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Universiti Brunei Darussalam Faculty

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Universiti Brunei Darussalam Faculty NAME ALI NAJIB REG NO: 12M2604 INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM FACULTY: SCIENCE TASK: PROJECT REPORT (background information and literature survey) DATE OF SUBMISSION: 23rd.08.2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.0 History of Brunei.....................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Kampong Ayer……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 2.0 Background to the study……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 2.1 Malay Technology Museum……………………………………………..................................................................5 2.2 Traditional Technology at malay Technology Museum….................................................................... 5 2.2.1-14 The Different technologies used……………………………………………………………………………………………5-12 2.3Literature Review..................................................................................................................................13 References .......................................................... …………………………………………………………………………17 CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.0 History of Brunei Brunei officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam, is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo, in Southeast Asia.it is surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, and it is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. It is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo, with the remainder of the island belonging to Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 401,890 in July 2011. The official national history claims that Brunei can trace its beginnings to the 7th century, when it was a subject state of the Srivijayan empire. It later became a vassal state of Majapahit empire before converting to Islam in the 15th century. At the peak of its empire, the sultanate had control that extended over the coastal regions of modern-day Sarawakand Sabah, the Sulu archipelago, and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The thalassocracy was visited by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 and fought the Castille War in 1578 against Spain. Its empire began to decline with the forced ceding of Sarawak to James Brooke and the ceding of Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. After the loss of Limbang, Brunei finally became a British protectorate in 1888, receiving a resident in 1906. In the years after the Japanese wartime occupation during World War II, it formalised a constitution and fought an armed rebellion. Brunei regained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1970s and 1990s, averaging 56% from 1999 to 2008, has transformed Brunei Darussalam into a newly industrialized country. Brunei has the second highest Human Development Index among the South East Asia nations after Singapore, and is classified as a developed country. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brunei is ranked 5th in the world by gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. 1.1 Kampong Ayer (Water Village) Kampong Ayer, or the Water Village (Malay: Kampong Ayer) is an area of Brunei's capital city Banda Seri Begawan that is situated after the Brunei Bay. 39,000 people live in the Water Village. This represents roughly ten percent of the nation's total population. All of the Water Village buildings are constructed on stilts above the Brunei River. People have lived in Kampong Ayer for over 1300 years. According to geography professor Abdul Aziz of the Universiti Brunei Darussalam, this is the largest and most famous water settlement of Southeast Asia. "It was historically the very core of Brunei and one of the most important centres of trade in Borneo. The Water Village is really made up of small villages linked together by more than 29,140 meters of foot-bridges, consisting of over 4200 structures including homes, mosques, restaurants, shops, schools, and a hospital. 36 kilometers of boardwalks connect the buildings. Private water taxis provide rapid transit. Most of these taxis resemble long wooden speed boats. From a distance the water village looks like a slum. It actually enjoys modern amenities including air conditioning, satellite television, Internet access, plumbing, and electricity. Some of the residents keep potted plants and chickens. The district has a unique architectural heritage of wooden homes with ornate interiors. The villages in Water Village are Mukim Sungai Kedayan including Bukit Salat, Sumbiling Lama, Sungai Kedayan 'A', Sungai Kedayan 'B', Ujong Tanjong and Kuala Peminyak; Mukim Tamoi including Tamoi Ujong, Tamoi Tengah, Pengiran Kerma Indera Lama, Pengiran Tajuddin Hitam, Ujong Bukit/Limbongan, Pengiran Bendahara Lama; Mukim Burong Pingai Ayer including Burong Pingai Ayer, Lurong Dalam, Pandai Besi 'A', Pandai Besi 'B', Sungai Pandan 'A', Sungai Pandan 'B', and Pengiran Setia Negara, Pekan Lama; Mukim Peramu including Peramu, Pekilong Muara, Bakut Pengiran Siraja Muda ' A', Bakut Pengiran Siraja Muda 'B', Bakut Berumput and Lurong Sikuna; Mukim Saba including Saba Tengah, Saba Ujong, Saba Laut, Saba Darat 'A' and Saba Darat 'B'. Mukim Sungai Kebun including Setia 'A', Sungai Siamas/Ujong Klinik, Setia 'B' Sungai Kebun, Bolkiah 'A' and Bolkiah 'B'. It is no surprising that most of the people who stayed at kampong Ayer formed the basis or foundation of Brunei due to the traditions they had and some being practiced up to the present. The people here developed most of the technologies ie the Traditional technology like Kris- the Malay’s weapon and among others. 2.0 Background to the study Traditional technology at malay technology museum Traditional technology at malay technology museum ie the digital museum which is the action taken by museums to change the traditional ways of how to preserve, manage, market and display of products by using modern technologies like computer which can be accessible all over the world with no interference or sometimes physical visit to the museum. The continuing acceleration in the digitization of information, combined with the increasing capacity of digital information storage, is causing the traditional model of museums (i.e. as static “collections of collections” of three-dimensional specimens and artifacts) to expand to include virtual exhibits and high-resolution images of their collections for perusal, study, and exploration from any place with Internet connectivity.. 2.1 Malay Technology Museum Malay technology museum is located next to the Brunei Museum at Kota Batu, 7 km from Bandar Seri Begawan. The Malay Technology Museum is a rich tapestry of early Brunei history and culture. it was deemed as a dedicated national museum to fill a "gap" in Brunei Darussalam's cultural landscape. The building of the museum, designed specifically to showcase the traditional lifestyle of Brunei's local communities from the 1880s to 1950s, is a step towards bridging understanding between the old and new generation in appreciating the country's history. The museum is among the nation's custodian in keeping, restoring, recording and exhibiting various traditional techniques and systems practiced by the country's forefathers. In particular, it is a museum that will showcase the early lifestyles of Bruneians living in the rural areas and Kampong Ayer as seen through their collection of everyday tools, gadgets and gears. The idea for the museum was first mooted in 1982 by the Royal Dutch Shell Group that was considering a suitable endowment to His Majesty's government and the people of Brunei Darussalam. The museum was to be the company's mark of appreciation for the long and prosperous relationship it had with the country as well as to commemorate the nation's resumption of full independence from Britain. Once the proposed design and layout of the building was approved, construction began in 1985, and the museum was completed in November 1986. It comprises two blocks. The three-storey building houses two exhibition halls and a foyer while the two-storey block contains an exhibition hall on its upper floor and administrative offices and stores on the ground floor. The architect firm, Ho Kwong Yew and Sons, designed the museum; while Fong Leong Contractor Limited built it. The Malay Technology Museum was officially handed over to His Majesty's government on December, 2, 1986, during which His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah, Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, consented to accept a bronze key in a symbolic presentation from Keith MacKrell, a representative of the Royal Dutch Shell Group. His Majesty then proceeded to officially declare the museum open on February 29, 1988. There are three galleries in the museum: "Traditional Houses of Kampong Ayer", "Traditional Technology of Kampong Ayer" and "Traditional Technology of Interior Communities". The gallery of the "Traditional Houses of Kampong Ayer" displays models of traditional houses in the water villages built in the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. There are six houses, each with its own architectural style, design, and construction materials, namely rumah belah bubung (single ridged-roofed house), rumah beloteng (house with attic), rumah atap tungkup (house with a pyramid shaped roof), a house with walls made of beaten bamboo and nipah leaves, and another made of sawn timber planks and iron wood. Local handicrafts and cottage industries found in Kampong Ayer
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