DOCSLIB.ORG

Beyond the Digital Conversion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beyond the Digital Conversion Beyond the Digital Conversion The Integration of Information Technology and Professional Media 31 March 2014 The Convergence of 2 Industries - The Adoption of Information Technology by the Professional Media Industry Report of the SMPTE Study Group on Media Production System Network Architecture Copyright © 2014 by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ®, Inc. (SMPTE ®). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, with the express written permission of the publisher. Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers® 3 Barker Avenue White Plains, NY 10601 USA www.smpte.org Beyond the Digital Conversion The Integration of Information Technology and Professional Media The Convergence of 2 Industries - The Adoption of Information Technology by the Professional Media Industry Report of the SMPTE Study Group on Media Production System Network Architecture Report of the SMPTE® Study Group on Media Production System Network Architecture, 31 March 2014 Page 1 © 2014 by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers® (SMPTE®) – All Rights Reserved. Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers® 3 Barker Avenue White Plains, NY 10601 USA www.smpte.org 27 March 2014 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 2. Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Introduction to the Professional Media Production Systems ................................................................................ 8 3.1. Introduction to the Broadcast Plant (for Information Technology Professionals) ........................................ 9 3.1.1. The Typical Broadcast Plant Today ........................................................................................................ 9 3.1.2. Today’s Digital Audio and Video Standards ......................................................................................... 10 3.1.3. Uncompressed Video over IP Standards .............................................................................................. 11 3.2. Typical Use Cases ......................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1. Television Production Control Room User Requirements and Expectations ....................................... 11 3.2.2. Remote Production Truck (OB Van) ..................................................................................................... 13 3.2.3. Television Master Control Rooms, User Requirements and Expectations .......................................... 13 3.2.4. Time and Synchronization with IP ....................................................................................................... 18 3.2.5. Digital Audio Distribution Over IP ........................................................................................................ 18 3.2.6. Edit Rooms ........................................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.7. Remote Feeds from a Live Event ......................................................................................................... 22 3.3. Successful Implementations ........................................................................................................................ 22 3.3.1. Use of JPEG 2000 over IP at Big Ten Network ..................................................................................... 22 3.3.2. Additional Uses of JPEG 2000 over IP .................................................................................................. 23 3.3.3. Electronic News Gathering over Packet Switched Networks ............................................................... 23 © 2014 by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers® (SMPTE®) – All Rights Reserved. Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers® 3 Barker Avenue White Plains, NY 10601 USA www.smpte.org 3.4. The Requirements of Professional Media Networks ................................................................................... 24 3.4.1. Real-time media delivery vs. file-based workflows ............................................................................. 25 3.4.2. Essence vs. control ............................................................................................................................... 25 3.5. Characteristics of Professional Media Systems ........................................................................................... 26 4. Managed Networks ............................................................................................................................................. 27 4.1. Managed Networks Basics ........................................................................................................................... 27 4.2. Main Features of Managed Networks ......................................................................................................... 28 4.3. Administration Aspects ................................................................................................................................ 29 5. The Convergence of Two Industries .................................................................................................................... 30 5.1. Differences between Professional Media and Information Technology ..................................................... 30 5.2. Common Ground ......................................................................................................................................... 31 6. Information Technology Solutions for Engineered Networks ............................................................................. 33 6.1. Network Models and Stacks ........................................................................................................................ 33 6.1.1. OSI Model ............................................................................................................................................ 33 6.1.2. Internet Protocol (IP) Stack .................................................................................................................. 34 6.1.3. Network Stacks (Conclusion) ............................................................................................................... 34 6.2. IP Addressing ............................................................................................................................................... 34 6.2.1. Subnetting ............................................................................................................................................ 35 6.2.2. IPv4 and IPv6 ........................................................................................................................................ 35 6.2.3. Address Management .......................................................................................................................... 35 6.2.4. In-band and Out of band management ............................................................................................... 36 6.3. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer ............................................................................................................................. 36 6.3.1. Ethernet ............................................................................................................................................... 36 6.3.2. IEEE 802.1 Audio Video Bridging (AVB) ................................................................................................ 36 6.3.2.1. IEEE Standard for Layer 2 Transport Protocol for Time Sensitive Applications in a Bridged LAN 39 © 2014 by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers® (SMPTE®) – All Rights Reserved. Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers® 3 Barker Avenue White Plains, NY 10601 USA www.smpte.org 6.3.3. Data Center Bridging ............................................................................................................................ 39 6.4. Name Resolution ......................................................................................................................................... 40 6.4.1. Static Name Assignment ...................................................................................................................... 40 6.4.2. Domain Name Services ........................................................................................................................ 40 6.4.3. Dynamic Addressing ............................................................................................................................ 41 6.4.4. The Handle System .............................................................................................................................. 41 6.5. Switching ...................................................................................................................................................... 42 6.6. Routing ......................................................................................................................................................... 42 6.6.1. Static Routing ......................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Publication Title 1-1962
    publication_title print_identifier online_identifier publisher_name date_monograph_published_print 1-1962 - AIEE General Principles Upon Which Temperature 978-1-5044-0149-4 IEEE 1962 Limits Are Based in the rating of Electric Equipment 1-1969 - IEEE General Priniciples for Temperature Limits in the 978-1-5044-0150-0 IEEE 1968 Rating of Electric Equipment 1-1986 - IEEE Standard General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electric Equipment and for the 978-0-7381-2985-3 IEEE 1986 Evaluation of Electrical Insulation 1-2000 - IEEE Recommended Practice - General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electrical Equipment and 978-0-7381-2717-0 IEEE 2001 for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulation 100-2000 - The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards 978-0-7381-2601-2 IEEE 2000 Terms, Seventh Edition 1000-1987 - An American National Standard IEEE Standard for 0-7381-4593-9 IEEE 1988 Mechanical Core Specifications for Microcomputers 1000-1987 - IEEE Standard for an 8-Bit Backplane Interface: 978-0-7381-2756-9 IEEE 1988 STEbus 1001-1988 - IEEE Guide for Interfacing Dispersed Storage and 0-7381-4134-8 IEEE 1989 Generation Facilities With Electric Utility Systems 1002-1987 - IEEE Standard Taxonomy for Software Engineering 0-7381-0399-3 IEEE 1987 Standards 1003.0-1995 - Guide to the POSIX(R) Open System 978-0-7381-3138-2 IEEE 1994 Environment (OSE) 1003.1, 2004 Edition - IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) - 978-0-7381-4040-7 IEEE 2004 Base Definitions 1003.1, 2013
    [Show full text]
  • TR 102 376 V1.1.1 (2005-02) Technical Report
    ETSI TR 102 376 V1.1.1 (2005-02) Technical Report Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) User guidelines for the second generation system for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2) European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision EBU·UER 2 ETSI TR 102 376 V1.1.1 (2005-02) Reference DTR/JTC-DVB-166 Keywords broadband, broadcasting, digital, satellite, TV, video ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • XMOS for AVB Ethernet Based Networking for Audio/Video
    Only a few years ago, computer networks were complex beasts tended by special acolytes and running on different standards. Today they have become commonplace in many homes and offices, simply plugged together using Ethernet technology. The same revolutionary change is coming for Audio/Video (AV) networking, as AVB (Audio XMOS for AVB: Video Bridging) products that run over the same network, Ethernet based networking begin to enter the market. for Audio/Video Putting together networks of AV equipment for professional and consumer use, or for use in How Ethernet Works vehicles, is about to become simpler while also Within Ethernet, data is transmitted between delivering better quality. No longer will devices (such as a computer and a printer) in specialist connectors and cables be needed to packets. Each packet carries one or more create a rats' nest of connectivity. Instead addresses for its destination. Like a postal packet traversing the postal system, the network has no Audio Video Bridging (AVB), a set of knowledge of what is in the packet, but uses the international standards, will make setting up address to pass the packet to the next point in the and managing networks almost as simple as network. just plugging together the different elements. In an Ethernet based network, each endpoint Sound and video sources will be mixed and (computer, storage element, printer etc.) is distributed to screens and speakers, with high identified by a unique address and has a single quality, low latency and tight synchronization. connection to the network, through an Ethernet Furthermore, the connectors and cables are switch.
    [Show full text]
  • Software Architecture for a Multiple AVB Listener and Talker Scenario
    Software Architecture for a Multiple AVB Listener and Talker Scenario Christoph Kuhr and Alexander Car^ot Department of Computer Sciences and Languages, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Lohmannstr. 23, 06366 K¨othen, Germany, fchristoph.kuhr, [email protected] Abstract 1.2 Concept for a Realtime Processing Cloud This paper presents a design approach for an AVB network segment deploying two differ- A specialized and scalable server infrastructure ent types of AVB server for multiple paral- is required to provide the realtime streaming re- lel streams. The first type is an UDP proxy quirements of this research project. The ser- server and the second server type is a digital vice time property of an Ethernet frame arriv- signal processing server. The Linux real time ing on a serial network interface at the wide area operating system configurations are discussed, network (WAN) side of this server cloud, is of as well as the software architecture itself and paramount importance for the software design. the integration of the Jack audio server. A During the service time of a single UDP stream proper operation of the JACK server, along- datagram, no concurrent stream datagrams can side two JACK clients, in this multiprocess- be received. Thus, the latencies of all streams ing environment could be shown, although a arriving on such an interface are accumulated. persisting buffer leak prevents significant jitter In addition to connecting the 60 streams to and latency measurements. A coarse assessment each other, the Soundjack cloud provides dig- shows however, that the operations are within ital signal processing algorithms for audio and reasonable bounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremexos® Operating System
    Data Sheet Highlights ExtremeXOS has a robust set of Layer 2 and Layer 3 control protocols, provides a flexible architecture for highly resilient networks and has been designed to support the nextgeneration Internet Protocol, IPv6. ExtremeXOS is a highly available and extensible software foundation for converged networks. ExtremeXOS offers high availability for carriergrade voice and video services over IP and for supporting mission- critical business applications such as CRM. • Modular Operating System • High Availability Architecture • Rich set of Layer-2 and Layer-3 ® protocols and features ExtremeXOS Operating System • Secure Network Access through role Version 16.2, 21.1, 22.7, and 30.4 based policy or Identity Management • Extensibility • Integrated Security with NetLogin, Overview MAC Security, IP Security Extreme Networks has created the ExtremeXOS modular Operating • User, location, and time-based System (OS) – for highly available, extensible, high-performance networks. dynamic security policies with ExtremeXOS high availability architecture with EAPS protocol helps reduce Identity Management network downtime for business continuity and access to mission-critical • Insight, control and automation for applications such as CRM, data warehouses and VoIP for carrier and voice virtualized data centers with XNV grade networks. (ExtremeXOS Network Virtualization) • Enhanced resiliency, Built-in security capabilities provide network access control integrated with synchronization, performance for endpoint integrity checking, identity management, and protection for the 2G/3G/4G mobile backhaul network control and management planes. • ExtremeXOS InSite SDK Software Defined Networking Ready with With ExtremeXOS you can extend the capabilities of your network by OpenFlow and OpenStack support integrating specialized application appliances such as security devices into • Ethernet Audio Video Bridging the network, providing insight and control at the network, application and (AVB) enabled user level.
    [Show full text]
  • 7-Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch with Audio Video Bridging and Two RGMII/MII/RMII Interfaces
    KSZ9567R 7-Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch with Audio Video Bridging and Two RGMII/MII/RMII Interfaces Highlights • Five Integrated PHY Ports - 1000BASE-T/100BASE-TX/10BASE-Te IEEE 802.3 • Non-blocking wire-speed Ethernet switching fabric - Fast Link-up option significantly reduces link-up time • Full-featured forwarding and filtering control, includ- - Auto-negotiation and Auto-MDI/MDI-X support ing Access Control List (ACL) filtering - On-chip termination resistors and internal biasing for • Full VLAN and QoS support differential pairs to reduce power • Five ports with integrated 10/100/1000BASE-T PHY - LinkMD® cable diagnostic capabilities for determining transceivers cable opens, shorts, and length • Two ports with 10/100/1000 Ethernet MACs and con- • Advanced Switch Capabilities figurable RGMII/MII/RMII interfaces - IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support for 128 active VLAN • IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) support groups and the full range of 4096 VLAN IDs - IEEE 802.1p/Q tag insertion/removal on per port basis • IEEE 802.1AS/Qav Audio Video Bridging (AVB) - VLAN ID on per port or VLAN basis • IEEE 802.1X access control support - IEEE 802.3x full-duplex flow control and half-duplex • EtherGreen™ power management features, back pressure collision control including low power standby - IEEE 802.1X access control 2 • Flexible management interface options: SPI, I C, (Port-based and MAC address based) MIIM, and in-band management via any port - IGMP v1/v2/v3 snooping for multicast packet filtering • Industrial temperature range support - IPv6
    [Show full text]
  • Schedulability Analysis of Ethernet Audio Video Bridging Networks with Scheduled Traffic Support
    Real-Time Syst DOI 10.1007/s11241-017-9268-5 Schedulability analysis of Ethernet Audio Video Bridging networks with scheduled traffic support Mohammad Ashjaei1 · Gaetano Patti2 · Moris Behnam1 · Thomas Nolte1 · Giuliana Alderisi2 · LuciaLoBello2 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The IEEE Audio Video Bridging (AVB)technology is nowadays under con- sideration in several automation domains, such as, automotive, avionics, and industrial communications. AVB offers several benefits, such as open specifications, the exis- tence of multiple providers of electronic components, and the real-time support, as AVB provides bounded latency to real-time traffic classes. In addition to the above men- tioned properties, in the automotive domain, comparing with the existing in-vehicle networks, AVB offers significant advantages in terms of high bandwidth, signifi- cant reduction of cabling costs, thickness and weight, while meeting the challenging EMC/EMI requirements. Recently, an improvement of the AVB protocol, called the AVB ST, was proposed in the literature, which allows for supporting scheduled traffic, i.e., a class of time-sensitive traffic that requires time-driven transmission and low latency. In this paper, we present a schedulability analysis for the real-time traffic crossing through the AVB ST network. In addition, we formally prove that, if the bandwidth in the network is allocated according to the AVB standard, the schedula- bility test based on response time analysis will fail for most cases even if, in reality, these cases are schedulable. In order to provide guarantees based on analysis test a bandwidth over-reservation is required.
    [Show full text]
  • Stellarium for Cultural Astronomy Research
    RESEARCH The Simulated Sky: Stellarium for Cultural Astronomy Research Georg Zotti Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology, Vienna, Austria [email protected] Susanne M. Hoffmann Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Michael-Stifel-Center/ Institut für Informatik and Physikalisch- Astronomische Fakultät, Jena, Germany [email protected] Alexander Wolf Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia [email protected] Fabien Chéreau Stellarium Labs, Toulouse, France [email protected] Guillaume Chéreau Noctua Software, Hong Kong [email protected] Abstract: For centuries, the rich nocturnal environment of the starry sky could be modelled only by analogue tools such as paper planispheres, atlases, globes and numerical tables. The immer- sive sky simulator of the twentieth century, the optomechanical planetarium, provided new ways for representing and teaching about the sky, but the high construction and running costs meant that they have not become common. However, in recent decades, “desktop planetarium programs” running on personal computers have gained wide attention. Modern incarnations are immensely versatile tools, mostly targeted towards the community of amateur astronomers and for knowledge transfer in transdisciplinary research. Cultural astronomers also value the possibili- ties they give of simulating the skies of past times or other cultures. With this paper, we provide JSA 6.2 (2020) 221–258 ISSN (print) 2055-348X https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.17822 ISSN (online) 2055-3498 222 Georg Zotti et al. an extended presentation of the open-source project Stellarium, which in the last few years has been enriched with capabilities for cultural astronomy research not found in similar, commercial alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Returns to Investment in Education
    WPS8402 Policy Research Working Paper 8402 Public Disclosure Authorized Returns to Investment in Education A Decennial Review of the Global Literature Public Disclosure Authorized George Psacharopoulos Harry Antony Patrinos Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Education Global Practice April 2018 Policy Research Working Paper 8402 Abstract Returns to investment in education based on human higher education have increased over time, raising issues capital theory have been estimated systematically since of financing and equity. Social returns to schooling remain the 1950s. In the 60-plus year history of such estimates, high, above 10 percent at the secondary and higher educa- there have been several compilations in the literature. This tion levels. Women continue to experience higher average paper reviews and highlights the latest trends and patterns rates of return to schooling, showing that girls’ education based on a database of 1,120 estimates in 139 countries. remains a priority. Returns are higher in low-income The review shows that the private average global rate of countries. Those employed in the private sector of the return to one extra year of schooling is about 9 percent economy enjoy higher returns than those in the public a year and very stable over decades. Private returns to sector, lending support to the productive value of education. This paper is a product of the Education Global Practice. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://econ.worldbank.org.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Crisis, Health Systems and Health in Europe
    Economic crisis…Europe fin.qxp_Layout 1 26/06/2015 08:28 Page 1 Economic Crisis, Health Systems European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Series and Health in Europe Impact and implications for policy Economic shocks pose a threat to health and health system E c performance by increasing people’s need for health care and o n making access to care more difficult – a situation compounded o by cuts in public spending on health and other social services. m i But these negative effects can be avoided by timely public c policy action. While important public policy levers lie outside C a r n the health sector, in the hands of those responsible for fiscal i s d policy and social protection, the health system response is i s Economic Crisis, H , critical. e H a This book looks at how health systems in Europe reacted to e l a t h pressure created by the financial and economic crisis that began l t Health Systems and h in 2008. Drawing on the experience of over 45 countries, the i n S authors: E y u s t analyse health system responses to the crisis in three policy r Health in Europe e • o m areas: public funding for the health system; health coverage; p e and health service planning, purchasing and delivery s Impact and implications for policy • assess the impact of these responses on health systems and population health M T h l o identify policies most likely to sustain the performance of a d • m health systems facing financial pressure o s v o s n k , y explore the political economy of implementing reforms in a , • F i M crisis g u a e r e The book is essential reading for anyone who wants to r a s s s o understand the choices available to policy-makers – and the , , E C implications of failing to protect health and health-system v y e l t u performance – in the face of economic and other forms of shock.
    [Show full text]
  • ORPHEUS Deliverable Template
    Grant Agreement No.: 687645 Research and Innovation action Call Topic: H2020 ICT-19-2015 Object-based broadcasting – for European leadership in next generation audio experiences D4.1: Requirements for Representation, Archiving and Provision of Object-based Audio Version: v1.4 Deliverable type R (Document, report) Dissemination level PU (Public) Due date 01/06/2016 Submission date 17/06/2016 Lead editor Andreas Silzle (FHG) Authors Andrew Mason (BBC), Michael Meier (IRT), Simone Füg (FHG), Andreas Silzle (FHG) Reviewers Niels Bogaards (Elephantcandy), Halid Hrasnica (EURES) Work package, Task WP 4, T4.1, T4.2, and T4.3 Keywords File and streaming formats, BW64, meta data, ADM, MPEG-H Abstract This deliverable describes the requirements for representation, archiving and provision of object- based audio. Representation includes file and streaming formats for object-based audio. Provision is the distribution to end-user, including IP delivery, unicast streams and file downloads. For both file and streaming formats interoperable metadata have to be used. Among the requirements for the different formats are metadata support, existing standards, file size, compression, and support of advanced audio. The most important requirements for streaming formats are related to synchronization, existing standards, unicast and multicast transmission, latency, bitrate reduction, synchronization of audio signals, quality of service and specific requirements for streaming object- based audio metadata. Constrains and requirements of interoperability between
    [Show full text]
  • Marvell® Link Street® 88E6341 Product Brief
    Product Brief Marvell® Link Street® 88E6341 6 Port Ethernet Switch with 2500Base-X SerDes and Four 10/100/1000Mbps PHYs Overview The Marvell® Link Street® 88E6341 device is single-chip, 6-Port latest IEEE 802.1 Audio Video Bridging (AVB) identify and Ethernet Switch with four integrated 10/100/1000Mbps reserve the network resources for AVB/TSN traffic streams and Ethernet transceivers and one high speed SerDes interfaces supports precise isochronous streaming capability for reliable supporting 2500-BaseX, 1000Base-X, and SGMII. The device and quality audio/video transmission over Ethernet for today’s also includes an integrated microprocessor with internal real-time, high definition information and entertainment memory to enable smart or lightly managed switches without options. The AVB protocols enable timing sensitive streams the need of an external CPU. (such as digital video, audio, or industrial control traffic) to be sent over the Ethernet network with low latency and robust The high performance switch fabric provides line rate switching quality of Service guarantees. on all ports simultaneously while providing advanced switch functionality and QoS. The device includes a TCAM to enable flexible switch policing, including Access Control Lists (ACLs) and Policy Control Lists (PCLs). The 88E6341 also supports the Block Diagram TCAM CPU with RAM Packet Memory + MAC addr QoS Queue Controller 4-level QoS Per Port 802.1Qat SRP Aware Switching Engine AVB per Queue Ingress Shaping (802.1Qav/Qbv) AVB Policy 802.1AS IEEE 1588 Synchronous Ethernet 2.5Gbps/1Gbps RGMII/MII/RMII 4GE PHY SERDES/SGMII Key Features Features Benefits High performance, non-blocking, 6-port Ethernet Switch integrating: • Provides a complete Gigabit Ethernet switching solution for SOHO - Four 10/100/1000Mbps PHYs with Advanced Virtual Cable Tester routers and gateways.
    [Show full text]