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臺灣產擬蠅虎亞科群(蜘蛛目: 蠅虎科) 蜘蛛之分類研究 a Taxonomic Study on the Spiders of Plexippoida (Araneae: Salticidae) of Taiwan

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臺灣產擬蠅虎亞科群(蜘蛛目: 蠅虎科) 蜘蛛之分類研究 a Taxonomic Study on the Spiders of Plexippoida (Araneae: Salticidae) of Taiwan 國立臺灣師範大學生命科學系碩士論文 臺灣產擬蠅虎亞科群(蜘蛛目: 蠅虎科) 蜘蛛之分類研究 A taxonomic study on the spiders of Plexippoida (Araneae: Salticidae) of Taiwan 研 究 生：陳 俊 志 Chun -Chih Chen 指導教授：陳 世 煌 博士 Shyh -Hwang Chen 中華民國一百零二年五月 誌謝 此篇論文終告完成，首先要感謝陳世煌老師，老師帶領我從對蜘蛛一無所解 到現在有了一些小小心得，並且花費許多心力與時間在審閱我的論文，衷心感謝 老師，希望老師在退休後能在蜘蛛研究方面有更大的揮灑空間。此外也要感謝陳 順其老師與徐堉峰老師，擔任我的口試委員，並提供建議讓本論文更加完整。 感謝的我爸爸媽媽和家人，在攻讀碩士階段讓我生活無後顧之憂，並在我無 法如期畢業時，給予我體諒與支持。 感謝楊樹森老師，在大學時於老師的實驗室學習，而決定繼續升學，進而 考上台灣師範大學，因此才能有本論文的誕生。 接著我想對實驗室與這段時間幫助我的人表達我的謝意，感謝扣辣，剛進實 驗室時就受到你的照顧，無論研究或是生活都受到你許多幫助。感謝文俊學長在 我對蜘蛛還懵懂之時熱心提供資料並對我的論文題目有很大的幫助。感謝宸瑜在 我最低潮時的照顧與開導，謝謝學姐當時得自己煮的補氣湯，讓我撐過最煎熬的 一個禮拜。感謝珞璿提供我許多碩論上的寶貴建議，口試時也來幫我們加油。感 謝典諺、明哲和佳容，跟大家一起到各地去採集很開心。感謝香菇、水怪、任傑 和小瞇瞇在學期末前還特地抽空來參加我的論文口試，感謝佳容送我的神秘小禮 物，感謝生科系壘的各位，讓我在碩士生活狹小的生活圈中有個發洩壓力並為我 遮風擋雨的地方，最後想感謝文郁，那些美好的日子依舊活在我的心中，並祝福 你畢業快樂。 帶著眾多感謝，我終於要畢業了，僅將此論文獻給以上我所感謝的人，你們 都是這本論文中重要的一頁。 目錄 目錄 ............................................................................................................. i 圖目次 ....................................................................................................... iii 表目次 ....................................................................................................... vi 附錄目次 .................................................................................................. vii 摘要 ......................................................................................................... viii Abstract ....................................................................................................... x 壹、緒論 ..................................................................................................... 1 貳、生活習性與形態特徵 ........................................................................ 8 参、材料與方法 ...................................................................................... 13 一、研究材料 .................................................................................... 14 二、研究方法 .................................................................................... 14 肆、結果 ................................................................................................... 16 Plexippoida Maddison et Heddin, 2003 ............................................. 17 Pelleninae Petrunkevitch, 1928 .......................................................... 20 Bianor angulosus (Karsch, 1879) .................................................... 22 Bianor maculatus (Keyserling, 1883) .............................................. 26 Harmochirus brachiatus (Thorell, 1877)........................................... 29 Sibianor pullus (Bösenberg et Strand, 1906) ..................................... 35 Plexippinae Simon, 1901 ................................................................... 38 Burmattus pococki (Thorell 1895) ..................................................... 40 Epeus bicuspidatus (Song, Gu et Chen, 1988) .................................. 47 i Epeus glorius Zabka, 1985 ................................................................ 50 Epeus guangxi Peng et Li, 2002a ....................................................... 54 Epeus taiwanus Chen et Chen, sp. nov. ........................................... 57 Evarcha fasciata Seo, 1992a .............................................................. 63 Evarcha flavocincta (C. L. Koch, 1846) ............................................ 66 Evarcha formosana Chen et Chen, sp .nov. ..................................... 69 Evarcha hirticeps (Song et Chai, 1992) ............................................. 74 Pancorius crassipes (Karsch, 1881b) ................................................ 80 Pancorius magnus Zabka, 1985 ......................................................... 84 Pancorius taiwanensis Bao et Peng, 2002 ......................................... 89 Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826) .................................................. 92 Telamonia festiva Thorell, 1887 ...................................................... 101 Telamonia vlijmi Prószyn'ski, 1976 ................................................. 106 Yaginumaella lobata Peng, Tso et Li, 2002 ..................................... 111 Yaginumaella striatipes (Grube, 1861) ............................................ 115 Yaginumaella taiwanica Chen et Chen, sp. nov. .............................. 120 伍、討論 ................................................................................................. 123 陸、參考文獻......................................................................................... 125 ii 圖目次 Figure 1. External features of Plexippoida ............................................. 146 Figure 2. External features and copulatory organs of Plexippoida ........ 147 Figure 3. Variations of the carapace of Plexippoida in Taiwan .............. 148 Figure 4. Variations of the tibial apophysis of Plexippoida in Taiwan ... 149 Figure 5. Variations of the epigyna of Plexippoida in Taiwan ............... 150 Figure 6. Bianor angulosus (Karsch 1879), female................................ 151 Figure 7. Bianor angulosus (Karsch, 1879), male .................................. 152 Figure 8. Bianor maculatus (Keyserling, 1883), male ........................... 153 Figure 9. Harmochirus brachiatus (Thorell, 1877), female ................... 154 Figure 10. Harmochirus brachiatus (Thorell, 1877), male .................... 155 Figure 11. Sibianor pullus (Bösenberg et Strand, 1906), male............... 156 Figure 12. Burmattus pococki (Thorell 1895), female ........................... 157 Figure 13. Burmattus pococki (Thorell 1895), male .............................. 158 Figure 14. Epeus bicuspidatus Song, Gu et Chen, 1988 ........................ 159 Figure 15. Epeus glorius Zabka, 1985 .................................................... 160 Figure 16. Epeus guangxi Peng et Li, 2002a, male ................................ 161 Figure 17. Epeus taiwanus Chen et Chen, sp .nov. ................................ 162 Figure 18. Evarcha fasciata Seo, 1992a, male ....................................... 163 Figure 19. Evarcha flavocincta (C. L. Koch, 1846), female .................. 164 Figure 20. Evarcha formosana Chen et Chen, sp .nov., female ............. 165 Figure 21. Evarcha formosana Chen et Chen, sp .nov., male ................ 166 Figure 22. Evarcha hirticeps (Song et Chai, 1992), female ................... 167 Figure 23. Evarcha hirticeps (Song et Chai, 1992), male ...................... 168 Figure 24. Pancorius crassipes (Karsh, 1881b) ..................................... 169 iii Figure 25. Pancorius magnus Zabka 1985 ............................................. 170 Figure 26. Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826), female ........................ 171 Figure 27. Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826), male ............................ 172 Figure 28. Telamonia festiva Thorell, 1887 ............................................ 173 Figure 29. Telamonia vlijmi Prószyn'ski, 1976, female .......................... 174 Figure 30. Telamonia vlijmi (Prószyn'ski, 1976), male .......................... 175 Figure 31. Yaginumaella lobata Peng, Tso et Li, 2002, male ................. 176 Figure 32. Yaginumaella striatipes (Grube, 1861), female .................... 177 Figure 33. Yaginumaella striatipes (Grube, 1861), male........................ 178 Figure 34. Yaginumaella taiwanica Chen et Chen, sp. nov., male ......... 179 Figure 35. Collecting locations (●) of Bianor angulosus (Karsch, 1879) and (￭) Bianor maculatus (Keyserling, 1883) in Taiwan . ............. 180 Figure 36. Collecting locations (●) of Harmochirus brachiatus (Thorell, 1877) in Taiwan. .............................................................................. 181 Figure 37. Collecting locations (￭) of Sibianor pullus (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) and (●) Burmattus pococki (Thorell, 1895) in Taiwan . ......................................................................................................... 182 Figure 38. Collecting locations (●) of Epeus bicuspidatus (Song, Gu et Chen, 1988) in Taiwan. ................................................................... 183 Figure 39. Collecting locations (●) of Epeus glorius Zabka, 1985 in Taiwan. ............................................................................................ 184 Figure 40. Collecting locations (●) of Epeus guangxi Peng et Li, 2002a in Taiwan. ............................................................................................ 185 Figure 41. Collecting locations (●) of Epeus taiwanus Chen et Chen, iv sp .nov. in Taiwan. .......................................................................... 186 Figure 42. Collecting locations (●) of Evarcha fasciata Seo, 1992 and (￭) Evarcha flavocincta (C. L. Koch, 1846) in Taiwan . ...................... 187 Figure 43. Collecting locations (●) of Evarcha formosana Chen et Chen, sp .nov. in Taiwan. .......................................................................... 188 Figure 44. Collecting locations (●) of Evarcha hirticeps (Song & Chai, 1992) and (￭) Pancorius crassipes (Karsch, 1881b) in Taiwan. .... 189 Figure 45. Collecting locations (●) of Pancorius magnus Zabka, 1985 in Taiwan. ............................................................................................ 190 Figure 46. Collecting locations (●) of Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826) in Taiwan. ........................................................................................ 191 Figure 47. Collecting locations (●) of Telamonia festiva Thorell, 1887 and (￭) Telamonia vlijmi (Prószyn'ski, 1976) in Taiwan . .............. 192 Figure 48. Collecting locations
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