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Ent11 3 301 303 Trja Russian Entomol. J. 11 (3): 301303 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2002 Notes on the genus Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with redescription of Ch. marilandia (Girault, 1917) from USA Çàìåòêè î ðîäå Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ñ ïåðåîïèñàíèåì Ch. marilandia (Girault, 1917) èç ÑØÀ V.A. Trjapitzin Â.À. Òðÿïèöûí Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034 Russia. Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé èíñòèòóò ÐÀÍ, Óíèâåðñèòåòñêàÿ íàá. 1, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã, 199034 Ðîññèÿ. KEY WORDS: Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae, Cheiloneurus, Ch. marilandia, taxonomy, USA. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae, Cheiloneurus, Ch. marilandia, òàêñîíîìèÿ, ÑØÀ. ABSTRACT: The holotype of Cheiloneurus mari- Some Vale of Enna, painted and arrad, landia (Girault, 1917) from USA is redescribed. Gener- Fresh and glorious in the flowing sun. al information on the genus Cheiloneurus Westwood, O men, me forgive if now Im proud: 1833, and especially on its Nearctic species is given. Ch. What was once a peri from Heaven amplicornis (Gahan, 1914) is regarded to be a junior Has now become my souls immortal child. subjective synonym of Ch. banksi (Howard, 1898), Thus, immortalitys mine, for this Im given. syn.n. Ch. giraulti, nom.n. pro Ch. pulcher (Girault, Since that time this species has never been collected. 1911) non Ch. pulcher (Ashmead, 1904) is proposed. Noyes & Wooley [1994] studied the holotype ofHabrole- popteryx marilandia and found that the insect belonged ÐÅÇÞÌÅ:  ñòàòüå ïåðåîïèñàí ãîëîòèï Cheilo- to the genus Cheiloneurus, although they did not re- neurus marilandia (Girault, 1917) èç ÑØÀ. Ïðèâåäåíà describe it. Among species of the genus, Ch. marilandia èíôîðìàöèÿ î ðîäå Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833, â occupies an isolated position. However, in 1995, I îñîáåííîñòè î åãî íåàðêòè÷åñêèõ âèäàõ. Ch. ampli- collected, in the mountains of Sierra Madre Occidental cornis (Gahan, 1914) ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ êàê ìëàäøèé of the Biosphere Natural Reserve El Cielo (Mexico), ñóáúåêòèâíûé ñèíîíèì Ch. banksi (Howard, 1898), a similar, but apterous form. To ascertain whether this syn.n. Ïðåäëîæåíî íîâîå íàçâàíèå äëÿ Ch. giraulti, form represents an undescribed species closely related nom.n. pro Ch. pulcher (Girault, 1911) non Ch. pulcher to Ch. marilandia or directly belongs to the latter spe- (Ashmead, 1904). cies, it was necessary to redescribe the species from the USA. Therefore, I visited Washington in 2001 to study Introduction types of Nearctic species of Cheiloneurus and prepared a redescription of Ch. marilandia which is given below. Arsene A. Girault (18841941) collected a female of I also give here some recent information on the genus a new species of the genus Cheiloneurus in Glenn-Dale, Cheiloneurus.Description of an apterous form ofCheilo- Maryland, USA in 1917 and briefly described it as neurus sp. aff. marilandia from Mexico will be under- Habrolepopteryx marilandia in a private publication taken after evaluating its taxonomic position. [Girault, 1917]. He was strongly impressed by appear- ance of this encyrtid (dark body with yellowish-white Taxonomic part scutellum) that dedicated the following remarkable and inspiring verse to it: PON CATCHING HABROLEPOPTERYX Genus Cheiloneurus Westwood, 1833 To think that such a being as thou Lay hid from every mortal eye, Type species: Encyrtus elegans Dalman, 1820, by Century on century, till now monotypy [Synonyms: Chilonevrus Agassiz, 1846; I, Times child, by chance, seize thee and cry Chiloneurus Förster, 1856; Chrysopophagus Ashmead, Aloud, no man dost know what is mine, 1894; Blatticida Ashmead, 1904; Saronotum Perkins, For seemeth thou born of me, fruit of sighs 1906; Cristatithorax Girault, 1911; Eusemionella Gi- Such as Ceres did sigh for Proserpine. rault, 1915;Chrysopophagoides Girault, 1915; Parache- Come, see my lovely child, raped from iloneurus Girault, 1915; Epicheiloneurus Girault, 1915; 302 V.A. Trjapitzin Eusemionopsis Girault, 1918; Lepidoneurus Hoffer, by Hayat et al. [1975] and Khan & Agarwal [1978]. For 1957; Metacheiloneurus Hoffer, 1957]. New World species, only a review of Argentinian fauna The genus Cheiloneurus belongs to the subfamily exists [De Santis, 1964]. Cheiloneurus species of the Encyrtinae Walker, 1837, tribe Cheiloneurini Hoffer, Nearctic region are poorly studied, their descriptions 1955, and subtribe Cheiloneurina Hoffer, 1955 [Tr- being obsolete. The whole genus was never revised in japitzin, 1973; Trjapitzin & Gordh, 1978; Trjapitzin, this region, because the revision requires knowledge and 1989]. redescription of type materials. According to my unpublished data [V.A. Trjapitzin, As a preliminary result of my studies of types in the in litt.], 113 species of Cheiloneurus were described in National Museum of Natural History in Washington, the the world fauna. 31 species is known from Australian following 14 species of Cheiloneurus are recognized as Region including New Zealand, 29 species are recorded valid for the USA fauna: 1) Ch. albicornis (Howard, from Indo-Malayan Region, 20 in Palaearctic, 17 1881); 2) Ch. banksi (Howard, 1898); 3) Ch. compres- in Nearctic, 12 in Afrotropical, 10 in Neotropical sicornis (Ashmead, 1894); 4) Ch. cupreicollis (Ash- Region, and 2 in Oceania. mead, 1886); 5) Ch. cushmani Crawford, 1911; 6) Ch. As Prochiloneurus Silvestri, 1915, another wide- elegans (Dalman, 1820); 7) Ch. flaccus (Walker, 1847); spread genus of the subtribe Cheiloneurina, Cheiloneu- 8) Ch. giraulti Trjapitzin, nom.n. pro Ch. pulcher (Gi- rus is usually characterized by having a tuft of more or rault, 1911) non Ch. pulcher (Ashmead, 1904); 9) Ch. less long hairs on the apex of female scutellum. Howev- inimicus Compere, 1925; 10) Ch. kansensis (Girault, er, this tuft is absent in some species of Cheiloneurus, 1911); Ch. lineascapus Gahan, 1910; 12) Ch. marilan- for example, in Ch. submuticus (Thomson, 1876), Ch. dia (Girault, 1917); 13) Ch. noxius Compere, 1925; and flavoscutatus (Nikolskaya, 1952) and Ch. rediculus 14) Ch. swezeyi Ashmead, 1903. (Trjapitzin et Khlopunov, 1978), and in some members Cheiloneurus amplicornis (Gahan, 1914) appeared of Prochiloneurus, for example, in P. cabrerai Mercet, to be a junior subjective synonym of Cheiloneurus 1919. Cheiloneurus differs from Prochiloneurus in hav- banksi (Howard, 1898), syn.n. ing the VII abdominal sternite which does not reach apex Comparison between this list of Cheiloneurus spe- of the gaster. cies discovered in the Nearctic region with that of the All described species of Cheiloneurus are to be Palaearctic one [Trjapitzin, 1989] shows that according presumed hyperparasitoids of various insects. Among to our present knowledge these faunas share the only 113 species of this genus are known now in the world species, i.e. Ch. elegans (Dalman, 1820). fauna, 60 species, i.e. 53%, have been reared from secondary hosts. Most of species (41) were reared from Cheiloneurus marilandia (Girault, 1917) Homoptera, and among them 38 are known to have been Fig. 1 reared from Coccoidea. Some species of Cheiloneurus were reared from cocoons of Dryinidae (parasitoids of Girault, 1917: 12 (Habrolepopteryx); Peck, 1951: 479 (H. Auchenorrhyncha), puparia of Diptera, cocoons of marylandia, unjustified emendation); 1963: 352 (H. marylandia); Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), oothecae of Blattodea, etc. Gordh, 1979: 964 (Habrolepopteryx); Noyes & Woolley, 1994: 1331 However, secondary nature of parasitism was proved (Cheiloneurus). Type material. Holotype $: USA, Maryland, Glenn Dale, only for 12 species of Cheiloneurus. Immature stages of meadow, 21. V. 1917 (A.A. Girault). Dry insect. Head with Encyrtidae and Aphelinidae are usually recorded as antennae on the microscopic slide prepared by Girault and their primary hosts, but Ch. cyanonotus (Waterston, labelled: Type No. 21410, USNM. Habrolepopteryx marilan- 1917) was cited as hyperparasitoid of Psylloidea in dia Girault $ . Collection of the National Museum of Natural Africa, and Ch. elegans (Dalman, 1820) as hyperpar- History, Washington, D.C., USA. asitoid of the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor Say DESCRIPTION. Head (frontal view) slightly higher than wide (22.5: 22). Width of vertex about 1/4 maximum head (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) through the primary parasi- width. Malar space twice shorter than eye height. Antennae toid, Platygaster zosinae Walker (Hymenoptera: Platy- (Fig. 1) inserted near mouth margin. Distance between anten- gastridae) in North America. The range of secondary nal toruli a little less than that between torulus and eye margin hosts of Cheiloneurus species is therefore very broad, (5.5:6.5). Lower margin of head slightly concave, almost which is rather typical for hyperparasitoids. straight. Head width 2.44 times more than width of lower head Larvae have been studiedonly for 4 species ofCheilo- margin. Lateral edge of malar space nearly straight in frontal neurus: 1) Ch. bonariensis De Santis, 1986, parasitoid view. Pronotum conical, twice broader than long apically. of Dryinidae [De Santis & Virla, 1991]; 2) Ch. claviger Mesoscutum twice wider than long, about as long as prono- (Thomson, 1876), hyperparasitoid of Coccidae in the tum. Scutellum somewhat wider than long (13 : 10), as long former USSR [Saakian-Baranova et al., 1971]; 3) Ch. as mesoscutum. Forewings narrow, but not reduced. Gaster inimicus Compere, 1925 from the USA [Compere, 1925; conically pointed, shorter than mesosoma (26:31). Pygostyles Maple, 1947], and 4) Ch. noxius Compere, 1925 from situated near base of gaster at about
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