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©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Vancouver, Whistler & Vancouver Island Includes ¨ Why Go? Vancouver ..........367 Visitors to Canada’s westernmost province are never short Whistler ........... 390 of superlatives when typing their travel blogs. It’s hard not Sunshine Coast .... 394 to be moved by looming mountains, wildlife-packed for- ests and uncountable kilometers of pristine coastline that Vancouver Island ... 396 slow your heartbeat like a spa treatment. But British Co- Victoria ............ 396 lumbia (BC) is much more than just a nature-hugging di- Cowichan Valley .... 407 orama. Cosmopolitan Vancouver is an animated fusion of Nanaimo ..........409 cuisines and cultures from Asia and beyond, while historic Ucluelet ............413 Victoria and resort town Whistler have their own vibrant, alluring scenes. And for sheer character, it’s hard to beat the Tofino ..............414 province’s kaleidoscope of quirky little communities, from Campbell River ......417 the rustic Sunshine Coast to the laid-back Southern Gulf Port Hardy ..........418 Islands. Wherever you head, of course, the great outdoors Southern will always be calling. Don’t just point your camera at it. BC Gulf Islands .........419 is unbeatable for the kind of life-enhancing skiing, kayak- ing, hiking and biking you’ll want to brag about to everyone back home. Best Places to Eat When to Go Vancouver, BC ¨ Gabriel’s Gourmet Cafe °C/°F Te mp Rainfall inches/mm (p410) 40/104 16/400 ¨ Purebread (p392) 30/86 13/320 ¨ Vij’s (p383) 20/68 9/240 ¨ Fable (p383) 10/50 6/160 0/32 3/80 -10/14 0 Best Places to J FDM A M J J A S O N Sleep Dec–Mar Powder Jul & Aug Sep & Oct ¨ Free Spirit Spheres (p412) action stripes the Beaches, patios Great surfing ¨ Riding Fool Hostel (p417) slopes of Whistler and a plethora and the start of ¨ Skwachays Lodge (p380) and Blackcomb of overlapping storm-watching Mountains. festivals enliven season lure many ¨ St Regis Hotel (p379) Vancouver. to Tofino. 367 VANCOUVER dense forest canopy on the other. You % 604, 778 / POP 603,500 can walk the whole thing in around three Flying into YVR (Vancouver International blister-triggering hours or rent a bike from Airport) on a glittering blue-sky day, it’s not Denman St near the park entrance to cover hard to understand the Lotus Land label the route far faster. that sticks to this region like a wetsuit. The Vancouver Aquarium AQUARIUM calm ocean striped with boat trails, the cren- (%604-659-3400; www.vanaqua.org; 845 Avison elated shorelines of forest-green islands and Way; adult/child $31/22; h9:30am-6pm Jul & Aug, the ever-present snow-dusted crags glinting 10am-5pm Sep-Jun; c; g19) Stanley Park’s on the horizon give this city arguably the biggest draw, the aquarium is home to 9000 most spectacular setting of any metropo- water-loving critters – including sharks, wolf lis. But while the grand backdrop means eels and a somewhat shy octopus. There’s you’re never far from great outdoor pursuits, also a small, walk-through rainforest area there’s much more to Vancouver than ap- of birds, turtles and a statue-still sloth. The pearances. Hitting the streets on foot means aquarium also keeps captive whales and dol- coming across a kaleidoscope of distinctive phins and organizes animal encounters with neighborhoods, each one almost like a vil- these creatures, which may concern some VANCOU lage in itself. There’s bohemian, coffee-loving visitors. Animal-welfare groups claim keep- Commercial Dr; the hearty character bars of ing cetaceans in enclosed tanks is harmful old Gastown; and the colorful streets of the for these complex animals. West End ‘gayborhood.’ And that’s before V ER, WHISTLER & VANCOU & WHISTLER ER, you get to the bustling artisan nest other- Lost Lagoon LAKE wise known as Granville Island or the forest- (g19) This rustic area near Stanley Park’s ed seawall of Stanley Park, Canada’s finest entrance was originally part of Coal Har- urban green space. In fact, if this really is bour. But after a causeway was built in Lotus Land, you’ll be far too busy checking 1916, the new body of water was renamed, it all out to rest. transforming itself into a freshwater lake a few years later. Today it’s a nature sanctu- 1 Sights ary – keep your eyes peeled for beady-eyed Few of Vancouver’s main visitor attractions blue herons – and its perimeter pathway is a are located in the downtown core: the main favored stroll for nature-huggers. The excellent Stanley Park Nature museums are in Vanier Park and at the Uni- V versity of British Columbia (UBC), other top House (%604-257-8544; www.stanleyparke- ER cology.ca; north end of Alberni St, Lost Lagoon; sights are in Stanley Park or Chinatown, and I SLAND SLAND two of the region’s main outdoor lures are h10am-5pm Tue-Sun Jul & Aug, 10am-4pm Sat & c g F on the North Shore. Luckily, the majority of Sun Sep-Jun; ; 19) provides exhib- these must-sees are easy to reach by car or a its and illumination on the park’s wildlife, transit hop from the city center. history and ecology. Ask about its fascinat- VA ing park walks, covering everything from NC bird-watching strolls to artsy ambles around 1 O Downtown & West End the park. UV oStanley Park PARK E Second Beach & Third Beach BEACH R (pc; g19) This magnificent 404-hectare (Stanley Park; c; g19) Second Beach is a park combines excellent attractions with family-friendly area on Stanley Park’s west- a mystical natural aura. Don’t miss a stroll ern side, with a grassy playground, an ice- or cycle (rentals near the W Georgia St en- cream-serving concession and the Stanley trance) around the 8.8km seawall: a kind of Park Pitch & Putt course. In summer, there visual spa treatment fringed by a 150,000- are free outdoor movie screenings – see tree temperate rainforest, it’ll take you past www.freshaircinema.ca for listings – but the park’s popular totem poles. its main attraction is the seasonal outdoor Stanley Park Seawall WATERFRONT swimming pool (%604-257-8371; www.vancou- (g19) Built between 1917 and 1980, the verparks.ca; cnr N Lagoon Dr & Stanley Park Dr, Stan- 8.8km seawall trail is Vancouver’s favorite ley Park; adult/child $5.86/2.95; h10am-8:45pm outdoor hangout. Encircling the entire mid-Jun–Aug, reduced hours low-season; c; g19). park, it offers spectacular waterfront, Alternatively, head to Third Beach for one of mountain-fringed vistas on one side and Vancouver’s best sunset-watching spots..
Recommended publications
  • Self-Guiding Geology Tour of Stanley Park

    Self-Guiding Geology Tour of Stanley Park

    Page 1 of 30 Self-guiding geology tour of Stanley Park Points of geological interest along the sea-wall between Ferguson Point & Prospect Point, Stanley Park, a distance of approximately 2km. (Terms in bold are defined in the glossary) David L. Cook P.Eng; FGAC. Introduction:- Geomorphologically Stanley Park is a type of hill called a cuesta (Figure 1), one of many in the Fraser Valley which would have formed islands when the sea level was higher e.g. 7000 years ago. The surfaces of the cuestas in the Fraser valley slope up to the north 10° to 15° but approximately 40 Mya (which is the convention for “million years ago” not to be confused with Ma which is the convention for “million years”) were part of a flat, eroded peneplain now raised on its north side because of uplift of the Coast Range due to plate tectonics (Eisbacher 1977) (Figure 2). Cuestas form because they have some feature which resists erosion such as a bastion of resistant rock (e.g. volcanic rock in the case of Stanley Park, Sentinel Hill, Little Mountain at Queen Elizabeth Park, Silverdale Hill and Grant Hill or a bed of conglomerate such as Burnaby Mountain). Figure 1: Stanley Park showing its cuesta form with Burnaby Mountain, also a cuesta, in the background. Page 2 of 30 Figure 2: About 40 million years ago the Coast Mountains began to rise from a flat plain (peneplain). The peneplain is now elevated, although somewhat eroded, to about 900 metres above sea level. The average annual rate of uplift over the 40 million years has therefore been approximately 0.02 mm.
  • Stanley Park Ecological Action Plan

    Stanley Park Ecological Action Plan

    Date: January 10, 2011 TO: Board Members – Vancouver Park Board FROM: General Manager – Parks and Recreation SUBJECT: Stanley Park Ecological Action Plan RECOMMENDATION A. That the Board approve the recommended actions identified in this report and summarized in Appendix E to improve the ecological integrity of Stanley Park in the following five priority areas of concern: Beaver Lake’s rapid infilling; Lost Lagoon’s water quality; invasive plant species; fragmentation of habitat; and Species of Significance. B. That the Board approve a consultancy to develop a vision and implementation strategy for Beaver Lake in 2011 to ensure the lake’s long-term viability, to be funded from the 2011 Capital Budget. POLICY The Park Board’s Strategic Plan 2005 – 2010 includes five strategic directions, one of which is Greening the Park Board. The plan states that that the “preservation and enhancement of the natural environment is a core responsibility of the Park Board" and that the Board “will develop sustainable policies and practices that achieve environmental objectives while meeting the needs of the community”. It includes actions relevant to the ecological integrity of Stanley Park, such as: advocate for a healthy urban environment, integrate sustainability concepts into the design, construction and maintenance of parks, preserve existing native habitat and vegetation and promote and improve natural environments. The Stanley Park Forest Management Plan, approved on June 15, 2009, includes relevant Goals and Management Emphasis Areas. It identifies Wildlife Emphasis Areas, areas of the forest as having high importance to the ecological integrity of the park, and recommends facilitating projects that protect or enhance wildlife and their habitats.
  • Report for the 2020 Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival from April 17 to 26, 2020, in Stanley Park by Nina Shoroplova, April

    Report for the 2020 Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival from April 17 to 26, 2020, in Stanley Park by Nina Shoroplova, April

    Report for the 2020 Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival from April 17 to 26, 2020, in Stanley Park by Nina Shoroplova, April 26, 2020 The beautiful cherry blossom season of 2020 is winding down, to be followed by the later parade of magnolias, camellias, rhododendrons, and azaleas. The ‘Takasago’ north of Rose Garden Lane continues to blossom in the last week of the festival. The ‘Takasago’ north of Rose Garden Lane continues to be outstanding, whereas I went past two ‘Rancho’ trees growing south of the Stanley Park Pavilion, and realized I had missed their blooming entirely. I have enjoyed photographing, smelling, and learning about four more Prunus cultivars over the last ten days: ‘Kanzan’, ‘Gyoiko’, ‘Shiro-fugen’, and ‘Shujaku’. In addition, I came across many charming, single trees of Prunus avium—at the Pooh Corner entrance to Stanley Park, along the Azalea Walk around the Ted and Mary Greig Rhododendron Garden, around Lost Lagoon, and north of the Vancouver Aquarium. A beautiful Prunus avium, even growing where it is, snug against the north fence of the Vancouver Aquarium This image of Prunus avium blossoms shows the curled-back sepals that VCBF Scout Co-ordinator, Wendy Cutler, explains identifies this species. The cultivar known as ‘Kanzan’ is a familiar sight to Vancouverites. There are two robust specimens growing on the corner of Park Lane and the extension of Comox Street, their double blossoms growing in clusters. Two ‘Kanzan’ grow on the corner of the extension of Comox Street where it meets Park Lane. On the way from the Azalea Walk in the Ted and Mary Greig Rhododendron Garden to the Works Yard at the northeast side of the Pitch & Putt grows a graceful ‘Gyoiko’, admired for its very unusually coloured double blossoms, the petals being ivory with green flecks and stripes and the sepals being pale green.
  • Subject: Stanley Park Causeway

    Subject: Stanley Park Causeway

    TO: Board Members - Parks and Recreation FROM: General Manager - Parks and Recreation SUBJECT: STANLEY PARK CAUSEWAY RECOMMENDATIONS A. THAT the Board approve the attached Stanley Park Causeway Term Sheet, also to be approved by the British Columbia Transportation Financing Authority (BCTFA), the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC), TransLink and the City of Vancouver, including: 1. Commitment to a long-term objective to remove private automobile traffic from the Stanley Park Causeway by 2030, in conjunction with developing a new crossing of Burrard Inlet. 2. Comprehensive safety upgrade to the Stanley Park Causeway and park entrance as follows: a. Widening the three Causeway vehicle lanes from 2.95 metres to 3.5 metres, and re-aligning the s-curve at Lost Lagoon. b. Rebuilding the Park Drive overpass at Prospect Point. c. Rebuilding the Pipeline Road underpass at Lost Lagoon. d. Rebuilding the pedestrian Chilco Street underpass. e. Developing Stanley Park loop as the new all-season terminus for Stanley Park buses. f. Turning Chilco bus loop and Chilco Street between Georgia and Alberni Streets into park space. B. THAT no additional or altered legal rights shall arise from this approval in terms of the Provincial tenure of the Causeway as outlined in the agreement of July 12, 1999, between the Province and the Park Board. C. THAT the Board authorize the General Manager to amend the July 12, 1999 Causeway Agreement to reflect the changes described in Recommendations A.(2) and B. of this report. POLICY On April 11, 1994, the Board passed a motion advising the Provincial Government of the Board's opposition to any Lions Gate crossing option that would require or result in either the expansion of the right-of-way through Stanley Park or any compromise on Lost Lagoon, and of the Board's preference for any crossing option that would result in the elimination of vehicular traffic through Stanley Park.
  • Bmn Hike Report

    Bmn Hike Report

    BMN HIKE REPORT Stanley Park and Seawall Saturday April 26 2014 by Mark Johnston Some of the BMN hikers posing by the "Three Graces" cedars in Vancouver’s Stanley Park. Terry Puls photo. Although we live in a highly urban environment, we are fortunate that we don’t have to leave the city to experience nature. This was once again abundantly evident when, on a pleasant spring day, twenty of us travelled to downtown Vancouver and, in the midst of its heavily built cityscape, enjoyed a walk in the grand green oasis of Stanley Park. Eighteen of us rode SkyTrain to Waterfront Station (the other two making the trip by car and meeting us at Second Beach). Emerging from underground, we first circled Canada Place. From its wraparound deck we enjoyed views of the city, harbour, and North Shore mountains. It was cloudy and there was a slight chill in the air. Making our way round to the north side, we looked down on a sizeable raft of surf scoters riding on the dark waters. Leaving Canada Place, we walked to the new convention centre and then along the seawall fronting Coal Harbour. Although our gaze was frequently drawn to the high-rise buildings of downtown or perhaps to the cloud-covered mountains across the inlet, we also found much to hold our interest close at hand. We studied half a dozen cormorants that were perched on pilings or, in one case, on a floating plastic drum. These were pelagic cormorants; we could clearly see on one or two of them the double crest that characterizes the bird when it is breeding.
  • Second Beach Lumberman's Arch Lost Lagoon

    Second Beach Lumberman's Arch Lost Lagoon

    Second Beach Lumberman’s Arch Lost Lagoon 10:00am A Perfect Storm Walk Plankton Survey For Lumberman’s Arch events, meet at Stanley For Lost Lagoon events, meet at (10:00 - 11:00 am) (10:00 am - 12:00 pm) Park Ecology Society tent, along the tree-lined Stanley Park Nature House (under the viewing path between Lumberman’s Arch and the s Meet at Second Beach Pool Entrance platform at Chilco and Alberni Street). S Vancouver Aquarium 11:00am Community Partner Displays & Birds of Prey Walk Native Plant Eco Rangers (11:00 am - 12:30 Garden Open Rose Garden For Lumberman’s Arch events, meet at Stanley pm) c Park Ecology Society tent, along the tree-lined (10:00 am - 5:00 pm) House 12:00pm Upcycling English Ivy: path between Lumberman’s Arch and the Trees of Stanley (11:00 am - 1:00pm) A Vancouver Aquarium Community Partner Displays: Building a BioNet Come to Lumberman’s Arch and meet Park Walk (12:00 - 2:30 pm Drop-in) (12:00 - 1:30 pm) some of the environmental organizations 1:00pm working in your neighbourhood. They h Join eco-artist Sharon Kallis to crochet English ivy Wildlife Safari Walk Painting Craft offer information, tips, and into useful matting for erosion control! Beginners (1:00 - 2:30 pm) Amphibian & Activity T fun activities for all ages. welcome; hand strength and dexterity an asset. Reptile Walk (1:00 - 4:00 pm 2:00pm Dried mats will be installed by Stanley Park Ecology (1:30 - 3:00 pm) Drop-in) Society in restoration projects in October.
  • Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia

    Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia

    I TheSite Guide I Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia by Brian M. Kautesk Location Downtown Vancouver, B.C. totem poles, and other historical art•- facts. Description Stanley Park is a multi-use Access From Vancouver International recreationalpark, adjacent to downtown and residential Vancouver, and situated Airport drive north through the c•ty to on a peninsulajutting directly into Van- the downtownarea. Stanley Park is easdy couver Harbour (Burrard Inlet). The found, being that large green patch •n shoreline, totally accessibleby over 5 the center of any Vancouver City map miles of paved seawall promenade, To avoid traffic congestion,approaches is mainly rocky, with a few areas of to the park should be made either wa mudflats, and two public beaches.This Beach Avenue, or Burrard and Georloa walkway permitsexceptional sea-birding Streets. I recommend the latter for from shore. The water around the park those following my birding itinerary, is deep and cold. The main part of outlined below. the park is second growth forest, pre- Accommodations No problemsof course, dominantly Douglas-fir, Western Red being in the heart of a major city In Cedar, Western Hemlock, Broadleaf pleasant weather, various concession Maple, with Vine Maple and Red Alder booths throughout the park are open in openings, and a general understory Camping is not allowed in the park of Salal and Salmonberry (a magnet for hummingbirds in April). There are Birdwatching Long known as a prime many trails that go deep into the birding area, it has been only in the secludedwoods, where determined bird- most recent years that the park has ers can, with time, find the Hutton's been studiedmethodically and its secrets Vireo.
  • The 2017 Langara College Archaeology Field School: Summary of Field Investigations Stanley A. Copp (Ph.D) Introduction: The

    The 2017 Langara College Archaeology Field School: Summary of Field Investigations Stanley A. Copp (Ph.D) Introduction: The

    The 2017 Langara College Archaeology Field School: Summary of Field Investigations Stanley A. Copp (Ph.D) Edits 06 March 2018 The author of this document as well as the administration, faculty and staff of Langara College recognize the fact that our institution is located within the unceded territories of the Xʷməθkʷəyəm First Nation. Langara College has been honoured with a traditional Xʷməθkʷəyəm name Snəweyəɬ leləm, meaning “house of teaching” Introduction: The Archaeology Field School The 2017 Langara College archaeology field school (ARFS) was held over 13 consecutive weeks (May-July). Fifteen students were enrolled in the program which consisted of 12 university- transfer credit courses; Anth 1221 (6 credits) Field Techniques in Archaeology, Anth 1222 (3 credits) Laboratory Methods in Archaeology, and Anth 1224 (3 credits) Ethnoarchaeology. Stan Copp taught Anth 1221 and 1222, and Anth 1224 was taught by Adam Solomonian. All fifteen students were given the opportunity to participate in the government of British Columbia RISC (Resource Inventory Committee) certification program in Archaeology field techniques. All fifteen easily passed the certification exam and field practicums. Successful RISC certification has previously allowed students immediate access to employment in the British Columbia heritage industry as the program focuses on skills required to participate in field work – unfortunately, the 2017 forest fire situation has meant much of the heritage consulting industry has been put in abeyance. Skills taught include, but are not limited to; archaeological site inventory (field reconnaissance), site recording, culturally modified tree (CMT) recording, site mapping, photography, completion of government survey forms and other documents, and other experiential skills.
  • STANLEY PARK, Right in the Heart of the City

    STANLEY PARK, Right in the Heart of the City

    LOYALISTS COME WEST 2015 CONFERENCE-UELAC Be Sure to Visit Vancouver City, the home of the Vancouver Branch UELAC Vancouver Branch UELAC invite attendees to be sure and plan a stopover in Vancouver City, either pre or post the UELAC Conference being held 28 - 31 May 2015 in Victoria. Vancouver City has much to offer tourists who come to Beautiful British Columbia. The Members recommend to all conference visitors to Vancouver City to be sure not miss our famous STANLEY PARK, right in the heart of the city. STANLEY PARK Called the "Crown Jewel" of Vancouver, it might just be the closest place to heaven and even if it is pouring rain, you will not be disappointed and we bet it will be one of your favorite parts of our amazing city. The walk around the Seawall (9km) is stunning and each turn gives you a different breath-taking scene or an amazing view. Originally home to Burrard, Musqueam and Squamish First Nations people, Stanley Park was not one designer's grand scheme but an evolution of a pioneer city's hopes and dreams; a place for its citizens to recreate themselves through active sport or peaceful relaxation. Wildlife With the park’s diverse habitats – from coniferous forests to boggy wetlands to rocky shores – Stanley Park teems with an amazing variety of wildlife. At least 500 species are known to live in the park. So be sure to bring your camera for lots of fantastic shots. 1 Named for Lord Frederick Stanley (16th Earl of Derby), Stanley was appointed Governor General of Canada and Commander in Chief of Prince Edward Island on 1 May 1888, the City opened Stanley Park on September 27 of that year.
  • Stanley Park Geotour

    Stanley Park Geotour

    Stanley Park GeoTour A collaboration between MineralsEd and the Geological Survey of Canada Led by Bob Turner, Marianne Quat and Chris Loewen MineralsEd Supporting geoscience, mineral resources and mining education in BC schools for more than 20 years! MineralsEd |900-808 W. Hastings St. | Vancouver, BC | V6C 2X4 | Tel. (604) 682-5477 | Fax (604) 681-5305 Website: www.MineralsEd.ca Stanley Park Geotour Stanley Park Geotour - 2 Stanley Park Geotour Introduction Welcome to the Stanley Park GeoTour! Learning about our Earth, geological processes and features, and the relevance of it all to our lives is really best addressed outside of a classroom. Our entire province is the laboratory for geoscape studies. In the Lower Mainland, Vancouver’s Stanley Park, is a readily accessible and safe destination to observe learn about Earth processes and the local geologic history. This professional development field trip for teachers makes a clockwise circuit around Stanley Park along the seawall making stops at key features that are part of the geological story - demonstrating surface processes, recording rock – forming processes, revealing the tectonic history, and evidencing glaciation. The important interplay of these phenomena and later human activity is highlighted along the way. This walking tour is foremost intended to show teachers how Stanley Park can be a great local field trip for your students who are learning about Earth Sciences in school, particularly Grade 5 and older. While using rocks and minerals as the theme, this field trip will also Attention! integrate local human history, transportation, reading maps, and will, therefore As there are important outcrops support curriculum more broadly.
  • Stanley Park: Crystallized Wilderness Beau Wuthrich

    Stanley Park: Crystallized Wilderness Beau Wuthrich

    Stanley Park: Crystallized Wilderness Beau Wuthrich - MLA Candidate, UBC SALA “In Wildness is the preservation of the World.” – Henry David Thoreau In 1888, Vancouver mayor, David Oppenheimer announced Stanley Park as a site where “Art will unite with nature, making this the finest park on the continent.” His statement has remained definitive of Stanley Park’s identity. Superficially, the Stanley Park forest is viewed as untouched—a relic of the past. Indeed, the popular myth of Stanley Park is that its forested core is virginal, romantic and sublime: a reflection of BC’s environmental and cultural identity. Historically, however, the site has been groomed, and has acted as a fulcrum for debates to define urban greenspace. Concepts including the sublime, the frontier, and the sustainable, have taken root in these woods. Stanley Park represents an ideal nature—our ideal nature. Although the aesthetic of that ideal is mercurial, the idea of the wilderness appears to be the sacred heart of the naturalist discourse surrounding the park. Vancouver Sun, 28 March, 1912 In 1912, the Vancouver Parks Board requested proposals for a new entryway into Stanley Park. Landscape architect, Thomas Mawson, was chosen as advisor. Mawson’s suggestion was a Parisian-inspired affair, proposing “Georgia street as your Champs Elysée […] Coal Harbour as the Grand Rond Pond, and the park as the Tuilleries” (Vancouver Sun, 28 March, 1912). His Renaissance style met heated criticism from the likes of Frederick Wade, lawyer, and head of the Vancouver Sun. Wade and compatriots insisted Stanley Park remain “sublime” (The Province, 17 Dec. 1912), “as God made it” (The Province, 10 Jan, 1912).

  • Stanley Park National Historic Site of Canada Commemorative Integrity Statement

    Stanley Park national historic site of canada Commemorative Integrity Statement Stanley Park national historic site of canada Commemorative Integrity Statement Table of Contents Preface How to Use this Commemorative Integrity Statement Acknowledgements 1.0 Introduction 1.1 National Historic Sites Objectives.....................................1 1.2 Definition and Purpose of Commemorative Integrity......................1 1.3 Historical and Geographical Contexts..................................2 2.0 Commemorative Intent 2.1 Commemorative Context............................................5 2.2 Definition of Commemorative Intent...................................6 2.3 Statement of Commemorative Intent...................................6 3.0 Treatment of the Three Elements of Commemorative Integrity 3.1 First Element The resources that symbolize or represent the site’s national historic significance are not impaired or under threat 3.1.1 Designated Place ............................................7 Physical Values ...........................................8 Symbolic Values .........................................11 Objectives ...............................................11 3.1.2 Natural Elements of the Commemorative Environment .............12 3.1.3 Cultural Elements of the Commemorative Environment .............13 # Designed Garden Landscapes ..............................13 # Designed Park Landscapes ................................17 # Designed Fresh Water Features ............................18 # Beaches and Swimming Pools ..............................20