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Berichte Als Zoologe Am Dach Der Welt ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck Supplementum 6 Heinz Janetschek Als Zoologe am Dach der Welt Faunistisch- ökologisch- biozönotische Ergebnisse der 2. Expedition des Forschungsuntemehmens Nepal Himalaya in den Khumbu Himal 1990 Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck Supplementum 6 Wissenschaftlicher Beirat W. Ambach S. Bortenschlager H. Grunicke H. Mostler M. Schweiger W. Wieser im Auftrag des Vereins herausgegeben von Wolfgang Schedi Referiert in Biological Abstracts und Entomological Abstracts Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck Suppl. 6 S. 1 - 119 Innsbruck, Feber 1990 Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Der Druck dieses Supplementums 6 der Berichte naturw.-med. Verein in Innsbruck wurde subventioniert durch Spenden folgender Stellen: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für vergleichende Hochgebirgsforschung, München Tiroler Landesregierung, Kulturabteilung, Innsbruck Universitätsbund Innsbruck Österreichischer Alpenverein, Innsbruck Universität Innsbruck, Rektorat D. Swarovski u. Co., Wattens Raiffeisenzentralsparkasse Tirol. Innsbruck Bank für Arbeit und Wirtschaft, Innsbruck Hagebank, Innsbruck Creditanstalt-Bankverein, Innsbruck Zuschriften bezüglich Schriftentausch sind zu richten an: Naturwisschaftlich- medizinischer Verein in Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 A-6020 Innsbruck/Österreich Nachdruck und Übersetzung, auch von Auszügen, nur mit Genehmigung des Herausgebers gestattet 1990 Druck und Gesamtherstellung: O.K. Druck Schreithofer Ges.m.b.H., Innsbruck Kommissionsverlag: Universitätsverlag Wagner GmbH., Innsbruck, ISBN 3 7030 0213-1 ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Blick auf Amai Dablang (= Ama Dablam auct.) (6856 m), vom Rücken zwischen Khumjung und Nauche (= Namche Bazar auct.), Standpunkthöhe 3800 m. Aufnahme Erwin Schneider. ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Inhaltsverzeichnis Summary 5 1. Einleitung 6 2. Physiographie: Geographische Situation und Vegetation; Klima; Böden; Pleistozän 8 3. Material und Methoden 16 4. Itinerare (mit Charakterisierungen von Untersuchungslokalitäten, Angaben zur Expeditionsgeschichte und einigen zoologischen Beobachtungen) 17 5. Chiffrenerklärung 23 6. Die Artengarnituren (dazu Tabellen 1 - 17) 33 6.1. Terrikolfauna 33 6.2. Gewässer und Feuchtbiotope von Tallagen 48 7. Bemerkungen zur Biozönotik und Tiergeographie (dazu Tabellen 18-21) 97 8. Biologische Einzelbobachtungen 109 8.1. Aggregationen 109 8.2. Flügel- (und Augen-)reduktionen 109 9. Zusammenfassung 111 10. Literaturverzeichnis 113 10.1. Publikationen zum vorliegenden Material 113 10.2. Sonstige zitierte Literatur 115 Table of contents Summary 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Physiography: Geographic situation and vegetation, climate, soils, pleistocenic conditions 8 3. Materials and Methods 16 4. Itinerary (including characterisations of investigation sites, notes on the history of the expedition, some zoological observations) 17 5. Explanations of ciphers 23 6. The sets of species (thereto tables 1 - 17) 33 6.1. Terrestric Fauna 33 6.2. Waters and wet biotops at the bottom of the valleys 48 7. Biocenologycal and zoogeographycal comments (thereto tables 18 - 21) 97 8. Accidental biological observations 109 8.1. Aggregations 109 8.2. Reductions of wings (and eyes) 109 9. Abstract in German Ill 10. References 113 10.1. Publications regarding the materials collected during the expedition by the author 113 10.2. Other citations 115 ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck Suppl. 6 S. 1 - 119 Innsbruck, Feber 1990 Als Zoologe am Dach der Welt Faunistisch-ökologisch-biozönotische Ergebnisse der 2. Expedition des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya in den Khumbu Himal Heinz JANETSCHEK A Zoologist on the Roof of the World Faunistic-ecologic-biocenotic results of the 2nd expedition of the Research Schema Nepal Himalaya in the Khumbu Himal Summary: 1. Faunistic-ecologic and biocenotic results obtained by Heinz JANETSCHEK, Innsbruck, during the 2nd Expedition of the Research Scheme Nepal Himalaya are summarized. 2. Collections were made expecially on the soil fauna. Those of shrubs and trees were neglected. Collecting sites were at altitudes ranging from 700 to more than 6000 m. Collections were partly made during the march from Banepa/Kathmandu into the Khumbu area, but expecially in the area of the glaciated mountains Amai Dablang (6856 m) and Taboche (6542 m), from 11.4. to 23.6.1961, with a stay of 5 weeks in the working area proper over 3900 m (30. April to 6. June). In this area only the premonsoon-aspect was recorded. The return began with the inset of the monsoon. 3. The physiographic elements of the investigation area are briefly described: vegetation and climate, soils, pleistocenic conditions. 4. Collecting methods were: Reitter-sievings of förna, by ocular sorting (sometimes by washing), automatic sieving of soil probes (paper-Berlese-funnels), pitfalltraps (without baits, with formalin), ocular sampling with small brush, tweezers, sucker and catcher, trapping using light with petromax as light source. No malaise-traps. 5. Results of determination work of collected materials by many specialists all over the world appear in about 45 publications (see references part I). Many groups remained undetermined. Published and not yet published de- termination-results are summarized in two groups of tables: "Midlands" (Tab. 1-9) and "Highlands" (above 3900 m, Tab. 10-17). These tables form the nucleus of the present paper. 6. Our research partly resulted in the following taxa new for science: 1.: SUPRASPECIFIC = "HIGHER" TAXA (no. of table/no, of column): 2 Fam., 8 Gen., 4 Subgen., from following groups: Crustacea, Potamonidae: Potamon SG. Himalayapotamon nov. PRETZMANN 1966 (see chapter "water"), — Pseudoscorpiones: Orochernes n.gen. BEIER 1968; — Oribatei: Podopterotegaeidae n.fam. PIFFL 1972 (11/5); Unduloribatidae n. fain. PIFFL 1972 (11/5,11,13, 14,16). - Insecta: Collembola: Janetschekbrya n.gen. YOSII 1971 (2 spp. in the area) (13/5, 7,10,11,13,14); Blattoptera: Maretiola n.gen. BEY-BIENKO 1971 (2 sp.) (2/2); Coleóptera: Carabidae: Carabus SG. Parameganebrius nov. MANDL 1970 (1 sp.) (13/6, 9), Staphylinidae: Paramanner- heimia n.gen. SCHEERPELTZ 1976 (1 sp.) (5/4), Philhydrodema n. gen. SCHEERP. 1976 (1 sp.) (14/18), Edaphosoma n.gen. SCHEERP. 1976 (1 sp.) (14/10, 11), Lathrobium SG. Glyptomerodoschema nov. SCHEERP. 1976 (1 sp.) (14/16), Othiogeiton n.gen. SCHEERP. 1976 (1 sp.) (14/7), Leptusa SG. Chondrely- tropisalia nov. SCHEERP. 1976 (1 sp. in the area) (14/8), Pachycephalopisalia n.gen. SCHEERP. 1976 (2 spp.) (14/5,8, 10). - 2.: 141 NOVAE SPECIES AND 5 NOV. SUBSPECIES from following groups (number of new taxa): Nematodes (1); Tardigradi (1); Crustacea: Harpacticidae (3 sspp.), Potamonidae (1 ssp.); Chelicerata: Pseudoscorpiones ( 1); Araneae ( 11); Oribatei (2); Insecta: Collembola (29); Plecoptera ( 1 ); Blattoptera (6); Tet- tigonioidea (2); Grylloidea (3); Acridoidea (2); Thysanoptera (3); Coleóptera: Cicindelidae (1 ssp.); Carabidae (4); Scydmaenidae (3); Staphylinidae (26); Pselaphidae (3); Scarabaeidae (4); Elminthidae (1); Nitidulidae (1); ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Coccinellidae (2); Tenebrionidae (2); Curculionidae (10); Diptera: Chironomidae (4); Trichoceridae (1); Tipuli- dae (2); Limoniidae (4); Ephydridae (1); Anthomyidae (3); Muscidae (1); Trichoptera (2, Larvae!). 7. Separated into soil dwellers and water forms specialities of some groups are communicated as f. i. Zoogeo- graphie data, discovery of terrestric Planaria (in 3900 m a. s. 1.), and of Schistosomatidae (endoparasitic Tremato- des) from the coelomic fluid of Megascolecidae, defense-strategies of Megascolecidae and certain ants. 8. Mainly using arthropods as examples the following aspects are dealt with (and tabulated) in more detail: ecologic-zoogeographic changes of the faunae of the forest life zones and arable land up into the cryptogames life zone, biocenotic statements in the zones of cushion-like plants and cryptogames, in the "Vorfeld" of the Nare Gla- cier south of the Amai Dablang, and a very short summary of the Zoogeographie situation. In these ecologie chap- ters indetermined/open named material is also being considered. Uppermost vertical records of important taxa in the investigation area are compared with statements in the literature. Based on the author's southpolar experiences extrapolations into not yet investigated altitudes of the Himalaya are made. 9. Observations of aggregations (of Opiliones and certain insects); records of wing- and eyereductions with arthropods of the investigation area. 1. Einleitung (Introduction): Im Rahmen der 2. Arbeitsgruppe des Forschungsunternehmens Nepal Himalaya (Research Scheme Nepal Himalaya) unternahm der Verf. i. J. 1961 eine Expedition in das Gebiet des Khum- bu-Himal mit dem Ziele, zoologische Feldstudien insbesondere über terrikole Arthropoden vom subalpinen Wald bis in die Kryptogamenstufe, d.h. bis in die ohne bergsteigerische Unterstützung höchst erreichbaren Höhen durchzuführen. Die Unternehmung dauerte vom 11.4.1961 (Abreise von Kathmandu) bis
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