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Taxodium Distichum University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School June 2018 Assessing Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) Tree Dynamic Change in USF Forest Preserve Area Using Mixture-Tuned Matched Filtering and Multitemporal Satellite Imagery Yujia Wang University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Wang, Yujia, "Assessing Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) Tree Dynamic Change in USF Forest Preserve Area Using Mixture- Tuned Matched Filtering and Multitemporal Satellite Imagery" (2018). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7375 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Assessing Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) Tree Dynamic Change in USF Forest Preserve Area Using Mixture-Tuned Matched Filtering and Multitemporal Satellite Imagery by Yujia Wang A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science School of Geosciences College of Art and Science University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Ping Wang, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Ruiliang Pu, Ph.D. Joni Downs, Ph.D. Date of Approval: June 26, 2018 Keywords: Remote Sensing, bald cypress tree, Linear Spectral Unmixing, abundance Copyright © 2018, Yujia Wang TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... vii Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Wetlands .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Remote sensing technology ................................................................................................... 3 Chapter Two: Research Objectives and Questions ......................................................................... 7 Chapter Three: Background ............................................................................................................ 9 3.1 Bald cypress landscape .......................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Spectral characteristics of bald cypress ............................................................................. 10 Chapter Four: Study Area and Data Sets ...................................................................................... 13 4.1 Study area .............................................................................................................................. 13 4.2 Data sets ................................................................................................................................. 15 Chapter Five: Methodology .......................................................................................................... 18 i 5.1 Data preprocessing ............................................................................................................... 18 5.2 MTMF tool ............................................................................................................................ 21 5.2.1 Minimum Noise Fraction Transformation (MNF) ........................................... 22 5.2.2 Pixel Purity Index (PPI) ....................................................................................... 22 5.2.3 n-Dimensional visualizer ..................................................................................... 23 5.2.4 MF and MTMF ..................................................................................................... 23 5.3 Linear Spectr Unmixing (LSU) .......................................................................................... 24 5.4 Accuracy assessment ............................................................................................................ 24 Chapter Six: Results ...................................................................................................................... 26 6.1 Bald cypress trees abundance estimated using MTMF ................................................... 26 6.2 Bald cypress trees abundance estimated using LSU ........................................................ 39 6.3 The relationship between bald cypress tree and other features ...................................... 40 6.4 Accuracy assessment ............................................................................................................ 42 Chapter Seven: Discussion ........................................................................................................... 44 Chapter Eight: Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 47 References ..................................................................................................................................... 49 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. A summary of Landsat images used in this analysis. ................................................. 16 Table 2. The summary of spatial and spectral information for Landsat TM and OLI images . 17 Table 3. The eigenvalues and the associated variance of the MNF components derived from 1984 TM imagery. ...............................................................................................29 Table 4. Total estimated area of each land cover category (%) in the preserve area. ............... 38 Table 5. Land cover changes during the periods of 1984-1994, 1994-2005, 2005-2015 and 1984-2015. ........................................................................................................... 38 Table 6. Accuracy assessment for the land cover type mapping results produced by MTMF with 2015 OLI image. .................................................................................... 42 Table 7. Accuracy assessment for the land cover type mapping results produced by LSU with 2015 OLI image. ........................................................................................ 43 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. A landscape of bald cypress trees in University of South Florida Forest Preserve Area, Florida, USA. ..................................................................................... 11 Figure 2. Bald Cypress reflectance of an in situ measurement in a spectral region 400- 2400 nm, taken from USF Forest Preserve Area ........................................................ 12 Figure 3. A study map covering the University of South Florida Forest Preserve Area ........... 15 Figure 4. Original color composite images using Landsat TM/OLI images (NIR/Red/Green bands vs. R/G/B color guns) acquired in 1984 (a), 1994 (b), 2005 (c) and 2015 (d). ................................................................................................. 16 Figure 5. A general work flowchart for this thesis research. ..................................................... 20 Figure 6. Masking of the interesting area (i.e., the study area) from a sub-image area. (a) Whole area includes surrounding areas of the study area; and (b) a masked study area only. ........................................................................................................... 21 Figure 7. Eigenvalues calculated by the MNF transform analysis. ........................................... 27 Figure 8. The six MNF feature images derived from 1984 Landsat image.. ............................. 28 Figure 9. (a) Landsat color composite image acquired in 1984 (RGB vs. TM bands 4, 3, 2), and (b) showing endmember pixels extracted by running a PPI tool. ................... 30 iv Figure 10. Pixel Purity Index plots derived from Landsat image processing. These four images show the PPI results by iterations10000, 3000, 1000 and 200, respectively. ................................................................................................................ 30 Figure 11. Different endmembers (features) shown in different colors, created with the N-Dimensional Visualizer tool. .................................................................................. 31 Figure 12. Extracted endmember spectra from the Landsat image (1984). They were used as input to MTMF and LSU spectral unmixing algorithms................................ 32 Figure 13. MTMF mapping results: MF score image (a) and infeasibility image (b). ................ 33 Figure 14. A scatter plot of the matched filter scores versus infeasibility. .................................. 33 Figure 15. (a) MF score image highlighting the other trees (in green), (b) 2D Scatter- plot of MF score (in green) and MT infeasibility image (in white) for the other trees .................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 16. MTMF derived the bald cypress trees fractional abundance image, created from 1984 Landsat TM image.. .................................................................................
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