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Los Palaeotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) De~ Eoceno De La Cuenca Del Duero (Castilla Y Leon, Espana) M

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Los Palaeotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) De~ Eoceno De La Cuenca Del Duero (Castilla Y Leon, Espana) M Estudios Geol., 49: 87-109 (1993) LOS PALAEOTHERIIDAE (PERISSODACTYLA, MAMMALIA) DE~ EOCENO DE LA CUENCA DEL DUERO (CASTILLA Y LEON, ESPANA) M. A. Cuesta Ruiz-Colmenares * RESUMEN El estudio sistemático de los Palaeotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Marnmalia) del Eoceno de la Cuenca del Duero (Castilla y León, España) ha permitido identificar tres nuevas es­ pecies: Palaeotherium giganteum nov. sp., Cantabrotherium casanovasae nov. sp. y Franze­ nium durense nov. sp., todas ellas del yacimiento de Mazaterón (Eoceno medio-Eoceno su­ perior, MP16-17, subcuenca de Almazán, Soria). Franzenium durense nov. sp. está tam­ bién presente en Caenes (Eoceno medio, MP16, área suroccidental, Salamanca). Las for­ mas descritas presentan una especial combinación de caracteres primitivos, principalmente en los premolares, con molarización prácticamente nula, y caracteres derivados, destacan­ do una acusada hipsodoncia; tal combinación es desconocida en el resto de especies de la familia. Biogeográficamente, muestran un acusado carácter endémico, con independencia casi completa de Europa occidental y del área subpirenaica, y sólo en algunos yacimientos peninsulares, Llamaquique (Oviedo) y Huérmeces del Cerro (Guadalajara), existen formas similares. En otros tres yacimientos, situados en el área suroccidental, Casaseca de Campeán (Eo­ ceno medio, MP13-14, Zamora). Molino del Pico (Eoceno superior-Oligoceno, Zamora) y San Morales (Eoceno medio, MP16, Salamanca) los Palaeotheriidae son muy raros y el es­ caso material encontrado no permite su identificación a nivel genérico. Palabras clave: Palaeotheriidae, Eoceno, Cuenca del Duero, España. ABSTRACT The systematic study of the Palaeotheriidae (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) of the Eocene of the Duero Bassin (Castilla y León, Spain) has permited to identify 3 new species: Pa­ laeotherium giganteum nov. sp., Cantabrotherium casanovasae nov. sp. and Franzenium du­ rense nov. sp., all of the Mazaterón bed (middle Eocene-upper Eocene, MP16-17, Alma­ zán subbassin, Soria). Franzenium durense nov. sp. is present also in Caenes (middle Eo­ cene, MP16, southoccidental area, Salamanca). The described forrns display a special com­ bination of primitive characters, mainly in the premolars, with almost void molarization, and derived characters, detaching a strong hipsodonty; such combination is not known in the other species of the Family. In a biogeographical order this fauna shows a strong en­ demic character, with a almost complete independence of the occidental Europe and subpy­ renean area, and only sorne peninsular beds, Llamaquique (Oviedo) and Huérmeces del Cerro (Guadalajara) have similar forms. In 3 other beds, situates in the southoccidental area, Casaseca de Campeán (middle Eo­ cene, MP13-14, Zamora), Molino del Pico (upper Eocene-Oligocene, Zamora) and San Mo­ rales (Middle Eocene, MP16, Salamanca) the Palaeotheriidae are very rares and the limi­ ted material doesn't have to perrnit the identification at the generic level. Key words: Palaeotheriidae, Eocene, Duero basin, Spain. • Departamento de Geología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Salamanca. 37008 Salamanca. 88 M. A. CUESTA RUIZ-COLMENARES .LEON PALENCIA• .SEGOVIA 1:.·'::.·;1 PALEOGENO YACI~IENTOS [=:J NEOGENO y CUATERNARIO 1 CASASECA DE CAMPEAN 2 CAEN ES 50 Km. 3 SAN MORALES 4 MAZATERON 5 MOLINO DEL PICO Fig. l.-Localización geográfica de los yacimientos con Palaeotheriidae en la Cuenca del Duero. Introducción Por su parte en la subcuenca de Almazán (área orien­ tal, Soria) el conocimiento es mucho más reciente El conocimiento de los mamíferos paleógenos y, (Guisado et al., 1988; Armenteros et al., 1989). Todo en particular, de los Perisodáctilos ha sido franca­ ello ha contribuido al hallazgo de nuevos yacimien­ mente pobre hasta hace muy pocos años en la Cuen­ tos paleontológicos, y de las diversas campañas de ex­ ca del Duero, a pesar de que la presencia de verte­ cavación llevadas a cabo en ellos y en las localidades brados paleógenos es conocida en la zona desde el si­ clásicas ha resultado un importante material paleon­ glo pasado (Vilanova, 1873). Las referencias sobre tológico de reptiles, peces y diversos grupos de ma­ Perisodáctilos se reducen a algunos datos sobre los míferos, cuyo estudio se ha abordado recientemente. Lofiodóntidos del yacimiento zamorano de Corrales (Hernández-Pacheco, 1915; Román y Royo, 1922; Román, 1923) y a simples citas de algunos Paleoté­ Yacimientos estudiados: situación y faunas ridos: Miquel (1906) señala Paloplotherium minus en San Morales (Salamanca), Crusafont y Truyols Los restos estudiados pertenecientes a Palaeothe­ (1957) citan algunos Palaeotherium en Sanzoles (Za­ riidae han sido encontrados en cinco (fig. 1) de los mora) y en ciertas localidades de los alrededores de nueve yacimientos con Perisodáctilos (Cuesta, 1991, Salamanca; Jiménez (1970) resume en su tesis doc­ 1992b), si bien sólo en el de Mazaterón el material toral todos estos hallazgos. A este muy escaso cono­ es abundante, estando el grupo bien diversificado. La cimiento del grupo hay que añadir el hecho de que posición estratigráfica de los yacimientos (fig. 2) se casi todas las piezas a las que hacen referencia se ha­ ha realizado recientemente en base al estudio de Pe­ llan perdidas en la actualidad. En los últimos años, risodáctilos (Cuesta, 1991, 1992b), comprendiendo el a partir de los primeros trabajos sobre los reptiles eo­ Eoceno medio, partes media y superior, posiblemen­ cenos de Salamanca y Zamora de Jiménez (1968, te la parte inferior del Eoceno superior, y el límite 1970, 1971a y b, 1975a, 1977) y de otros de índole es­ Eoceno superior-Oligoceno. Excepto Mazaterón, los tratigráfica y geológica (Jiménez, 1972, 1973, 1974, yacimientos estudiados se sitúan en el llamado aflo­ 1975b; Corrochano, 1974, 1977, 1979) el conocimien­ ramiento paleógeno suroccidental: Casaseca, Cae­ to del Paleógeno de la Cuenca del Duero en el sec­ nes, San Morales, Molino del Pico (Portero et al., tor suroccidental se ha ampliado considerablemente. 1982; Jiménez, 1983a; Jiménez et al., 1983). Este LOS PALAEOTHERIIDAE (PERISSODACTYLA, MAMMALIA) DEL EOCENO DE LA CUENCA DEL DUERO 89 afloramiento forma una banda de dirección N-S de NIVEL DE REFERENCIA CUENCA DEL DUERO 100 km de longitud por 50 km de anchura, exten­ o diéndose por las provincias de Salamanca y Zamora. 0 u Se han descrito numerosas unidades que abarcan des­ ....J a: ...J o w- de el llamado Preluteciense (Jiménez, 1970) hasta el o MP 20 SI. CAPRAISE Oligoceno inferior (para más información y referen­ o w z cias bibliográficas ver: Portero el al., 1982; Jiménez, ::i - el al., <JI o 1983a; Jiménez 1983; Corrochano y Carballei­ o:: z :=; w MP19 ESCAMPS ra, 1983; Alonso-Gavilán, 1981). Mazaterón es el o - - z único yacimiento con Palaeotheriidae situado en la o:: o <t subcuenca de Almazán, en el borde oriental de la W o MP 18 LA DEBRUGE N W Cuenca del Duero. Aquí el Paleógeno forma una po­ o.. <t :::J w en w a:: tente serie adosada a la rama occidental de la cordi­ ~ 1- w MP 17 FONS 4 llera Ibérica (ver referencias en Guisado el al., 1988 Z <JI 1- y Armenteros el al., 1989). Para información sobre O MP 16 ROBIAC Zor- localización geográfica y geológica de los yacimien­ ~ al=w:=; <t<t. 1¡lfal u <JI tos ver Gil (1992); para una revisión de las distintas dataciones ver Jiménez (1992a). Z MP 15 LA L1VINIERE 2 <JI Las faunas encontradas en estos yacimientos se ca­ W W lLl <JI ...J racterizan por la abundancia de restos de Quelonios o Z o <t <t <JI N y cocodrilos (Jiménez, 1968, 1970, 1971a y b, 1975a, W MP14 EGERKINGEN u Z W Z W - ...J ~ 1977, 1978, 1982, 1983b, 1984, 1986, 1992b; Jiménez o - <JI a:: _<t U Z <t -al a:: o y Jambrina, 1984; Jiménez el al., 1987, 1989; Martín w <t <JI :=; a:: <JI MP 13 GEISELTAL OMK u<t <t..., o :> de Jesús, 1986; Martín de Jesús el al., 1987; Mulas ~ Z U ...J W W el al., 1988; Del Prado, 1986; Ortega, 1990; Ortega O ~ y Buscalioni, 1992). Son frecuentes también los pe­ a:: MP 12 GEISELTAL UMK ces (Gaudant, 1984; De la Peña, 1992). Los mamí• feros son en general menos numerosos que los rep­ lLl tiles, siendo los Perisodáctilos el grupo dominante MP 11 GEISELTAL UK (Cuesta, 1988, 1991, 1992b; Jiménez el al., 1989), es­ MP 10 GRAUVES tando presentes tanto Equoidea (Palaeotheriidae y W o:: <JI Pachynolophidae) como Lophiodontidae. Z o W En Mazaterón los Palaeotheriidae son especial­ - MPS-9 AVENAY o:: -a:: mente ricos, con tres formas descritas en este traba­ W 1- jo, habiendo sido determinadas otras cuatro formas LL <JI Z ~ Plagiolophus Plagiolop­ - W MP 7 DORMAAL de Perisodáctilos: nov. sp. 2, Z hus sp., Leplolophus sp. y Paranchilophus remyi (Cuesta, 1991, 1992b). La composición de la fauna Fig. 2.-Posición cronoestratigráfica de los yacimientos de Mamí• de Perisodáctilos del yacimiento, con tres Paleotéri­ feros del Eoceno de la Cuenca del Duero, teniendo en cuenta los dos, 3 Plagiolofinos y un solo Pachynolofino (y la au­ niveles de Schmidt-KittIer (1987) ya partir de Peláez-Campoma- sencia por el momento de Lofiodóntidos), siendo to­ nes el al. (1989). dos muy hipsodontos, es la típica del Eoceno supe­ rior europeo, si bien los numerosos caracteres primi­ tivos de estas formas los aproximan a las especies del Eoceno medio. Peláez-Campomanes el al. (1989), han situado el yacimiento de Miñana (en realidad es otro punto fosilífero del mismo nivel) en MP17 y la fauna de Perisodáctilos de Mazaterón no está en de­ mitivo. Tal combinación es característica de la parte sacuerdo con esta edad; no obstante no se puede des­ media del Eoceno medio (Cuesta, 1991, 1992b). cartar una edad anterior (MP16); la presencia del gé­ En Caenes y San Morales los Perisodáctilos se ca­ nero Leplolophus abogaría por esto último. racterizan por la coexistencia de Lofiodóntidos (me­ En el resto de yacimientos los Paleotéridos están nos diversificados que en Casaseca) , con líneas de representados por muy escaso material.
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