Araneae: Salticidae) from India

Acta Arachnologica, 67(1): 7–12, August 31, 2018

A new generic record and two new species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from India

John T. D. Caleb, Sumantika Chatterjee, Kaomud Tyagi, Shantanu Kundu & Vikas Kumar*

Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract ― Two new species of jumping spiders, Colyttus proszynskii sp. nov. (♂) and Synagelides brahmaputra sp. nov. (♀), are described from India. The genus Colyttus Thorell 1891 is recorded for the first time in India.

Key words ― Colyttus, Synagelides, Assam, diagnosis, description, taxonomy

plug, MS = median septum, PER = posterior eye row, PLE Introduction = posterior lateral eye, PME = posterior median eye, PTL = The Salticidae are the most speciose spider family con- proximal tegular lobe, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, S sisting of 6010 species in 634 genera under 7 subfamilies = spermatheca, SD = sperm duct. (World Spider Catalog 2017; Maddison 2015). Presently, Taxonomy there are 235 described species under 77 genera known from India (World Spider Catalog 2017). While examining speci- Colyttus proszynskii sp. nov. mens collected during a recent field survey in Assam state of (Figs. 1–11) India, two undescribed species were recognized. The genus Colyttus Thorell 1891 is represented by 6 Type material. Male holotype (ZSI-CDT-AA1057): Deh- species from the Oriental region and the genus Synagelides ing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary, (27.2481° N, 95.4205° E, 138 Strand, in Bösenberg & Strand 1906 is represented by 38 m) Assam, India, 05 April 2017, leg. S. Kundu. species, all known from Asia (3 from India) (World Spider Diagnosis. The species is closely related to Colyttus Catalog 2017). The present paper deals with the record of lehtineni (Żabka 1985) but differs by the relatively longer the genus Colyttus for the first time in India along with the embolus, the small proximal tegular lobe (embolus short and descriptions of two new species, Colyttus proszynskii sp. thick, moderate-sized proximal tegular lobe in C. lehtineni); nov. and Synagelides brahmaputra sp. nov. the strong, tooth-like lamella of embolus (dagger-like in C. lehtineni); RTA directed ventrad (upright in C. lehtineni) Material and methods (Figs. 5–7, 10) (cf. Figs. 6–7, 10 herein with figs. 97–98 in Specimens were collected by vegetation beating method Żabka 1985 and figs. 533–534 in Zhang & Maddison 2015). and preserved in 70% ethanol. Morphological examination It can be distinguished from Colyttus striatus (Simon 1902) and photography was performed by the Leica EZ4 HD ste- by the wider palpal bulb and the shape of lamella of embolus reomicroscope. All images were processed with the aid of (short and stout in C. striatus) (cf. Figs. 7–8 herein with figs. LAS core software (LAS EZ 3.0). Descriptions are based 84, 86 in Żabka 1988 and figs. 540–541 in Zhang & Mad- on fresh specimens. Leg measurements are given as: total dison 2015). It differs from C. nigriceps (Simon 1899) by length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). All mea- the thick and relatively shorter RTA (cf. Figs. 7–8, 11 herein surements are in millimeters. Leg spination pattern follows with figs. 21–22 in Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold 2012). Davies (1994). The types have been deposited in the Na- Description of male holotype. Total length: 6.67; cara- tional Zoological Collections (NZC), Zoological Survey of pace: 3.07 long, 2.76 wide; abdomen: 3.60 long, 1.76 wide. India, Kolkata. Carapace dark brown, covered with pale hairs; lateral mar- Abbreviations used in the text: AER = anterior eye row, gins of carapace lined by broad yellowish regions; carapace ALE = anterior lateral eye, AME = anterior median eye, dorsally with a diamond shaped yellowish patch starting BP = blind pocket, E = embolus, EFL = eye field length, FD from fovea to the posterior margin (Fig. 1). Anterior eyes = fertilization duct, LE = lamella of embolus, MP = mating surrounded by white orbital setae. Clypeal region brown 8 J. T. D. Caleb, S. Chatterjee, K. Tyagi, S. Kundu & V. Kumar

Figs. 1–8. Colyttus proszynskii sp. nov. (holotype male, ZSI-CDT-AA1057). 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, front view; 3, chelicerae, maxillae and labium, ventral view; 4, habitus, lateral view; 5, left palp, pro-ventral view; 6–7, ditto, ventral view; 8, ditto, retrolateral view. Scales = 1 mm (1–2, 4); 0.5 mm (3); 0.25 mm (6–8).

Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 Ⓒ Arachnological Society of Japan Two new jumping spiders from India 9

Figs. 9–11. Colyttus proszynskii sp. nov. (holotype male, ZSI-CDT-AA1057). 9, left chelicera, ventral view; 10, left palp, ventral view; 11, ditto, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E– embolus, LE – lamella of embolus, PLT – proximal tegular lobe, RTA – retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD – sperm duct. Scales = 0.5 mm (9); 0.25 mm (10–11).

(Fig. 2). Eye measurements: AME 0.72, ALE 0.46, PME Female. Unknown. 0.09, PLE 0.47, AER 2.37, PER 2.27, EFL 1.61. Clypeus Distribution. India (Assam). height 0.15. Sternum oval, yellowish brown. Chelicerae red- Etymology. The specific name is a patronym, named in dish brown, two teeth on the promargin of fang furrow and honor of Prof. Dr. Jerzy Prószyński, the world authority on one bifid tooth on the retromargin (Figs. 3, 9); labium and salticid taxonomy and zoogeography. maxillae brown with paler margins. Legs yellow; leg I ro- Natural history. The species was collected from shrubs bust with dense fringe of hairs ventrally on patella, tibia and in the rainforest within the Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctu- metatarsus; ventral region of femora I–III with dark brown ary. patch; femur IV with dark brown dorsal patch in distal half (Fig. 1). Leg measurements: I 10.45 (2.89, 1.58, 2.64, 2.28, Synagelides brahmaputra sp. nov. 1.06); II 7.70 (2.36, 1.32, 1.60, 1.62, 0.80); III 8.68 (2.84, (Figs. 12–24) 1.31, 1.70, 1.94, 0.89); IV 8.27 (2.66, 1.09, 1.74, 1.99, 0.79). Leg formula: 1342. Spination of legs: femora I 0600, II Type material. Female holotype (ZSI-CDT-AA905): near 0700, III 0600, IV 0600; patellae I–IV 1010; tibiae I 3026, Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary (27.522769° II 3036, III 3133, IV 3133; metatarsi I 2024, II 2024, III N, 95.36472° E, 127 m) Assam, India, 30 March 2017, leg. 4034, IV 5044; tarsi I–IV 0000. Abdomen elongate, green- S. Kundu. ish brown; covered with yellowish hairs; mid dorsal region Diagnosis. The species can be easily distinguished from lighter with faint chevron shaped markings; spinnerets its congeners by the abdominal color pattern with a thin brown (Figs. 1, 4). Palps yellow; embolus long accompanied transverse white stripe (Figs. 12, 19) and leg I with 6 pairs by a prominent thick lamella; proximal tegular lobe small of ventral tibial spines (Fig. 16) (4 to 5 pairs of spines in and rounded; RTA strong and long with a blunt tip; directed other known species of the S. cavaleriei group). The epi- ventrally (Figs. 5–11). gyne closely resembles that of Synagelides kosi Logunov & Hereward 2006 and S. martensi Bohdanowicz 1987 but differs clearly in the internal structures of the epigyne: the

Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 Ⓒ Arachnological Society of Japan 10 J. T. D. Caleb, S. Chatterjee, K. Tyagi, S. Kundu & V. Kumar

Figs. 12–20. Synagelides brahmaputra sp. nov. (holotype female, ZSI-CDT-AA905). 12, habitus, dorsal view; 13, cephalothorax, ventral view; 14, front view; 15, habitus, lateral view; 16, left leg I, latero-ventral view; 17, carapace, lateral view; 18, ditto, dorsal view; 19, abdomen, dorsal view; 20, epigyne ventral view. Scales = 1 mm (12, 15, 19); 0.5 mm (13–14, 16–18); 0.1 mm (20).

Figs. 21–24. Synagelides brahmaputra sp. nov. (holotype female, ZSI-CDT-AA905). 21, epigyne, ventral view; 22, vulva, dorsal view; 23, epigyne, ventral view; 24 vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: BP – blind pocket; MP – mating plug; MS – median septum; S – spermatheca. Scales = 0.1 mm.

elongated canal is relatively longer, diverging distinctly as promargin of fang furrow and one tooth on the retromargin they move upwards from the spermathecae and make a bend (Fig. 13); labium and maxillae light brown. Leg I brown; inwards (Figs. 22, 24) (ducts almost run parallel and bend patella I yellowish brown with a black ventral stripe; legs laterally, outwards in both S. kosi and S. martensi) (cf. Figs. II to IV yellowish brown with dark brown to black lateral 22, 24 herein with figs. 32–33 in Logunov & Hereward stripes (Fig. 12). Leg measurements: I 4.94 (1.54, 1.28, 1.31, 2006). 0.47, 0.34); II 3.13 (0.91, 0.49, 0.72, 0.66, 0.35); III 3.42 Description of female holotype. Total length: 4.64; cara- (1.00, 0.49, 0.74, 0.80, 0.39); IV 4.80 (1.33, 0.61, 1.24, 1.17, pace: 1.97 long, 1.48 wide; abdomen: 2.67 long, 1.42 wide. 0.45). Leg formula: 1432. Tibiae I with 6 pairs of ventral Carapace rugulose, brown; covered with short pale hairs spines and metatarsi I with 2 pairs of ventral spines (Fig. uniformly; rod-like black hairs present in the eye fi eld (Fig. 16). Abdomen elongate, anterior three-fourths light brown, 12). Eyes surrounded by black regions; anterior eyes sur- covered with yellowish hairs; a pair of faint patches formed rounded by pale white orbital setae. Clypeal region brown, by white scales seen at the anterior shoulder region; white covered with pale hairs (Fig. 14). Eye measurements: AME scales also present intermittently; two pairs of sigilla present 0.47, ALE 0.26, PME 0.06, PLE 0.27, AER 1.41, PER 1.54, dorsally with a dark brown region between the two; a thin EFL 1.21. Clypeus height 0.04. Sternum oval, yellowish transverse white stripe present just above the mid-dorsal brown (Fig. 13). Chelicerae light brown, two teeth on the region, traversing across the second pair of sigilla; posterior

Acta Arachnologica, 67(1), August 2018 Ⓒ Arachnological Society of Japan 12 J. T. D. Caleb, S. Chatterjee, K. Tyagi, S. Kundu & V. Kumar region of abdomen blackish brown. Spinnerets yellowish References brown (Figs. 12, 19). Epigyne with a central median septum and lateral arches; copulatory openings conspicuous; sper- Barrion, A. T., Barrion-Dupo, A. L. A., Catindig, J. L. A., Villareal, M. mathecae bean-shaped; internal duct structures as shown in O., Cai, D., Yuan, Q. H. & Heong, K. L. 2013. New species of spiders (Araneae) from Hainan Island, China. UPLB Mus. Publ. Nat. Figs. 20–24. Hist., 3: 1–103. Male. Unknown. Bohdanowicz, A. 1979. Descriptions of spiders of the genus Synage- Distribution. India (Assam). lides (Araneae: Salticidae) from Japan and Nepal. Acta Arachnol., Etymology. The specific name refers to the river ‘Brah- 28: 53–62. maputra’ flowing through Tinsukia, Assam from where the Bohdanowicz, A. 1987. Salticidae from the Nepal Himalayas: The genus Synagelides Bösenberg & Strand 1906. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. specimen was collected. The name is used as a noun in ap- Senckenberg, 93: 65–86. position. Bösenberg, W. & Strand, E. 1906. Japanische Spinnen. Abh. Senck. Remarks. The new species clearly belongs to the S. Naturf. Ges., 30: 93–422. cavaleriei species group (sensu Bohdanowicz 1987). Eight Davies, V. T. 1994. The huntsman spiders Heteropoda Latreille and species of the genus are known only from the males: S. bir- Yiinthi gen. nov. (Araneae: Heteropodidae) in Australia. Mem. Queensl. Mus., 35: 75–122. manicus Bohdanowicz 1987 (Burma), S. forkiforma Yang, Logunov, D. V. & Hereward, J. 2006. New species and synonymies in Zhu & Song 2007 (China), S. gosainkundicus Bohdanowicz the genus Synagelides Strand in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Arane- 1987 (Nepal), S. hubeiensis Peng & Li, in Peng, Tang & ae: Salticidae). Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc., 13: 281–292. Li 2008 (China), S. kualensis Logunov & Hereward 2006 Maddison, W. P. 2015. A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). J. Arachnol., 43: 231–292. (Malaysia), S. lehtineni Logunov & Hereward 2006 (Tamil Peng, X. J., Tang, G. & Li, S. Q. 2008. Eight new species of salticids Nadu, South India), S. nishikawai Bohdanowicz 1979 (Ne- from China (Araneae, Salticidae). Acta Zootaxon. Sin., 33: 248– pal) and S. proszynskii Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, in 259. Barrion et al. 2013 (China). It is needed to confirm whether Prószyński, J. & Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. 2012. Description of some the female treated in this study is conspecific with any one Salticidae (Aranei) from the Malay archipelago. II. Salticidae of Java and Sumatra, with comments on related species. Arthropoda male of the above species. Three species, S. kualensis, S. Selecta, 21: 29–60. lehtineni and S. nishikawai, can be disregarded because they Simon, E. 1899. Contribution à la faune de Sumatra. Arachnides re- do not belong to the S. cavaleriei group. Both sexes usually cueillis par M. J. L. Weyers, à Sumatra. (Deuxiéme mémoire). Ann. have almost similar color pattern and spination in most of Soc. Entomol. Belg., 43: 78–125. the described species of the S. cavaleriei group, but in the Simon, E. 1902. Description d’arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Salticidae (Attidae) (suite). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg., 46: 24–56, remaining five species there is no male being similar to this 363–406. female. Therefore we concluded that this female belongs to Thorell, T. 1891. Spindlar från Nikobarerna och andra delar af södra a new species. Asien. Bihang Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 24(2): 1–149. Mating plugs composed of amorphous material are found World Spider Catalog 2017. World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 18.0. (accessed in the epigyne of the holotype. Plugs were present in both 9 October 2017) the openings (Figs. 21–22); larger one at the right opening is Yang, Z. Z., Zhu, M. S. & Song, D. X. 2007. Report of two new spe- protruding out externally. The existence of mating plugs is cies of the genus Synagelides Strand, 1906 from China (Araneae: recorded for the first time in this genus. Salticidae). J. Dali Univ., 6(2): 1–4. Żabka, M. 1985. Systematic and zoogeographic study on the family Acknowledgements Salticidae (Araneae) from Viet-Nam. Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 39: 197–485. The authors are grateful to Dr Kailash Chandra, Director, Zoologi- Żabka, M. 1988. Salticidae (Araneae) of Oriental, Australian and Pa- cal Survey of India for his encouragement and moral support and for cific regions, III. Ann. Zool., Warszawa, 41: 421–479. providing necessary facilities to carry out the work. Our sincere thanks Zhang, J. X. & Maddison, W. P. 2015. Genera of euophryine jumping to the two anonymous reviewers and Dr Takahide Kamura whose spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), with a combined molecular-morpho- comments and suggestions greatly helped improve the manuscript. logical phylogeny. Zootaxa, 3938: 1–147.

Received October 9, 2017 / Accepted November 21, 2017