped Hitler to usurp self the executor of his own brand of "Jewish Blumenthal could start his venture only as the government in Germany, but now they policy". The advisers bent on mass murder a mimeographed news sheet. called *ere preparing a "second revolution" under as the Endlosung won once the war had "Blumenthals Neueste Nachrichten", to serve their own leader, Erast Roehm, in order to started. It is a tragic irony that as late as as information for the many people who °n^t the industrialists and junkers who were 1939, organised Jewish emigration was still in could neither read English nor Hebrew, but 5tul controlling the coimtry. Three men, favour with some Nazi leaders, and that the even against these modest beginnings there *nimler with his Gestapo, Heydrich with his Gestapo and SS were "willing to lend support" were threats and acts of terror on the part of ^^' and Goring who was in charge of the to such st hemes. those who would not tolerate the German ^^ftwaffe, pushed Hitler into his course of language in any form. action against the SA and everybody whom he ^isliked and who might have challenged his Tn the 3J decades which followed these dif­ Power. The surprise attack on Roehm and his RISE AND DECLINE OF A NEWSPAPER ficult days, made difficult also by the re­ nimions at Bad Wiessee, a popular holiday strictive and discriminating policy of the Unless there is a last-minute turn of events official Jewish authorities, " Yedioth esort on the Tegernsee, was the bloody and some investors are ready to step into the Chadashoth" rose to the highest place among "max of a Machiavellian plot, an incredibly breach, the German-language daily in Israel, the many foreign-language dailies in Israel, ^^age mixture of gang warfare a la Chicago, "Yedioth Chadashoth", will have closed down later to be overtaken by the English /_alkyrian fury, Gothic horror, and merciless by the end of 1973. "Jerusalem Post' and the Hungarian JTeachery. For anyone who cared to look at Newspaper business the world over has "Ikeleth". After the death of its founder, his ^at scene, the true nature of Germany's new widow became the head of the enterprise and [pasters and the psychopathic characters of become risky and unrewarding, with high wages and salaries, expensive machinery and it remained a family business till her recent nose leaders of a nation in the centre of passing, with all its advantages and dis­ ^-UTope should have been apparent. But the ever climbing costs of paper and adminis­ tration. Over the past few years, some advantages. There were occasions when orld preferred to look the other way, and political parties showed an active interest but ^•0 givPiveo tT;4.THitle—r •uth^e 1benefi r;*t . o_fr 4.i-the„ doubj—UAt —.whei n Hebrew dailies had to be discontinued and to he the paper preferred to remain independent, explained the whole orgy of murders and both financially and politically. •. ^'^ntions merely as an action necessary to Naturally, the inevitable biological process restore law and order". Gorta Radiovision has thinned the ranks of its readers and with L plio's book is certainly well researched, it, diminished its attraction as an advertis­ nt Its newspaper-serial style with its dramatic Service ing medium. German speaking Jewry in esent tense and its film-scenario kind of (Mtmbtr R.T.R.A.) Israel, by the command of the passing of {^ative may put some serious students off, 13 Frognal Parade, time, is losing its entity and identity, and no , ough this makes the book more digestible Finchley Road, N.W.3 less difficult than to find sufficient readers j^ 1" the general reader. The short bibliography and advertisers was it to find editors. not verj' impressive, and an index is sadly SALES REPAIRS With the closing down of "Yedioth nussing. Chadashoth" a chapter in the ethnical and 2^ The Tvnsted Road to Auschwitz, sub-titled Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Ferranti, demographic upbuilding of Israel has come to Ka 1 ^°^*

Gabriele Tergit Ignas Maybauni THE WORLD HISTORY OF THE JEWISH BUDAPEST 1944-45 PEOPLE Erstaunllch wenig, vielleicht von Frankreich Dr. Kovy war: "Mein alter Schachpartner, When the ten volumes of Simon Dubnow's abgesehen, ist das Leben im Nazi besetziten dem ich zehn Jahre lang im Kaffeehaus history of the Jewish people were ready for Europa dokumentiert. So ist jedes Buch eines gegenuber gesessen hatte." Er wurde freige- publication, an overall title was sought for Augemzeugen, die jetzt langsam verschwinden, lassen. this formidable work. The title World History wie Kasimir Werners "Nie wieder Gestem" Die letzten Tage, das Versagen der of the Jewish People was chosen. It was an (Garuda Verlag, Darmstadt), willkommen. Kanalisation, kein Essen, Pferde wurden auf apt choice. The Jewish people is involved, Budapest hatte eine Million Einwohner, der Strasse geschlachtet, das Geriicht, dass wherever history is not merely a local affair, davon 205 000 Juden, die assimiliertesten der die Deutschen alle Hauser im Ghetto miniert but IS of world-wide relevance. In the history Welt, eine Oberschicht, Geadelte, Industrielle, hatten, um sie in die Luft zu sprengen. of the Roman Empire as well as in the history Heiterkeitsproduzenten ftir die ganze Welt mit Sogenannte Kommunisten wurden unter dem of Islam the absence of chapters about the ihren Filmen, Lustspielen, Revuen, Operetten, Jubel des Mobs an die Lateme des Oktogon- Jewish people is unthinkable. There is a con­ eine Spezialrasse von Joumalisten, Theodor platzes und der Andrassystrasse gehangt, alle frontation between Rome and Jemsalem, a Herzl war einer von ihnen, aber sie waren Hauser der Leopoldstadt wankten durch die confrontation between Muslim and Jew of auch geniale Kunsthandwerker. Kasimir Sprengung der Kettenbriicke, nachdem kurz which the historian has to take note. Werner, ein naher Verwandter des grossen vorher die Margaretenbriicke mit alien It is a truism, often repeated, to demand of Theaterarchitekten Oskar Kaufmann, war am Passanten, Autos, Wagen gesprengt worden each generation to write the history of the Theater von Saltenburg in Berlin und war. Ein vorher untadeliger Priester, das past again. New material is continuously heiratete eine protestantische Berliner San­ Kruzifix am Hals, schnallte sich einen forthcoming, new interpretations are continu­ gerin. Patronengiirtel um und totete mit einer ously necessary. In his book The Jews »» Im Juli 1944 hatte Eichmann auf einem Maschinenpistole im judischen Krankenhaus the Roman World'' Michael Grant writes about Budapester Bahnhof die ungarischen Poli- in der Marcostrasse 150 Kranke, alle Aerzte Jews and Romans and achieves new perspec­ zisten, die auf Horthys Befehl die Ver­ und Krankenschwestem. Herren taten sich tives. So does Bemard Lewis in his splendid schickung der Juden hindern sollten, verhaftet. zusammen und engagierten Huren fur 1000 work Islam in History^. Von da an stand die Stadt unter dem Pengo pro Kopf und Woche, um ihre Frauen Michael Grant draws a picture of Pilate Schreckensregime der ungarischen Nazis, den vor der Vergewaltigung durch die Russen zu which will appear as new to many readers. Pfeilkreuzlern, die die judischen Wohnungen schutzen. We know of Pilate "washing his hands" after fur sich mit Beschlag belegten und die Juden Am 18. Januar kamen die Russen. Sie pronouncing the verdict. Yet no Roman would in "jiidische" Hauser zusammenpferchten, suchten in Werners Haus nach Deutschen. perform such a ritual. It is an entirely oriental bevor sie sie zur Verschickung abholten, wenn "Hier sind keine, denn hier gibt es Juden, custom. Let this be the one example why sie sie nicht in das Pfeilkreuzlerhaus trieben, zum Beispiel mich." Und der Russe: "Ich history must be rewritten. There are many wo sie ermordet und in die Donau geworfen Juden nicht gem." Alle suchten nun nach instances of this kind in Michael Grant's book, wurden. Im November 1944 war Werner bei ihren Angehorigen. Die Bekannten kamen, which will fascinate the reader. The Hero- einer Gmppe von 150 Zwangsarbeitem, die die der "arischen" Frau Wemer ihre Wert­ dians, the Zealots, the Cmcifixion, Massada m den Schulraumen des Margaretenklosters sachen anvertraut hatten. Die Russen ver- appear in a light often different from the hausten, in dem, was diese Zwangsarbeiter teilten Schaufeln, um die Miillberge und approach of previous history books. nicht wussten, 40 judische Familien verborgen hartgefrorenen Leichen wegzuschaffen. Die The Islamic scholar Bemard Lewis cannot waren, die einer der Pfeilkreuzler-Razzien Pfeilkreuzler waren verschwunden, wie es be praised enough for the clarity with which zum Opfer fielen. Diesen Razzien zu entgehen nirgendwo den Juden gegluckt war zu he writes about the Muslim world. I have no war nun eine Sache von Tod und Leben. Es verschwinden. Man fuhr in die Provinz zum hesitation to compare him with the great gab keinerlei Organisation. "Es gab nur einen Lebensmitteltausch und im Abendkleid und Islamist Ignaz Goldziher: "It is said that when Mann, der den Juden zu Hilfe kam, Raoul Ruderboot iiber die Donau zu Gesellschaften, the Turkish historian Ahmed Refik, returning Wallenberg. Er transportierte so viele Juden bald tat man die Gesellschaftskleidung in den from a tour of Europe at the beginning of wie er nur konnte in die schwedischen Rucksack und fuhr in Arbeitskleidem. this century, was asked by his friends what Schutzhauser." Unsicherheit verbreitete sich. Leute waren von was the most remarkable thing he had seen Frau Wemer bat zuerst einmal eine Hure den Russen weggeholt worden: "Malinka on his travels, he replied: 'The University ihren "Freund" aufzunehmen, was die robota " kleine Arbeit, aber sie kehrten nicht of Budapest, where I found a Jewish professor Gutmutige auch tat. Aber Werner verdarb zuruck. Werner wurde in die russische expounding the Qur'an to a class of Christian sich diese sichere Bleibe, als er bei einem Kommandantur neben dem Hotel Brittania pupils.' The Jewish professor was, of cours?' Alarm in den Keller stiirzte, wo dem Hauswart vorgeladen, ein Gebaude, in dem die Ignaz Goldziher. Since then, some of his der Fremde gleich verdachtig vorkam. Dann "Erwachenden Ungam" schon 20 Jahre vor writings have been translated into Arabic, and brachte ihn ein Pfarrer im Glockengestuhl Hitler Juden gefoltert hatten. Werner wurde are used for teaching Muslim Arab pupils seines Kirchturms unter, obwohl die Pfeil- gefragt: "Waren zwei Fabrikdirektoren Nazis their own heritage. Not a few other Jewish kreuzler alle Pfarrhauser nach Juden unter- Oder nicht? Wer stand hinter einer Frauen- scholars have been translated and adapted suchten. Als der Turm gebombt wurde, demonstration mit Transparenten 'Lasst unsre in the same way" (p. 130). Reading Bernaro schickte ihn der Pfarrer als Monch verkleidet Manner heim, wir haben genug von Sibirien'?" Lewis's essays I find a deep feeling of fellow­ in den Wemkeller, in den Niemand kam ausser Jeder Mensch musste zu den Vortragen uber ship of the Jewish scholar with Islam. This Pater Adam von der Nachbargemeinde, um Marx, Lenin, etc. in Hofen. im Freien, in too connects Bernard Lewis with the great den Messwein zu holen, und der sagte eines Salen, gehen. Die Wemers wollten nur weg. Ignaz Goldziher, who said to his Muslim Tages: "Die Russen sind ganz in der Nahe. Landau, ein Eisengiesser aus Rumanien, pupils when they took leave from the master: Sie werden uns aus unserer schrecklichen wusste wie man das machte. Plozlich gab es "We are brothers, we are brothers. This ^ Lage befreien. Ob Sie es glauben oder nicht, zum erstenmal einen echten Fluchtweg. Als my message as Jew to the Muslim." ich bin der Oberrabbiner von Telk." sie in Oedenburg ausstiegen, kam ein kleiner The historian of the world history of the In einem Anfall von Optimismus ging Mann auf sie zu: "Das Losungswort fiir die Jewish people proceeds in our days to a ne* Wemer m seine Wohnung, wo gerade ein Taxis ist Abraham." Wortlos fuhr das Taxi zur chapter. His new duty is to write about Je* Freund, ein Deserteur, der nicht wusste, dass Oedenburger jiidischen Gemeinde, die die Men­ and German, as he wrote about Jew ano •^l ^"^® *^^' ^^^^ verstecken wollte, als schen zum osterreichischen Zollhaus brachte, Roman, about Jew and Muslim. Higo^!^ ein Offizier klingelte, der fur seinen Oberst wo keiner nach Ausweisen fragte, von wo ein lebtncha, "tell the story to your son". The ein Zimmer requirieren wollte. Dann kam Bus sie zum Wiener Rothschildkrankenhaus world history of the Jewish people is ^'r eine Razzia. Frau Werner stellte ein Hitler- fuhr. Plotzlich fuhlten sich Werners ganz history, the haggadah, the narrative of tie bdd aufs Buffet, was die Razzia, vertrieb fremd. Der jiddisch sprechende Landau kannte exodus from darkness to light. Dann brachte ein Offiziersbursche Rotwein im Nu das ganze Krankenhaus. 1 Michael Grant: The Jewt in Ihe Roman World, Vle''<>^ T ^^ taf elten, ein Journalist aus dem Haus fald & Nicolson, London. £400. .nd Werner beschreibt den Aufenthalt in Wien, '^ Bernard Lewis: Islam in History: Ideas, Men die Offiziere, Wemer und seine schone Frau wieder Verhaftung in der mssischen Zone, Events in the Middle East. Alcove Press. £5 00. und der Oberst stiess auf die deutschen die verlegten Akten des Beamten, den WunderwafTen an, auf den Sieg und schwarzen Markt, das Gefuhl "Nur raus aus ISLE OF MAN stammelte betrunken: "Tod, Tod den Juden " Europa". "Aber kein Land lasst gem Juden INTERNMENT 1914/18 & 1939/« Als sie allein waren, kam ihr judischer Nach­ rein", schreibt Wemer. So gingen sie nach bar Gross. Da er keine Abstammungspapiere Palastina. Damit endet das Buch, das als ein I buy envelopes and folded letter hatte, war er bei der Razzia mitgenommen autobiographischer Roman, ehrlich und einfach forms from these and other camps- worden. Als er in das Pfeilkreuzhaus kam, geschrieben, durchaus ein Dokument ist mit Please send to : PETER C. RICKENBACK' entdeckte er, dass der Pfeilkreuzkommandant faszinierenden Einzelheiten. 14 Rosslyn Hill, London, N.W.3. AJR INFORMATION January, 1974 Page 7

KURT LOEWENSTEIN IN MEMORIAM Mr. Kurt Loewenstein (Tel Aviv), who died at the age of 71, was a member of that HERBERT S. GARFIELD served as Warden and Treasurer and, for al­ generation of German Jewish publicists who together six terms, as a Vice-President. It combined their deeply rooted Zionist con­ A Great Loss for the AJR was the strongest wish of his Lodge brothers, victions with a wide humanitarian outlook. expressed repeatedly, that he should become Originating from the Jewish youth movement When, on November 26, the news spread President but his professional, family and he worked, under Dr. Robert Weltsch, on the that Mr. Herbert S. Garfield had died sud­ many other commitments compelled him to editorial staff of the Juedische Rundschau denly at the early age of 54, all those who decline. His legal knowledge, wisdom and from 1933 until all Jewish periodicals Were connected with him in one way or sound common sense were great assets to the were prohibited in 1938. • This was a time another found it hard to believe. And now, Lodge. He took a prominent part in formulat­ when a particularly high degree of courage Wter the lapse of several weeks, it stiil has ing its Constitution, a model of flexibility and skill was required to keep the Jews in •lot sunk in. and incisiveness, in establishing a Charitable Germany informed on current events and to "Trust of the Lodge on new and ingenious help them to retain their morale and self-con­ Bom in Hamburg, where he spent his for- lines, and in setting up as a separate legal fidence. Jhative years, he came to this country before entity the Leo Baeck Day Centre for the the war when he was still young enough to Over-Sixties. After his last term as a Vice- He emigrated to Palestine shortly before absorb the values of his new environment President, he continued to serve on the Coun­ the outbreak of war and later joined the Without any limitations. The organic blend cil of the Lodge. It was his particular gift editorial staff of the "MB", the German lan­ oi loyalty to his background and of cultural, that, speaking usually after he had heard all guage weekly of the AJR's fraternal organisa­ social and professional integration into the opinions, he was able to propose a con­ tion in Israel. There again, his articles on 'lie of this country shaped his entire per­ clusion representing the greatest common current events testified to his courageous, sonality. During the war he served with the denominator or the most practical com­ self-critical and undogmatic personality. As H^^rham Light Infantry and for a year was promise. For many years he was Chairman of an author he also dealt with wider issues atteched to Shaef (Supreme Headquarters, the Lodge's Scholarship Fund Committee; connected with the position of the Jews in Allied Forces Europe) where he was awarded after laying down this office he continued to Central Europe. He contributed a treatise on ^y the late General Eisenhower a certificate take a very strong interest in this Fund "Die innerjuedische Reaktion auf die Krise oi merit for "conspicuously meritorious per- which has made bursaries totalling tens of der deutschen Demokratie" to the symposium Jormance of duty." After the end of thousands of pounds to Jewish students, "Entscheidungsjahr 1932" published by the hostilities he embarked on a legal career and mainly post-graduates from Israel. His help Leo Baeck Institute and. as the result of oecame a partner of the well-known solicitors and advice on the Management Council of thorough research work in Zurich, completed «rrn of Oppenheimer, Nathan & Vandyk. The the Day Centre Company were invaluable. a book about Thomas Mann's attitude to the l^^nt to which he combined legal know- Jewish question which will be published •^ge, sound judgement and an eye for the Herbert Garfield also served for many shortly. oest practicable solution of a problem with a years with distinction on the Executive of oeep personal interest in his clients made the Grand Lodge of the British District; he "un not only a reliable adviser but also a was constantly urged to accept higher office BRIGADIER GLYN HUGHES irusted friend to numerous people, many of but had to decline. His last con­ tnem of Continental origin. tribution—only a few weeks ago—to the Brigadier Glyn Hughes, who recently died B'nai B'rith movement was the draft of a at the age of 81, was the head of the British ,^he loss suffered by the organisations with new Ritual which was acclaimed as a model medical team which entered the Belsen con­ ^nich he was associated is particularly great of brief, clear and dignified language. In the centration camp after its liberation. There jor the AJR. It is in the nature of the AJR's deliberations of the various B'nai B'rith were 58,000 people in the camp, the great Jrork that a comparatively high proportion of bodies he was always listened to with the majority of them on the brink of death. «s honorary officers belong to the older gen- greatest respect; his opinion carried ex­ Thanks to the superhuman efiforts of Briga­ j'^tion. On the other hand, the services of ceptional weight. dier Hughes and his men, some 30,000 of 'ne AJR will be required for a long time to Loyalty to his comrades of the Second them were brought through to recovery. Dr. ^me. Herbert Garfield was one of those Ex- World War was another of his chief charac­ Hughes visited Israel on a number of occasions *^utive Members of whom we hoped that, in teristics. Just eight days before his death, he and attended reunions of Belsen survivors. He 'he course of time, he would take an even took part—as he had done year after year in was president of the council of the Bridge in greater share in shouldering the burden. This all weathers—in the Annual Remembrance Britain. "ope has now vanished. In spite ot his great Service and Parade of Ajex. professional commitments, he would always Herbert Garfield's p-eat service to the AJR ^are the time to take part in the regular has been mentioned m the preceding article. DR. THEODOR TREITEL jneetings of our Executive, expressing his The writer had the privilege to co-operate well-founded views on the variety of closely with him as a Trustee of the AJR Dr. Theodor Treitel, whose death at the ^jjestions under discussion, some of them Charitable Trust in whose specific charitable age of 88 was announced last month, was a ,/tal, some of them of lesser importance. In well known lawyer in Berlin, who, unlike tasks Herbert Garfield took a very deep in­ many in his professional stratum, was deeply "e .same spirit he rendered his valuable terest, shaped by his sense of social re­ rooted in Jewish tradition. During the first services to the worldwide Council of Jews sponsibility. years after his arrival in this country, he rom Germany as a member of its Presidium. The B'nai B'rith Movement and the Leo bravely adjusted himself to the changed oy his death the members of the AJR Ex- Baeck Lodge in particular have suffered by circumstances. He spent the last period of his .^'Jtive have lost a dear friend and colleague, the premature death of Herbert Garfield, the life at Otto Schiff House, where he found f^t.^-he community at large a loyal guide and loss of an exemplary member who was re­ happiness and particularly enjoyed the faithful servant. They feel united in their spected and loved by all his B'nai B'rith Jewish atmosphere of the Home. At the same ^nse of deprivation with his wife, his young brothers and sisters. time, by his cultured and unassuming per­ ons and his numerous personal friends. F.E.F. sonality, he endeared himself to his fellow W.R. residents and to the staff. He will be gratefully remembered by all who knew him. Services to B'nai B'rith of^^ of the most significant characteristics ALVA (SOLOMON ALWAIS) tn fr.^'"^^rt Sidney Garfield was his devotion Elka Couture to B The painter Alva (Solomon Alwais), who jjj.^ na•-"*i •B'rith" iim. Herexxcic, hHK:e foundluuiiu,, hlie coulcuuidu givgive died recently at the age of 72, was bom in jg°f."J^al expression to his sense of humanity, Berlin of Orthodox parents and attended the to IK ^"^Ity and his desire to be of service Berlin Jewish School. He came to this JL others. His father had been a member of E. HORNIK LTD. country in 1938. Among his paintings are a J e Henry Jones Lodge in Hamburg and, cycle of the Prophets. He was once described Wh^^i, ^"^ London, of the Leo Baeck Lodge by Dr. Henry Stroh, as with Marc Chagall, Ger^ had been founded by refugees from "the only really Jewish painter" because of Ijj^^nany and Austria. Herbert, shortly after the" "underlying sorrow, pain and irony com­ in! '?t'^rn from distinguished war service, Elsely House bined with spirituality so discernible in his ji^med the Leo Baeck Lodge in 1947 and soon work." ^ame one of its leading members. He 24/30 Gt. Titchfield Street BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE BECHSTEIN STBNWAY BLUTHNER 51 Bdsln Sauare, London. N.WJ Loncion, W.l Rnest selection reconditioned PIANOS SYNAGOGUE SERVICES Always interested in purchasing Sfe held regularly on the Eve of Sabbath well-preserved instruments. and Festivals af 6.30 p.m. and on the day Teiephone: 01-580 3448/9/0 JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. at 11 a.m. 142 Edgware Road, W.2 ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED Tel.: 723 8818/9. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION January, 1974

DR. WALTER DUX 85 BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES On January 8, Dr. Walter Dux will be 85. A member of the K.C. in his student days ARNOLD HORWELL 60 peatedly put themselves at the disposal of and still a loyal friend to his Bundesbrueder, On January 19, Dr. Arnold Horwell, the AJR Club and the Homes by the arrange­ he was actively associated with the C.V. and member of the AJR Executive, will celebrate ment of well compered gramophone recitals with Jewish welfare work in Hanover, where his 60th birthday. He has been associated or lantern slide shows. It is the combination he lived before he came to this country. He with Jewish activities since his childhood and of professional success and unreserved readi­ resumed his work for the benefit of his youth, when he was a member of the ness to serve his community which stands out fellow Jews from the Continent, when Otto German-Jewish youth movement. After having in Amold Horwell's personality. We wish him Hirsch House in Kew was opened and was, many happy returns of the day. for a long time. Chairman of its House Com­ obtained his doctorate when the Nazis were mittee, he relinquished this office a few already in power, he joined the stalT of the years ago but stiil retained his connections "Hilfsverein" of German Jews and, in this IDA COBLENZ »0 with the Home as a House Committee capacity, played a responsible part in helping member. In his profession as a chemical his fellow Jews to leave Germany before it Reading her letters and looking at her scientist, he was not only successful as the was too late. He himself stayed almost until photographs, one would hardly believe that the beginning of the war and came to this head of his firm but also retained a deep u?' country after having been appointed a staff Ida Coblenz was even seventy. She never liked terest in research and in assessing the posi­ member of Kitchener Camp in Richborough. to be in the limelight, and it was difiBcult to tion of science in the context of the wider Like most Kitchener Camp men, he later elicit the date of her birthday from her, but issues of mankind's present-day problerns- she will be ninety on the Sth January, 1974. Lastly, there is his unsatiable "love of the joined the army where he reached the rank classics as manifested in literature and m of captain. As a member of the occupation Her husband. Dr. Felix Coblenz, was a rabbi forces, he was one of the first to enter the archaeology. Adding to these facets his happy liberated Belsen Camp. first of the Jewish community in Bielefeld family life, he has every reason to consider and later Prediger of the "Jiidische Reform­ himself a fortunate man. We join his numerous After his demobilisation he, like many gemeinde" in Berlin. After his death, Mrs. friends in sending him our sincerest birthday others, had to adjust himself to the civilian greetings. life of a country in which he had not lived in Coblenz lived in Diisseldorf. She was an active "normal" times. This was not easy. Yet, with member of the "Jiidische Frauenbund", chair­ the help of his wife, Susanne, who is a man of the Diisseldori group, and also a repre­ PROFESSOR ARTHUR PRINZ 75 Jewish communal worker in her own right, sentative of the Jewish community there. from small beginnings he buUt up a success­ Mrs. Coblenz worked tirelessly for the Profcdsor Arthur Prinz recently celebrated his 75th birthday. An economist by P^°' ful business in medical equipment which has "Erholungsfiirsorge" of the "Jiidische Frauen­ established a high reputation in the trade. fession, he held a responsible position wit" bund", i.e. the care of children, young people the Hilfsverein in Berlin when the Nazis At the same time, Amold Horwell has and women in need of a holiday. She was in always been guided by feelings of strong were in power. In this capacity he not only Jewish commitments. An active member of charge of the so-called "Reisesteuer-Fonds", helped many Jews to leave Germany in time, the Leo Baeck Lodge, he was the president a fund which aimed at persuading those but also with much skill and courage used his in 1968 when the Lodge celebrated its Silver women able to afiFord a holiday or a stay at personal contacts with pre-1933 German Jubilee at a memorable dinner, with Quintin a spa, to make voluntary donations so that friends in the interest of the persecutees. Hogg (now Lord Hailsham), James Callaghan people less fortunate than they themselves In the United States he was first lecturer and Sir Bemard Waley-Cohen among the at the University of Cleveland, Ohio, ana could have a holiday as well. During the Nazi later professor of economics at Dickinson speakers. He is also closely associated with period this fund helped especially women and the work at Hillel House and at the Belsize College, Carlisle, Pa. He is also actively as­ Square Synagogue. The Executive of the AJR young people, during or after their training, sociated with the American section of tne has benefited from his knowledge of Jewish to have a short breathing space before leaving Leo Baeck Institute and took part in the in­ affairs and unassuming helpfulness for many Germany. stitute's Scholar's Conference last year. A years. Equally, he and his wife have re- Mrs. Coblenz first emigrated to England and, keen observer of the American scene, he contributed several articles on this subject to I believe, worked as a cook-housekeeper. She "AJR Information" and other German-Jewisn accepted this new way of life with dignity periodicals. Professor Prinz now lives in r^' and without complaint, happy in the know­ tirement in San Diego. We extend our sin­ ledge that she lived again in a free country. cerest birthday wishes to him. She later joined her brother and sister-in-law in New York, and after her brother's death DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX still shares the home with her sister-in-law at 211 W. 106th Street, Apartment 72, New LTD. York, N.Y. 100025. At a time when other people retire, she HERTIE started to transcribe books into Braille for the Guild of the Jewish Blind in New York. The past two years she has been busy with a transcription of the Odyssey and the Iliad, LIMITED which is to go to a teacher of Greek and Latin History at Keele University. After that she plans to work again for the Guild of the llllltllllllllllllllllllllllMIIII Jewish Blind! Besides she greatly enjoys music and the arts. Dunbee House "The only way to have a life worth living TEXTILES is to keep busy for a good cause", Mrs. Coblenz wrote a little while ago. With love and appre­ 117 Great Portland Street, ciation we wish her good health and may she long continue to live such a full and useful life. London, W.l D.S. IRENE EISINGER 70 The singer, Irene Eisinger, who recently celebrated her 70th birthday, is well re­ membered by many in our midst as an outstanding member of the ensembles of the MIDOLESEX HOUSE, Tel. 01-580 3264/0878 (P.B.X.) three opera houses in Berlin. In this country she soon again established a reputation for herself by her appearances at Glyndeboume Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, and Covent Garden and her recitals at the 34 CLEVELAND STREET, BBC, thus, at the same time, adding lustre to TELEX the general standing of the community of the new arrivals. Her solidarity with our com­ munity also found its expression when she LONDON, WIP 6JJ put herself generously at the disposal of the INT. TELEX 2-3540 AJR on the occasion of several concerts in the 1940s. In gratitude we wish Irene Telephone: 01-580 2189 Eisinger, who now lives in retirement, many more years of health and happinesss. AJR INFORMATION January, 1974 Page 9

^Ifons Rosenberg the Georg-August University of Goettingen. There the number of mathematicians removed from their teaching positions was particulariy large. Pinl lists 19 scientists, the JAKOB WASSERMAM THE OUTSIDER majority of whom were Jews or of Jewish descent. Among the older generation whose ex­ "• . . . ein Jude, der sein ganzes Leben lang its autobiographical or purely personal ponents were born during the last three aufs qualvollste mit seinen juedischen Schick­ elements—it is a picture of the relationship decades of the 19th century and who all fell sal rang." This is one description of Wasser- between Germans and Jews at the beginning under the spell of the outstanding (non- niann's central problem. And it is perhaps of our century. The action is set entirely in Jewish) Goettingen mathematician, David Hil­ enough for the understanding of his novel Southern Germany, Bavaria and Baden. And bert, were some celebrities: Edmund Landau —Engelhart oder Die Zwei Weiten. Habent there we receive a shock. In that part of Im­ (Berlin 1877-1938) who was one of the sons- *"a fata libelli. The manuscript of this novel, perial Germany antisemitism was just as rife in-law of the Nobel Prize winner Paul Ehr­ published 1973 but written between 1902 and and unbearable as in other parts of the lich; Felix Bernstein (Halle/Saale 1878-Zurich 1904 had disappeared completely. It was not country. 1956) who during his emigration period published at that time because—and there However, let us not forget, the narrator is taught for a time in New York; Paul Bernays 3re two versions—his friend Moritz Heimann a hypersensitive artist, in any case not of a vvho, now aged 84, lives in Zurich and con­ thought it to be a failure or because it showed disposition to fit into society easily—"he sees tinues to maintain close contact with the his father and stepmother in such a bad light too deep and too much." Matters are ag­ local College of Technology (ETH); Paul that its author decided against it. gravated by his family background. The father Hertz (born in Hamburg and died in is more or less an inefficient nobody, the Philadelphia in 1940); Richard Courant, born An Autobiographical Novel stepmother understands nothing—and can be 1888 at Lublinitz/Upper Silesia, since 1958 outright malicious. Engelhart Ratgeber is an professor emeritus of New York University, The book is a hardly veiled autobiography, outsider avant le mot. He can't hold down a but still active as author and adviser; ^assermann gave the manuscript to his Vien­ job, all employers are devils, he can't earn a Hermann Weyl (Elmshorn / Holstein 1885— nese friend Philip Baron Schey and it was living, he is not understood bv anybody Zurich 1955), known above all for his supposed to be lost. Yet there were copies and—he is a Jew. A conflict with and rejec­ contribution to the theory of relativity; and and one of them was found in 1972 in a box tion of society which in our own time has lastly Emmy Noether (Erlangen 1882-Bryn *hich had not been opened for 40 years. The taken many other foi-ms and motivations. The Mawr/USA 1935) who decisively influenced author's son, Charles Wassermann, in the analogy to the present malaise goes further. the development of modern algebra. Two years Present edition describes the history of the He looks for and at least temporarily finds a ago a detailed appreciation of her per­ *ork. But of what interest is it for our own "Guru" in Justin Schildknecht. He ioins a sonality and work appeared in the 13th supp­ time? circle of young people who indulge in alcohol lement of the periodical "Elemente der Ma­ For a post-Nazi German Jew it is poignant and "vice"; today it would have been drugs. thematik" (Birkhaeuser Publishing House, to come across a book where a Jew in Ger- His torments as an outsider and Jew began Basle), together with a reprint of the '•lany tells about his life in that country as a already at school. It v\'as of course the time obituary oration delivered by Hermann Weyl. Person who is part and parcel of it and tries of so many stories and plays exposing the to come to terms with that fact, soulless cruelty of the German school. Therefore—quit e apart from the interest of Thomas Mann has a chapter on this subject America's Gain in the Buddenbrooks but also gets across its It is worthwhile at least to name the hilarious aspect. Wassermann's book com­ members of the younger generation of ex­ pletely lacks this liberating detachment. pelled Goettingen mathematicians, all of Lost Ties with Judaism them "children" of our century, because their careers show how eager the North-American HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN One of the worst torments of young En­ universities were to attract these former gelhart alias Jakob is the fact that his German scientists. They are: Otto Jowi:hness is utterly meaningless for him. Neugebauer (now at Providence); Hans E'en under this tremendous pressure from Schwerdtfeger (Montreal); William Prager without he does not once attempt to delve (San Diego); Kurt Mahler (Columbus, USA); Specialist J^Af Shippers into Judaism to find some positive element, Hans Lewy (Berkely); Stefan Warschawsky something to sustain him, some solace. (San Diego); Hermann Busemann (Los Judaism is something entirely negative, to be Angeles); Werner Fenchel (Copenhagen); endured, a curse, not anything to strengthen Olga Taussky (Pasadena); Hans Heilbronn Fine Wines Unique Liqueurs his dignity or to fight for. Heaven was (Toronto); Fritz John (Kentucky) and Paul empty. Scherk (Toronto). Wassermann or Ratgeber is nothing if not German. It is interesting that all Jewish The continuation of Pinl's work is published characters in this novel have entirely in the 73rd Annual Report and covers the If you en/'oy wines universities of Halle, Hamburg, Heidelberg, German names. Jena, Karlsruhe (Technische Hochschule), The attraction of the book lies in its write hr our latest free list Kiel, Koeln, Koenigsberg, Leipzig, Marburg, historical value as it allows us to look back Muenchen, Muenster, Rostock and Tuebingen. to and to compare the situation at that time It canies altogether 29 biographies of pro­ which is full of fascinating with later developments. fessors, lecturers and research workers at « Langjn Mueller. Muenchen 1973, pp. 280. D.M. 19-60. these universities. Among them is Alfred information, maps, vintage reports Pringsheim, Thomas Mann's father-in-law, who E. G. Lowenthal taught in Munich from 1877 until he became professor emeritus in 1922. He died in 1941 and charts, descriptions, wines THE EXPELLED GOETTINGEN in Zurich at the age of 91. Among those MATHEMATICIANS mathematicians, who resumed their careers in England, was Wemer Wolfgang Rogosinski for laying down In the 71st Annual Report of the German (1894-1964), who after his dismissal from Mathematician Association, Professor Dr. Max Koenigsberg University in 1933 for several Pinl now living in retirement in Cologne years taught at Jewish schools in Berlin; he began to publish material on his once out­ was head of the Department of Mathematics lawed German university colleagues. His in Newcastle upon Tyne. Several scientists method was to present the sequence of these went to Palestine, e.g., Abraham Adolf HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN biographies in the alphabetical order of the Fraenkel (1891 Munich-1965 Jemsalem) of universities and colleges from which these Kiel university and Professor Samson Breuer academics had been expelled. The first report (bom 1891 in Frankfurt as son of Rabbi Dr. S3/79 Highgate Road, London, NWS 1RR covered Aachen, Berlin, Bonn, Braunschweig. Salomon Breuer) of the Technische Hoch­ Breslau, Freiburg/Sachsen, Freiburg/Breisgau schule in Karlsruhe. Tribute is also paid to ^**o«e Haltgarten—Choose Fine Winet and Giessen. The second instalment now at the memory of the politically active scholar hand was published in the 72nd "Annual Emil Julius Gumbel (1891 Munich-1966 New Report" (1970) and is devoted exclusively to York) who taught in Heidelberg. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION January, 1974

IMMIGRATION THE ISRAELI SCENE The total number of immigrants to arrive in Israel during 1973 is about 55,000—1,000 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION RELATIONS WITH AFRICANS fewer than in 1972. To cope with the housing shortage caused by the October war, more Recovery after the War than the usual number of new immigrants Political sources in Jerusalem are con­ are being housed in absorption centres while vinced that once the immediate tension of As a result of the war, Israel's industrial others are being placed in hotels and empty production dropped by only 30 per cent. the Middle East situation subsides, most flats. The Absorption Ministry has offered, to Almost all labour gaps could be filled by old- African States will resume the diplomatic pay 90 per cent of potential single im­ age pensioners, the disabled and expectant relations which they have broken ofif with migrants' monthly housing rent. Single im­ mothers with the exception of the building Israel. However, it is felt that it this should migrants are now preferred because they are trade and the tourist industry. happen Israeli foreign policy will no longer useful for the economy and the war effort. The war gave new opportunities to pen­ consider the African continent as top prior­ In 1972 Washington approved a £20 million sioners, who often still retain their working ity. housing programme and has now approyeo powers but cannot work because they have an extra £10 million loan to guarantee the Jerusalem believes that most African building of houses for the Israeli public. This reached the compulsory retiring age. The leaders were compelled to sever links with success of thousands of such men who re­ new loan will be used to build houses for Israel under economic and military pressures new immigrants, young couples and minority tumed to their former jobs vacant because of from the Arab States. Indeed, Mr. Marcus the call-up, is shown by the maintenance of groups, for slum clearance and the provision Einfeld, director of the African and Asian of developing areas. Announcing the loan, normal production in many factories where departments of the World Jewish Congress, they are employed. Mr. Kenneth Keating, the United States Am­ stated in London that Togo had been pre­ bassador, said that it helped to underscore Women in Israel represent only up to a sented with a £10 million cheque by Colonel the continuing United States commitment to third of the country's labour force compared Gaddafi of Libya as the price of her break the well-being of the people of Israel. with nearly a half in European countries, and with Israel. Other African States, said Mr pregnancies are often planned to ensure the Einfeld, had been similarly bought off by Al­ WAR FAILURES maximum absence of the expectant mothers. geria and Libya after being overwhelmed by Other women found it unprofitable to work violent anti-Israel propaganda. One group of Major-General Shmuel Gonen, who was ap­ because of high income tax, but are now African States, including Kenya, Ethiopia and pointed head of Israel's Southern Commana doing so because their husbands' income is the Ivory Coast, hitherto very friendly, had only three months before the outbreak of tne not subject to tax while the men are on broken off relations after Arab threats of October war, has been transferred to the poSj active service. economic and commercial strangulation. of Commanding Officer of the Southern Smaj District. The transfer of Major-Generai Volunteers from abroad have also helped in In London, too, African diplomatic mis­ Gonen to a subordinate command, known to the kibbutzim where they are mainly em­ sions circularised among MPs a statement have been initiated by Mr. Moshe Dayan, tne ployed and, of course, people are at present strongly condemning Israel and calling for Defence Minister, has been criticised as a^ really working with no thought of strikes or UN measures against the "racist alliance com­ attempt to make him an unjust victim for tne shirking. prising Israel, South Africa, Rhodesia and strategic failures in the early phases of tne Portugal". The statement expresses "grave war. f TOURISM concern" over the role "played by Israel At a meeting of the central committee oi against the interests of African countries" the Israel Labour Party, colleagues With the end of the war, Israel's tourist and its co-operation in all spheres with the denounced Mr. Dayan because of errors saio prospects have begun to improve. In Novem­ "racist and imperialist regimes in the con­ to have been committed before and during ber about 25,000 visitors arrived compared tinent". the October war. Mr. Yigal Allon, the Deputy with 18,500 in October (this compares with Premier, said that the present Governmem 69,000 in the same month last year), and the bore responsibility for mistakes made i^f^cl Ministry of Tourism is convinced that it will RETURN FROM SOVIET GAOL nection with the war and no one should oe not be long before the country is back to the allowed to wriggle out of responsibility. ^' previous high level of tourism. Mr. Yehuda Kogan, a greengrocer from Dayan, who appeared on the platform at tn Givatayim, near Tel Aviv, was arrested by meeting, declared he would stay on in his GERMAN AWARD the KGB when he visited his native Russia in post unless the Premier withdrew or thi"^e 1963, and charged with deserting from the party formally demanded his resignation, ri The writer and journalist, Mr. Erich Gottge­ Red Army in 1945 and re-entering the Soviet emphatically stated his opposition to any P'°' treu (Jerusalem), who on many occasions also posals to give the West Bank population^ contributed articles to AJR Information, was Union as an Israeli agent. After spending ten State west of the River Jordan which, ne awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit, years in Soviet gaols and labour camps, he said, would be the beginning of the oes First Class. has now retumed home to Israel. truction of Israel.

FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED Accommodation Vacant MISSING PERSONS LADY of kindly disposition wanted Entries in the column Family The charge in these columns is to share a comfortable home in AJR Enquiries Events are free of charge. Texts 15p for five words. Streatham with a recently widowed should be sent in by the 15th of lady, in retum for companionship. Wolfram.—Mrs. Meta WolfranJ' Situations Vacant Terms to be discussed but flexible. last known address: 61 Leesio"^ the month. Box 364. Crescent, London, NWll OHB. BOOKKEEPER, part-time. West TO LET at Pitt House, North End Birthdays End. Would suit retired person. Avenue, London, N.W.3, bedroom, Box 363. sitting-room and bathroom. There THEODOR HERZL SOCIETY Seidler.—Mr. David Seidler, of 5 is a large garden. In quietest sur­ Lecture Course in conjunction Yorath Road, Whitchurch, Cardiff Women roundings. Box 365. with (formerly of Vienna and Bmo), celebrated his 80th birthday on The AJR EMPLOYMENT For Sale LONDON UNIVERSITY (E.M-D) December 21, 1973. AGENCY needs part-time Home- DAUNEN - OBERBETTEN mit helps (shopping/cooking), com­ BEZUEGEN. Tel.: 01-883 0321. ISRAEL TODAY Summerfield.—Mr. Frank Summer- panions and attendants for the Miscellaneous field, of 81 Holmefield Court, Lon­ elderly who require personal assis­ DR. DAVID LAZAR tance. Please telephone: 01-624 EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS don, N.W.S, celebrated his 75th AND RESTYLING. All kinds of (Hebrew University) birthday on December 24, 1973. 4449 for an appointment. fur work undertaken by first-class renovator and stylist, many years' On Tuesday, January 22nd: Situations Wanted experience and best references. PARTIES & UNIONS Deaths Phone 01-452 5867, after 5 p.m. Women for appointment. Mrs. F. PhUipp, (AHer the Election) Thein.—Ida Thein, on December 2, 44 Ellesmere Road. Dollis Hill, On Tuesday, February 5: 1973, in her 89th year, peacefully ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, London. N.W.IO. at Heinrich Stahl House. etc., undertaken by ladies on our GOVERNMENT-KNESSEJ- register. Phone: AJR Employment CIVIL ADMINISTRATION Wollner.—Mrs. Annie Wollner, of Agency, 01-624 4449. CHANGE OF ADDRESS at Zion House, Hampstead. 105 Jacqueline House, Fitzroy In order to ensure that you 57 Eton Avenue, London, N.w-" Road, London, N.W.I (formerly CONTINENTAL LADY, German- receive your copy ot "AJR Vienna), passed away on Decem­ speaking, seeks non-residential Information" regularly, please 8.15 p.m. ber 4, 1973, in her 79th year after position as nursing companion. inform us immediately of any tureLeafles t untiandl detail1G.4.197s o4f furthefro'^-oor 1^l ' a short illness. Sadly missed by her Also night duty and as travelling change of address. H. M Hirsch. Tel.: 01-435 72Z1- relatives and friends. companion. Box 366. AJR INFORMATION January, 1874 Page 11

AGED COMMUNITT JEWRY IN THE EAST Official Soviet statistics highlight the &ct that the Jewish community is a pre­ LEIB TREPPER IN LONDON leave for Israel or to go abroad was con­ dominantly ageing one which, combined with nected with the Soviet attitude to Jewry after intermarriage, is causing a decrease. Accord­ Leib Trepper, the Polish Jew who was the Six-Day War. ing to the 1970 census, out of 807,915 Jews in head of the Red Orchestra, one of the world's When the antisemitic campaign started in the Russian Federation where about one- top espionage organisation, came to London Poland, Trepper resigned from the chair­ third of Soviet Jews live, only about 11 per tor urgent medical attention. manship of the Jewish Social and Cultural cent are aged under 15 years, indicating a The Military Intelligence Department of Association, a post he had occupied since his birth rate less than half that of Anglo-Jewry the Red Army established the Red Orchestra retum to Poland in 1957. and about a third of that of the Jewish popu­ some two years before the outbreak of war. lation of Israel. In contrast, over 26 per cent t^repper and his collaborators, drawn from 13 He is sure that a Russian veto was behind of Jews living in the Russian Federal Re­ nationalities, including Germans of the the Polish refusal to release him. He is also public are aged more than 60 years, probably ^chultze-Boysen circle, were all staunch anti- in no doubt that the real reason for the Rus­ making the Jews demographically on average Nazis. The group operated mainly through sian objections is that an attempt is being the most elderly ethnic group in Russia. ousiness companies, doing business with high- made in the Soviet Union to present the Jianking Germans. Operating from Berlin, the heroes of the Red Orchestra as mainly Rus­ The Jewish population of the Soviet Union ^.erman group had connections reaching into sians, occasionally Germans, but never Jews. dropped by 5-2 per cent to 2,151,000 from nigh govemment and army circles. They In a book about the Red Orchestra published the 2,268,000 recorded in the 1959 census. supplied advance notice not only of the date in Moscow about two years ago under the Whilst the number in the Russian Federal ff Hitlers surprise attack on Russia but also title "Forget Your Name", the Jewishness of Republic and the Ukraine decreased by 8 per 'he plans and orders of battle for subsequent members of the group was hidden from the cent, it increased by 5 per cent in Central campaigns, the details often being known to reader and all reference to Jewish participa­ Asia and the Caucasus, remaining largely Moscow before Hitler's commanders in the tion was eliminated from serialised features steady in Moldavia, Byelorussia and the Baltic tield. Some of the vital information, in­ about the Red Orchestra. republics. cluding the German attack on June 22, 1941, Once he recovers and the family is re­ Was disregarded. united, probably in Israel, Trepper intends to FURTHER REPRESSIVE MEASURES .At the head of the network stood what has write his own story of the Orchestra, which ^en described as "Trepper's small band of will commemorate his fallen Jewish com­ A press conference in London was told by iews, the poor Davids of a martyred people". rades. This once very high-ranking officer of Sir Samuel Fisher, president of the Board of J>ome of Trepper's closest Jewish comrades in the Soviet Military Intelligence is now a dis­ Deputies, and Alderman Michael Fidler, MP, ^ne Red Orchestra were his friends from the illusioned man, who can see the justification chainnan of the board's foreign affairs com­ says when they were Communists in of his past only in the context of Jewish anti- mittee, that further repressive measures ^alestine, from where he was deported by the Nazi resistance, the history of which he also against Jews, including show trials in the af­ "ntish in 1929. All were captured by the hopes to write. termath of the Arab-Israeli War, are now J'estapo and tortured, but took their secrets under way. w the grave. ARRIVALS IN WEST GERMANY The presidents of New York's five .Trepper's arrest on his return to Moscow boroughs took part in a telephone con­ }n 1945 and his imprisonment was because of According to informed sources, about 100 versation from the New York City Hall to hi•s" insistence on an investigation of the blun- Soviet Jews are reported to have arrived in Moscow. Two prominent Soviet-Jewish scient­ den|s made by his superiors in Moscow, who West Berlin to settle in West Germany. Al­ ists, Mr. Alexander Lunts and Mr. Vladimir , --" juidue uy II1& toupciiuxa iii inu&cuw, wiiu though in possession of Israeli passports, Slepak, wamed that "things are worse than ^?d ignored some of the vital information none of them planned to settle there, having before" in the harassment of people wishing n \u^ by the Red Orchestra. The arrest had come to West Germany because they felt to emigrate to Israel. Mr. Lunts said that in nothing to do with Stalin's anti-Jewish purges strong links with German culture, some Moscow Jews were being warned to attend gJ the time, but the refusal of the Polish another trial which was being prepared. ••Uthorities over the past six years to let him having relations living in the country.

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OLD AGE HOME RESIDENTS HELP Letters to the Editor ISRAEL At a bazaar held at Otto Hirsch House, COMMENTS ON DR. WELTSCH'S As to the very complicated question of rel­ £225 was raised for the benefit of the Medical ARTICLE ations with the Soviet Union, the facts men­ Aid for Israei Committee. This remarkable suc­ tioned by Mr. Schwab are certainly known to cess is due to the devoted efforts of the The following letter by Mr. E. S. Schwab us all, yet in the present situation the residents and the staff under the guidance is the only expression of dissent received question for Israel is not one of moralising of the Matron, Mrs. V. Watson, and her hus­ after the publication of Dr. R. Weltsch's but of finding a way to extricate herself from band. In addition the Home also collected article in our previous issue. On the other a very dangerous constellation on the plane £125 in aid for Israel. Similar successful col­ hand, there has hardly been a previous of global power struggle; a problem which, lections were spontaneously made in the other occasion on which so many readers spon­ though unpalatable, is also haunting bigger Homes. This is most gratifying not only frpw taneously expressed their agreement and countries. To enlarge on this matter would, the material angle, but also as the expression asked for additional copies for their friends however, go beyond the scope of this note. of the residents' initiative and their solidarity in this country and abroad. As an example, with Israel during the times of emergency. taken at random, we also publish the letter Sir,—/ should like to express my complete by Mr. Peter Prager.—The Ed. sympathy vnth the views expressed by Robert EMERGENCY AT OTTO SCHIFF HOUSE Weltsch in your December issue. If notice had As many readers wUl already have heard, a Sir,—/ wonder why Robert Weltsch found been taken of his views when he expressed fire broke out in the loft of Otto Schiff House it necessary to contribute an article to your them, in your journal in August, 1967, in the moming of December 14. There was December issue which "may hurt the feelings thousands oj Israeli and Arab mothers would fortunately no damage to life or limb. Thanks of some readers". Did he not realise that our not have to mourn the death of their sons to the Matron and her staff, the house was feelings are being hurt quite enough by a today. vacated immediately in an orderly way. Many perusal of the daily press and that "candid" neighbours offered their help, and the resi­ articles such as his, whilst containing a num­ PETER PRAGER. dents were given shelter in the American ber of home truths which are hardly new to 100 Bawdsey Avenue, school opposite the Home, where they wei^ the Jewish public, are more suitable for one Ilford, Essex. looked after in a most touching way by the of our "even-handed" daily or evening papers? staff and the pupUs. Shortly afterwards, the Camden Old People's Welfare Association lai" I take the strongest exception to his para­ WHAT DOES ONE DO ? on transport to have 16 of the residents trans­ graph on the relationship between Israel and ferred to the four other Homes. The damage Soviet Russia. In stressing the "violent" propa­ Sir,—Recently I watched the film Leni is mainly on the top floor of the old part ot ganda campaign which Israel has "for many Riefenstahl made about the Reichsparteitag the building, whereas the new wing is noj years" condu.cted against Russia, he forgets in Niirnberg in 1934. I was there, in affected. Members of the House Committee and the much more violent and unprovoked cam­ Niirnberg in 1934, thirteen years' old then. of the staff of the CBF and the AJR were on paign which the Soviet rulers have been con­ I had a happy childhood—yes, in Niimberg, the spot as soon as the news had reached in Streicher's city. At the High School them and rendered effective assistance i" ducting against Israel and their ovm Jeunsh coping with the situation. citizens. One wonders whether he is naive (Mddchenlyzeum) in the Labenwolfstrasse enov.gh to imagine that Soviet Russia would was little antisemitism. The headmaster was ZION HOUSE LECTURES ever wish to be a restraining influence on kind to lis Jewish girls. Our classmates had known us for a few years before Hitler came This year's annual lecture series of the the Arabs, except for reasons of power poli­ Theodor Herzl Society is centred around tne tics. When one considers that the Soviet rulers to power and it had never occurred to them subject "Israel Today". Details may be seen were accessories before the fact to the start that we were the scum of the earth, so they from the advertisement on page 10. All readers of the Yom Kippur War, and that they sub­ too were pretty decent. And of course we— of "AJR Information" and their friends wUJ sequently, in the most outrageous language, the Jewish girls—stuck together like any­ be welcome. incited the uninvolved Arab States to join thing. Talk about the spirit of the Londoners their "brethren" in the fight against Israel, during the Blitz (and I was in London during TRIBUTE TO HEINE IN LONDON AND one can only hope that Dr. Weltsch will try the Blitz) we had that spirit long before. PARIS to be fair as well as candid when he writes I have not been back to Niimberg, felt I The Polytechnic of Central London offered his next article. a tribute to Heinrich Heine on the 176th an- couldn't—my father was killed in Auschvntz. niver.sary of his birth. Professors, lecturers E. S. SCHWAB. And suddenly, while watching that film, I and students from a number of London, Col­ 24 Gresham Gardens, thought I unll go back next year, jxist for a leges contributed to the celebration by Sivin| London, N.W.ll. coup'e of days, after 35 years. I unll go back lectures and reciting Heine's poems, works o and have a look again at the town, at the old prose and songs as set to music by Schuber school, at our street, and above all—at the and Schumann and thus gave an impression DR. WELTSCH writes: house. My father designed it himself vrith the of the universality of Hein's spirit, all tn help of an architect in 1927; it was a beautiful more as the contributors comprised national* I have full and sympathetic understanding of many countries, e.g. England, Germany' for Mr. Schwab's malaise which is shared by house, I have not seen a nicer one anywhere. France, Sweden, Poland and Holland. Mr BCi' many others. Yet does he not realise that in But what does one do? Does one stand in muth Friedmann of the Modern Language* the Zionist camp what he now calls "home the street, stare at the outside for a few Department of the Polytechnic summarise" truths" was for the past 50 years, and es­ minutes, and go home again? Or does one ring the spirit of the meeting in the woras. pecially for the past six years (after the vic­ the bell, and when some stranger opens the "Many professors have interpreted literatur tory and occupation), widely considered of­ in different wavs. It is up to us to show how fensive or "defeatist" heresy when voiced door, does one say "I've spent my childhood literature arise's from life itself and »"» by—albeit non-conformist—Jewish patriots, here—can I have a look round?" serve life now and in the future." * while the bulk of the pubiic, in the Diaspora What does one do? What have others At the same time news has reached us tn? still more than in Israel, parroted the simpJi- done? as a result of a vote by German students w, fi"d hubristi? self-glorifying propaganda? ANNEMARIE POLOWAY. Paris the German Hostel at the Paris Cii^ Thi

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