49 CFR Ch. II (10–1–20 Edition)

Pt. 230 49 CFR Ch. II (10–1–20 Edition)

(5) The observer shall stand as far from the (2) Description of locomotive being tested, microphone as possible. No more than two including: make, model number, serial num- people (tester, observers or crew members) ber, and date of manufacture. shall be inside the cab during measurements. (3) Description of sound level meter and (6) The locomotive shall be tested under calibrator, including: make, model, type, se- self-loading conditions if so equipped. If the rial number, and manufacturer’s calibration locomotive is not equipped with self load, date. the locomotive shall be tested with no-load (4) The recorded measurement during cali- (No-load defined as maximum RPM—no elec- bration and for each microphone location tric load) and an adjustment of 3 dB added to during operating conditions. the measured level. (5) Other information as appropriate to de- scribe the testing conditions and procedure, (7) The sound level shall be recorded at the including whether or not the locomotive was highest horsepower or throttle setting. tested under self-loading conditions, or not. (8) After the engine speed has become con- (6) Where a locomotive fails a test and is stant and the in-cab noise is continuous, re-tested under the provisions of § III(9) of LAeq, T shall be measured, either directly or this appendix, the suspected reason(s) for the using a 1 second sampling interval, for a failure. minimum duration of 30 seconds at each [71 FR 63136, Oct. 27, 2006, as amended at 74 measurement position (LAeq, 30s). FR 25174, May 27, 2009] (9) The highest LAeq, 30s of the 4 measurement positions shall be used for determining compliance with § 229.121(a). PART 230—STEAM LOCOMOTIVE (10) A locomotive that has failed to meet INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE the static test requirements of this regula- STANDARDS tion may be re-tested in accordance with the requirements in section II of this appendix. Subpart A—General IV. RECORDKEEPING Sec. To demonstrate compliance, the entity 230.1 Purpose and scope. conducting the test shall maintain records of 230.2 Applicability. the following data. The records created 230.3 Implementation. under this procedure shall be retained and 230.4 Penalties. made readily accessible for review for a min- 230.5 Preemptive effect. imum of three years. All records may be 230.6 Waivers. maintained in either written or electronic 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. form. 230.8 Definitions. (1) Name(s) of persons conducting the test, 230.9 Information collection. and the date of the test. 230.10 [Reserved]

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GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS SAFETY RELIEF VALVES 230.11 Repair of non-complying conditions. 230.48 Number and capacity. 230.12 Movement of non-complying steam 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. locomotives. 230.50 Time of testing. 230.13 Daily inspection. 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day inspec- WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS tion. 230.51 Number and location. 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day inspec- 230.52 Water glass valves. tion. 230.53 Time of cleaning. 230.16 Annual inspection. 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy- 230.54 Testing and maintenance. two (1472) service day inspection. 230.55 Tubular type water and lubricator glasses and shields. RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS 230.56 Water glass lamps.

230.18 Service days. INJECTORS, FEEDWATER PUMPS, AND FLUE 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 and FRA PLUGS Form No. 3. 230.20 Alteration and repair report for 230.57 Injectors and feedwater pumps. steam locomotive boilers. 230.58 Flue plugs. 230.21 Steam locomotive number change. FUSIBLE PLUGS 230.22 Accident reports. 230.59 Fusible plugs. Subpart B—Boilers and Appurtenances WASHING BOILERS 230.23 Responsibility for general construction and safe working pressure. 230.60 Time of washing. 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, ALLOWABLE STRESS circulators and thermic siphons.

230.24 Maximum allowable stress. STEAM PIPES 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on stays and braces. 230.62 Dry pipe. 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure STRENGTH OF MATERIALS parts.

230.26 Tensile strength of shell plates. STEAM LEAKS 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of rivets. 230.28 Higher shearing strength of rivets. 230.64 Leaks under lagging. 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine crew. INSPECTION AND REPAIR 230.29 Inspection and repair. Subpart C—Steam Locomotives and 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. Tenders 230.31 Flues to be removed. 230.66 Design, construction, and mainte- 230.32 Time and method of inspection. nance. 230.33 Welded repairs and alterations. 230.67 Responsibility for inspection and re- 230.34 Riveted repairs and alterations. pairs. PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS SPEED INDICATORS 230.35 Pressure testing. 230.68 Speed indicators. 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. 230.37 Steam test following repairs or alter- ASH PANS ations. 230.69 Ash pans. STAYBOLTS BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT 230.38 Telltale holes. 230.39 Broken staybolts. 230.70 Safe condition. 230.40 Time and method of staybolt testing. 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps. 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. 230.73 Air gauges. STEAM GAUGES 230.74 Time of cleaning. 230.42 Location of gauges. 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and clean- 230.43 Gauge siphon. ing. 230.44 Time of testing. 230.76 Piston travel. 230.45 Method of testing. 230.77 Foundation brake gear. 230.46 Badge plates. 230.78 Leakage. 230.47 Boiler number. 230.79 Train signal system.

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CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 20103, 20107, 20702; 28 LIGHTS U.S.C. 2461, note; and 49 CFR 1.89.

230.80 Cabs. SOURCE: 64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, unless 230.81 Cab aprons. otherwise noted. 230.82 Fire doors. 230.83 Cylinder cocks. 230.84 Sanders. Subpart A—General 230.85 Audible warning device. 230.86 Required illumination. § 230.1 Purpose and scope. 230.87 Cab lights. This part prescribes minimum Fed- THROTTLES AND REVERSING GEAR eral safety standards for all steam-pro- 230.88 Throttles. pelled locomotives operated on rail- 230.89 Reverse gear. roads to which this part applies. This part does not restrict a railroad from DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS adopting and enforcing additional or 230.90 Draw gear between locomotive and more stringent requirements not in- tender. consistent with this part. 230.91 Chafing irons. 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. § 230.2 Applicability.

DRIVING GEAR (a) Except as provided in paragraph 230.93 Pistons and piston rods. (b) of this section, this part applies to 230.94 Crossheads. all railroads that operate steam loco- 230.95 Guides. motives. 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion rods. (b) This part does not apply to: 230.97 Crank pins. (1) A railroad with track gage of less RUNNING GEAR than 24 inches; (2) A railroad that operates exclu- 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. sively freight trains and does so only 230.99 Tender truck axles. on track inside an installation that is 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles and not part of the general system of trans- journals. portation; 230.101 Steam locomotive driving journal (3) Rapid transit operations in an boxes. urban area that are not connected to 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal boxes. the general system of transportation; 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes. 230.104 Driving box shoes and wedges. or 230.105 Lateral motion. (4) A railroad that operates passenger trains and does so only on track inside TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING SYSTEM an installation that is insular, i.e., its 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. operations are limited to a separate en- 230.107 Tender frame and body. clave in such a way that there is no 230.108 Steam locomotive leading and trail- reasonable expectation that the safety ing trucks. of the public—except a business guest, 230.109 Tender trucks. a licensee of the railroad or an affili- 230.110 Pilots. 230.111 Spring rigging. ated entity, or a trespasser—would be affected by the operation. An operation WHEELS AND TIRES will not be considered insular if one or 230.112 Wheels and tires. more of the following exists on its line: 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. (i) A public highway-rail crossing 230.114 Wheel centers. that is in use; (ii) An at-grade rail crossing that is STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS in use; 230.115 Feed water tanks. (iii) A bridge over a public road or 230.116 Oil tanks. waters used for commercial navigation; APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION RE- or QUIREMENTS APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND (iv) A common corridor with another DRAWINGS railroad, i.e., its operations are con- APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION ducted within 30 feet of those of any FORMS other railroad.

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(c) See appendix A of part 209 for a (1) Petition process. Petitions must be current statement of the FRA’s policy filed by January 18, 2001 and must be on its exercise of jurisdiction. accompanied by all relevant documentation to be considered, including a § 230.3 Implementation. FRA Form No. 4 (see appendix C of this Except as provided in paragraphs (a) part) that has been calculated in ac- through (c) of this section, the loco- cordance with § 230.17, and all records motive owner and/or operator shall per- that demonstrate the number of days form a 1472 service day inspection that the locomotive has been in service. meets the requirements of § 230.17 when Based upon the documentation pro- the locomotive’s flues would be re- vided, FRA will calculate the number quired to be removed pursuant to of ‘‘service days’’ the locomotive has § 230.10, of the regulations in effect accrued and will notify the petitioner prior to January 18, 2000. (See 49 CFR of the number of service days that re- parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978) At main in the locomotive’s 1472 service the time the locomotive owner and/or day cycle. Petitions should be sent to operator completes this inspection, it FRA by some form of registered mail must begin to comply with the rest of to ensure a record of delivery. FRA will the provisions of this part. Up until investigate these petitions and will re- such time, and except as provided in spond to these petitions within one paragraphs (a) through (c) of this sec- year of their receipt. FRA will send its tion, compliance with the regulations response by some form of registered in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See mail to ensure that a record of delivery 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, is created. In its response, FRA may 1978) will constitute full compliance grant the petition or deny it. If FRA with this part. Any interested person grants the petition, the entirety of the may obtain the October 1, 1978 revision revised requirements will become effec- of 49 CFR parts 200–999 by contacting tive upon receipt of FRA’s response, the Federal Railroad Administration, unless FRA’s response indicates other- Office of Chief Counsel, 1200 New Jersey wise. If FRA denies the petition, the Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. rule will become effective as provided (a) One year after January 18, 2000. in the first paragraph of this section. The following sections of this part (2) FRA silence. Anyone who does not must be complied with by January 18, receive a response within one year of 2001: §§ 230.7, 230.51, 230.57, 230.68, 230.70, the date they filed their petition, 230.85, 230.87, 230.115, and 230.116. whether through administrative or (b) Interim flue removal extensions. postal error, must notify FRA that the FRA will continue to consider requests response has not been received. The no- for flue removal extensions under the tification should be provided to FRA provisions of § 230.10 of the regulations by some form of registered mail to en- in effect prior to January 18, 2000 (See sure a record of delivery. Upon receipt 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised October 1, of this notification, FRA will ensure 1978) until January 18, 2002. that a response is either issued, or re- (c) Petition for special consideration. issued, as soon as possible. In the in- The locomotive owner or operator may terim, however, any operator who is at petition FRA for special consideration the end of their inspection cycle under of this part’s implementation with re- the rules in effect prior to January 18, spect to any locomotive that has either 2000 (See 49 CFR parts 200–999, revised fully or partially satisfied the require- October 1, 1978) will be allowed to re- ments of § 230.17 within the three (3) main in service without conducting the year period prior to September 25, required inspection under § 230.17 for an 1998—provided the locomotive is in full compliance with § 230.17 by the time January 18, 2000 but has not had its FRA 1 the petition is actually filed. Form No. 4 updated, the locomotive owner or operator may update and verify the FRA 1 NOTE: As an example, where a locomotive Form No. 4 for that locomotive, and submit has received a proper boiler inspection after a timely petition that requests retroactive September 25, 1995 pursuant to §§ 230.10 and credit for the boiler inspection. (See 49 CFR 230.11 of the regulations in effect prior to parts 200–999, revised October 1, 1978.)

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additional six months, or until they re- of such a petition does not affect that ceive FRA’s decision, whichever occurs person’s responsibility for compliance first. with that requirement while the peti- [64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 74 tion is being considered. FR 25174, May 27, 2009] (b) Each petition for waiver under this section must be filed in the man- § 230.4 Penalties. ner and contain the information re- (a) Any person who violates any required by part 211 of this chapter. quirement of this part or causes the (c) If the Administrator finds that a violation of any such requirement is waiver of compliance is in the public subject to a civil penalty of at least interest and is consistent with railroad $892 and not more than $29,192 per vio- safety, the Administrator may grant lation, except that: Penalties may be the waiver subject to any conditions assessed against individuals only for the Administrator deems necessary. willful violations, and, where a grossly Where a waiver is granted, the Admin- negligent violation or a pattern of re- istrator publishes a notice containing peated violations has created an immi- the reasons for granting the waiver. nent hazard of death or injury to per- (d) All waivers of every form and sons, or has caused death or injury, a type from any requirement of any penalty not to exceed $116,766 per viola- order or regulation implementing the tion may be assessed. Each day a viola- Locomotive Boiler Inspection Act, 36 tion continues shall constitute a sepa- Stat. 913, as amended, 49 U.S.C. 20702, rate offense. See appendix A of part 209 applicable to one or more steam loco- for a statement of agency civil penalty motives, shall lapse on January 18, 2000 policy. unless a copy of the grant of waiver is (b) Any person who knowingly and filed for reassessment prior to that willfully falsifies a record or report re- date with the Office of Safety, Federal quired by this part may be subject to Railroad Administration, 1200 New Jer- criminal penalties under 49 U.S.C. sey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. 21311. FRA will review the waiver and notify [64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 69 the applicant whether the waiver has FR 30594, May 28, 2004; 72 FR 51197, Sept. 6, been continued. 2007; 73 FR 79703, Dec. 30, 2008; 77 FR 24421, [64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 74 Apr. 24, 2012; 81 FR 43111, July 1, 2016; 82 FR FR 25174, May 27, 2009] 16134, Apr. 3, 2017; 83 FR 60748, Nov. 27, 2018; 84 FR 37074, July 31, 2019] § 230.7 Responsibility for compliance. § 230.5 Preemptive effect. (a) The locomotive owner and/or op- The Locomotive Boiler Inspection erator is directly responsible for ensur- Act (49 U.S.C. 20701–20703) preempts all ing that all requirements of this part State laws or regulations concerning are satisfied, and is the entity pri- locomotive safety. Napier v. Atlantic marily responsible for compliance with Coast Line R.R., 272 U.S. 605 (1926). How- this part. ever, FRA believes Congress did not in- (b) Although the duties imposed by tend to preempt State laws or regula- this part are generally stated in terms tions concerning rail operations over of the duties of a railroad or a steam which FRA does not exercise jurisdic- locomotive owner and/or operator, any tion. Therefore, in issuing this part, it person, including a contractor for a is FRA’s intent that State laws or reg- railroad, who performs any function ulations applicable to those rail oper- covered by this part must perform that ations to which this part does not function in accordance with this part. apply (i.e., insular tourist operations) (c) Chapter 207 of Title 49 of the not be preempted. United States Codes makes it unlawful for any railroad to use or permit to be § 230.6 Waivers. used on its line any steam locomotive (a) A person subject to a requirement or tender unless the entire steam loco- of this part may petition the Adminis- motive or tender and its parts and ap- trator of FRA for a waiver of compli- purtenances are in proper condition ance with such requirement. The filing and safe to operate in the service to

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which they are put, without unneces- for the day-to-day operation of the sary danger of personal injury and have steam locomotive, or the delegate been inspected and tested as required thereof. This entity may be a railroad by this part. or a person or persons who operate a steam locomotive under contract for a § 230.8 Definitions. railroad. As used in this part, the terms listed Locomotive owner. Person or entity in this section have the following defi- which owns, but which does not nec- nitions: essarily operate, one or more steam lo- Administrator. The Administrator of comotives that is operated on a rail- the Federal Railroad Administration or road to which this part applies. For the Administrator’s delegate. purposes of inspection and mainte- Alteration. Any change to the boiler nance responsibility, this term in- which affects its pressure retention ca- cludes that entity’s delegate as well. pability. Rating changes are considered MAWP. Maximum allowable working alterations. pressure as specified by the steam loco- ANSI. American National Standards motive specification FRA Form No. 4. Institute. (See appendix C of this part.) API. American Petroleum Institute. NBIC. National Board Inspection ASME. American Society of Mechan- Code published by the National Board ical Engineers. of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspec- The boiler interior is Boiler surfaces. tors. all the space inside a boiler occupied NDE. Non-destructive Examination. by water or steam under pressure, and all associated surfaces inside that NPS. Nominal Pipe Size. space exposed to that water and steam. Person. An entity of any type covered The boiler exterior is the opposite sur- under 1 U.S.C. 1, including but not lim- face of all components directly exposed ited to the following: a railroad; a man- to the boiler interior. This includes the ager, supervisor, official, or other em- fire side of the firebox sheets. ployee or agent of a railroad; any Break. A fracture resulting in com- owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee plete separation into parts. of railroad equipment, track, or facili- Code of original construction. The ties; any independent contractor pro- manufacturer’s or industry code in ef- viding goods or services to a railroad; fect when the boiler was constructed. If and any employee of such owner, man- the exact code is not known, the clos- ufacturer, lessor, lessee, or independent est contemporary code may be used contractor. provided it does not pre-date the con- Railroad. Any form of non-highway struction date of the boiler. ground transportation that runs on Crack. A fracture without complete rails or electromagnetic guideways and separation into parts, except that cast- any entity providing such transpor- ings with shrinkage cracks or hot tears tation, including commuter or other that do not significantly diminish the short-haul railroad passenger service in strength of the member are not consid- a metropolitan or suburban area and ered to be cracked. commuter railroad service that was op- Dead locomotive. A locomotive unable erated by the Consolidated Rail Cor- to produce tractive effort. poration on January 1, 1979; and high Fire. Anything that produces prod- speed ground transportation systems ucts of combustion that heat transfer- that connect metropolitan areas, with- ring components of the locomotive are out regard to whether those systems exposed to. use new technologies not associated FRA. The Federal Railroad Adminis- with traditional railroads; but does not tration. include rapid transit operations in an Locomotive operator. Person or entity urban area that are not connected to which operates, but which does not the general railroad system of trans- necessarily own, one or more steam lo- portation. comotives. This term means, for pur- Renewal. Replacement in kind with a poses of inspection and maintenance newly manufactured or remanufac- responsibility, the entity responsible tured (restored to original tolerances)

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component. Materials shall be suitable § 230.12 Movement of non-complying for the service intended. steam locomotives. Repair. Any work which results in a (a) General limitations on movement. A restoration in kind. steam locomotive with one or more Serious injury. An injury that results non-complying conditions may be in the amputation of any appendage, moved only as a lite steam locomotive the loss of sight in an eye, the fracture or a steam locomotive in tow, except as of a bone, or the confinement in a hos- provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- pital for a period of more than 24 con- tion. Cars essential to the movement of secutive hours. the steam locomotive and tender(s), in- Service day. Any calendar day that cluding tool cars and a bunk car, may the boiler has steam pressure above at- accompany lite movements. mospheric pressure with fire in the (b) Conditions for movement. Prior to firebox. In the case of a fireless steam movement, the steam locomotive locomotive, any calendar day that the owner and/or operator shall determine boiler has steam pressure above atmos- that it is safe to move the locomotive, pheric pressure. determine the maximum speed and Stayed portion of the boiler. That por- other restrictions necessary for safely tion of the boiler designed to require conducting the movement, and notify support to retain internal pressure by in writing the engineer in charge of the the addition of strength members, such defective steam locomotive and, if as staybolts, braces, diagonal stays, towed, the engineer in charge of the tubes, etc. towing locomotive consist, as well as Steam locomotive. A self-propelled unit all other crew members in the cabs, of of equipment powered by steam that is the presence of the non-complying either designed or used for moving steam locomotive and the maximum other equipment. This includes a self- speed and other movement restrictions. propelled unit designed or used to carry freight and/or passenger traffic. In addition, a tag bearing the words Unstayed portion of the boiler. That ‘‘non-complying locomotive’’ shall be portion of the boiler designed to be securely attached to each defective self-supported in retaining internal steam locomotive and shall contain the pressure without additional strength following information: members such as staybolts, braces, di- (1) The steam locomotive number; agonal stays, tubes, etc. (2) The name of the inspecting entity; Wastage. A reduction in the thickness (3) The inspection location and date; of a mechanical component, such as a (4) The nature of the defect; pipe or sheet. (5) Movement restrictions, if any; (6) The destination; and § 230.9 Information collection. (7) The signature of the person making the determinations required by this (a) [Reserved] paragraph (b). (b) The information collection re- (c) Yard movements. A non-complying quirements are found in the following steam locomotive may be moved lite or sections: §§ 230.3, 230.12 through 230.21, dead within a yard at speeds not in ex- 230.33, 230.34, 230.41, 230.46, 230.47, 230.75, cess of 10 miles per hour without meet- 230.96, 230.98, and 230.116. ing the requirements of paragraph (b) § 230.10 [Reserved] of this section if the movement is sole- ly for the purpose of repair. The loco- GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS motive owner and/or operator is responsible for ensuring that the move- § 230.11 Repair of non-complying con- ment may be safely made. ditions. (d) Non-complying conditions developed The steam locomotive owner and/or en route. The locomotive owner and/or operator shall repair any steam loco- operator may continue in use a steam motive that fails to comply with the locomotive that develops a non-com- conditions of this part, and shall applying condition en route until the prove any such repairs made, before next daily inspection or the nearest placing the locomotive back into serv- forward point where the repairs nec- ice. essary to bring it into compliance can

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be made, whichever is earlier. Before the inspection, the signature of the em- continuing en route, the steam loco- ployee making the inspection, a de- motive owner and/or operator shall description of the non-complying condi- termine that it is safe to move the tions disclosed by the inspection, con- steam locomotive, determine the max- ditions found in non-compliance during imum speed and other restrictions nec- the day and repaired and the signature essary for safely conducting the move- of the person who repaired the non-con- ment, and notify in writing the engi- forming conditions. This report shall neer in charge of the defective steam be filed even if no non-complying con- locomotive and, if towed, the engineer ditions are detected. A competent indi- in charge of the towing steam loco- vidual shall sign the report, certifying motive consist, as well as all other that all non-complying conditions were crew members in the cabs, of the pres- repaired before the steam locomotive is ence of the non-complying steam loco- operated. This report shall be filed and motive and the maximum speed and retained for at least 92 days at the lo- other movement restrictions. cation designated by the steam loco- (e) Special notice for repair. Nothing in motive owner and/or operator. this section authorizes the movement of a steam locomotive subject to a Spe- § 230.14 Thirty-one (31) service day in- cial Notice for Repair unless the move- spection. ment is made in accordance with the (a) General. An individual competent restrictions contained in the Special to conduct the inspection shall perform Notice. the 31 service day inspection after the steam locomotive has accrued 31 serv- § 230.13 Daily inspection. ice days. This inspection shall consist (a) General. An individual competent of all 31 service day inspection items to conduct the inspection shall inspect and all daily inspection items. See ap- each steam locomotive and its tender pendix A of this part. Days in service each day that they are offered for use shall be counted, recorded and readily to determine that they are safe and available for inspection when requested suitable for service. The daily inspec- by an FRA inspector. tion shall be conducted to comply with (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional all sections of this part, and a daily in- Administrators or their delegate(s) spection report filed, by an individual may require a steam locomotive owner competent to conduct the inspection. or operator to provide FRA with time- See appendices A and B of this part. ly notification before performing a 31 (b) Pre-departure. At the beginning of service day inspection. If the Regional each day the steam locomotive is used, Administrator or their delegate indi- an individual competent to do so shall, cates their desire to be present for the together with the daily inspection re- 31 service day inspection, the steam lo- quired in paragraph (a) of this section, comotive owner and/or operator shall inspect the steam locomotive and its provide them a scheduled date and lo- tender and appurtenances to ensure cation for inspection. Once scheduled, that they are safe and suitable for serv- the inspection must be performed at ice, paying special attention to the fol- the time and place specified, unless the lowing items: Regional Administrator and the steam (1) Water glasses and gauge cocks; locomotive owner and/or operator mu- (2) Boiler feedwater delivery systems, tually agree to reschedule. If the Re- such as injectors and feedwater pumps; gional Administrator requests the in- and spection be performed on another date (3) Air compressors and governors, but the steam locomotive owner and/or and the air brake system. operator and the Regional Adminis- (c) Inspection reports. The results of trator are unable to agree on a date for the daily inspection shall be entered on rescheduling, the inspection may be an FRA Form No. 2 (See appendix C of performed as scheduled. this part) which shall contain, at a (c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 minimum, the name of the railroad, days of conducting the 31 service day the initials and number of the steam inspection, the steam locomotive locomotive, the place, date and time of owner and/or operator shall file, for

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each steam locomotive inspected, a re- the Regional Administrator or their port of inspection (FRA Form No. 1), in delegate indicates a desire to be the place where the steam locomotive present, the steam locomotive owner is maintained and with the FRA Re- and/or operator will provide a sched- gional Administrator for that region. uled date and location for the inspec- When the report of annual inspection tion. Once scheduled, the inspection (FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA must be performed at the time and Form No. 1 does not have to be filed place specified, unless the Regional Ad- until the next 31 service day inspec- ministrator and the steam locomotive tion. (See appendix B of this part.) owner and/or operator mutually agree to reschedule. If the Regional Adminis- § 230.15 Ninety-two (92) service day in- trator requests the inspection be per- spection. formed on another date but the steam (a) General. An individual competent locomotive owner and/or operator and to conduct the inspection shall perform the Regional Administrator are unable the 92 service day inspection after the to agree on a date for rescheduling, the steam locomotive has accrued 92 inspection may be performed as sched- ‘‘service-days.’’ This inspection shall uled. include all daily, all 31 service day, and (c) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 all 92 service day inspection items. See days of completing the annual inspec- appendix A of this part. Days in service tion, the steam locomotive owner and/ shall be counted, recorded, and readily available for inspection when requested or operator shall file, for each steam by an FRA inspector. locomotive inspected, a report of in- (b) Filing inspection reports. Within 10 spection (FRA Form No. 3), in the days of conducting the 92 service day place where the steam locomotive is inspection, the steam locomotive maintained and with the FRA Regional owner and/or operator shall file, for Administrator for that region. (See ap- each steam locomotive inspected, a re- pendix A of this part) port of inspection (FRA Form No. 1), in the place the locomotive is maintained § 230.17 One thousand four hundred seventy-two (1472) service day in- and with the FRA Regional Adminis- spection. trator for that region. When the report of annual inspection (a) General. Before any steam loco- (FRA Form No. 3), is filed, the FRA motive is initially put in service or Form No. 1 does not have to be filed brought out of retirement, and after until the next 92 service day inspec- every 1472 service days or 15 years, tion. (See appendix C of this part.) whichever is earlier, an individual competent to conduct the inspection § 230.16 Annual inspection. shall inspect the entire boiler. In the (a) General. (1) An individual com- case of a new locomotive or a loco- petent to conduct the inspection shall motive being brought out of retire- perform the annual inspection after 368 ment, the initial 15 year period shall calendar days have elapsed from the begin on the day that the locomotive is time of the previous annual inspection. placed in service or 365 calendar days This inspection shall include all daily, after the first flue tube is installed in all 31 service day, all 92 service day, the locomotive, whichever comes first. and all annual inspection items. (See This 1472 service day inspection shall appendix B of this part.) include all annual, and 5th annual, in- (2) Fifth annual inspection. An indi- spection requirements, as well as any vidual competent to do so shall per- items required by the steam loco- form a flexible staybolt and cap inspec- motive owner and/or operator or the tion in accordance with § 230.41 at each FRA inspector. At this time, the loco- fifth annual inspection. motive owner and/or operator shall (b) FRA notification. FRA Regional complete, update and verify the loco- Administrators shall be provided writ- motive specification card (FRA Form ten notice at least one month prior to No. 4), to reflect the condition of the an annual inspection and shall be af- boiler at the time of this inspection. forded an opportunity to be present. If See appendices A and B of this part.

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(b) Filing inspection reports. Within 30 the inspected boiler is put into service. days of completing the 1472 service day This FRA Form No. 1 will not be re- inspection, the steam locomotive quired for the first 31 service days fol- owner and/or operator shall, for each lowing an annual inspection and the steam locomotive inspected, file in the posting of an FRA Form No. 3. (See ap- place where the steam locomotive is pendix B of this part.) maintained and with the FRA Regional (b) FRA Form No. 3. In addition to the Administrator for that region a report FRA Form No. 1, the steam locomotive of inspection (FRA Form No. 3), and a owner and/or operator shall also main- completed FRA Form No.4. See appen- tain in the cab a current copy of FRA dix C of this part. Form No. 3 in the manner described in RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS paragraph (a) of this section. (See appendix C of this part.) § 230.18 Service days. § 230.20 Alteration and repair report (a) Service day record. For every for steam locomotive boilers. steam locomotive currently in service, the steam locomotive owner and/or op- (a) Alterations. When an alteration is erator shall have available, and be able made to a steam locomotive boiler, the to show an FRA inspector upon re- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- quest, a current copy of the service day ator shall file an alteration report record that contains the number of (FRA Form No. 19), detailing the service days the steam locomotive has changes to the locomotive with the accrued since the last 31, 92, Annual FRA Regional Administrator within 30 and 1472 service day inspections. days from the date the work was com- (b) Service day report. By the 31st of pleted. This form shall be attached to, every January, every steam locomotive and maintained with, the FRA Form owner and/or operator shall file a serv- No. 4 until such time as a new FRA ice day report, FRA Form No. 5, with Form No. 4 reflecting the alteration is the Regional Administrator accounting submitted to the Regional Adminis- for the days the steam locomotive was trator. Alteration reports shall be filed in service from January 1 through De- and maintained for the life of the boil- cember 31st of the preceding year. If er. (See appendix B of this part.) the steam locomotive was in service zero (0) days during that period, a re- (b) Welded and riveted repairs to port must still be filed to prevent the unstayed portions of the boiler. Whenever steam locomotive from being consid- welded or riveted repairs are performed ered retired by FRA. (See appendix B of on unstayed portions of a steam loco- this part.) motive boiler, the steam locomotive (c) Retirement where no service day re- owner and/or operator shall file with ports filed. Where the steam locomotive the FRA Regional Administrator, with- owner and/or operator does not file the in 30 days from the time the work was required service day report for a steam completed, a repair report, FRA Form locomotive, that steam locomotive No. 19, that details the work done to may be considered retired by FRA. The the steam locomotive. Repair reports steam locomotive owner and/or oper- shall be filed and maintained for the ator must complete all 1472 service day life of the boiler. (See appendix B of inspection items to return a retired this part.) steam locomotive to service. (c) Welded and riveted repairs to stayed portions of the boiler. Whenever welded § 230.19 Posting of FRA Form No. 1 and FRA Form No. 3. or riveted repairs are performed on stayed portions of a steam locomotive (a) FRA Form No. 1. The steam loco- boiler, the steam locomotive owner motive owner and/or operator shall and/or operator shall complete a repair place a copy of the 31 and 92 service report (FRA Form No. 19), detailing day inspection report (FRA Form No. the work done. Repair reports shall be 1), properly filled out, under transparent cover in a conspicuous place in maintained for the life of the boiler. the cab of the steam locomotive before (See appendix C of this part.)

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§ 230.21 Steam locomotive number the course, and the maximum allow- change. able stress value allowed. The steam When a steam locomotive number is locomotive operator shall not place the changed, the steam locomotive owner steam locomotive in service before en- and/or operator must reflect the suring that the steam locomotive’s safe change in the upper right-hand corner working pressure has been established. of all documentation related to the ALLOWABLE STRESS steam locomotive by showing the old and new numbers: § 230.24 Maximum allowable stress. Old No. 000 New No. XXX. (a) Maximum allowable stress value. The maximum allowable stress value § 230.22 Accident reports. on any component of a steam locomotive boiler shall not exceed 1⁄4 of the In the case of an accident due to fail- ultimate tensile strength of its mate- ure, from any cause, of a steam loco- rial. motive boiler or any part or appur- (b) Safety factor. When it is necessary tenance thereof, resulting in serious in- to use the code of original construction jury or death to one or more persons, in boiler calculations, the safety factor the railroad on whose line the accident value shall not be less than 4. occurred shall immediately make a telephone report of the accident by § 230.25 Maximum allowable stress on calling the National Response Center stays and braces. (toll free) at Area Code 800–424–0201. The maximum allowable stress per The report shall state the nature of the square inch of net cross sectional area accident, the number of persons killed on fire box and combustion chamber or seriously injured, the place at which stays shall be 7,500 psi. The maximum it occurred, and the location where the allowable stress per square inch of net steam locomotive may be inspected. cross sectional area on round, rectan- Confirmation of this report shall be im- gular, or gusset braces shall be 9,000 mediately mailed to the Associate Ad- psi. ministrator for Safety, Federal Rail- road Administration, Washington, DC STRENGTH OF MATERIALS 20590, and contain a detailed report of the accident, including, to the extent § 230.26 Tensile strength of shell known, the causes and a complete list plates. of the casualties. When the tensile strength of steel or wrought-iron shell plates is not known, Subpart B—Boilers and it shall be taken at 50,000 psi for steel Appurtenances and 45,000 psi for wrought iron. § 230.23 Responsibility for general con- § 230.27 Maximum shearing strength of struction and safe working pres- rivets. sure. The maximum shearing strength of The steam locomotive owner and op- rivets per square inch of cross sectional erator are responsible for the general area shall be taken as follows: design and construction of the steam locomotive boilers under their control. Pounds per The steam locomotive owner shall es- Rivets square tablish the safe working pressure for inch each steam locomotive boiler, after Iron Rivets in Single Shear ...... 38,000 giving full consideration to the general Iron Rivets in Double Shear ...... 76,000 design, workmanship, age, and overall Steel Rivets in Single Shear ...... 44,000 condition of the complete boiler unit. Steel Rivets in Double Shear ...... 88,000 The condition of the boiler unit shall be determined by, among other factors, § 230.28 Higher shearing strength of the minimum thickness of the shell rivets. plates, the lowest tensile strength of A higher shearing strength may be the plates, the efficiency of the longi- used for rivets when it can be shown tudinal joint, the inside diameter of through testing that the rivet material

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used is of such quality as to justify a provided in paragraph (b) of this sec- higher allowable shearing strength. tion, for the purpose of inspecting the entire interior of the boiler and its INSPECTION AND REPAIR bracing. After removing the flues, the steam locomotive owner and/or oper- § 230.29 Inspection and repair. ator shall enter the boiler to remove (a) Responsibility. The steam loco- scale from the interior and thoroughly motive owner and/or operator shall in- clean and inspect it. spect and repair all steam locomotive (b) NDE testing. If the boiler can be boilers and appurtenances under their thoroughly cleaned and inspected with- control. They shall immediately re- out removing the superheater flues, move from service any boiler that has and it can be shown through appro- developed cracks in the barrel. The priate NDE testing methods that they steam locomotive owner and/or oper- are safe and suitable for service, their ator shall also remove the boiler from removal may not be required at this service whenever either of them, or the time. Their removal may be required, FRA inspector, considers it necessary however, if the FRA inspector, or the due to other defects. steam locomotive owner and/or oper- (b) Repair standards. (1) All defects ator, considers it necessary due to disclosed by inspection shall be re- identifiable safety concerns. paired in accordance with accepted industry standards—which may include § 230.32 Time and method of inspec- established railroad practices, or NBIC tion. or API established standards—before (a) Time of inspection. The entire boil- the steam locomotive is returned to er shall completely be inspected at the service. The steam locomotive owner 1472 service day inspection. The jacket, and/or operator shall not return the lagging and any other components steam locomotive boiler or appur- interfering with the provision of in- tenances to service unless they are in spection access shall be removed at good condition and safe and suitable this time. Those portions of the boiler for service. that are exposed and able to be in- (2) Any welding to unstayed portions spected as required by the daily, of the boiler made pursuant to § 230.33 31service day, annual and fifth annual shall be made in accordance with an inspections shall be inspected at those accepted national standard for boiler times. The interior of the boiler also repairs. The steam locomotive owner shall be inspected at each annual in- and/or operator shall not return the spection, after the completion of any steam locomotive boiler or appur- hydrostatic test above MAWP, and tenances to service unless they are in whenever a sufficient number of flues good condition and safe and suitable are removed to allow examination. The for service. jacket, lagging and any other components shall also be removed to provide § 230.30 Lap-joint seam boilers. inspection access whenever the FRA Every boiler having lap-joint longitu- inspector, or the steam locomotive dinal seams without reinforcing plates owner and/or operator, considers it nec- shall have sufficient lagging, jack- essary due to identifiable safety con- eting, flues, and tubes removed at cerns. every annual inspection so that an in- (b) Method of inspection—(1) Entire spection of the entire joint, inside and boiler. During the 1472 service day in- out, can be made, taking special care spection, the entire boiler shall be ex- to detect grooving or cracks at the amined for cracks, pitting, grooving, or edges of the seams. indications of overheating and for damage where mud has collected, or heavy § 230.31 Flues to be removed. scale formed. The edges of plates, all (a) Inspection of the boiler interior. laps, seams, and points where cracks During the 1472 service day inspection, and defects are likely to develop, shall the steam locomotive owner and/or op- be thoroughly inspected. Rivets shall erator shall remove all flues of steam be inspected for corrosion and loose- locomotive boilers in service, except as ness.

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(2) Boiler interior. When inspecting (d) Flush patches. The steam loco- the boiler interior, it must be seen that motive owner and/or operator shall braces and stays are taut, that pins are submit a written request for approval properly secured in place, and that to the FRA Regional Administrator for each is in condition to support its pro- the installation of flush patches of any portion of the load. Washout plugs size on unstayed portions of the boiler. shall be removed for access and visual (e) Stayed portions of the boiler. The inspection of the water side of the fire- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- box sheets. Washout plug threads, ator shall perform welded repairs or al- sleeves and threaded openings shall be terations on stayed portions of the examined at this time. boiler in accordance with established (3) Boiler exterior. A thorough inspec- railroad practices, or an accepted na- tion shall be made of the entire exte- tional standard for boiler repairs. The rior of the boiler while under hydro- steam locomotive owner and/or oper- static pressure. ator shall satisfy the reporting require- § 230.33 Welded repairs and alter- ments in § 230.20 at this time. ations. § 230.34 Riveted repairs and alter- (a) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- ations. taining alloy steel or carbon steel with a (a) Alterations to unstayed portions of carbon content over 0.25 percent. Prior to the boiler. Prior to making riveted al- welding on unstayed portions of the terations on unstayed portions of the boiler, the steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall submit a written boiler, the steam locomotive owner request for approval to the FRA Re- and/or operator shall submit a written gional Administrator. If the approval is request for approval to the FRA Re- granted, the steam locomotive owner gional Administrator. If approval is and/or operator shall perform any weld- granted, the steam locomotive owner ing to unstayed portions of the boiler and/or operator shall perform any riv- in accordance with an accepted na- eting to unstayed portions of the boiler tional standard for boiler repairs. The in accordance with established railroad steam locomotive owner and/or oper- practices or an accepted national ator shall satisfy reporting require- standard for boiler repairs. The steam ments in § 230.20 at this time. locomotive owner and/or operator shall (b) Unstayed portions of the boiler con- satisfy reporting requirements in taining carbon steel not exceeding 0.25 § 230.20 at this time. percent carbon. The steam locomotive (b) Repairs to unstayed portions of the owner and/or operator shall perform boiler. The steam locomotive owner any welding to unstayed portions of and/or operator shall perform any riv- the boiler in accordance with an ac- eted repairs to unstayed portions of the cepted national standard for boiler re- boiler in accordance with established pairs. The steam locomotive owner railroad practices, or an accepted na- and/or operator shall satisfy reporting tional standard for boiler repairs. The requirements in § 230.20 at this time. steam locomotive owner and/or oper- (c) Wastage. The steam locomotive ator shall satisfy reporting require- owner and/or operator shall submit a ments in § 230.20 at this time. written request for approval to the (c) Repairs to stayed portions of the FRA Regional Administrator before boiler. The steam locomotive owner performing weld build up on wasted and/or operator shall perform riveted areas of unstayed surfaces of the boiler repairs or alterations on stayed por- that exceed a total of 100 square inches tions of the boiler in accordance with or the smaller of 25 percent of min- established railroad practices or an ac- imum required wall thickness or 1⁄2 cepted national standard for boiler re- inch. Wasted sheets shall not be repairs. The steam locomotive owner paired by weld build up if the wasted and/or operator shall satisfy reporting sheet has been reduced to less than 60 percent of the minimum required requirements in § 230.20 at this time. thickness as required by this part.

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PRESSURE TESTING OF BOILERS reduced section of the staybolt. Staybolts may have through telltale § 230.35 Pressure testing. holes. The temperature of the steam loco- (c) Telltale holes kept open. All telltale motive boiler shall be raised to at least holes, except as provided for in § 230.41, 70 deg. F any time hydrostatic pressure must be kept open at all times. is applied to the boiler. § 230.39 Broken staybolts. § 230.36 Hydrostatic testing of boilers. (a) Maximum allowable number of bro- (a) Time of test. The locomotive owner ken staybolts. No boiler shall be allowed and/or operator shall hydrostatically to remain in service with two broken test every boiler at the following staybolts located within 24 inches of times: each other, as measured inside the fire- (1) During the 1472 service day inspec- box or combustion chamber on a tion, and at every annual inspection straight line. No boiler shall be allowed thereafter; to remain in service with more than 4 (2) After making any alteration to broken staybolts inside the entire fire- the boiler; box and combustion chamber, com- (3) After installing a flush patch on bined. an unstayed portion of the boiler; and (b) Staybolt replacement. Broken (4) After any riveting on an unstayed staybolts must be replaced during the portion of the boiler. 31 service day inspection, if detected at (b) Method of testing. The metal tem- that time. Broken staybolts detected perature of the boiler shall be between in between 31 service day inspections 70 degrees Fahrenheit and 120 degrees must be replaced no later than 30 cal- Fahrenheit each time it is subjected to endar days from the time of detection. any hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic When staybolts 8 inches or less in testing required by these rules shall be length are replaced, they shall be re- conducted at 25 percent above the placed with bolts that have telltale MAWP. holes 3⁄16 inch to 7⁄32 inch in diameter (c) Internal inspection. An internal in- and at least 11⁄4 inches deep at each spection of the boiler shall be con- end, or that have telltale holes 3⁄16 inch ducted following any hydrostatic test to 7⁄32 inch in diameter their entire where the pressure exceeds MAWP. length. At the time of replacement of § 230.37 Steam test following repairs broken staybolts, adjacent staybolts or alterations. shall be inspected. Upon completion of any repair or al- (c) Assessment of broken staybolts. teration, the locomotive owner and/or Telltale holes leaking, plugged, or operator shall conduct a steam test of missing shall be counted as broken the boiler with steam pressure raised staybolts. to between 95 percent and 100 percent (d) Prohibited methods of closing telltale of the MAWP. At this time, the boiler holes. Welding, forging, or riveting bro- shall be inspected to ensure that it is ken staybolt ends is prohibited as a in a safe and suitable condition for method of closing telltale holes. service. § 230.40 Time and method of staybolt STAYBOLTS testing. (a) Time of hammer testing—(1) Gen- § 230.38 Telltale holes. eral. All staybolts shall be hammer (a) Staybolts less than 8 inches long. tested at every 31 service day inspec- All staybolts shorter than 8 inches, ex- tion, except as provided in paragraph cept flexible bolts, shall have telltale (a)(2) of this section. All staybolts also holes 3⁄16 inch to 7⁄32 inch diameter and shall be hammer tested under hydro- at least 11⁄4 inches deep in the outer static pressure any time hydrostatic end. pressure above the MAWP specified on (b) Reduced body staybolts. On reduced the boiler specification form (FRA body staybolts, the telltale hole shall Form No. 4), is applied to the boiler. extend beyond the fillet and into the (See appendix B of this part.)

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(2) Exception for inaccessible shall be reported on FRA Form No. 3. staybolts. The removal of brickwork or (See appendix B of this part.) grate bearers for the purpose of ham- (d) Testing at request of FRA inspector. mer testing staybolts during each 31 Staybolt caps also shall be removed, or service day inspection will not be re- any of the tests in this section made, quired if the staybolts behind these whenever the FRA inspector or the structural impediments have a telltale steam locomotive owner and/or oper- hole 3⁄16 inch to 7⁄32 inch in diameter ator considers it necessary due to iden- their entire length. Whenever the tifiable safety concerns about the con- brickwork or grate bearers are re- dition of staybolts, staybolt caps or moved for any other reason, however, staybolt sleeves. the bolts shall be inspected at that time. STEAM GAUGES (b) Method of hammer testing. If § 230.42 Location of gauges. staybolts are tested while the boiler contains water, the hydrostatic pres- Every boiler shall have at least one sure must be not less than 95 percent of steam gauge which will correctly indi- the MAWP. The steam locomotive cate the working pressure. The gauge owner and/or operator shall tap each shall be positioned so that it will be bolt with a hammer and determine bro- kept reasonably cool and can conven- ken bolts from the sound or the vibra- iently be read by the engine crew. tion of the sheet. Whenever staybolts are tested while the boiler is not under § 230.43 Gauge siphon. pressure, such as during the 31 service The steam gauge supply pipe shall day inspection, the staybolt test must have a siphon on it of ample capacity be made with all the water drained to prevent steam from entering the from the boiler. gauge. The supply pipe shall directly enter the boiler and be maintained § 230.41 Flexible staybolts with caps. steam tight. The supply pipe and its (a) General. Flexible staybolts with connections shall be cleaned each time caps shall have their caps removed dur- the gauge is tested. ing every 5th annual inspection for the purpose of inspecting the bolts for § 230.44 Time of testing. breakage, except as provided in para- Steam gauges shall be tested prior to graph (b) of this section. being installed or being reapplied, dur- (b) Drilled flexible staybolts. For flexi- ing the 92 service day inspection, and ble staybolts that have telltale holes whenever any irregularity is reported. between 3⁄16 inch and 7⁄32 inch in diameter, and which extend the entire length § 230.45 Method of testing. of the bolt and into the head not less Steam gauges shall be compared with than one third of the diameter of the an accurate test gauge or dead weight head, the steam locomotive owner and/ tester. While under test load at the or operator need not remove the MAWP of the boiler to which the gauge staybolt caps if it can be established, will be applied, the gauge shall be set by an electrical or other suitable meth- to read that pressure as accurately as od, that the telltale holes are open the physical limitations of the gauge their entire length. Any leakage from will allow. Under test the gauge shall these telltale holes during the hydro- read within the manufacturer’s toler- static test indicates that the bolt is ance at all points on the gauge up to 25 broken and must be replaced. Before percent above the allowed pressure. If the steam locomotive is placed in serv- the manufacturer’s tolerance is not ice, the inner ends of all telltale holes known, the gauge must read within 2 shall be closed with a fireproof porous percent full scale accuracy at all material that will keep the telltale points on the gauge up to 25 percent holes free of foreign matter and permit above allowed pressure. steam or water to exit the telltale hole when the bolt is broken or fractured. § 230.46 Badge plates. (c) Recordkeeping. The removal of A metal badge plate showing the al- flexible staybolt caps and other tests lowed steam pressure shall be attached

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to the boiler backhead in the cab. If construction and operation of the valve boiler backhead is lagged, the lagging being set. and jacket shall be cut away so that (b) Opening pressures. At least one the plate can be seen. safety relief valve shall be set to open at a pressure not exceeding the MAWP. § 230.47 Boiler number. Safety relief valves shall be set to open (a) Generally. The builder’s number of at pressures not exceeding 6 psi above the boiler, if known, shall be stamped the MAWP. on the steam dome or manhole flange. (c) Setting procedures. When setting If the builder’s number cannot be ob- safety relief valves, two steam gauges tained, an assigned number, which shall be used, one of which must be so shall be used in making out specifica- located that it will be in full view of tion cards, shall be stamped on the the persons engaged in setting such steam dome or manhole flange. valves; and if the pressure indicated by (b) Numbers after January 10, 1912. the gauges varies more than 3 psi they Numbers which are stamped after Jan- shall be removed from the boiler, test- uary 10, 1912 shall be located on the ed, and corrected before the safety re- front side of the steam dome or man- lief valves are set. Gauges shall in all hole flange at the upper edge of the cases be tested immediately before the vertical surface, oriented in a hori- safety relief valves are set or any zontal manner, and have figures at change made in the setting. When setting safety relief valves, the water least 3⁄8 inch high. level shall not be higher than 3⁄4 of the (c) Name of manufacturer or owner. length of the visible water glass, as The number shall be preceded by the measured from the bottom of the glass. name of the manufacturer if the origi- (d) Labeling of lowest set pressure. The nal number is known or the name of set pressure of the lowest safety relief the steam locomotive owner if a new valve shall be indicated on a tag or number is assigned. label attached to the steam gauge so SAFETY RELIEF VALVES that it may be clearly read while ob- serving the steam gauge. § 230.48 Number and capacity. § 230.50 Time of testing. (a) Number and capacity. Every boiler All safety relief valves shall be test- shall be equipped with at least two ed, and adjusted if necessary, under safety relief valves, suitable for the steam at every 92 service day inspec- service intended, that are capable of tion, and also whenever any irregu- preventing an accumulation of pressure larity is reported. greater than 6 percent above the MAWP under any conditions of service. WATER GLASSES AND GAUGE COCKS An FRA inspector may require verification of sufficient safety valve § 230.51 Number and location. relieving capacity. Every boiler shall be equipped with (b) Determination of capacity. Safety at least two water glasses. The lowest relief valve capacity may be deter- reading of the water glasses shall not mined by making an accumulation test be less than 3 inches above the highest with the fire in good, bright condition part of the crown sheet. If gauge cocks and all steam outlets closed. Addi- are used, the reading of the lowest tional safety relief valve capacity shall gauge cock shall not be less than 3 be provided if the safety relief valves inches above the highest part of the allow an excess pressure of more than 6 crown sheet. percent above the MAWP during this test. § 230.52 Water glass valves. All water glasses shall be equipped § 230.49 Setting of safety relief valves. with no more than two valves capable (a) Qualifications of individual who ad- of isolating the water glass from the justs. Safety relief valves shall be set boiler. They shall also be equipped with and adjusted by a competent person a drain valve capable of evacuating the who is thoroughly familiar with the glass when it is so isolated.

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§ 230.53 Time of cleaning. livering water to the boiler, at least The spindles of all water glass valves one of which is a live steam injector. and of all gauge cocks shall be removed (b) Maintenance and testing. Injectors and valves and cocks thoroughly and feedwater pumps must be kept in cleaned of scale and sediment at every good condition, free from scale, and 31 service day inspection, and when must be tested at the beginning of each testing indicates that the apparatus day the locomotive is used, and as may be malfunctioning. In addition, often as conditions require, to ensure the top and bottom passages of the that they are delivering water to the water column shall be cleaned and in- boiler. Boiler checks, delivery pipes, spected at each annual inspection. feed water pipes, tank hose and tank valves must be kept in good condition, § 230.54 Testing and maintenance. free from leaks and from foreign sub- (a) Testing. All water glasses must be stances that would obstruct the flow of blown out, all gauge cocks must be water. tested, and all passages verified to be (c) Bracing. Injectors, feedwater open at the beginning of each day the pumps, and all associated piping shall locomotive is used, and as often as nec- be securely braced so as to minimize essary to ensure proper functioning. vibration. (b) Maintenance. Gauge cocks, water § 230.58 Flue plugs. column drain valves, and water glass valves must be maintained in such con- (a) When plugging is permitted. Flues dition that they can easily be opened greater than 21⁄4 inches in outside di- and closed by hand, without the aid of ameter (OD) shall not be plugged. Flues a wrench or other tool. 21⁄4 inches in outside diameter (OD) or smaller may be plugged following fail- § 230.55 Tubular type water and lubri- ure, provided only one flue is plugged cator glasses and shields. at any one time. Plugs must be re- (a) Water glasses. Tubular type water moved and proper repairs made no glasses shall be renewed at each 92 later than 30 days from the time the service day inspection. plug is applied. (b) Shields. All tubular water glasses (b) Method of plugging. When used, and lubricator glasses must be flue plugs must be made of steel. The equipped with a safe and suitable shield flue must be plugged at both ends. which will prevent the glass from fly- Plugs must be tied together by means ing in case of breakage. This shield of a steel rod not less than 5⁄8 inch in shall be properly maintained. diameter. (c) Location and maintenance. Water glasses and water glass shields shall be FUSIBLE PLUGS so located, constructed, and maintained that the engine crew can at all § 230.59 Fusible plugs. times have an unobstructed view of the If boilers are equipped with fusible water in the glass from their proper po- plugs, the plugs shall be removed and sitions in the cab. cleaned of scale each time the boiler is washed but not less frequently than § 230.56 Water glass lamps. during every 31 service day inspection. All water glasses must be supplied Their removal shall be noted on the with a suitable lamp properly located FRA Form No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. to enable the engine crew to easily see (See appendix B of this part.) the water in the glass. WASHING BOILERS INJECTORS, FEEDWATER PUMPS, AND FLUE PLUGS § 230.60 Time of washing. (a) Frequency of washing. All boilers § 230.57 Injectors and feedwater shall thoroughly be washed as often as pumps. the water conditions require, but not (a) Water delivery systems required. less frequently than at each 31 service Each steam locomotive must be day inspection. The date of the boiler equipped with at least two means of de- wash shall be noted on the FRA Form

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No. 1 or FRA Form No. 3. (See appendix § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and B of this part.) pressure parts. (b) Plug removal. All washout plugs, The smoke box, steam pipes and pres- arch tube plugs, thermic siphon plugs, sure parts shall be inspected at each circulator plugs and water bar plugs annual inspection, or any other time must be removed whenever locomotive that conditions warrant. The indi- boilers are washed. vidual conducting the inspection must (c) Plug maintenance. All washout enter the smoke box to conduct the in- plugs, washout plug sleeves and thread- spection, looking for signs of leaks ed openings shall be maintained in a from any of the pressure parts therein safe and suitable condition for service and examining all draft appliances. and shall be examined for defects each time the plugs are removed. STEAM LEAKS (d) Fusible plugs cleaned. Fusible § 230.64 Leaks under lagging. plugs shall be cleaned in accordance with § 230.59. The steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall take out of service at § 230.61 Arch tubes, water bar tubes, once any boiler that has developed a circulators and thermic siphons. leak under the lagging due to a crack in the shell, or to any other condition (a) Frequency of cleaning. Each time which may reduce safety. Pursuant to the boiler is washed, arch tubes and § 230.29, the boiler must be repaired be- water bar tubes shall thoroughly be fore being returned to service. cleaned mechanically, washed, and inspected. Circulators and thermic si- § 230.65 Steam blocking view of engine phons shall thoroughly be cleaned, crew. washed and inspected. The steam locomotive owner and/or (b) Defects. Arch tubes and water bar operator shall keep the boiler, and its tubes found blistered, bulged, or other- piping and appurtenances, in such re- wise defective shall be renewed. pair that they do not emit steam in a Circulators and thermic siphons found manner that obscures the engine crew’s blistered, bulged or otherwise defective vision. shall be either repaired or renewed. (c) Method of examination. Arch tubes, Subpart C—Steam Locomotives water bar tubes and circulators shall and Tenders be examined using an appropriate NDE method that accurately measures wall § 230.66 Design, construction, and thickness at each annual inspection. maintenance. All arch brick shall be removed for this The steam locomotive owner and op- inspection. If any are found with wall erator are responsible for the general thickness reduced below that required design, construction and maintenance to render them safe and suitable for of the steam locomotives and tenders the service intended at the MAWP under their control. specified on the boiler specification FRA Form No. 4, they must be replaced § 230.67 Responsibility for inspection or repaired. (See appendix B of this and repairs. part.) The steam locomotive owner and/or operator shall inspect and repair all STEAM PIPES steam locomotives and tenders under their control. All defects disclosed by § 230.62 Dry pipe. any inspection shall be repaired in ac- Dry pipes subject to pressure shall be cordance with accepted industry stand- examined at each annual inspection to ards, which may include established measure wall thickness. Dry pipes with railroad practices, before the steam lo- wall thickness reduced below that re- comotive or tender is returned to serv- quired to render the pipe suitable for ice. The steam locomotive owner and/ the service intended at the MAWP or operator shall not return the steam must be replaced or repaired. locomotive or tender to service unless

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they are in good condition and safe and (2) The air compressor or compres- suitable for service. sors are in condition to provide an ample supply of air for the locomotive SPEED INDICATORS service intended; § 230.68 Speed indicators. (3) The devices for regulating all pressures are properly performing their Steam locomotives that operate at functions; speeds in excess of 20 miles per hour over the general system of railroad (4) The brake valves work properly in transportation shall be equipped with all positions; and speed indicators. Where equipped, (5) The water has been drained from speed indicators shall be maintained to the air-brake system. ensure accurate functioning. (b) Brake pipe valve required. Each steam locomotive shall have a brake ASH PANS pipe valve attached to the front of the tender, the rear of the back cab wall, § 230.69 Ash pans. or adjacent to the exit of a vestibuled Ash pans shall be securely supported cab. The words ‘‘Emergency Brake from mud-rings or frames with no part Valve’’ shall be clearly displayed near 1 less than 2 ⁄2 inches above the rail. the valve. Their operating mechanism shall be so arranged that they may be safely oper- § 230.71 Orifice testing of compressors. ated and securely closed. (a) Frequency of testing. The com- BRAKE AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT pressor or compressors shall be tested for capacity by orifice test as often as § 230.70 Safe condition. conditions may require, but not less (a) Pre-departure inspection. At the be- frequently than once every 92 service ginning of each day the locomotive is days. used, the steam locomotive operator (b) Orifice testing criteria. (1) Compres- shall ensure that: sors in common use, as listed in the (1) The brakes on the steam loco- following table, shall have orifice test motive and tender are in safe and suit- criteria as follows: able condition for service;

Diameter of Air pressure Make Compressor size Single strokes orifice maintained per minute (in inches) (in pounds)

Westinghouse ...... 91⁄2 ...... 120 11⁄64 60 Westinghouse ...... 11 ...... 100 3⁄16 60 Westinghouse ...... 150 CFM 81⁄2 CC ...... 100 9⁄32 60 Westinghouse ...... 120 CFM 81⁄2 ...... 100 15⁄64 60 New York ...... 2a ...... 120 5⁄32 60 New York ...... 6a ...... 100 13⁄64 60 New York ...... 5b ...... 100 15⁄64 60

NOTE: This table shall be used for altitudes to and including 1,000 feet. For altitudes over 1,000 feet the speed of compressor may be increased 5 single strokes per minute for each 1,000 feet increase in altitude.

(2) For compressors not listed in the with the frame, shall be hammer and table in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, hydrostatically tested during each an- the air pressure to be maintained shall nual inspection. The reservoir shall be be no less than 80 percent of the manu- hammer tested while empty and with facturer’s rated capacity for the com- no pressure applied. If no defective pressor. areas are detected, a hydrostatic test of MAWP shall be applied. § 230.72 Testing main reservoirs. (b) Drilling of main reservoirs. (1) Only welded main reservoir originally con- (a) Hammer and hydrostatic testing. structed to withstand at least five Except as described in paragraphs (b) times the MAWP may be drilled over through (d) of this section, every main its entire surface with telltale holes reservoir, except those cast integrally that are 3⁄16 of an inch in diameter. The

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holes shall be spaced not more than 12 addition to, the hammer test and hy- inches apart, measured both longitu- drostatic test. The spacing of the sam- dinally and circumferentially, and pling points for wall thickness shall drilled from the outer surface to an ex- not be greater than 12 inches longitu- treme depth determined by the fol- dinally and circumferentially. Par- lowing formula: ticular care shall be taken to measure D = (.6PR/(S¥.6P)) along the longitudinal seam on both plates at an interval of no more than 6 Where: inches longitudinally. The reservoir D = Extreme depth of telltale holes in inches shall be withdrawn permanently from but in no case less than one-sixteenth service where NDE testing reveals wall inch; thickness less than the value deter- P = certified working pressure in psi; mined by the following formula: S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile strength of the material in psi; and t = (PR/(0.5S¥0.6P)) R = inside radius of the reservoir in inches. Where: (2) One row of holes shall be drilled t = Minimum value for wall thickness; lengthwise of the reservoir on a line P = Certified working pressure in psi; intersecting the drain opening. When S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile main reservoirs are drilled as described strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the psi if the tensile strength of steel is un- hydrostatic and hammer tests de- known; and scribed in paragraph (a) of this section R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. are not required during the annual in- (2) Repairs of reservoirs with reduced spection. Whenever any telltale hole wall thickness are prohibited. shall have penetrated the interior of any reservoir, the reservoir shall be § 230.73 Air gauges. permanently withdrawn from service. (a) Location. Air gauges shall be so lo- (c) Welded main reservoirs without lon- cated that they may be conveniently gitudinal lap seams. For welded main read by the engineer from his or her reservoirs that do not have longitu- usual position in the cab. No air gauge dinal lap seams, an appropriate NDE may be more than 3 psi in error. method that can measure the wall (b) Frequency of testing. Air gauges thickness of the reservoir may be used shall be tested prior to reapplication instead of the hammer test and hydro- following removal, as well as during static test required in paragraph (a) of the 92 service day inspection and when- this section. The spacing of the sam- ever any irregularity is reported. pling points for wall thickness shall (c) Method of testing. Air gauges shall not be greater than 12 inches longitu- be tested using an accurate test gauge dinally and circumferentially. The res- or dead weight tester designed for this ervoir shall permanently be withdrawn purpose. from service where the NDE testing reveals wall thickness less than the value § 230.74 Time of cleaning. determined by the following formula: All valves in the air brake system, t = (PR/(S¥.6P) including related dirt collectors and Where: filters, shall be cleaned and tested in t = Minimum value for wall thickness; accordance with accepted brake equip- P = Certified working pressure in psi; ment manufacturer’s specifications, or S = 1⁄5 of the minimum specified tensile as often as conditions require to main- strength of the material in psi, or 10,000 tain them in a safe and suitable condi- psi if the tensile strength is unknown; tion for service, but not less frequently and than after 368 service days or during R = Inside radius of the reservoir in inches. the second annual inspection, which- (d) Welded or riveted longitudinal lap ever occurs first. seam main reservoirs. (1) For welded or riveted longitudinal lap seam main res- § 230.75 Stenciling dates of tests and ervoirs, an appropriate NDE method cleaning. that can measure wall thickness of the The date of testing and cleaning and reservoir shall be used instead of, or in the initials of the shop or station at

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which the work is done, shall legibly be (c) Brake pipes. Steam locomotive stenciled in a conspicuous place on the brake pipe leakage shall be tested at tested parts or placed on a card dis- the beginning of each day the loco- played under a transparent cover in the motive is used, and shall not exceed 5 cab of the steam locomotive. psi per minute.

§ 230.76 Piston travel. § 230.79 Train signal system. (a) Minimum piston travel. The min- Where utilized, the train signal sys- imum piston travel shall be sufficient tem, or any other form of on-board to provide proper brake shoe clearance communication, shall be tested and when the brakes are released. known to be in safe and suitable condi- (b) Maximum piston travel. The max- tion for service at the beginning of imum piston travel when steam loco- each day the locomotive is used. motive is standing shall be as follows: CABS, WARNING SIGNALS, SANDERS AND Maximum IGHTS Type of wheel brake piston travel L (in inches) § 230.80 Cabs. Cam Type Driving Wheel Brake ...... 31⁄2 Other forms of Driving Wheel Brake ...... 6 (a) General provisions. Cabs shall be Engine Truck Brake ...... 8 securely attached or braced and main- Tender Brake ...... 9 tained in a safe and suitable condition for service. Cab windows of steam loco- § 230.77 Foundation brake gear. motives shall provide an undistorted (a) Maintenance. Foundation brake view of the track and signals for the gear shall be maintained in a safe and crew from their normal position in the suitable condition for service. Levers, cab. Cab floors shall be kept free of rods, brake beams, hangers, and pins tripping or slipping hazards. The cab shall be of ample strength, and shall climate shall be maintained to provide not be fouled in any way which will af- an environment that does not unrea- fect the proper operation of the brake. sonably interfere with the engine All pins shall be properly secured in crew’s performance of their duties place with cotter pine, split keys, or under ordinary conditions of service. nuts. Brake shoes must be properly ap- (b) Steam pipes. Steam pipes shall not plied and kept approximately in line be fastened to the cab. New construc- with the tread of the wheel. tion or renewals made of iron or steel (b) Distance above the rails. No part of pipe greater than 1⁄8 inch NPS that are the foundation brake gear of the steam subject to boiler pressure in cabs shall locomotive or tender shall be less than have a minimum wall thickness equiv- 21⁄2 inches above the rails. alent to schedule 80 pipe, with properly rated valves and fittings. Live steam § 230.78 Leakage. heating radiators must not be fastened (a) Main reservoirs and related piping. to the cab. Exhaust steam radiators Leakage from main reservoir and re- may be fastened to the cab. lated piping shall be tested at every 92 (c) Oil-burning steam locomotives. If service day inspection and shall not ex- the cab is enclosed, oil burning steam ceed an average of 3 psi per minute in locomotives that take air for combus- a test of 3 minutes duration that is tion through the fire-door opening made after the pressure has been re- shall have a suitable conduit extending duced to 60 percent of the maximum from the fire-door to the outside of the operating pressure. cab. (b) Brake cylinders. Leakage from brake cylinders shall be tested at every § 230.81 Cab aprons. 92 service day inspection. With a full (a) General provisions. Cab aprons service application from maximum shall be of proper length and width to brake pipe pressure, and with commu- ensure safety. Cab aprons shall be se- nication to the brake cylinders closed, curely hinged, maintained in a safe and the brakes on the steam locomotive suitable condition for service, and and tender must remain applied for a roughened, or other provision made, to minimum of 5 minutes. afford secure footing.

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(b) Width of apron. The cab apron (b) Method of measurement. Measure- shall be of a sufficient width to pre- ment of the sound level shall be made vent, when the drawbar is disconnected using a sound level meter conforming, and the safety chains or the safety bars at a minimum, to the requirements of are taut, the apron from dropping be- ANSI S1.4–1971, Type 2, and set to an A- tween the steam locomotive and ten- weighted slow response. While the der. steam locomotive is on level, tangent track, the microphone shall be posi- § 230.82 Fire doors. tioned 4 feet above the ground at the (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- center line of the track and shall be comotive shall have a fire door which oriented with respect to the sound shall latch securely when closed and source in accordance with the micro- which shall be maintained in a safe and phone manufacturer’s recommenda- suitable condition for service. Fire tions. doors on all oil-burning locomotives shall be latched securely with a pin or § 230.86 Required illumination. key. (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- (b) Mechanically operated fire doors. comotive used between sunset and sun- Mechanically operated fire doors shall rise shall be equipped with an operable be so constructed and maintained that headlight that provides illumination they may be operated by pressure of sufficient for a steam locomotive engi- the foot on a pedal, or other suitable neer in the cab to see, in a clear atmos- appliance, located on the floor of the phere, a dark object as large as a man cab or tender at a suitable distance of average size standing at least 800 from the fire door, so that they may be feet ahead and in front of such head- conveniently operated by the person light. If a steam locomotive is regu- firing the steam locomotive. larly required to run backward for any (c) Hand-operated doors. Hand oper- portion of its trip other than to pick up ated fire doors shall be so constructed a detached portion of its train or to and maintained that they may be con- make terminal movements, it shall veniently operated by the person firing also be equipped on its rear end with an the steam locomotive. operable headlight that is capable of providing the illumination described in § 230.83 Cylinder cocks. this paragraph (a). Each steam locomotive shall be (b) Dimming device. Such headlights equipped with cylinder cocks which can shall be provided with a device whereby be operated from the cab of the steam the light from same may be diminished locomotive. All cylinder cocks shall be in yards and at stations or when meet- maintained in a safe and suitable con- ing trains. dition for service. (c) Where multiple locomotives utilized. When two or more locomotives are § 230.84 Sanders. used in the same train, the leading lo- Steam locomotives shall be equipped comotive only will be required to dis- with operable sanders that deposit sand play a headlight. on the rail head in front of a set of driving wheels. Sanders shall be tested § 230.87 Cab lights. at the beginning of each day the loco- Each steam locomotive shall have motive is used. cab lights that sufficiently illuminate the control instruments, meters and § 230.85 Audible warning device. gauges to allow the engine crew to (a) General provisions. Each steam lo- make accurate readings from their comotive shall be equipped with an au- usual and proper positions in the cab. dible warning device that produces a These lights shall be so located and minimum sound level of 96db(A) at 100 constructed that the light will shine feet in front of the steam locomotive in only on those parts requiring illumina- its direction of travel. The device shall tion and does not interfere with the en- be arranged so that it may conven- gine crew’s vision of the track and sig- iently be operated by the engineer from nals. Each steam locomotive shall also his or her normal position in the cab. have a conveniently located additional

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lamp that can be readily turned on and and suitable condition for service. The off by the persons operating the steam pins and drawbar shall be removed and locomotive and that provides sufficient tested for defects using an appropriate illumination to read train orders and NDE method at every annual inspec- timetables. tion. Where visual inspection does not disclose any defects, an additional NDE THROTTLES AND REVERSING GEAR testing method shall be employed. § 230.88 Throttles. Suitable means for securing the drawbar pins in place shall be provided. In- Throttles shall be maintained in safe verted drawbar pins shall be held in and suitable condition for service, and place by plate or stirrup. efficient means shall be provided to hold the throttle lever in any desired (b) Safety bars and chains generally. position. One or more safety bar(s) or two or more safety chains shall be provided § 230.89 Reverse gear. between the steam locomotive and ten- (a) General provisions. Reverse gear, der. The combined strength of the safe- reverse levers, and quadrants shall be ty chains or safety bar(s) and their fas- maintained in a safe and suitable con- tenings shall be not less than 50 per- dition for service. Reverse lever latch cent of the strength of the drawbar and shall be so arranged that it can be eas- its connections. These shall be main- ily disengaged, and provided with a tained in safe and suitable condition spring which will keep it firmly seated for service, and inspected at the same in quadrant. Proper counterbalance time draw gear is inspected. shall be provided for the valve gear. (c) Minimum length of safety chains or (b) Air-operated power reverse gear. bars. Safety chains or safety bar(s) Steam locomotives that are equipped shall be of the minimum length con- with air operated power reverse gear sistent with the curvature of the rail- shall be equipped with a connection road on which the steam locomotive is whereby such gear may be operated by operated. steam or by an auxiliary supply of air (d) Lost motion. Lost motion between in case of failure of the main reservoir steam locomotives and tenders not air pressure. The operating valve han- equipped with spring buffers shall be dle for such connection shall be con- kept to a minimum and shall not ex- veniently located in the cab of the lo- ceed 1⁄2 inch. comotive and shall be plainly marked. (e) When spring buffers If an independent air reservoir is used Spring buffers. as the source of the auxiliary supply are used between steam locomotives for the reverse gear, it shall be pro- and tenders the spring shall be applied vided with means to automatically pre- with not less than 3⁄4 inch compression, vent loss of pressure in event of failure and shall at all times be under suffi- of the main reservoir air pressure. cient compression to keep the chafing (c) Power reverse gear reservoirs. Power faces in contact. reverse gear reservoirs, if provided, must be equipped with the means to § 230.91 Chafing irons. automatically prevent the loss of pres- Chafing irons that permit proper sure in the event of a failure of main curving shall be securely attached to air pressure and have storage capacity the steam locomotive and tender, and for not less than one complete oper- shall be maintained to permit lateral ating cycle of control equipment. and vertical movement.

DRAW GEAR AND DRAFT SYSTEMS § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. § 230.90 Draw gear between steam lo- Couplers, draft gear and attachments comotive and tender. on steam locomotives and tenders shall (a) Maintenance and testing. The draw be securely fastened, and maintained in gear between the steam locomotive and safe and suitable condition for service. tender, together with the pins and fas- tenings, shall be maintained in safe

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DRIVING GEAR (f) Main rod bearings. The bore of main rod bearings shall not exceed pin § 230.93 Pistons and piston rods. diameters more than 3⁄32 inch at front (a) Maintenance and testing. Pistons or back end. The total lost motion at and piston rods shall be maintained in both ends shall not exceed 5⁄32 inch. safe and suitable condition for service. (g) Side rod bearings. The bore of side Piston rods shall be inspected for rod bearings shall not exceed pin diam- cracks each time they are removed, eters more than 5⁄32 inch on main pin and shall be renewed if found defective. nor more than 3⁄16 inch on other pins. (b) Fasteners. Fasteners (keys, nuts, etc.) shall be kept tight and shall have § 230.97 Crank pins. some means to prevent them from loos- ening or falling out of place. (a) General provisions. Crank pins shall be securely applied. Securing the § 230.94 Crossheads. fit of a loose crank pin by shimming, Crossheads shall be maintained in a prick punching, or welding is not per- safe and suitable condition for service, mitted. with not more than 1⁄4 inch vertical or (b) Maintenance. Crank pin collars 5⁄16 inch lateral clearance between and collar fasteners shall be main- crossheads and guides. tained in a safe and suitable condition for service. § 230.95 Guides. Guides shall be securely fastened and RUNNING GEAR maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. § 230.98 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles. § 230.96 Main, side, and valve motion (a) Condemning defects. Driving, trail- rods. ing, and engine truck axles with any of (a) General. Main, side or valve mo- the following defects shall be removed tion rods developing cracks or becom- from service immediately and repaired ing otherwise defective shall be re- (see appendix A of this part for inspec- moved from service immediately and tion requirements): repaired or renewed. (1) Bent axle; (b) Repairs. Repairs, and welding of (2) Cut journals that cannot be made main, side or valve motion rods shall to run cool without turning; be made in accordance with an accepted national standard. The steam loco- (3) Transverse seams in iron or steel motive owner and/or operator shall axles; submit a written request for approval (4) Seams in axles causing journals to to the FRA Regional Administrator run hot; prior to welding defective main rods, (5) Axles that are unsafe on account side rods, and valve gear components. of usage, accident or derailment; (c) Bearings and bushings. Bearings (6) Any axle worn 1⁄2 inch or more in and bushings shall so fit the rods as to diameter below the original/new jour- be in a safe and suitable condition for nal diameter, except as provided in service, and means shall be provided to paragraph (a)(7) of this section; prevent bushings from turning in the (7) Any driving axles other than main rod. Straps shall fit and be securely driving axles with an original or new bolted to rods. Floating bushings need diameter greater than 6 inches that are not be provided with means to prevent worn 3⁄4 inch or more in diameter below bushings from turning. the original/new diameter. (d) Side motion of rods. The total amount of side motion of each rod on (b) Journal diameter stamped. For steam locomotives with plain bearings, its crank pin shall not exceed 1⁄4 inch. (e) Oil and grease cups. Oil and grease the original/new journal diameter shall cups shall be securely attached to rods, be stamped on one end of the axle no and grease cup plugs shall be equipped later than January 18, 2005. with a suitable fastening that will prevent them from being ejected.

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§ 230.99 Tender truck axles. The minimum diameters of axles for various axle loads shall be as follows:

Minimum Minimum Minimum diameter of diameter of diameter of Axle load (in pounds) journal wheel seat center (in inches) (in inches) (in inches)

50000 ...... 51⁄2 73⁄8 67⁄16 38000 ...... 5 63⁄4 57⁄8 31000 ...... 41⁄2 61⁄4 55⁄16 22000 ...... 33⁄4 543⁄8 15000 ...... 31⁄4 45⁄8 37⁄8

§ 230.100 Defects in tender truck axles (b) Broken bearings. Broken bearings and journals. shall be renewed. (a) Tender truck axle condemning de- (c) Loose bearings. Loose bearings fects. Tender truck axles with any of shall be repaired or renewed. the following defects shall be removed § 230.102 Tender plain bearing journal from service immediately and repaired: boxes. (1) Axles that are bent; Plain bearing journal boxes with the (2) Collars that are broken, cracked, following defects shall be removed or worn to 1⁄4 inch or less in thickness; from service immediately and repaired: (3) Truck axles that are unsafe on ac- (a) A box that does not contain visi- count of usage, accident, or derail- ble free oil; ment; (b) A box lid that is missing, broken, (4) A fillet in the back shoulder that or open except to receive servicing; is worn out; or (c) A box containing foreign matter, (5) A gouge between the wheel seats 1 such as dirt, sand, or coal dust that can that is more than ⁄8 of an inch in reasonably be expected to damage the depth. bearing; or have a detrimental effect (b) Tender truck journal condemning on the lubrication of the journal and defects. Tender truck journals with any bearing; of the following defects shall be re- (d) A lubricating pad that: moved from service immediately and (1) Is missing; repaired : (2) Is not in contact with the journal; (1) Cut journals that cannot be made (3) Has a tear extending half the to run cool without turning; length or width of the pad, or more, ex- (2) Seams in axles causing journals to cept by design; run hot; (4) Shows evidence of having been (3) Overheating, as evidenced by pro- scorched, burned, or glazed; nounced blue black discoloration; (5) Contains decaying or deteriorated (4) Transverse seams in journals of fabric that impairs proper lubrication iron or steel axles; or of the pad; (5) Journal surfaces having any of the (6) Has an exposed center core (except following: by design); or (i) A circumferential score; (7) Has metal parts contacting the (ii) Corrugation; journal; (iii) Pitting; (e) A plain bearing that: (iv) Rust; (1) Is missing, cracked, broken; (v) Etching. (2) Has a bearing liner loose; (3) Has a broken out piece; or § 230.101 Steam locomotive driving (4) Has indications of having been journal boxes. overheated, as evidenced by: (a) Driving journal boxes. Driving jour- (i) Melted babbitt: nal boxes shall be maintained in a safe (ii) Smoke from hot oil; or and suitable condition for service. Not (iii) Journal surface damage; or more than one shim may be used be- (f) A plain bearing wedge that: tween the box and bearing. (1) Is missing, cracked or broken; or

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(2) Is not located in its design posi- § 230.107 Tender frame and body. tion. (a) Maintenance. Tender frames shall be maintained in a safe and suitable § 230.103 Tender roller bearing journal boxes. condition for service. (b) Height difference. The difference in Tender roller bearing journal boxes height between the deck on the tender shall be maintained in a safe and suit- and the cab floor or deck on the steam able condition. locomotive shall not exceed 11⁄2 inches. (c) Gangway minimum width. The min- § 230.104 Driving box shoes and imum width of the gangway between wedges. steam locomotive and tender, while Driving box shoes and wedges shall standing on tangent track, shall be 16 be maintained in a safe and suitable inches. condition for service. (d) Tender frame condemning defects. A tender frame with any of the following § 230.105 Lateral motion. defects shall be removed from service (a) Condemning limits. The total lat- immediately and repaired: eral motion or play between the hubs (1) Portions of the tender frame or of the wheels and the boxes on any pair body (except wheels) that have less of wheels shall not exceed the following than a 21⁄2 inches clearance from the limits: top of rail; (2) Tender center sill that is broken, Inches cracked more than 6 inches, or permanently bent or buckled more than 21⁄2 Engine truck wheels (with swing centers) ...... 1 Engine truck wheels (with rigid centers) ...... 11⁄2 inches in any six foot length; Trailing truck wheels ...... 1 (3) Tender coupler carrier that is bro- Driving wheels ...... 3⁄4 ken or missing; (4) Tender center plate, any portion (b) Limits increased. These limits may of which is missing or broken or that is be increased on steam locomotives op- not properly secured; or erating on track where the curvature (5) Tender that has a broken side sill, exceeds 20 degrees when it can be crossbearer, or body bolster. shown that conditions require additional lateral motion. § 230.108 Steam locomotive leading (c) Non-interference with other parts. and trailing trucks. The lateral motion shall in all cases be (a) Maintenance. Trucks shall be kept within such limits that the driv- maintained in safe and suitable condi- ing wheels, rods, or crank pins will not tion for service. Center plates shall fit interfere with other parts of the steam properly, and the male center plate locomotive. shall extend into the female center plate not less than 3⁄4 inch. All cen- TRUCKS, FRAMES AND EQUALIZING tering devices shall be properly main- SYSTEM tained and shall not permit lost motion in excess of 1⁄2 inch. § 230.106 Steam locomotive frame. (b) Safety chain required. A suitable (a) Maintenance and inspection. safety chain shall be provided at each Frames, decks, plates, tailpieces, ped- front corner of all four wheel engine estals, and braces shall be maintained trucks. in a safe and suitable condition for (c) Clearance required. All parts of service, and shall be cleaned and thor- trucks shall have sufficient clearance oughly inspected as often as necessary to prevent them from interfering with to maintain in a safe and suitable con- any other part of the steam loco- dition for service with cleaning inter- motive. vals, in any case, not to exceed every 1472 service days. § 230.109 Tender trucks. (b) Broken frames. Broken frames (a) Tender truck frames. A tender properly patched or secured by clamps truck frame shall not be broken, or or other suitable means which restores have a crack in a stress area that af- the rigidity of the frame are permitted. fects its structural integrity. Tender

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truck center plates shall be securely § 230.110 Pilots. fastened, maintained in a safe and suit- (a) General provisions. Pilots shall be able condition for service, and provided securely attached, properly braced, and with a center pin properly secured. The maintained in a safe and suitable con- male center plate must extend into the dition for service. 3 female center plate at least ⁄4 inch. (b) Minimum and maximum clearance. Shims may be used between truck cen- The minimum clearance of pilot above ter plates. the rail shall be 3 inches and the max- (b) Tender truck bolsters. Truck bol- imum clearance shall be 6 inches meas- sters shall be maintained approxi- ured on tangent level track. mately level. (c) Condemning defects for springs or § 230.111 Spring rigging. spring rigging. Springs or spring rigging (a) Arrangement of springs and equal- with any of the following defects shall izers. Springs and equalizers shall be be taken out of service immediately arranged to ensure the proper distribu- and renewed or properly repaired: tion of weight to the various wheels of (1) An elliptical spring with its top the steam locomotive, maintained ap- (long) leaf or any other five leaves in proximately level and in a safe and the entire spring pack broken; suitable condition for service. Adjust- (2) A broken coil spring or saddle; ing weights by shifting weights from (3) A coil spring that is fully com- one pair of wheels to another is permis- pressed; sible. (4) A broken or cracked equalizer, (b) Spring or spring rigging condemning hanger, bolt, gib or pin; defects. Springs or spring rigging with (5) A broken coil spring saddle; and any of the following defects shall be re- (6) A semi-elliptical spring with a top moved from service immediately and (long) leaf broken or two leaves in the renewed or properly repaired: top half broken, or any three leaves in (1) Top leaf broken or two leaves in the entire spring broken. top half or any three leaves in spring (d) Tender securing arrangement. broken. (The long side of a spring to be considered the top.) Broken springs not Where equipped, tender devices and/or exceeding these requirements may be securing arrangements intended to pre- repaired by applying clips providing vent the truck and tender body from the clips can be made to remain in separating in case of derailment shall place; be maintained in a safe and suitable (2) Any spring with leaves excessively condition for service. shifting in the band; (e) Side bearings and truck centering (3) Broken coil springs; or devices. Where equipped, side bearings (4) Broken driving box saddle, equal- and truck centering devices shall be izer, hanger, bolt, or pin. maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service. WHEELS AND TIRES (f) Friction side bearings. Friction side bearings shall not be run in contact, § 230.112 Wheels and tires. and shall not be considered to be in (a) Mounting. Wheels shall be se- contact if there is clearance between curely mounted on axles. Prick punch- them on either side when measured on ing or shimming the wheel fit will not tangent level track. be permitted. The diameter of wheels (g) Side bearings. All rear trucks shall on the same axle shall not vary more be equipped with side bearings. When than 3⁄32 inch. the spread of side bearings is 50 inches, (b) Gage. Wheels used on standard their maximum clearance shall be 3⁄8 gage track will be out of gage if the in- inch on each side for rear trucks and 3⁄4 side gage of flanges, measured on base inch on each side for front trucks, line is less than 53 inches or more than where used. When the spread of the side 533⁄8 inches. Wheels used on less than bearings is increased, the maximum standard gage track will be out of gage clearance shall be increased propor- if the inside gage of flanges, measured tionately. on base line, is less than the relevant

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track gage less 31⁄2 inches or more than ference of the ring, and the minimum the relevant track gage less 31⁄8 inches. thickness of tires may be as much (c) Flange distance variance. The dis- below the limits specified earlier in tance back to back of flanges of wheels this paragraph (d) as the tires extend mounted on the same axle shall not between the retaining rings, provided vary more than 1⁄4 inch. it does not reduce the thickness of the (d) Tire thickness. Wheels may not tire to less than 11⁄8 inches from the have tires with a minimum thickness throat of flange to the counterbore for less than that indicated in the table in the retaining rings. The required min- this paragraph (d). When retaining imum thickness for tires, by wheel cen- rings are used, measurements of tires ter diameter and weight per axle, is as to be taken from the outside circum- follows:

Minimum Weight per axle (weight on drivers divided by number of pairs of driving Diameter of wheel center (inches) thickness wheels) (inches)

30,000 pounds and under ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄4 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 17⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 11⁄2 Over 68 to 74 ...... 19⁄16 Over 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 30,000 to 35,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 13⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 17⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 11⁄2 Over 62 to 68 ...... 19⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 15⁄8 Over 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 35,000 to 40,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 13⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 17⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 11⁄2 Over 56 to 62 ...... 19⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 15⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 111⁄16 Over 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 40,000 to 45,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 17⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 11⁄2 Over 50 to 56 ...... 19⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 15⁄8 Over 62 to 68 ...... 111⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 13⁄4 Over 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 45,000 to 50,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 11⁄2 Over 44 to 50 ...... 19⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 15⁄8 Over 56 to 62 ...... 111⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 13⁄4 Over 68 to 74 ...... 113⁄16 Over 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 50,000 to 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 19⁄16 Over 44 to 50 ...... 15⁄8 Over 50 to 56 ...... 111⁄16 Over 56 to 62 ...... 13⁄4 Over 62 to 68 ...... 113⁄16 Over 68 to 74 ...... 17⁄8 Over 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 55,000 pounds ...... 44 and under ...... 15⁄8 Over 44 to 50 ...... 111⁄16 Over 50 to 56 ...... 13⁄4 Over 56 to 62 ...... 113⁄16 Over 62 to 68 ...... 17⁄8 Over 68 to 74 ...... 115⁄16 Over 74 ...... 2

(e) Tire width. Flanged tires shall be ard gage and no less than 5 inches wide no less than 51⁄2 inches wide for stand- for narrow gage. Plain tires shall be no

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less than 6 inches wide for standard tires applied to driving and trailing gage and no less than 51⁄2 inches wide wheels. When a single tire is applied, for narrow gage. the diameter must not vary more than 3⁄32 inch from that of the opposite wheel § 230.113 Wheels and tire defects. on the same axle. When a single pair of Steam locomotive and tender wheels tires is applied the diameter must be or tires developing any of the defects within 3⁄32 inch of the average diameter listed in this section shall be removed of the wheels in the driving wheel base from service immediately and repaired. to which they are applied. Except as provided in § 230.114, welding on wheels and tires is prohibited. A § 230.114 Wheel centers. wheel that has been welded is a welded (a) Filling blocks and shims. Driving wheel for the life of the wheel. and trailing wheel centers with divided (a) Cracks or breaks. Wheels and tires rims shall be properly fitted with iron may not have a crack or break in the or steel filling blocks before the tires flange, tread, rim, plate, hub or brack- are applied, and such filling blocks ets. shall be properly maintained. When (b) Flat spots. Wheels and tires may shims are inserted between the tire and not have a single flat spot that is 21⁄2 the wheel center, not more than two inches or more in length, or two ad- thicknesses of shims may be used, one joining spots that are each two or more of which must extend entirely around inches in length. the wheel. The shim which extends en- (c) Chipped flange. Wheels and tires tirely around the wheel may be in may not have a gouge or chip in the three or four pieces, providing they do flange that is more than 11⁄2 inches in not lap. length and 1⁄2 inch in width. (b) Wheel center condemning defects. (d) Broken rims. Wheels and tires may Wheel centers with any of the fol- not have a circumferentially broken lowing defects shall be removed from rim if the tread, measured from the service immediately and repaired: flange at a point 5⁄8 inch above the (1) Wheels centers loose on axle; tread, is less than 33⁄4 inches in width. (2) Broken or defective tire fas- (e) Shelled-out spots. Wheels and tires tenings; may not have a shelled-out spot 21⁄2 (3) Broken or cracked hubs, plates, inches or more in length, or two ad- bolts or spokes, except as provided in joining spots that are each two or more paragraph (b)(4) of this section; or inches in length, or so numerous as to (4) Driving or trailing wheel center endanger the safety of the wheel. with three adjacent spokes or 25 per- (f) Seams. Wheels and tires may not cent or more of the spokes in the wheel have a seam running lengthwise that is broken. within 33⁄4 inches of the flange. (c) Wheel center repairs. Wheel centers (g) Worn flanges. Wheels and tires may be repaired by welding or brazing may not have a flange worn to a 15⁄16 provided that the defect can properly inch thickness or less, as measured at be so repaired and, following the re- a point 3⁄8 inch above the tread. pair, the crankpin and axle shall re- (h) Worn treads. Wheels and tires may main tight in the wheel. Banding of the not have a tread worn hollow 5⁄16 inch hub is permitted. or more. (d) Counterbalance maintenance. Wheel (i) Flange height. Wheels and tires counterbalances shall be maintained in may not have a flange height of less a safe and suitable condition for serv- than 1 inch nor more than 11⁄2 inches, ice. as measured from the tread to the top of the flange. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TANKS (j) Rim thickness. Wheels may not have rims less than 1 inch thick. § 230.115 Feed water tanks. (k) Wheel diameter. Wheels may not (a) General provisions. Tanks shall be have wheel diameter variance, for maintained free from leaks, and in safe wheels on the same axle or in the same and suitable condition for service. driving wheel base, greater than 3⁄32 Suitable screens must be provided for inch, when all tires are turned or new tank wells or tank hose and shall be

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maintained in a manner that allows 6. Inspection of lagging for indication of the unobstructed flow of water. Feed leaks. water tanks shall be equipped with a 7. Inspection for leaks obstructing vision of device that permits the measurement engine crew. 8. Observance of compressor(s) and gov- of the quantity of water in the tender ernor to ascertain proper operation.* feed water tank from the cab or tender 9. Inspection of brake and signal equip- deck of the steam locomotive. Such de- ment.* vice shall be properly maintained. 10. Inspection of brake cylinders for piston (b) Inspection frequency. As often as travel. conditions warrant but not less fre- 11. Inspection of foundation brake gear. quently than every 92 service days, the 12. Inspection of sanders.* interior of the tank shall be inspected, 13. Inspection of draw gear and chafing irons. and cleaned if necessary. 14. Inspection of draft gear. (c) Top of tender. Top of tender behind 15. Inspection of crossheads and guides. fuel space shall be kept clean, and 16. Inspection of piston rods and fasteners. means provided to carry off excess 17. Inspection of main, side, and valve mo- water. Suitable covers shall be pro- tion rods. vided for filling holes. 18. Inspection of headlights and classifica- tion lamps.* § 230.116 Oil tanks. 19. Inspection of running gear. 20. Inspection of tender frames and tanks. The oil tanks on oil burning steam 21. Inspection of tender trucks for amount locomotives shall be maintained free of side bearing clearance. from leaks. The oil supply pipe shall be NOTE: All items marked (*) should be equipped with a safety cut-off device checked at the beginning of each day the lo- that: comotive is used. (a) Is located adjacent to the fuel supply tank or in another safe loca- 31 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.14 tion; 1. Washing of boiler. (b) Closes automatically when 2. Cleaning and inspection of water glass tripped and that can be reset without valves and gauge cocks. hazard; and 3. Cleaning, washing and inspection of arch (c) Can be hand operated from clearly tubes, water bar tubes, circulators and siphons. marked locations, one inside the cab 4. Removal and inspection of all washout and one accessible from the ground on and water tube plugs. each exterior side of the steam loco- 5. Testing of all staybolts. motive. 6. Removal, cleaning and inspection of fusible plugs (if any).

92 Service Day Inspection Requirements; § 230.15

APPENDIX A TO PART 230—INSPECTION 1. Removal and testing of all air and steam REQUIREMENTS gauges. 2. Cleaning of steam gauge siphon pipe. The lists in this appendix are intended as 3. Renewal of tubular water glasses. guidance only. Adherence to this list does 4. Testing and adjusting of safety relief not relieve the steam locomotive owner and/ valves. or operator of responsibility for either: (1) 5. Testing of main reservoir and brake cyl- Completing the inspection and maintenance inder leakage. requirements described in this part; or (2) en- 6. Entering and inspection of tender tank suring that the steam locomotive, tender interior. and its parts and appurtenances are safe and suitable for service. Annual Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 1. Testing of thickness of arch and water Daily Inspection Requirements; § 230.13 bar tubes (arch brick to be removed) 1. Observance of lifting pressure of the low- 2. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. est safety valve. 3. Testing of all staybolts. 2. Testing of water glasses and gauge 4. Interior inspection of boiler. cocks.* 5. Thickness verification of dry pipes. 3. Inspection of tubular water glass shields. 6. Smoke box inspection. 4. Inspection of all cab lamps.* 7. Main reservoir hammer or UT testing 5. Inspection of boiler feedwater delivery and hydrostatic testing (for non-welded and systems.* drilled main reservoirs)

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8. Removal and inspection of steam loco- 1472 Service Day Inspection Requirements; motive drawbar(s) and pins (NDE testing § 230.17 other than merely visual) 1. Removal of boiler flues (as necessary) 9. Inspection of longitudinal lap joint boil- and cleaning of boiler interior. er seams. 2. Removal of jacket and lagging and inspection of boiler interior and exterior. 5 Year Inspection Requirements; § 230.16 3. Hydrostatic testing of boiler. 1. Inspection of flexible staybolt caps and 4. Thickness verification (boiler survey) sleeves. and recomputation and update of steam locomotive specification card, (FRA Form No. 4).

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APPENDIX B TO PART 230—DIAGRAMS AND DRAWINGS

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APPENDIX C TO PART 230—FRA INSPECTION FORMS

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[64 FR 62865, Nov. 17, 1999, as amended at 70 FR 41996, July 21, 2005]

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