C8e: The Bioeconomy and Non-Wood Forest Products - 2 08:30 - 10:30 Saturday, 5th October, 2019 Venue R12 - WING 2 Congress Theme C. Forests and Forest Products for a Greener Future Presentation Types Oral Chair Jim Dr, Carsten Prof
The bioeconomy is made up of those parts of the economy that use renewable terrestrial and aquatic biological resources, such as forests, fish, and wildlife, to produce food, building materials, energy, medicine, and other essential items. While nonwood forest products (NWFPs) are essential items in the bioeconomy, there are many gaps in our knowledge: what is the role of NWFPs in promoting larger-scale economic growth including through value addition? Can NWFPs support a transition to green growth? Are NWFP institutions and knowledge integrated into such transitions? To what degree do NWFPs promote sustainable resource use, generate employment, and contribute to poverty alleviation? Should bioeconomic interventions and policies focus on or avoid NWFPs? This collaborative session invites presentations that explore these questions, preferably through empirically-based data.
08:30 - 08:45
C8e Sustainability of resin production systems in Europe according to harvesting methods and contexts based on the evolution of the international pine resin market.
Armand Clopeau, Christophe Orazio European Forest Institute, Cestas, France
Abstract
The European natural resin extraction industry went through a period of deep crisis during the end of the last century. Public and Private initiatives have been taken in Spain, France and Portugal. The main initiatives implemented are presented in this study which was carried out as part of SustForest+ Project, funded by Interreg Sudoe and the European Regional Development Found (ERDF). First, the study consists in a description of the different production contexts in the world and the associated harvesting methods. This technical information is supplemented by economic data on the past and current resin market. This state of play makes it possible to formulate proposals concerning the evolution of the international resin market. Two scenarios are proposed, favorable or unfavorable to the development of resin production in Europe. The European potentialities of production are then estimated by cost-benefit analysis for each method in each European country, in order to know the profitability thresholds in different production contexts and thus to estimate the viability and sustainability of the various forest management systems designed to harvest resin in south west Europe. 08:45 - 09:00
C8e How municipalities can increase their revenue by managing non-timber forest products
Sarah Melo1, Sarah Linhales1, Lorena PInto2, Sandra Regina Afonso3, Edson Logato4, Maria Auxiliadora Drumond1 1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 2Instituto Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Sustentabilidade , Brumadinho, Brazil. 3Serviço Florestal Brasileiro, Brasília, Brazil. 4Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Abstract
Non-timber forest product (NTFP) extractivism's value is invisible to governments and society, and is low priority in the formulation and implementation of Public Policies (PP). Looking to propose PP adaptations for the valuation and valorization of NTFPs, we analyze Brazil's Agricultural ICMS - goods and services tax - which is one of the Robin Hood Law's 17 criteria regarding the distribution of ICMS within the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. It is calculated based on food production and family farmer data from MG municipalities. Although the LRH also considers extractivists who promote the sustainable management of native forests as family farmers, calculation for distribution of this incentive is based on the area cultivated for food production only, added to pasture areas, and does not take extractive production into account. This calculation excludes all the production of food extracted from municipalities'native vegetation, and devalues the work of extractivists, who are often traditional populations and small farmers who are recognized guardians of biodiversity. Thus, we propose that this calculation be based on the agricultural production of the municipality, including the production of food derived from extractivism, thus contributing to the conservation of NTFPs and generating even more income for the municipalities involved. In the analyzed case of the municipality of São João da Lagoa, this change would provide an increase of approximately 7% in the transfer of resources considering only the harvest of the pequi fruit in 2016.This percentage would be even greater if the production of other extracted NTFPs were considered too. 09:00 - 09:15
C8e Development of undergrowth-based economy benefits farmers and rural economic development
Yiqian Zhu, Yanru Zeng The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
Abstract
Decreased tree felling for purposes of ecosystem conservation and improvement has led to fast development of undergrowth-based economy in Zhejiang Province of China. An investigation of 16 undergrowth species produced by 30 organizations in Hangzhou, Lishui, Jinhua, Ningbo and Quzhou of the province has found that Zhejiang is rich in various NTFPs (Non-timber forest products) including both traditional Chinese medicine and edible fungi produced in such forest types as pure plantations and secondary natural forest. There are various undergrowth planting modes with no chemical fertilizer and pesticide applied, which are close-to-organic cultivation with no damage to the original forest ecological environment and have improved forest production through management of planted undergrowth species. In addition, there exist diverse organizational forms such as state-owned enterprises, household-based farms and cooperatives for production and management. The government supports undergrowth economic development by issuing red-headed documents in terms of policy. Researchers from higher learning institutions and local forestry bureaus also actively participate in and technically support the production of undergrowth NTFPs. Moreover, undergrowth planting has not only produced economically profitable NTFPs but also promoted the development of forest tourism, forest-based health industry and tourist products. Some undergrowth NTFP producers are economically strong and play a leading role, which has led to a large radiation area and quickened the transformation of business modes in forestry to increase farmers' income. And finally farmers are happily involved in this form of production. Therefore, Zhejiang Province has a broad prospect for the production of undergrowth NTFPs. 09:15 - 09:30
C8e Ecosystem services provided by mammal species in traditional medicine: a biological prospection and conservation implication in Benin
Chabi Djagoun1, Hugues Akpona1,2, Brice Sinsin1 1Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Abomey Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin. 2Direction Générale des Forêts et des Ressources Naturelles, Cotonou, Benin
Abstract
Mammals is considered as a high proportion of global species diversity among vertebrate and include species that are widely distributed worldwide and play a variety of roles that benefit humans. There are commonly used in traditional medicine, both for the treatment of ailments and for symbolic purposes, such as improving relationships and attaining good fortune. The aim of this study was to identify the mammal species used in traditional medicine and evaluate the contribution of these highly diverse groups to human welfare. We conducted the semi-structured interviews in 22 animal-based medicine markets throughout the country with a total of 110 sellers. Among the 87 mammal species traded on the traditional medicine market in Benin, 46 species were sold by at least half of those traders surveyed; the conservation status of these animals included near threatened, vulnerable and endangered species. This study also found that rarer species were more costly and this constitutes an economic motivation for sellers to develop strategies for the availability of threatened species on their displays. All species are said to have both medicinal and magical values; however their use for magical purposes predominated. This study is a preliminary assessment of mammal used for animal-based medicine purposes in Benin; further investigation is required to increase our understanding of the harvesting and trade of those species, and to assess the impacts caused by the commercial exploitation. 09:30 - 09:45
C8e Açai (Euterpe oleracea) in the Amazon: until when a non-timber forest product?
Janaina Diniz1, Nathalie Cialdella2 1Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil. 2CIRAD, Montpellier, France
Abstract
Until the 1990s the açai was a product basically of local consumption in the states of the Brazilian Amazon, being even known as "food of the poor". Since then, following the expansion of its market, the exploitation of this fruit has undergone numerous transformations. Nowadays, besides being nationally known, it also has its demand expanded in the international markets, being considered now as a superfood. Such increase in demand has consequently influenced an increase in consumer prices and, in most cases, in the remuneration of extractivists, originally the exclusive suppliers of the fruit. The increase in supply has been due to the multiplication and diversification of actors in the chain, as well as the diversification of management and production practices (native acai trees densification, increase of monoculture or consortium plantations), depending on the economic context of the producing region, proximity to the industry and time in the activity of the primary suppliers. These changes can also bring vulnerability to more traditional forms and with smaller scale of production. Considering the trajectory of other extractive products that had their demands increased and, in order to meet them, had to identify substitutes, or to change the type of production system, this paper discusses, from recent data, if the main form of açai offer in the future will still remain through extraction or through cultivation systems. The paper also discusses what forms of market regulation and maintenance of traditional practices could guarantee the permanence of diversified and more sustainable systems. 09:45 - 10:00
C8e O CONHECIMENTO TRADICIONAL SOBRE ECOLOGIA E EXTRAÇÃO DO ÓLEO DE ANDIROBA NAS RESERVAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL MAMIRAUA E AMANÃ – AM, AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
EMANUELLE RAIOL PINTO1, ANA CLÁUDIA LIRA-GUEDES2, AURISTELA SANTOS CONSERVA3 1INSTITUTO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL MAMIRAUÁ, TEFÉ, Brazil. 2EMBRAPA AMAPÁ, MACAPÁ, Brazil. 3AUTONOMA, MANAUS, Brazil
Abstract
Por trás do aparato comercial das indústrias de produtos naturais, existe o conhecimento das populações que, tradicionalmente, extraem o óleo de andiroba e encontram dificuldades de acesso ao mercado. O objetivo deste foi identificar o conhecimento tradicional sobre a andiroba e caracterizar o modo de extração dos ribeirinhos das Reservas Mamirauá e Amanã, Amazonas, Brasil. Foram realizadas 30 entrevistas, em 18 comunidades. A maioria dos entrevistados possui ensino fundamental incompleto, a renda familiar é composta pelo extrativismo e bolsas sociais. A extração do óleo de andiroba é realizada prioritariamente para o consumo, embora haja potencial para a comercialização. Os extratores visitam o andirobal uma única vez no ano para coletar as sementes. Não identificam claramente as fases fenológicas, mas, sabem quando é o "tempo de coletar”, por exemplo. A maioria dos informantes afirma que as andirobeiras frutificam entre novembro e junho e a dispersão acontece entre dezembro e julho, sendo melhor para coletar em maio. Declaram que as sementes são todas iguais, porém dizem ter diferença na madeira: branca ou vermelha.Todos os entrevistados relataram saber extrair o óleo e que esta é uma atividade realizada principalmente pelas mulheres. As etapas são: coleta das sementes, cozimento, secagem, descascamento, preparo da massa e escorrimento do óleo. Estas informações facilitam o manejo da atividade nessas áreas, valorizam o conhecimento tradicional associado e o empoderamento feminino na exploração de óleos de sementes florestais. Podendo alavancar a organização social para a comercialização de um produto amazônico de forma sustentável, mantendo a floresta em pé.