Film Anime Dragon Ball Sebagai Media Diplomasi

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Film Anime Dragon Ball Sebagai Media Diplomasi FILM ANIME DRAGON BALL SEBAGAI MEDIA DIPLOMASI BUDAYA JEPANG DRAGON BALL ANIME FILM AS A MEDIUM OF JAPANESE CULTURAL DIPLOMACY Ramadana Alien Jaya Setyasih Harini,S.IP, M.Si Drs. GPH Dipokusumo, M.Si Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Slamet Riyadi Surakarta ABSTRACT This research analyzes and explains how the influence of anime films on Japanese cultural diplomacy. As for the background of this writing because the anime film is one of Japan's popular culture that is easily accepted by the world community and is experiencing growth in this modern era. Japan is a country that routinely conducts cultural diplomacy. Japan believes that a cultural approach can build good relations between Japan and other countries. Japanese cultural diplomacy tends to use popular culture such as anime, manga, music, or fashion. This research focuses on the Dragon Ball anime film because this anime is one of the successful anime films abroad and the main character was chosen as one of the mascots of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Based on this, this study aims to find out how the Dragon Ball anime film influences as a diplomatic media Japanese culture. This research was examined using the theory of cultural diplomacy. This research method uses descriptive qualitative research methods with secondary data collection. From the research conducted, the researchers found that the Dragon Ball anime film as a medium of cultural diplomacy had a positive impact on enhancing Japan's positive image and foreign relations. The success of this cultural diplomacy can be seen from the high sales of anime-themed products and the increasing number of foreign tourists visiting Japan. Keyword : Anime, Pop Culture, Cultural Diplomacy A. Latar Belakang kesuksesan waktu itu adalah Astro Boy karya Ozamu Tezuka. Pada tahun 1980-an Film anime memiliki sejarah film anime Dragon Ball (Doragon Boru) panjang sebelum menjadi populer di awal karya Akira Toriyama muncul pertama kali abad ke 20. Anime diambil dari kata dalam pertelevisian. animation, penyebutan bahasa Jepangnya animeshon yang disingkat menjadi anime. Peneliti mengambil studi kasus Pada tahun 1917 anime pertama kali diplomasi budaya melalui film anime muncul dengan judul Mokuzo Genkanban Dragon Ball karena serial anime ini no Maki yang diciptakan oleh Oten mendapat kesuksesan besar di dunia dan Shimokawa. Tahun 1963 bisa dikatakan anime ini mengubah gaya produksi film sebagai kesuksesan pertama bagi dunia anime di masa setelahnya, bahkan di film animasi, film pertama yang meraih layar lebar terbarunya di tahun 2018 yang Page 1 of 12 bejudul Dragon Ball Super:Broly berhasil bahwa film anime memiliki dua urgensi, mendapatkan pendapatan mencapai US$ pertama anime merupakan bagian kunci 100 juta atau sekitar Rp 1,4 triliun dari dari budaya visual Jepang. Kedua, film seluruh dunia yang sekaligus anime berperan penting dalam menjadikannya sebagai franchise Dragon pembentukan mediascape global, baik Ball paling sukses di dunia. Tokoh utama cetak maupun elektronik(MacWilliams, dalam serial Dragon Ball Son Goku juga 2008, hal. 6). telah resmi di daulat sebagai salah satu Berdasarkan latar belakang karakter anime untuk menjadi maskot tersebut, peneliti berniat untuk meneliti Olimpiade Tokyo tahun 2020. Keseriusan peran dari sebuah film anime dalam pemerintah Jepang dalam menyebarkan diplomasi budaya yang digunakan oleh pop culture sendiri juga sudah mendapat Jepang. Menurut peneliti film anime dukungan penuh dari Perdana Menteri Dragon Ball bisa dibilang sebagai pembuka Jepang Shinzo Abe (Mofa.go.jp, 2017). pintu gerbang terhadap dunia anime Serial anime merupakan salah satu Jepang. Ada banyak film anime yang budaya populer Jepang yang digemari oleh sukses di Jepang, alasan kenapa peneliti semua kalangan masyarakat di seluruh memilih Dragon Ball salah satunya adalah dunia. Banyak serial kartun yang diciptakan karena Dragon Ball merupakan film anime oleh negara Jepang sukses dan menjadi yang mendapatkan kesuksesan dan populer di kalangan masyarakat, penggemar yang besar di dunia. Film selain contohnya; Dragon Ball, Naruto, One membawa hiburan juga memiliki peran Piece, Bleach dll. Seiring dengan membawa norma dan diplomasi budaya terkenalnya film-film tersebut maka nama kepada penontonnya. Film juga bisa negara Jepang ikut melambung di seluruh dikatakan sebagai agen pertama dalam dunia, bahkan dapat dikatakan industri menyebarkan dan memeperkenalkan perfilman Jepang tergolong maju baik budaya negara itu ke negara-negara kartun (Anime) atau Drama. Elemen- lainnya. elemen budaya populer Jepang ini sangat B. Dasar Teori efektif terutama di Asia misalnya negara- negara ASEAN, Hongkong, Korea Selatan Diplomasi Budaya dan lain-lain. Hal ini didukung dengan Diplomasi Budaya dapat dibedakan penayangan serial film anime di negara- menjadi 2 jenis yaitu secara mikro dan negara tersebut melalui televisi, penyebaran makro. Diplomasi budaya mikro budaya anime dianggap serius oleh Jepang merupakan diplomasi yang sering di semenjak menunjuk Doraemon sebagai dengarkan oleh masyarakat awam seperti duta anime pada tahun 2008 silam (Shakti, adanya pertukaran delegasi dalam hal 2013, hal. 67). kesenian antar negara. sedangkan untuk Setiap film anime di Jepang selalu diplomasi budaya makro merupakan memasukkan budaya Jepang dalam diplomasi budaya dengan makna lebih luas filmnya, contohnya seperti kuliner yang meliputi ideologi, nasionalisme atau makanan, adat budaya di negara Jepang, globalisasi. (Warsito & Kartikasari, 2007, pakaian tradisional dll (BBC.com, 2019). hal. 16). Dalam prakteknya diplomasi MacWilliams dalam bukunya menyebutkan budaya memiliki dua versi. Pertama, Page 2 of 12 diplomasi budaya hanya menyangkut untuk dikonsumsi secara massal. (Storey, pemanfaatan kebudayaan untuk 2010, hal. 13). mendukung pelaksanaan politik luar negeri. Berkembangnya budaya ini tidak Dalam hal itu diplomasi budaya harus lepas dari semakin majunya teknologi dibedakan dari pemanfaatan kebudayaan di internet yang setiap hari semakin luar kerangka politik luar negeri, misalnya berkembang dan masyarakat dapat untuk kepentingan pariwisata. Kedua, mengakses informasi dengan lebih cepat. manfaaat diplomasi budaya baik dalam Sulit bagi negara untuk memisahkan hal praktik politik luar negeri maupun tersebut, sehingga perlu adanya kebijakan kepentingan pariwisata atau dengan kata dari pemerintah untuk mengembangkan lain pariwisata merupakan bagian dari strategi yang efektif dalam diplomasi budaya. Dari kedua versi tersebut mempromosikan diplomasi budaya dapat dilihat bahwa diplomasi budaya dapat menggunakan teknologi informasi beserta dilaksanakan oleh negara tanpa kebijakan budaya tersebut (Kim, 2011, hal. memandang apakah itu negara superpower 12). Dalam penelitian ini, fungsi dari teori atau negara berkembang (Harini, 2016, hal. diplomasi budaya adalah untuk melihat 4). Diplomasi Budaya menurut Storey perkembangan diplomasi budaya Jepang memiliki beberapa makna, antara lain : melalui salah satu budaya populernya yaitu a. Budaya populer merupakan budaya yang film anime. Peneliti melihat diplomasi disukai oleh banyak orang. Hal ini tampak budaya Jepang merupakan cara efektif dari tingkat penjualan buku, Dvd/BlueRay, untuk menarik minat bangsa lain atau tingkat kehadiran dalam konser-konser meningkatkan pemahaman positif dari musik, dan festival. dunia internasional terhadap negara Jepang. b. Budaya populer dapat dimaknai sebagai C. Metode Penelitian budaya yang inferior. Budaya populer Dalam mengkaji dan menganalisis dalam hal ini merupakan produk-produk penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian seperti teks, karya atau tindakan yang tidak kualitatif. Metode penelitian kualitatif tergolong dalam high culture. Budaya yang menurut Stake lebih berfokus terhadap tergolong dalam high culture memiliki sifat bagaimana peneliti mengambil sikap eksklusif dan hanya dapat dipahami oleh fleksibel, memperhatikan bagaimana orang-orang tertentu saja. Sehingga, proses, mempertahankan fokus pada apa budaya populer dapat dikatakan sebagai yang di pelajari. Penelitian kualitatif budaya yang inferior. menurut Stake juga memerlukan c. Budaya populer sering diartikan sebagai pengalaman dalam mengambil nilai dan ‘mass culture’ atau budaya massal. Definisi proses yang akan digunakan dalam studi ini sendiri merujuk pada definisi kasus tersebut. Sebuah studi kasus dipilih sebelumnya yakni budaya populer karena menarik bagi diri sendiri atau dapat merupakan budaya yang disukai oleh memfasilitasi mengenai pemahaman baru, banyak orang. Budaya populer berdasarkan hal ini sangat penting dalam memberikan definisi ini menegaskan bahwa budaya suatu wawasan tentang suatu masalah populer merupakan budaya yang dihasilkan (Stake, 2010, hal. 27). Pada penelitian ini sumber data yang digunakan penulis berupa Page 3 of 12 data sekunder yang dikumpulkan dari Osamu Tezuka adalah mangaka informasi yang didapatkan dari buku, legendaris yang menciptakan anime Astro jurnal, dokumen, dan bahan dari internet. Boy dan merupakan anime pertama yang Adapun objek penelitian yang penulis disiarkan oleh televisi nasional Jepang pada fokuskan yaitu, bagaimana sebuah karya tahun 1963. Astro Boy merupakan awal film anime bisa menjadi agen utama dalam kesuksesan film anime di kancah nasional diplomasi budaya negara Jepang ke dunia maupun internasional yang kemudian Internasional pada tahun 2016 - 2018. Salah disusul oleh munculnya Mobile Suit satu film anime yang peneliti ambil dari Gundam, Sailor Moon dan Dragon ball, yaitu Dragon Ball. mulai memasuki tahun 1980-an kepopuleran
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