DOCSLIB.ORG

Through the Looking Glass

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Through the Looking Glass Interpreting in the Mental Health Setting May, 2018 El Paso, Texas Click to edit Master title style • Broadly: – What is mental health interpreting – How is it different from other ‘terping? – Who you will work with Click to edit Master subtitle style – How to handle various situations – Taking care of yourself This will not make you an expert! Presented by Steve Hamerdinger © 2018 All Rights Reserved • Community interpreting vs. mental health interpreting: what’s the difference? • “I Don’t DO mental Health interpreting!” – Are you sure??? Mental health interpreting can happen in unexpected times and places •Medical settings ● Educational settings •VR/social services • Interpreter training has been a response to • There are several models of interpreting: historical antecedents – Helper – Machine (or conduit) – Communication facilitator – Ally – Cultural mediator Steve Hamerdinger, LifeSigns. © 2018. All rights Reserved Page 1 Interpreting in the Mental Health Setting May, 2018 El Paso, Texas • Cultural mediation model is growing in acceptance – especially since start of 2000s (c.f. Executive Order 13166) – Driven, in part, by spoken language interpreters • Reaction to the Conduit Model • Opposition from some because it is “unethical” Equal Access Equal Outcome Thought: – Attempts to put interpretation into a cultural – Charge arises from a world view informedIs itby better the to context “machine model” allow a – “Our job is to give ‘equal access’ to the • For example: “State School” is misleading – misperception information!” especially when talking to “mental health” types! based on • Another concern relates to trainingculturally and loaded professional maturation material to adversely effect – Beginning interpreters untrained/unprepared to consumer handle this level of professional responsibility outcomes? • Opposition from some because it is “unethical” • Alabama MHI concept is an outgrowth of – Charge arises from a world view informed by the both the Cultural and Ally models with “machine model” important twists – “Our job is to give ‘equal access’ to the – Several key precepts: information!” •The interpreter is part of the treatment team and • Another concern relates to training and impacts the treatment process professional maturation •The interpreter is usually the only one on the team who is aware of the complex interplay of various – Beginning interpreters untrained/unprepared to sequelae of deafness handle this level of professional responsibility •Interpreting is a practice profession rather than para-profession Steve Hamerdinger, LifeSigns. © 2018. All rights Reserved Page 2 Interpreting in the Mental Health Setting May, 2018 El Paso, Texas • Developed from a knowledge-driven viewpoint • Accurate interpretation involves: rather than a skills-driven viewpoint – The structural differences between languages – Early efforts (1995 – 2003) in Missouri – How each language is seen and used by each • “Minimum Competencies” culture – Alabama State Code – 2003 Prior to MHIT • Emphasis on training, application most training in – The “thought worlds” of the parties involved and demonstration • Mandated 40 hours of specialized MH interpreting training – the MHIT Project were of the (Full information at www.mhit.org) “how do you sign _________” variety “What’s Going On With You?” • Further, accurate interpretation depends • In a psychiatric hospital between night nurse and clear understanding of: patient • In an emergency room between a doctor and a quietly – Context seated patient – Intent of the communicants • In an emergency room between a doctor and a patient – Purpose of the message with his foot facing the wrong way • In the police station between mother and son • Between close friends who haven’t seen each other in a long time Cheerfully plagiarized from Robyn Dean Cheerfully Plagiarized from Dean and Pollard • Clinicians use language to test hypotheses as to what is going on with a consumer – What things (“demands”) might be operating in the following opening of a clinical session: “How have you been doing since the last time we met?” • First we have to understand how mental illness overlays the process Cheerfully plagiarized from Robyn Dean Steve Hamerdinger, LifeSigns. © 2018. All rights Reserved Page 3 Interpreting in the Mental Health Setting May, 2018 El Paso, Texas • DSM-V Definition: • Major types of mental illness: – A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by – Psychosis clinically significant disturbance in an individual's •Fundamental mental derangement (as cognition, emotion regulation or behavior that reflects schizophrenia) characterized by defective or lost a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or contact with reality developmental processes underlying mental functioning. • An expectable or culturally approved response to a Remember: common stressor or loss, such as the death of a loved The signs for disorders I use here may be OK for using one, is not a mental disorder. with professionals but are not effective with consumers Emphasis mine • Major types of mental illness: • Major types of mental illness: – Psychotic disorders – Psychotic disorders •Schizophrenia is the most familiar form •Schizophrenia is the most familiar form – It is organic and incurable – Delusions – Most admissions and residents of public mental hospitals – Hallucinations – Chronicity and severity mean costly and difficult to treat – Disorganized thinking/speech – Public policy - homelessness, notorious crimes – Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior Sensory Modalities • Erroneous beliefs • Auditory that usually involve • Visual a misinterpretation • Olfactory of perceptions or • Gustatory experiences, not • Tactile supported by reality – Bizarre and non- bizarre https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWYwckFrksg Steve Hamerdinger, LifeSigns. © 2018. All rights Reserved Page 4 Interpreting in the Mental Health Setting May, 2018 El Paso, Texas “I am Godd.” “I used to play with Napoleon as a young boy. We built a wagon together.” • Major types of mental illness: “My mother is Elizabeth Taylor. My father is Andrew Coumo.” – Psychosis •Schizophrenia is the most familiar form “The TV tells me what to do and I communicate with the TV by placing notes into the vents in the back of the TV.” – It is organic and incurable – Most admissions and residents of public mental hospitals “I am pregnant with 99 babies. They won’t come out.” – Chronicity and severity mean costly and difficult to treat “I am a CIA baby. The CIA talks to me through my hearing aids and tells me – Public policy - homelessness, notorious crimes what to say.” “Orange is the CIA, Green is the army, Black is evil – except for interpreters…” “Every night someone sneaks into my room and takes apart my clothes and then re-sews them a size smaller.” • Major types of mental illness: – Psychosis •Schizophrenia is the most familiar form – Positive symptoms: thought insertion and broadcasting, loose association, hallucinations (auditory visual, tactile, olfactory,) delusions, paranoia, – Negative symptoms: flat affect, lack of pleasure and motivation, and social isolation • Major types of mental illness: • Major types of mental illness: – Bi-polar and related disorders – Bi-polar and related disorders •Manic – Can be accompanied by delusions and •Hypomanic hallucinations •Major depressive – Behavior problems when manic •Mixed – Possible suicide when depressed Steve Hamerdinger, LifeSigns. © 2018. All rights Reserved Page 5 Interpreting in the Mental Health Setting May, 2018 El Paso, Texas • Major types of mental illness: • Major types of mental illness: – Bi-polar and related disorders – Depressive Disorders •Thought to have genetic, biological and environmental causes • Major types of mental illness: • Major types of mental illness: – Anxiety disorders – Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders •Panic Disorder •Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder •Phobias •Generalized •Anxiety Disorder There are enough phobias out there to give you phobophobia – Schizoid Personality Disorder: • Major types of mental illness: Individuals with schizoid personalities tend to be introverted, withdrawn, solitary, emotionally cold, and distant. They are often absorbed with their own thoughts – Personality Disorders and feelings and are fearful of closeness and intimacy with others. •Borderline Personality Disorder* is common and – Paranoid Personality Disorder: People with paranoid personality disorder are often untrusting, unforgiving, and tough to treat prone to angry or aggressive outbursts without justification, because they – You absolutely must avoid dual relationships in this perceive others as unfaithful, disloyal, condescending, or deceitful. This type of person may also be jealous, guarded, secretive, and scheming, and may appear to case - You cannot let yourself become a pawn! be emotionally “cold” or excessively serious. – Schizotypal Personality Disorder: These people may have odd or eccentric manners of speaking or dressing. Strange, outlandish, or paranoid beliefs and thoughts are common. They may react inappropriately or not react at all during a conversation, or they may talk to * People with this disorder are prone to unpredictable outbursts of anger, which sometimes manifest in self-injurious behavior. Borderlines are highly sensitive to rejection, and fear of abandonment themselves. They can also display signs of “magical thinking” by saying they can may result in frantic efforts to avoid being left alone, such as suicide threats and attempts. see into the future or read
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Descriptive Psychopathology: the Signs and Symptoms of Behavioral
    Descriptive Psychopathology Descriptive Psychopathology The Signs and Symptoms of Behavioral Disorders Michael Alan Taylor, MD Nutan Atre Vaidya, MD CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521713917 © M. Taylor and N. Vaidya 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-45779-1 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-71391-7 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this publication to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability of direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Phobias: Beaten by a Rod Or Instrument of Punishment, Or of # Being Severely Criticized — Rhabdophobia
    Beards — Pogonophobia. List of Phobias: Beaten by a rod or instrument of punishment, or of # being severely criticized — Rhabdophobia. Beautiful women — Caligynephobia. 13, number — Triskadekaphobia. Beds or going to bed — Clinophobia. 8, number — Octophobia. Bees — Apiphobia or Melissophobia. Bicycles — Cyclophobia. A Birds — Ornithophobia. Abuse, sexual — Contreltophobia. Black — Melanophobia. Accidents — Dystychiphobia. Blindness in a visual field — Scotomaphobia. Air — Anemophobia. Blood — Hemophobia, Hemaphobia or Air swallowing — Aerophobia. Hematophobia. Airborne noxious substances — Aerophobia. Blushing or the color red — Erythrophobia, Airsickness — Aeronausiphobia. Erytophobia or Ereuthophobia. Alcohol — Methyphobia or Potophobia. Body odors — Osmophobia or Osphresiophobia. Alone, being — Autophobia or Monophobia. Body, things to the left side of the body — Alone, being or solitude — Isolophobia. Levophobia. Amnesia — Amnesiphobia. Body, things to the right side of the body — Anger — Angrophobia or Cholerophobia. Dextrophobia. Angina — Anginophobia. Bogeyman or bogies — Bogyphobia. Animals — Zoophobia. Bolsheviks — Bolshephobia. Animals, skins of or fur — Doraphobia. Books — Bibliophobia. Animals, wild — Agrizoophobia. Bound or tied up — Merinthophobia. Ants — Myrmecophobia. Bowel movements, painful — Defecaloesiophobia. Anything new — Neophobia. Brain disease — Meningitophobia. Asymmetrical things — Asymmetriphobia Bridges or of crossing them — Gephyrophobia. Atomic Explosions — Atomosophobia. Buildings, being close to high
    [Show full text]
  • List of Phobias and Simple Cures.Pdf
    Phobia This article is about the clinical psychology. For other uses, see Phobia (disambiguation). A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος, Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is, when used in the context of clinical psychology, a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. In the event the phobia cannot be avoided entirely the sufferer will endure the situation or object with marked distress and significant interference in social or occupational activities.[1] The terms distress and impairment as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) should also take into account the context of the sufferer's environment if attempting a diagnosis. The DSM-IV-TR states that if a phobic stimulus, whether it be an object or a social situation, is absent entirely in an environment - a diagnosis cannot be made. An example of this situation would be an individual who has a fear of mice (Suriphobia) but lives in an area devoid of mice. Even though the concept of mice causes marked distress and impairment within the individual, because the individual does not encounter mice in the environment no actual distress or impairment is ever experienced. Proximity and the degree to which escape from the phobic stimulus should also be considered. As the sufferer approaches a phobic stimulus, anxiety levels increase (e.g. as one gets closer to a snake, fear increases in ophidiophobia), and the degree to which escape of the phobic stimulus is limited and has the effect of varying the intensity of fear in instances such as riding an elevator (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • “Formal Thought Disorder” in Homeless Young Adults with Elevated Schizotypal Traits: Underlying Dimensional Structure…
    “Formal Thought Disorder” in Homeless Young Adults with Elevated Schizotypal Traits: Dimensional Structure and Cognitive Correlates Cliff Deyo (BA, GDipSocSci - Psych, BSocSci - Hons, MA) Department of Psychology Faculty of Human Sciences Macquarie University Empirical thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology (Clinical Neuropsychology), Macquarie University, submitted March 31, 2015. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Tables……………………………………………………………….……….….…...v General Abstract………………………………………………………………………..…….vi Declaration…………………………………………………………………………….…... .viii Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………...ix GENERAL INTRODUCTION………...………………………………………………..…..1 Measuring FTD by Objective Rating Scale………………………...………………......…...3 Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language, and Communication……………....…...3 Thought and Language Index and Other Rating Scales……………………………….…..4 FTD Dimensionality……………………………………………………………….…..….....4 Factor Analytic Research and FTD Dimensionality…………………………….……..….5 A Concise Review of FTD Research……………………………………….…….……....…7 Qualitative Differences in FTD Between Diagnoses……………...………….…. …....….8 The Course of FTD………………………………...……………………….…......…..…..9 FTD in Childhood and Adolescence, and Progression to Psychosis……………..…..…..10 Parental Communication Deviance…………………………………...……………….…10 Functional Implications of FTD…………………………………………….…...…….....11 Cognitive Models of FTD……………………….……………..…………....……….……13 Cognitive Correlates of FTD………………..………...……………………………..…….15
    [Show full text]
  • Key Words What Is Phobia?
    COUNSEL INDIA FEAR AND PHOBIA WORKSHOP MASTER CLASS GUIDE Myth of fear and phobia Phobia can’t be overcome Only weak people have fear Fear impairs performance Confidence is the absence of fear Fear is only perception – it’s not real Fear and phobia is exactly the same thing Phobias are just overrated fear, don’t take it serious Fear – key words It starts It can be It travels It’s a bad naturally real or from mind feeling but can end imagined to body individually It’s It’s a It’s because triggered powerful of danger by human or threat perception emotion What is phobia? It’s constant It’s unreal Anxiety disorder Panic experience It’s an excessive It’s related to Long standing fear fear object or situation for 6 months Fear & Phobia simplified Fear – false evidence appearing real Phobia – unreasonable fear causing panic Examples of phobia Acrophobia – fear of heights Aquaphobia – fear of water Tachophobia - Fear of speed Chronophobia - Fear of future Thanatophobia – Fear of death Glossophobia - Fear of public speaking Phobophobia - Fear of phobias Home for fear Personal life – self, family, friends, love, responsibility, respect, care Educational life – subjects, exams, competition, disinterest, diversion Professional life – job, boss, politics, growth, skill set, stability, changes Social life – status, life style, comparison, missed opportunities Religious life – sin, karma, worship, offering, lack of faith, holy book Spiritual life – lack of purpose, self-serving , wondering mind, insensitivity Secrete life – open
    [Show full text]
  • List of Phobias
    Important Phobias - List Of Phobias List Of Phobias Achluophobia - Fear of darkness Acrophobia - Fear of heights Aerophobia - Fear of flying Algophobia - Fear of pain Agoraphobia - Fear of open spaces or crowds Aichmophobia - Fear of needles or pointed objects Amaxophobia - Fear of riding in a car Androphobia - Fear of men Anginophobia - Fear of angina or choking Anthrophobia - Fear of flowers Anthropophobia - Fear of people or society Aphenphosmphobia - Fear of being touched Arachibutyrophobia - Fear of peanut butter Arachnophobia - Fear of spiders Arithmophobia - Fear of numbers Astraphobia - Fear of thunder and lightning Ataxophobia - Fear of disorder or untidiness Atelophobia - Fear of imperfection Atychiphobia - Fear of failure Automatonophobia - Fear of Human-Like Figures Autophobia - Fear of being alone Bacteriophobia - Fear of bacteria Barophobia - Fear of gravity Bathmophobia - Fear of stairs or steep slopes Batrachophobia - Fear of amphibians Belonephobia - Fear of pins and needles Bibliophobia - Fear of books Botanophobia - Fear of plants Cacophobia - Fear of ugliness Catagelophobia - Fear of being ridiculed Catoptrophobia - Fear of mirrors Chionophobia - Fear of snow Chromophobia - Fear of colors Chronomentrophobia - Fear of clocks Chronophobia - Fear of Time Claustrophobia - Fear of confined spaces Coulrophobia - Fear of clowns Cyberphobia - Fear of computers Cynophobia - Fear of dogs Dendrophobia - Fear of trees Dentophobia - Fear of dentists Domatophobia - Fear of houses Dystychiphobia - Fear of accidents Ecophobia - Fear
    [Show full text]
  • Phobophobia: Fear, Fear of Fear, and the Climber Mind
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works Faculty Publications 5-2009 Phobophobia: Fear, Fear of Fear, and the Climber Mind Fred B. Bryant Loyola University Chicago, [email protected] Kristin Bjornsen Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/psychology_facpubs Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Bryant, Fred B. and Bjornsen, Kristin. Phobophobia: Fear, Fear of Fear, and the Climber Mind. Climbing, 275, : 56-62, 2009. Retrieved from Loyola eCommons, Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works, This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. © Climbing Magazine, 2009. t 祜暈暈 Ut. 亂 - －;這 _＿＿＿＿＿－ -i, h '- n 1I ;,,,. 冒 驃 佑 ·u- ＿＿＿＿＿」－－－ ` f E E 丶 ,1 , 囑 lqn-· 一 一9 膚 Ii- F E A R, F E A R OF F E A R, AND THE CLIMBER MIND By Kristin Bjornsen and Fred Bryant, PhD WHICH BEST D ESCR IBES your typical climbing experience? On the other hand, an ascent that evokes no fear is usually bland, unmemorable. A) "Runout? Meh—they call me the Iceman." As the alpinist Kelly Cordes, 40, puts it, B) "I sometimes feel afraid, especially on hairy climbs." "Those hazards represent the wildness of C) "I cry like a colicky baby every time I rope up." the mountains, in which I find tremendous appeal and beauty.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychological Disorders
    Psychological Disorders OUTLINE OF RESOURCES Introducing Psychological Disorders Lecture/Discussion Topic: Using Case Studies to Teach Psyhological Disorders (p. 917) Student Project: Diagnosing a “Star” (p. 918) Feature Films and TV: Introducing Psychological Disorders (p. 917) Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Defining Psychological Disorders Lecture/Discussion Topic/Lecture Break: The Self-Diagnosis Phenomenon (p. 918) NEW Classroom Exercises: Introducing Psychological Disorders (p. 919) Defining Psychological Disorder (p. 920) Student Project: Encounters With a “Mentally Ill” Person (p. 920) Student Projects/Classroom Exercises: Adult ADHD Screening Test (p. 920) Normality and the Sexes (p. 921) Worth Video Anthology: ADHD and the Family* Understanding Psychological Disorders Lecture/Discussion Topics: Tourette Syndrome (p. 921) UPDATED Culture-Bound Disorders (p. 922) Classroom Exercise: Multiple Causation (p. 922) Classifying Psychological Disorders Lecture/Discussion Topic: Mental Health as Flourishing (p. 924) Lecture/Discussion Topic/Lecture Break: Revising the DSM (p. 923) NEW Classroom Exercise: The Flourishing Scale (p. 925) NEW Worth Video Anthology: Gender Identity Disorder* PsychSim 5: Mystery Client (p. 925) (or could be used at the end of the psychological disorders discussion) Labeling Psychological Disorders Classroom Exercise: The Effects of Labeling (p. 925) Feature Film: In Cold Blood (p. 925) Worth Video Anthology: Postpartum Psychosis: The Case of Andrea Yates* Anxiety Disorders Classroom Exercise: Penn State Worry Questionnaire (p. 926) Worth Video Anthology: Anxiety Disorders* NEW Three Anxiety Disorders* Experiencing Anxiety* * Titles in the Worth Video Anthology are not described within the core resource unit. They are listed, with running times, in the Lecture Guides and described in detail in their Faculty Guide, which is available at www.worthpublishers.com/mediaroom.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Spouse-Based Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on the Treatment of Agoraphobia
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 6-1988 The Effects of Spouse-Based Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on the Treatment of Agoraphobia Joan Woods Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons, and the Mental Disorders Commons Recommended Citation Woods, Joan, "The Effects of Spouse-Based Cognitive-Behavior Therapy on the Treatment of Agoraphobia" (1988). Dissertations. 2200. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/2200 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECTS OF SPOUSE-BASED COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON THE TREATMENT OF AGORAPHOBIA by Joan Woods A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Psychology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 1988 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE EFFECTS OF SPOUSE-BASED COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY ON THE TREATMENT OF AGORAPHOBIA Joan Woods, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 1988 The purpose of this clinical research was to deter­ mine whether spouse-supported treatment of agoraphobia would result in greater improvement on measures of expo­ sure and avoidance than would individual treatment or no treatment. It was hypothesized that Couples Treatment subjects would demonstrate a significantly greater change from pretest to posttest than would Individual Treatment subjects or No-Treatment Control subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Efficacy of Cold Facial Immersion and the Diving Response in Treating Panic
    Ph.D. Doctoral Dissertation Peter Kyriakoulis School of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Health and Design, Swinburne University of Technology March 2019 The efficacy of cold facial immersion and the diving response in treating panic disorder Supervisors: Prof. David Liley, Dr. Mark Schier, Prof. Michael Kyrios & Prof. Greg Murray i Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................ ii Abstract ....................................................................................................... xii DECLARATION.............................................................................................. xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................. xv List of Tables ......................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... xvi List of Abbreviations........................................................................................ xxi Overview of Thesis ......................................................................................... xxiii Chapter 1 PANIC DISORDER ....................................................................... 1 Panic Disorder and Panic Attacks .................................................. 2 The Aetiology of Panic Disorder ..................................................... 5 Psychological Theories
    [Show full text]
  • ABC of Mental Health Anxiety Anthony S Hale
    Clinical review ABC of mental health Anxiety Anthony S Hale Although there is considerable overlap between the various anxiety disorders, it is important to make a diagnosis as they have different optimal treatments Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional state characterised by fearfulness and unwanted and distressing physical symptoms. It is a normal and appropriate response to stress but becomes pathological when it is disproportionate to the severity of the stress, continues after the stressor has gone, or occurs in the absence of any external stressor. Neurotic disorders with anxiety as a prominent symptom are common: a recent British survey found that 16% of the population suffered from some form of pathological anxiety. Anxiety disorders should be differentiated from stress reactions, in which anxiety may be a prominent feature. These include acute stress reactions—a rapid response (in minutes or hours) to sudden stressful life events, leading to anxiety with autonomic arousal and some disorientation—and adjustment reactions—slower responses to life events (such as loss of job, Prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult population* moving house, or divorce) that occur days or weeks later as symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and depression (without Percentage of population biological symptoms). These are generally self limiting and are Disorder Female Male Total helped by reassurance, ventilation, and problem solving. A more profound stress reaction, post-traumatic stress disorder, is Generalised anxiety disorder 5 4 5 described below. Phobic disorders 2 1 2 Until recently, the commonest response to a presentation of anxiety has been to prescribe a benzodiazepine. This has been Panic disorder 1 1 1 much criticised and alternatives have been evaluated, including Obsessive-compulsive disorder 2 1 2 almost all the available antidepressants and psychological treatments, especially cognitive behaviour therapy.
    [Show full text]
  • Anxiety and Phobias
    A Special Health Report from Harvard Medical School Coping with ANXIETY AND PHOBIAS In this report • Recognizing and treating common anxiety disorders • The most effective medications and therapies • Managing panic attacks • Advice for worriers Harvard • Anxiety and sleep: Tips for Medical overcoming insomnia School Price: $24.00 Coping with Anxiety and Phobias A Special Health Report Harvard Medical School Publications Faculty Medical Advisor Special Health Reports Michael Mufson, M.D. Harvard Medical School publishes Special Assistant Professor of Psychiatry Health Reports on a wide range of topics. To Harvard Medical School order other reports or additional copies of this report, please see the order form at the back of this report. Editor Ann Marie Dadoly To obtain multiple-copy discount rates, please write or call: Writer Consumer Health Publishing Group Susan Gilbert Attn: SR Bulk Orders 1100 Summer St., 2nd Floor Editor, Special Health Reports Stamford, CT 06905 Kathleen Cahill Allison (203) 975-8854, ext. 110 Newsletters Illustrator Harvard Medical School publishes the Scott Leighton following monthly newsletters: Harvard Health Letter Copy Editor Harvard Heart Letter James Clyde Sellman Harvard Men’s Health Watch Harvard Women’s Health Watch Production Coordinator Harvard Mental Health Letter Amy E. Yeager Books Published by Harvard Medical School Books published by Harvard Medical School Anthony L. Komaroff, M.D., Editor in Chief include: The Arthritis Action Program: An Integrated Plan of Traditional and Complementary Therapies (Simon and Schuster, 2000) Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating (Simon and Schuster, 2001) Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide (Simon and Schuster, 1999) Healthy Women, Healthy Lives: A Guide to Copyright © 2002 by the President and Fellows of Preventing Disease from the Landmark Nurses’ Harvard College.
    [Show full text]