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The Influence of Diameter on Resin Yield from Pinus Caribaea at Kikonda Forest Reserve Kyankwanzi District

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The Influence of Diameter on Resin Yield from Pinus Caribaea at Kikonda Forest Reserve Kyankwanzi District MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES [CAES] SCHOOL OF FORESTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, TOURISM AND BIODIVERSITY THE INFLUENCE OF DIAMETER ON RESIN YIELD FROM PINUS CARIBAEA AT KIKONDA FOREST RESERVE KYANKWANZI DISTRICT NADIOPE ALLAN 14/U/10800/PS 21400214 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF FORESTRY, GEOGRAPHICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR AWARD OF DEGREE INBACHELOR’S OF SCIENCE IN CONSERVATION FORESTRY AND PRODUCTS ENGINEERING OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY AUGUST 2018 i DEDICATION I dedicate this report to my family whose love and support has continually inspired my life and academic life as a whole. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am so grateful to the almighty God for everything throughout my academic life, for without him seeing me through would not have made it. I thank you every day of my life. My appreciation goes to my family more so my dear mum Nakubugo Rehema and dear father Mr. Kalema Steven, Mukyala Daphine, Kagoda Timothy, K. Joel, Sendawula Ibrahim and Nalule Getrude for being there for me in very moment of my life and for the financial support throughout my academic journey, am grateful. My appreciation goes to the entire management of Global Woods Company Kikonda forest reserve for their support to in all aspects during this research, Mr. Otim Moses, Mr.Zakaliya, Mr. Blessing. Mr. Leo T. Ms. Priscilla, Mugabi Collins, Matovu Brian, Kimuli Nicolas and Kasimu. My exceptional appreciation goes also to my supervisor Dr. Christine Nagawa for not giving up on me throughout the research study, her advice and guidance has enabled me complete this important part of my life has new adventures awaits me. God to bless you all. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION.......................................................................................................................................... i DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Back ground .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem statement ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Justification of the study ...................................................................................................................... 3 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Non-timber forest products .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1 Natural resins ..................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Types of resins .................................................................................................................................... 5 Rosin ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Uses of resins ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Techniques for resin tapping used around the world ........................................................................ 8 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................. 13 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................................................. 13 3.1 Description of the study area ............................................................................................................. 13 3.2 Experimental setup ............................................................................................................................. 14 3.2.1 Resin tapping process ...................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Data collection ..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 15 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................... 16 4.1.2 The total amount of resin collected from the sample trees ........................................................... 17 4.1.3 Amount of resin produced at different diameter classes .............................................................. 17 4.2 The best minimal start tree diameter for resin tapping .................................................................. 19 4.3 The relationship between the diameter of the trees and resin amount produced ......................... 20 4.4 Effect of rain on resin production ..................................................................................................... 21 4.5 Resin production costs and profits .................................................................................................... 22 iv CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................................................................................... 24 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 24 5.1 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................... 24 References .................................................................................................................................................. 26 v ABSTRACT Non- timber forest products obtained from both natural and planted forests can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation through income generation and employment opportunities. Planted forests are mainly composed of a single crop or tree species such as Pinus species that are grown on both a small and large scale. The main purpose for Pinus species plantations in Uganda is timber production, however, at Kikonda forest reserve extraction and harvesting of resin from the Pinus trees is done. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of tree diameter on the amount of resin produced when the tree is injured. Two plots were established in different compartments (D07 and E03), 30 trees were tapped for resin for a month using the American method of resin tapping. The trees were grouped into five diameter classes. The total amount of resin collected from compartment D07 and E03 was7.354kg and 5.671kg respectively. Basing on the results from this study, the best minimal start diameter for resin tapping was between 21.0 cm to 25.9 cm Dbh. The relationship between the tree diameter and resin amount produced and collected showed a very weak correlation (0.129). The relationship between tree diameter and resin produce was statistically non significant (p value 0.327<0.05) with a sample of 60 trees. Thus there was no statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis hence it was concluded that diameter does not directly influence the resin amount produced however, the amount of resin produced slightly increased with increase in tree diameter due to the observed positive weak correlation between diameter and resin amount produced. Therefore trees with a minimum diameter of 21.0 cm Dbh should be considered for resin tapping operations. Key words: Non-timber forest products, Resin, Tree diameter, Resin tapping vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Main species from which resin is produced and their yield ........................................... 12 Table 2: Total resin amount collected from each individual tree ................................................. 16 Table 3: Amount of resin collected from compartment D07 and E03 .......................................... 17 Table 4: Resin amount collected from each class ......................................................................... 17 Table 5: Regression analysis between diameter and amount of resin collected
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