Plant Palette - Trees 50’-0”
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Thuja Plicata Has Many Traditional Uses, from the Manufacture of Rope to Waterproof Hats, Nappies and Other Kinds of Clothing
photograph © Daniel Mosquin Culturally modified tree. The bark of Thuja plicata has many traditional uses, from the manufacture of rope to waterproof hats, nappies and other kinds of clothing. Careful, modest, bark stripping has little effect on the health or longevity of trees. (see pages 24 to 35) photograph © Douglas Justice 24 Tree of the Year : Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don In this year’s Tree of the Year article DOUGLAS JUSTICE writes an account of the western red-cedar or giant arborvitae (tree of life), a species of conifers that, for centuries has been central to the lives of people of the Northwest Coast of America. “In a small clearing in the forest, a young woman is in labour. Two women companions urge her to pull hard on the cedar bark rope tied to a nearby tree. The baby, born onto a newly made cedar bark mat, cries its arrival into the Northwest Coast world. Its cradle of firmly woven cedar root, with a mattress and covering of soft-shredded cedar bark, is ready. The young woman’s husband and his uncle are on the sea in a canoe carved from a single red-cedar log and are using paddles made from knot-free yellow cedar. When they reach the fishing ground that belongs to their family, the men set out a net of cedar bark twine weighted along one edge by stones lashed to it with strong, flexible cedar withes. Cedar wood floats support the net’s upper edge. Wearing a cedar bark hat, cape and skirt to protect her from the rain and INTERNATIONAL DENDROLOGY SOCIETY TREES Opposite, A grove of 80- to 100-year-old Thuja plicata in Queen Elizabeth Park, Vancouver. -
Pije 14 Jeffrey Pine-Incense
PIJE 14 JEFFREY PINE-INCENSE-CEDAR/HUCKLEBERRY OAK Pinus jeffreyi-Calocedrus decurrens/Quercus vaccinifolia PIJE-CADE27/QUVA (N=13; FS=13) Distribution. This Association occurs on the Applegate and Ashland Ranger Districts, Rogue River National Forest and the Galice and Illinois Valley Ranger Districts, Siskiyou National Forest. It may also occur on the Ashland and Grants Pass Resource Areas, Medford District, Bureau of Land Management. Distinguishing Characteristics. This is a relatively high elevation Jeffrey pine association and is the coolest of the Jeffrey pine associations. Huckleberry oak and incense-cedar are usually present. Soils. Parent material is serpentine, with one occurrence of peridotite. Surface gravel and rock content averages 26 and 36 percent cover, respectively, while exposed bedrock cover averages 5 percent. Based on two plots sampled, soils are deep (greater than 40 inches) and well drained. Surface texture is silty clay loam, with 8 to 25 percent gravel, 35 to 50 percent cobbles and stones, and 32 percent PIJE 15 clay. Subsurface texture is silty clay loam, with 5 percent gravel, 40 percent cobbles and stones, and 32 to 35 percent clay. The soil moisture regime is probably xeric and the soil temperature regime is probably frigid. Soils classify to the following subgroups: Dystric Xerochrept and Typic Xerochrept. Environment. Elevation averages 3990 feet. Aspect is variable, although generally not northerly. Slope averages 33 percent with a range of 5 to 68 percent. Slope position ranges from ridgetops down to the middle one-third of the slope. Vegetation Composition and Structure. Total species richness is low for the Series, averaging 27 species. -
Proceedings of the 56 Annual Western International Forest Disease Work
Proceedings of the 56th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference October 27-31, 2008 Missoula, Montana St. Marys Lake, Glacier National Park Compiled by: Fred Baker Department of Wildland Resources College of Natural Resources Utah State University Proceedings of the 56th Annual Western International Forest Disease Work Conference October 27 -31, 2008 Missoula, Montana Holiday Inn Missoula Downtown At The Park Compiled by: Fred Baker Department of Wildland Resources College of Natural Resources Utah State University & Carrie Jamieson & Patsy Palacios S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Natural Resources Research Library College of Natural Resources Utah State University, Logan 2009, WIFDWC These proceedings are not available for citation of publication without consent of the authors. Papers are formatted with minor editing for formatting, language, and style, but otherwise are printed as they were submitted. The authors are responsible for content. TABLE OF CONTENTS Program Opening Remarks: WIFDWC Chair Gregg DeNitto Panel: Climate Change and Forest Pathology – Focus on Carbon Impacts of Climate Change for Drought and Wildfire Faith Ann Heinsch 3 Carbon Credit Projects in the Forestry Sector: What is Being Done to Manage Carbon? What Can Be Done? Keegan Eisenstadt 3 Mountain Pine Beetle and Eastern Spruce Budworm Impacts on Forest Carbon Dynamics Caren Dymond 4 Climate Change’s Influence on Decay Rates Robert L. Edmonds 5 Panel: Invasive Species: Learning by Example (Ellen Goheen, Moderator) Is Firewood Moving Tree Pests? William -
Psme 46 Douglas-Fir-Incense
PSME 46 DOUGLAS-FIR-INCENSE-CEDAR/PIPER'S OREGONGRAPE Pseudotsuga menziesii-Calocedrus decurrens/Berberis piperiana PSME-CADE27/BEPI2 (N=18; FS=18) Distribution. This Association occurs on the Applegate, Ashland, and Prospect Ranger Districts, Rogue River National Forest, and the Tiller and North Umpqua Ranger Districts, Umpqua National Forest. It may also occur on the Butte Falls Ranger District, Rogue River National Forest and adjacent Bureau of Land Management lands. Distinguishing Characteristics. This is a drier, cooler Douglas-fir association. White fir is frequently present, but with relatively low covers. Piper's Oregongrape and poison oak, dry site indicators, are also frequently present. Soils. Parent material is mostly schist, welded tuff, and basalt, with some andesite, diorite, and amphibolite. Average surface rock cover is 8 percent, with 8 percent gravel. Soils are generally deep, but may be moderately deep, with an average depth of greater than 40 inches. PSME 47 Environment. Elevation averages 3000 feet. Aspects vary. Slope averages 35 percent and ranges between 12 and 62 percent. Slope position ranges from the upper one-third of the slope down to the lower one-third of the slope. This Association may also occur on benches and narrow flats. Vegetation Composition and Structure. Total species richness is high for the Series, averaging 44 percent. The overstory is dominated by Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine, with sugar pine and incense-cedar common associates. Douglas-fir dominates the understory. Incense-cedar, white fir, and Pacific madrone frequently occur, generally with covers greater than 5 percent. Sugar pine is common. Frequently occurring shrubs include Piper's Oregongrape, baldhip rose, poison oak, creeping snowberry, and Pacific blackberry. -
The Relation of Soil Characteristics to Growth and Distribution of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana and Thuja,Plicata in Southwestern Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF DAVID KIMBERLY IMPER for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in BOTANY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY presented on ty,.1/(980 Title: THE RELATION OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS TO GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHAMAECYPARIS LAWSONIANA AND THUJA PLICATA IN SOUTHWESTERN OREGON Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: lkoLltcT B. Zobel Twelve plots at six sites in southwestern Oregon were studied to determine the degree to which various soil characteristics are related to the occurrence and growth of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and Thu,la plicata. Soil profiles and vegetation were described in each plot, and measurements were made of insolation, soil and litter temperature, creek and groundwater characteristics, and litter accumulation. Growth was estimated by measurement of age, height, DBH, 10-year basal area increment, and foliage elongation between July, 1979, and January, 1980. In July and September, 1979, and January, 1980, mineral soils from the 0-10 cm level were analyzed for pH, moisture holding capacity, loss-on-ignition, and concentra- tions of nitrate, ammonium and total N. Nitrate and ammonium concentrations were also determined in stream and groundwater. In July and January, fine litter was analyzed for pH, nitrate and ammonium. On each sample date, soils and litter were incubated aerobically for five weeks at 28°C to determine their potentialfor ammonification and nitrification.Ammonium was added to some samples before incubation. Total N concentration was determined for individ- ual foliage samples (collected in September) in most plots; foliage and mineral soil samples were composited for each plot and analyzed for P, Ca, K and Mg concentrations.The various soil and other measurements were related to basal area increment by multiple regression analysis. -
Jaiswal Amit Et Al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61
Jaiswal Amit et al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 2230 – 8407 Available online www.irjponline.com Review Article REVIEW / PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PLATYCLADUS ORIEANTALIS Jaiswal Amit1*, Kumar Abhinav1, Mishra Deepali2, Kasula Mastanaiah3 1Department Of Pharmacology, RKDF College Of Pharmacy,Bhopal, (M.P.)India 2Department Of Pharmacy, Sir Madanlal Institute Of Pharmacy,Etawah (U.P.)India 3 Department Of Pharmacology, The Erode College Of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, India Article Received on: 11/09/11 Revised on: 23/10/11 Approved for publication: 10/11/11 *Email: [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Platycladus orientalis, also known as Chinese Arborvitae or Biota. It is native to northwestern China and widely naturalized elsewhere in Asia east to Korea and Japan, south to northern India, and west to northern Iran. It is a small, slow growing tree, to 15-20 m tall and 0.5 m trunk diameter (exceptionally to 30 m tall and 2 m diameter in very old trees). The different parts of the plant are traditionally used as a diuretic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, stomachic, antipyretic, analgesic and anthelmintic. However, not many pharmacological reports are available on this important plant product. This review gives a detailed account of the chemical constituents and also reports on the pharmacological activity activities of the oil and extracts of Platycladus orientalis. Keywords: Dry distillation, Phytochemisty, Pharmacological activity, Platycladus orientalis. INTRODUCTION cultivated in Europe since the first half of the 18th century. In cooler Botanical Name : Platycladus orientalis. areas of tropical Africa it has been planted primarily as an Family: Cupressaceae. -
Growth and Colonization of Western Redcedar by Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Fumigated and Nonfumigated Nursery Beds
Tree Planter's Notes, Volume 42, No. 4 (1991) Growth and Colonization of Western Redcedar by Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Fumigated and Nonfumigated Nursery Beds S. M. Berch, E. Deom, and T. Willingdon Assistant professor and research assistant, Department of Soil Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, and manager, Surrey Nursery, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Surrey, BC Western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) VAM. Positive growth responses of up to 20 times the seedlings were grown in a bareroot nursery bed that had nonmycorrhizal controls occurred under conditions of limited been fumigated with methyl bromide. Seedlings grown in soil phosphorus. Incense-cedar, redwood, and giant sequoia fumigated beds were stunted and had purple foliage. seedlings in northern California nursery beds are routinely Microscopic examination showed that roots from these inoculated with Glomus sp. (Adams et al. 1990), as seedlings were poorly colonized by mycorrhizae, and only by experience has shown that the absence of VAM after soil fine vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. In contrast, roots from fumigation leads to phosphorus deficiency and poor growth. seedlings grown in non-fumigated beds had larger shoots and When western redcedars in fumigated transplant beds at green foliage and were highly colonized by both fine and the British Columbia Ministry of Forest's Surrey Nursery coarse vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. Tree Planters' began to show signs of phosphorus deficiency, a deficiency Notes 42(4):14-16; 1991. of mycorrhizal colonization was suspected. Many studies have demonstrated improved P status of VAM-inoculated Species of cypress (Cupressaceae) and yew plants (see Harley and Smith 1983). -
Davidia Involucrata Handkerchief Tree
Davidia involucrata Handkerchief Tree Davidia involucrata is the only member of its genus but there are two varieties separated by their leaves, var. involucrata which whose leaves are short haired on the underside and var. vilmoriniana which have hairless leaves. A small/medium sized tree it is most well known for its astonishing white, large bracts that hang like pinched handkerchiefs from its branches in May. The foliage is midsized and heart shaped, of a attractive green colour in summer turning shades of orange and yellow in winter with young foliage in spring having a red/purple colour and a spicy, incense fragrance. Small inedible pear shaped fruits are produced in the spring. Davidia involucrata 4m Plant Profile Name: Davidia involucrata Common Name: Handkerchief Tree / Dove Tree Family: Nyssaceae Height: Up to above 12 metres Width: Up to 6-8 metres Demands: Sun or light shade in a sheltered position Soil: All soils tolerated but prefers well drained or moist but well drained Foliage: Deciduous Fruit: Hard Nut with green husk Flowers of the Davidia involucrata vilmoriniana Deepdale Trees Ltd., Tithe Farm, Hatley Road, Potton, Sandy, Beds. SG19 2DX. Tel: 01767 26 26 36 www.deepdale-trees.co.uk Davidia involucrata Handkerchief Tree The Davidia involucrata is named after the French missionary and botanist Father Armand David who was also the first westerner to report a sighting of a panda! Summer foliage Container Grown 3-4m Davida involucrata Davidia involucrata 3.5-4m in winter Deepdale Trees Ltd., Tithe Farm, Hatley Road, Potton, Sandy, Beds. SG19 2DX. Tel: 01767 26 26 36 www.deepdale-trees.co.uk. -
Guide Alaska Trees
x5 Aá24ftL GUIDE TO ALASKA TREES %r\ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE Agriculture Handbook No. 472 GUIDE TO ALASKA TREES by Leslie A. Viereck, Principal Plant Ecologist Institute of Northern Forestry Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station ÜSDA Forest Service, Fairbanks, Alaska and Elbert L. Little, Jr., Chief Dendrologist Timber Management Research USD A Forest Service, Washington, D.C. Agriculture Handbook No. 472 Supersedes Agriculture Handbook No. 5 Pocket Guide to Alaska Trees United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Washington, D.C. December 1974 VIERECK, LESLIE A., and LITTLE, ELBERT L., JR. 1974. Guide to Alaska trees. U.S. Dep. Agrie., Agrie. Handb. 472, 98 p. Alaska's native trees, 32 species, are described in nontechnical terms and illustrated by drawings for identification. Six species of shrubs rarely reaching tree size are mentioned briefly. There are notes on occurrence and uses, also small maps showing distribution within the State. Keys are provided for both summer and winter, and the sum- mary of the vegetation has a map. This new Guide supersedes *Tocket Guide to Alaska Trees'' (1950) and is condensed and slightly revised from ''Alaska Trees and Shrubs" (1972) by the same authors. OXFORD: 174 (798). KEY WORDS: trees (Alaska) ; Alaska (trees). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number î 74—600104 Cover: Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)., the State tree and largest in Alaska, also one of the most valuable. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402—Price $1.35 Stock Number 0100-03308 11 CONTENTS Page List of species iii Introduction 1 Studies of Alaska trees 2 Plan 2 Acknowledgments [ 3 Statistical summary . -
The Evolution of Inbreeding in Western Redcedar (Thuja Plicata: Cupressaceae)
THE EVOLUTION OF INBREEDING IN WESTERN REDCEDAR (THUJA PLICATA: CUPRESSACEAE) by LISA MARIE O'CONNELL B.A. University of Ottawa, 1993 B.Sc. Dalhousie University, 1995 M.Sc. Queen's University, 1997 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Forest Sciences) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 2003 © Lisa Marie O'Connell, 2003 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of forfs't Sci e rt c*5 The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date April H , 2^003 DE-6 (2/88) Abstract Long-lived woody plants usually show high levels of outcrossing, inbreeding depression and genetic diversity compared to other plants. A review of the literature showed a mean oucrossing rate of 83.5 in conifers, and a positive, but weak, correlation between outcrossing and genetic diversity. Among conifers, western redcedar (Thuja plicata, Cupressaceae) has one of the highest rates of self-fertilization and lowest amount of genetic diversity, and thus offers the opportunity to study the evolution of inbreeding in a predominantly outcrossing group of plants. -
A Critically Endangered Plant Species Endemic to South-West China
Integrated conservation for Parakmeria omeiensis (Magnoliaceae), a Critically Endangered plant species endemic to south-west China D AOPING Y U ,XIANGYING W EN,CEHONG L I ,TIEYI X IONG,QIXIN P ENG X IAOJIE L I ,KONGPING X IE,HONG L IU and H AI R EN Abstract Parakmeria omeiensis is a Critically Endangered tree attractive and large, and their seed arils are orange, making species in the family Magnoliaceae, endemic to south-west the tree an attractive ornamental plant. However, the species China. The tree is functionally dioecious, but little is known has a restricted range. It has been considered a Grade-I about the species’ status in the wild. We investigated the Key-Protected Wild Plant Species in China since and range, population size, age structure, habitat characteristics has been categorized as Critically Endangered on the and threats to P. omeiensis. We located a total of individuals IUCN Red List since (China Expert Workshop, ), in two populations on the steep slopes of Mount Emei, Sichuan the Chinese Higher Plants Red List since (Yin, ), and province, growing under the canopy of evergreen broadleaved the Red List of Magnoliaceae since (Malin et al., ). forest in well-drained gravel soil. A male-biased sex ratio, lack The tree has also been identified as a plant species with an of effective pollinating insects, and habitat destruction result extremely small population (Ren et al., ; State Forestry in low seed set and poor seedling survival in the wild. We Administration of China, ). have adopted an integrated conservation approach, including Parakmeria includes five species (P. -
Metasequoia Dawn Redwood a Truly Beautiful Tree
Metasequoia Dawn Redwood A Truly Beautiful Tree Metasequoia glyptostroboides is considered to be a living fossil as it is the only remaining species of a genus that was widespread in the geological past. In 1941 it was discovered in Hubei, China. In 1948 the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University sent an expedition to collect seed, which was distributed to universities and botanical gardens worldwide for growth trials. Seedlings were raised in New Zealand and trees can be seen in Christchurch Botanical Gardens, Eastwoodhill and Queens Gardens, Nelson. A number of natural Metasequoia populations exist in the wetlands and valleys of Lichuan County, Hubei, mostly as small groups. The largest contains 5400 trees. It is an excellent tall growing deciduous tree to complement evergreens in wetlands, stream edge plantings to control slips, and to prevent erosion in damp valley bottoms where other forestry trees fail to grow. Spring growth is a fresh bright green and in autumn the foliage turns a A fast growing deciduous conifer, red coppery brown making a great display. with a straight trunk, numerous It is also a most attractive winter branch silhouette. While the foliage is a similiar colour in autumn to that of swamp cypress (Taxodium), it is a branches and a tall conical crown, much taller erect growing tree, though both species thrive in moist soil growing to 45 metres in height and conditions. We import our seed from China and the uniformity of the seedling one metre in diameter. crop is most impressive. The timber has been used in boat building. Abies vejari 20 years old on left 14 years old on right Abies Silver Firs These dramatic conical shaped conifers make a great statement in the landscape, long-lived and withstanding the elements.