A BRIEF HISTORY OF FLORIDA to 1850.

Use the Florida Special Report section at the beginning of the book to answer the following questions. Answer questions on your own paper.

1. TIMELINE FL 48-49: What happened on these dates in Florida? 1513 – Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain 1565 - St. Augustine founded 1695 – Castillo de San Marcos built 1763 – Spain gives control of Florida to England 1845 – Florida becomes the 27th state 1896 - East Coast Railway extended to Miami 1928 – Hurricane strikes South Florida, killing more than 1800 1992 – Hurricane Andrew devastates Homestead and Florida City

2. FL53 - Who were the first Europeans to explore and settle Florida? Spanish explorers, Juan Ponce de Leon, 1513

3. FL53 - Why did Ponce del Leon name Florida La Florida? It was Easter when he found Florida. It was full of wild flowers and fragrant plants. “Flowery Easter”

4. FL54 - Who led explorations of Florida in 1539? How were his explorations successful? Hernando de Soto brought back valuable information about the waterways and landscape of the region

5. FL54 – What happened to de Luna when he landed in Pensacola Bay in 1559? A devastating hurricane hit Pensacola in 1559, killing many and destroying much of de Luna’s fleet and supplies

6. FL54 – Why were the French interested in settling in Florida? They wanted to capture the rich cargo of the Spanish ships.

7. FL55 – What did the Spanish do to prevent the French from taking hold in Florida? The Spanish drove out the French and established a permanent settlement

8. FL55 – What is the oldest permanent European settlement in the United States? St. Augustine

9. FL57 – Who were Sir Francis Drake and Robert Searles? What did each of them do to St. Augustine? Sir Francis Drake = English pirate, looted and burned St. Augustine in 1586 Robert Searles= English pirate, plundered St. Augustine in 1668

10. FL57 – Why was Castillo de San Marcos built? Castillo de San Marcos was built to protect the city of St. Augustine. Completed in 1695.

11. FL57 – When was Pensacola settled? Pensacola was settled in 1698

12. FL57 – What was Ft. Mose and when was it settled? Ft. Mose was built in 1738 for runaway slaves from the British Colonies.

13. FL57 – Who ruled Florida after the French and Indian War? In 1763, Spain ceded Florida to England.

14. FL59 – What did England do to Florida after it took control? England split Florida into two colonies: East Florida, capital = St. Augustine West Florida, capital = Pensacola

15. FL59 – How did England attract settlers to Florida? Great Britain gave settlers grants of free land.

16. FL59 – What happened to Turnbull’s indentured servants in 1777? Turnbull and the plantation overseers treated the workers cruelly. In 1777, the workers rebelled and fled on foot 80 miles north to St. Augustine. They were allowed to stay there by the British authorities in charge.

17. FL59 – List the 12 languages spoken in early Florida. English, Mandingo, Muskogee, Hitchiti, Cherokee, Spanish, Minorcan, Italian, Sicilian, French, German, Greek

18. FL60 – To which country did Florida side with during the Revolutionary War? East and West Florida remained loyal to England and King George.

19. FL60 – What happened to Florida after the Revolutionary War? The British gave Florida back to Spain after the Revolutionary War.

20. FL60 – What is Annexation? What does this have to do with Spanish Florida? Annexation = one country taking control of an area of another country. The US encouraged Americans to move to Spanish Florida because that would make it easier to annex it.

21. FL60 - Why were slaveholders upset with Florida? Enslaved workers were escaping to Florida.

22. FL60 – What happened to Pensacola during the war of 1812? The British captured Pensacola during the war of 1812. General Andrew Jackson drove the British out.

23. FL61 – Who were the people known as the Seminoles? Who pursued them into Florida? Seminoles= Creek Indians moved south to Florida. They mixed with Timucuans and Apalachees. They also mixed with escaped Africans. They staged raids into Georgia then returned to safety in Spanish Florida. General Andrew Jackson (American) pursued the Seminole into Florida (Spanish)

24. FL61 – What did the Adams-Onis Treaty do? Adams-Onis Treaty – 1819, Spain gave up Florida

25. FL61 – Florida was organized and governed… Florida was organized and governed according to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Territorial governor Territorial legislature Non-Voting delegate to Congress

26. FL62 – What was Tallahassee chosen as the first capital of Florida? Tallahassee was mid-way between St. Augustine and Pensacola.

27. FL62 – Why did new settlers stream into Florida? Settlers came to Florida for the fertile land. -cotton and tobacco plantations -small farms, cattle ranches

28. FL62 – What arrived in the mid-1820’s? What arrived in the mid-1830’s? 1820’s – steamboats 1830’s – railroad lines

29. FL62 – What did President Andrew Jackson sign in 1830? President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 to remove all Native Americans to west of the Mississippi River (to Oklahoma)

30. FL62 – Why were the Seminoles and the African American allies fighting the US from 1835 to 1842? The Seminoles did not want to give up their homes and refused to move.

31. FL64 – What did President John Tyler sign in 1845? President John Tyler, 1845, signed the bill allowing Florida to become a slave state. (Iowa became a free state to balance power).

32. FL65 – What attracted people to Florida in the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s? rich natural resources agriculture climate coastlines Atlantic and Gulf Coasts