Fourth Romanian-Bulgarian-Hungarian-Serbian

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN

CONFERENCE CONFERENCE

ROMANIAN | BULGARIAN | HUNGARIAN | SERBIAN Geographical ResearchConference and of Cross-Border CooperationGeographical withinResearch the and Lower Cross-Border Basin of Cooperationthe Danube within the Lower Basin of the Danube

ABSTRACTS

ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN of the oral and poster presentations

FOURTH VIDIN – BULGARIA 15–17 September 2016 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE

ROMANIAN | BULGARIAN | HUNGARIAN | SERBIAN Conference of Geographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube Geographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

ABSTRACTS of the oral and poster presentations

VIDIN – BULGARIA 15–17 September 2016 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE Abstracts of the oral and poster presentations

Editor in chief: Prof. Nelly Hristova Editors: Prof. Boengiu Sandu Assoc. prof. Slavoljub Dragićević Assoc. prof. Nina Nikolova Peter Bajmocy

Logo design: assoc. prof. Stevan Savic

Printed by Tip-top press ISBN 978-954-723-179-5

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE is jointly organized by Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University and Association of Profession- al Geographers and Regionalists, Bulgaria. Co-organizers –„St. Cyril and St. Methodius“ University of Veliko Tarnovo, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The conference is supported by Sofia University Scientific Fund (contract 125/2016). FOREWORD

Dear conference participants Dear conference guests Dear friends and colleagues

It is our great pleasure and honor to warmly welcome all of you to the 4th ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE. We are de- lighted to have you here in Vidin, Bulgaria, to share your scientific achievements and expertise. Thank you very much for your participation! We would like to remember the success of the previous conferences held in 2010, 2012 and 2014 where we have experienced a growing number of participants. Following this success we organize the 4th conference as a multidisciplinary and intercultural scientific event which presents the results from research work in all fields of geography and related disciplines with the accent on cross-border cooperation within the lower basin of the Danube. Our aim is to draw the attention of the researchers and the society to the environmental and socio-economic processes which have specific regional importance. One of the main tasks of the science in the modern society is to improve the interaction between researchers, government institutions, NGOs and business. We have no doubt that previous studies of geographical sciences have achieved high public recognition and they have contributed significantly to the constructive participation of the academic community in the development of an effective policy for solving the problems related to the interaction in the system “human – environment” The 4th Romanian-Bulgarian-Hungarian-Serbian Conference offers the participants the chance to meet old and new friends, to strengthen the relationships and to start collaborations. We sincerely hope that this conference will lead to deepening and improvement of the cooperation between research institutions and the society on different territorial levels and will bring to further development of geographical sciences. We wish all the participants attending the conference the fruitful discussions and new academic contacts for expansion of international collaboration. We hope that all participants will have a memorable experience and a won- derful time in Vidin, Bulgaria, and will carry pleasant memories of the Bulgar- ian hospitality. Organising Committee

III Scientific Advisory Committee

Romania Alina Vlădut, University of Craiova Boengiu Sandu, University of Craiova Dan Bălteanu, Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy Ioan Ianos, University of Bucharest Liliana Popescu, University of Craiova Monica Dumitrascu, Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy Petru Urdea, West University of Timisoara

Bulgaria Atanas Dermendzhiev, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo Boian Kulov, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, BAS Kosyo Stoychev, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Mariana Nikolova, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, BAS Milen Penerliev, Constantine of Preslav University of Shumen Nelly Hristova, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Nina Nikolova, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”

Serbia Lazar Lazić, University of Novi Sad Marko Petrović, Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić”, SASA Milan Radovanović, Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić”, SASA Nenad Živković, University of Belgrade Slavoljub Dragićević, University of Belgrade Snežana Djurdjić, University of Belgrade Stevan Savić, University of Novi Sad Vanja Dragićević, University of Novi Sad Vesna Lukić, Institute of Social Sciences, Demographic Research Center

Hungary Dénes Lóczy, DSc, University of Pécs János Unger, University of Szeged Jozsef Szátmari, University of Szeged Croatia Sanja Klempić Bogadi, Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies Slovakia Marian Melo, Comenius University Michal Klaučo, Matej Bel University Slovenia David Bole, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Moldova Dorin Lozovanu, Moldova State University

Local Organising Committee Kosyo Stoychev, Assoc. Prof., Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, APGR, Co-chair Nina Nikolova, Assoc. Prof., Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski, Co-chair Marin Rusev, Assoc. Prof., Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, APGR Ivan Penkov, Assoc. Prof., Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski Dessislava Poleganova, Assist. Prof., Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Kalina Radeva, Assist. Prof., Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Atanas Dermendzhiev, Prof., St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, APGR Boris Kazakov, Assist. Prof., National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, BAS Aleksandar Penkov, PhD student, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Mario Petkov, PhD student, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Miglena Klisarova, PhD student, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”

IV CONFERENCE AIMS This interdisciplinary and cross-cultural meeting welcomes presentations on geographic research and cross border cooperation within the Danube basin. The event targets a broad spectrum of participants, recog- nizing the multidisciplinary research in geography and other related disciplines. The conference aims to: Present the status of scientific approaches within the Dan- ube lower basin Discuss the role of geographical research in cross-border issues Bring together scientists, academics, practitioners with a view to strengthening and promoting the cross-border cooperation Define the priorities concerning various aspects -of geo graphical research

CONFERENCE THEMES I. Geography, Governance and Local Development II. Cross-border and Transnational Cooperation III. Environment, Risk Assessment and Management IV. Climate Change and Water Resources V. GIS, Landscape Analysis and Landscape Planning VI. Cultural and Political Challenges in Geography VII. Population trends, Human Mobility and Emigration VIII. Sustainable Tourism Policy, Planning and Development IX. Geography Education

CONFERENCE TIME 15–17 September 2016

V CONTENTS

PLENARY SESSION 1 OBSTACLES AND STRENGTHS FOR A COMPETITIVE SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN SPACE Ioan Ianos...... 1 FLOODPLAIN REHABILITATION IN HUNGARY Dénes Lóczy, József Dezső, Szabolcs Czigány...... 2 BORDERS AND BORDER REGIONS WITHIN THE DANUBE BASIN Gyula Ocskay, Teodor Gyelník, Márton Pete...... 3 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN SERBIA AS A FORM OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION Stefana Babović, Suzana Lović Obradović, Milan Radovanović...... 4 THE GEOGRAPHIC PASSPORT – А SYNTHESIS BETWEEN ISARD’S INDEX OF LOCALIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPORTIONS Marin Roussev, Kosyo Stoychev...... 5

I SESSION GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNANCE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT 6 CHALLENGES OF SCIENCE-SOCIETY INTERACTIONS IN THE FRAME OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Aneliya Paneva...... 6 ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN PRESSURE ON THE ENVIRONMENT. CASE STUDY: GRECEŞTI (DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA) Daniel Simulescu, Oana Ionuş, Sandu Boengiu, Emil Marinescu ...... 7 NEW PARADIGMS OF THE TERRITORY MANAGEMENT FOR 21TH CENTURY. SHARING SOLUTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF RIVERS AREAS. A CHALLANGE FOR LOWER DANUBE AREAS Adriano Ciani, Massimo Bastiani ...... 8

VI FACTORS FOR THE ECONOMIC MARGINALIZATION OF NORTHWESTERN STATISTICS REGION AND THE INSTRUMENTS FOR ITS OVERCOME Dimitar Dimitrov...... 9 GEODIVERSITY AND GEOHERITAGE IN GEOGRAPHY TEACHING FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING STUDENTS’ COMPETENCES IN EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Dobrila Lukic, Sladjana Andjelkovic, Vojislav Dedjanski...... 10 MEASURING THE COMPLEX SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE DANUBE-ADJACENT NUTS2 REGIONS Hristo Dokov, Ivaylo Stamenkov...... 11 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FDI’S SPATIAL LOCALIZATION MODELS IN THE DANUBE PROVINCES OF BULGARIA Kalina Milkova, Hristo Dokov...... 12 THE ROLE OF RURAL INNOVATION IN HUNGARIAN VILLAGES Iren Szörényiné Kukorelli...... 13 INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN BULGARIA – CONSERVATION, RENNOVATION AND SMARTH GROWTH Kosyo Stoychev...... 14 CROSS-BORDER SHOPPING OF SLOVAK CONSUMERS IN AUSTRIA: CASE STUDY FROM HAINBURG AN DER DONAU (AUSTRIA) František Križan, Peter Barlík, Kristína Bilková...... 15 GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGES OF THE BOSUT RIVER BASIN Siniša Maričić, Tatjana Mijušković-Svetinović...... 16 URBANIZATION IN THE AREA OF DANUBE RIVER IN SERBIA Jelena Milanković Jovanov, Smiljana Đukičin, Tijana Đorđević, Ljubica Bibić Ivanović...... 17 PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL (ECONOMIC) GEOGRAPHY Onik Arabyan ...... 18 TERRITORIAL DISPARITIES IN THE SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE IN ROMANIAN DANUBE VALLEY Nicoleta Damian, Irena Mocanu, Bianca Mitrică, Paul Şerban, Mihaela Persu, Daniela Nancu, Radu Săgeată...... 19

VII THE “LOWER DANUBE” SYNTAGMA – A KEY FOCUS IN THE ROMANIAN PROJECTS FOR EUROPEAN FUNDING IN SOUTH-EASTER REGION OF ROMANIA Violeta Pușcașu...... 20 POST EARLY PLISTOCENE PATTERN OF THE SOUTH MOESIAN MORPHOSTRUCTURAL ZONE Svetla Stankova, Tzanko Tzankov...... 21 CIRCULAR AND ELLIPSOIDAL TECTONIC STRUCTURES IN THE HINOVA – NEGOTIN – VRATA AND SALCIA – WEST VIDIN – LOM AREAS Mircea Ţicleanu, Radu Nicolescu, Flori Culescu and Octavian Colţoi...... 22 URBAN EXPANSION OF “ERBIL” CITY & ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING Azad Mohammed Ameen Kakashekh...... 23 STUDIES ON PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON THE IV. AND V. TERRACES OF RED HILL (MORAVIA) Éva Kis, Ferenc Schweitzer, Dénes Lóczy, János Balogh, József Szeberényi, István Viczián, Tímea Prodán...... 24 INVESTIGATIONS OF BANK EROSION ALONG THE LOWER TISZA IN HUNGARY Éva Kis, Dénes Lóczy, Ferenc Schweitzer, János Balogh, József Szeberényi, István Viczián, Tímea Prodán...... 25 PETROGRAPHICAL GRAVEL ANALYSE IN THE VISEGRAD GORGE, HUNGARY József Szeberényi, Éva Kis, Sándor Józsa, István Simon, János Balogh, Klaudia Kiss, György Varga, István Viczián, Tímea Prodan, Ernő Prácser...... 26 ENGINEERING GEOMORPHOLOGICAL METHODS USED IN THE REHABILITATION PROJECTS OF DANUBE’S LANDSLIDE-THREATENED BLUFFS- AT KULCS AND RÁCALMÁS (HUNGARY) István Viczián, Tímea Prodán, János Balogh, Balázs Füsi, Éva Kis, Ernő Prácser, József Szeberényi...... 27

II SESSION CROSS-BORDER AND TRANSNATIONAL COOPERATION 29 CULTURAL ROUTES – TRANS-BORDER TOURIST DESTINATIONS WITHIN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE Željko Bjeljac, Aleksandra Terzić...... 29

VIII SOME ASPECTS OF THE REGIONAL COOPERATION ON THE BALKANS Mariya Grozeva...... 30 THE DIVIDING ROLE OF THE DANUBE: THE GEOPOLITICAL BACKGROUNDS OF FLUVIAL BORDERS AND BRIDGES Tamás Hardi...... 31 FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF TISZA RIVER IN PANNONIAN BASIN Igor Leščešen, Dragan Dolinaj, Marko Urošev, Milana Pantelić, TelbiszTamás,Varga György...... 32 THE ROLE OF INTERFIRM TRANSACTIONS ON CROSS BORDER INTEGRATION IN EAST ASIA: A CASE STUDY OF INTERLINK AGES BETWEEN BUSAN AND FUKUOKA Jonghyun Park, Masahiko Fujimura...... 33 A POSSIBLE COOPERATION SUPPORTED BY THE INTERREG DANUBE PROGRAMME: GUIDE FOR FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT, BLUE AND GREENWAY PLANNING IN DANUBE REGION COUNTRIES Peter Szilassi, Gabor Mezosi...... 34 CBC PROGRAMMES IMPACT IN NORTHWEST NUTS II REGION OF BULGARIA IN THE PERIOD 2007-2013 Veselina Georgieva...... 35 ENVIRONMENTAL COHESION ACROSS THE HUNGARIAN-CROATIAN BORDER: DISCUSSIONS AND COOPERATION ON DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONAL LEVELS Viktor Varjú...... 36 ON THE POSSIBILITY OF EXTENDING THE EUROPEAN GREEN BELT TO THE BULGARIAN-ROMANIAN BORDER REGION Zoltán Zakota, Tamás Z. Zakota...... 37 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE RESEARCH IN THE LOWER DANUBE BASIN – COLLABORATIVE PERSPECTIVES Dan Balteanu, Wolfram Mauser, Christoph Heinzeller, Monica Dumitrascu, Mihaela Sima, Diana Dogaru...... 38 TERRITORIAL DISPARITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIA’S BORDER AREAS. EU VS. NON-EU Monica Dumitraşcu, Bianca Mitrică, Irena Mocanu, Ines Grigorescu, Costin Dumitraşcu...... 39

IX III SESSION ENVIRONMENT, RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 40 GEOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF GJUMJURDZHINSKI SNEZHNIK RIDGE (PAPIKIO OROS/KARLAL DAĞI), EASTERN RHODOPES MTS. Aleksandar Sarafov, Ahinora Baltakova, Rossitza Kenderova...... 40 CHOROLOGY OF VULNERABLE BRYOPHYTES SPECIES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Adam Begu, Ala Donica...... 41 A KINEMATIC MODEL OF SEISMIC EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FROM VRANCEA DEEP EARTHQUAKE SOURCE Boyko Ranguelov...... 42 GEOECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE AREA OF SPECIAL NATURE RESERVE “STARI BEGEJ - CARSKA BARA”, SERBIA Branko Protić...... 43 RECONSTRUCTING THE RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE PRUT RIVER CHANNEL IN IAŞI COUNTY SECTOR (NE ROMANIA) USING CARTOGRAPHIC, REMOTE SENSING AND GPS DATA George Daniel Butnariu, Florian Stătescu, Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint and Mihai Niculiţă...... 44 IMPORTANCE OF IBAS, IPAS AND PBAS FOR PROCESS OF NATURE CONSERVATION HARMONIZATION IN CROSS-BORDER REGIONS WITHIN THE LOWER BASIN OF THE DANUBE Snežana Djurdjić, Sanja Stojković, Marija Belij, Jelena Belij...... 45 THE PRESENCE OF SOME SPECIES IN THE FAMILY TRICHONISCIDAE SARS, 1899 (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA) AS A BIOINDICATOR OF CALCIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT, PRELIMINARY RESULTS Dragan Dolinaj, Mladen Horvatović, Uglješa Stankov, Milana Pantelić...... 46 DATA ANALISYS OF WAHASTRAT MONITORING SYSTEM–TYPOLOGY, ACQUISITION AND DATA INTEROPERABILITY (FROM DATA TO INFORMATION) Srđan Popov, Dragan Dolinaj, Uglješa Stankov, Dragoslav Pavić, Đorđe Ćosić, Tanja Armenski, Ljiljana Popović...... 47 CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF VEGETATION AND HABITATS THROUGH THE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF MANAGED RESERVE „IBISHA“ Dimitar Pavlov, Petar Petrov, Ekaterina Pavlova, Elena Georgieva...... 48

X PROFILE OF THE FLOOD RISK IN THE DANUBE FLOODPLAIN – DOLJ AREA (ROMANIA) Oana Ionuş, Mihaela Licurici, Cristiana Vîlcea ...... 49 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL HAZARD FOR HEAVY METAL AND ARSENIC POLLUTION OF THE LOWER DANUBE LOWLANDS Tsvetan Kotsev, Velimira Stoyanova, Mariyana Nikolova, Marian Varbanov...... 50 THE MEDITERRANEAN OSCILLATION (MOI) AND THE FOREST FIRES IN ROMANIA IN THE PERIOD 1986-2014 Milan Milenković, Vladan Ducić, Violeta Babić...... 51 TWO EXAMPLES OF MODERN LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY IN SOUTHWEST BULGARIA Miroslav Ivanov, Georgi Manolev, Krasimir Stoianov...... 52 EXTREME PRECIPITATION IN PROVADIYSKA RIVER BASIN (NORTHEASTERN BULGARIA) FOR THE PERIOD 1994‒2008 Nina Chenkova, Dimitar Vladev...... 53 PRESSURE AND RELEASE AND SWISS CHEESE: A COMPARISON OF DISASTER MODELS FOR FLOOD AREAS ALONG THE LOWER DANUBE RIVER Iuliana Armas, Radu Ionescu, Cristina Nenciu Posner...... 54 INTEGRATING LAND USE /COVER ASSESSMENT AND FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT IN BURGAS REGION, BULGARIA Rumiana Vatseva, Lyubka Pashova...... 55 FROM RESOURCES TO SERVICES – MAPPING PROVISIONING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE DANUBE PLAIN (VIDIN REGION) Rositsa Yaneva...... 56 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ASSESSMENT OF RISKY BIOCLIMATIC PHENOMENA Zoya Mateeva...... 57 USE OF THE UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS IN CONDITIONS OF CRISIS SITUATIONS Anton Filipov...... 58

IV SESSION CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER RESOURCES 59 ESTIMATION OF FLOOD EXTREMES IN THE SERBIAN PART OF THE DANUBE Ana Milanović Pešić...... 59

XI LOW-FLOW PERIOD SEPARATION OF DANUBE TRIBUTARIES IN BULGARIA FOR A DRY AND A WET YEAR Nelly Hristova...... 60 PRECIPITATION PROJECTIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY OVER THE CARPATHIAN BASIN Anett Csorvási...... 61 CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT IMPACTS IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN Viktória Blanka, Zsuzsanna Ladányi, Gábor Mezősi, János Rakonczai...... 62 CHANGES IN HEAT WAVES INDICES IN SOUTHERN ROMANIA Adina-Eliza Croitoru, Adrian Piticar, Flavius Antoniu Ciupertea, Cristina Florina Roșca...... 63 OUTDOOR HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT IN THE CITY OF NOVI SAD (SERBIA) Dragan Milošević, Stevan Savić...... 64 PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF KARST WATER REGIME IN THE DANUBE RIVER CATCHMENT AREA AT THE BULGARIAN TERRITORY Evelina Damyanova, Aleksey Benderev...... 65 MULTI YEAR CHANGES OF THE RIVER DANUBE WATER LEVEL IN THE BULGARIAN SECTION Kristina Gartsiyanova, Marian Varbanov...... 66 LOCAL CLIMATES OF VARDAR, STRUMA AND MESTA VALLEYS ACCORDING TO KÖPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION Hristo Popov...... 67 ASSESSMENT OF KARST WATER IN NORTHWEST BULGARIA Maria Temelkova...... 68 WATER RESOURCES DETERMINATION OF SURFACE WATER BODIES AT THE BULGARIAN BASINS OF THE LOWER DANUBE P. Ninov, Tz. Karagiozova, M. Rankova ...... 69 THE EXTREME WINTER OF 1783/1784 AND FLOODS IN CENTRAL EUROPE Marián Melo, Ingrid Damborská, Peter Pišút, Peter Škoda...... 70 SHIFT OF CLIMATIC ZONES IN THE DANUBIAN LOWLAND IN SLOVAKIA BASED ON KONČEK’S CLASSIFICATION Marián Melo, Milan Lapin, Martin Gera, Ingrid Damborská...... 71

XII FAUNISTIC STUDY OF THE DANUBE ISLAND TSIBAR Roumiana Metcheva, Michaela Beltcheva, Borislav Naumov, Yordan Yankov, Tanio Mitchev, Lyubomir Profirov, Plamen Mitov, Lyubomir Kenderov, Elena Georgieva, Petar Petrov, Stoyan Goranov...... 72 WATER QUALITY OF THE DANUBE RIVER IN SERBIA DOWNSTREAM FROM THE DJERDAP LAKE Dragana Milijašević...... 73 IMPACT OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN EUROPEAN AREA ON THE CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE – CASE STUDY OF BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATORY “MOUSSALA” Nina Nikolova, Christo Angelov, Todor Arsov, Spasimir Pilev, Nina Nikolova...... 74 THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF LOCAL CLIMATE ZONES UNDER IDEAL AND AVERAGE CONDITIONS IN SZEGED BASED ON A ONE-YEAR MONITORING NETWORK DATASET Nóra Skarbit, Tamás Gál, János Unger, Attila Kovács...... 75 CLIMATIC INDEXES DERIVED FROM METEOROLOGICAL STATION ZEMEN AND THEIR APPLICATION IN AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESERCH Hristo Popov, Petko Bozhkov, Aleksandar Peichev, Alexandar Sarafov...... 76 CHANGES IN COLD WAVES PARAMETERS IN SOUTHERN ROMANIA Adrian Piticar, Adina-Eliza Croitoru, Gabriela Victoria Harpa, Andrea Sabina Scripcă...... 77 HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN THE DANUBE PLAIN, BULGARIA Kalina Radeva, Nina Nikolova...... 78 ONE YEAR INTRA-URBAN CLIMATE OBSERVATION IN NOVI SAD (SERBIA) Stevan Savić, Dragan Milošević...... 79 ALTERATION OF SPATIAL PATTERNS OF NOCTURNAL CLIMATE INDICIES DURING THE 21TH CENTURY IN CASE OF SZEGED, HUNGARY Tamás Gál, Nóra Skarbit...... 80 ASSESSING FLOOD RISK USING GIS IN KANJIZA (SERBIA) Vladimir Markovic, Ugljesa Stankov, Imre Nagy...... 81

XIII ANALYSIS OF THE MEAN OF DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE ROMANIAN PLAIN (1961 – 2015) Alina Vladut...... 82

V SESSION GIS, LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS AND LANDSCAPE PLANNING 83 GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SNOW DEPTH: A STUDY OF WESTERN RHODOPES, BULGARIA Valentina Nikolova, Aleksandar Penkov...... 83 APPLICATION OF GIS TECHNIQUES FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF LAND DEGRADATION EXPOSED TO FLOOD RISK AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. CASE: DOLJ COUNTY (ROMANIA) Cristian Emil IONICA...... 84 ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL LOSS CAUSED BY RIVERBANK EROSION IN SERBIA Slavoljub Dragićević, Nenad Živković, Ivan Novković, Radislav Tošić...... 85 COMPLEX AND MULTISCALE LANDSCAPE STUDIES IN THE NORTHWESTERN BULGARIA WITH APPLICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HIGHER EDUCATION Natalia Kalutskova, Nicolay Dronin, Natalia Telnova...... 86 FLOOD VULNERABLE AREAS IN SLOVAKIA BASED ON MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS Martina Zeleňáková, Peter Blišťan, Pavol Purcz...... 87 AN ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT HISTORICAL ANTHROPIC LAKES NETWORK IN NORTHERN PART OF THE MOLDAVIAN PLATEAU (NE ROMANIA) BASED ON HIGH RESOLUTION LIDAR DEM INVENTORY AND GEOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF ABANDONED DAMS Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint, Mihai Niculiţă...... 88 GIS ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING OF CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF HISTORICAL CENTERS OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES. CASE STUDY: REŞIŢA MUNICIPALITY George-Laurentiu Merciu, Vlad Păunescu, Cristina Merciu, Loreta Cercleux...... 89 MAPPING AND ANALYSES OF STRUCTURAL INDICES OF THE TOPOLOVETS RIVER BASIN Mitko Mitev...... 90

XIV SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LINEAR MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF ARCHAR RIVER BASIN Mitko Mitev, Velimira Stoyanova...... 91 THE EFFECTS OF ROAD DENSITY ON HABITATS FROM THE NATURA 2000 SITES IN ROMANIA Mihaita Iulian Niculae, Gabriel Ovidiu Vanau, Sorin Avram, Maria Patroescu...... 92 OPEN SOURCE WEB-BASED GIS VISUALIZATION TOOL OF WATER RELATED DATA FOR THE RIVER BASIN OF YANTRA Tanya Trenkova...... 93 LANDSCAPE PLANNING: LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARK FRUŠKA GORA Nevena Vasiljević, Boris Radić, Dejan Djordjević...... 94

VI SESSION CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES IN GEOGRAPHY 95 „LIMES ROUTE” THE NEXT WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN HUNGARY Bulcsú Remenyik, Lajos Szabó, László Guth...... 95 THE EMPIRE AS A HERITAGE (TURKEY – THEN, NOW AND …) Atanas Dermendzhiev, Plamen Parashkevov, Martin Doykov...... 96 BEHAVIOURAL GEOGRAPHY OR BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH – CURRENT CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS Dessislava Poleganova...... 97

VII SESSION POPULATION TRENDS, HUMAN MOBILITY AND EMIGRATION 98 DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF THE LOWER DANUBE AREA IN SERBIA Aleksandra Gajić, Nikola Krunić...... 98 VILLAGES ON THE EDGE OF EXTINCTION – THE HUNGARIAN SITUATION Péter Bajmócy, Zsófia Makra...... 99 EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE AND DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF THE POPULATION IN VIDIN DISTRICT IN RELATION TO THE EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE Boris Kazakov...... 100

XV DEPOPULATION IN RURAL AREAS OF DOBRUDZA REGION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SCHOOL NETWORK Milen Penerliev, Leyla Shefka, Veselin Petkov, Gergana Hristova...... 101 ETHNIC DIVERSITY LINKED TO DWELLING QUALITY ALONG THE ROMANIAN DANUBE VALLEY Bianca Mitrică, Irena Mocanu, Mihaela Persu, Nicoleta Damian, Săgeată Radu, Daniela Nancu...... 102 CONSIDERATIONS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF POPULATION FROM BOTOSANI COUNTY IN MADRID CITY (SPAIN) Petru Bunduc, Tatiana Bunduc, Vadim Cujbă...... 103 INCIDENCE OF EXTRAMARITAL BIRTHS IN BORSKA AREA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY Radmila Veljović...... 104 SERBIA IN A MOBILE WORLD: REFRAMING THE MIGRATION QUESTION Vesna Lukić...... 105

VIII SESSION SUSTAINABLE TOURISM POLICY, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 106 THE IMPLICATIONS OF URBAN REGENERATION IN TOURISM. CRAIOVA CITY AS A CASE STUDY Amalia Bădiță, Liliana Popescu...... 106 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE REGION OF THE DANUBE THROUGH SERBIA, WITH A FOCUS ON TOURISM Selim Sacirovic, Andjelina Maric, Redzep Skrijelj...... 107 EVALUATION OF CHANGE IN TOURISM CLIMATE POTENTIAL IN HUNGARY Attila Kovács, János Unger...... 108 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND PROTECTION OF THE DANUBE CORRIDOR – RELATIVIZING THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST Jelena Basaric, Jasmina Djurdjevic, Sasa Milijic...... 109 RAMSAR SITES IN VOJVODINA AS DESTINATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM – PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Marija Belij, Jelena Belij, Snežana Đurđić, Sanja Stojković, Marina Ilinčić...... 110

XVI TOURISM IN THE AREA OF SPECIAL NATURE RESERVE “DELIBLATSKA PEŠČARA” (SERBIA) Jovana Brankov, Tamara Jojić Glavonjić, Milan Milenković, Željko Bjeljac...... 111 RURAL TOURISM AND AGRITOURISM: AS DRIVER OF THE SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE LOWER DANUBE BASIN AREAS. PROPOSAL FOR CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION STRATEGY Adriano Ciani, Mihály Lászlo Vörös...... 112 BULGARIAN LEGISLATION ON TOURISM COMPLAINTS – GUIDELINES FOR UPDATE Desislava Hineva...... 113 CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN TRANSPORT IN SOFIA Kaloyan Tsvetkov...... 114 CYCLING TOURISM ROUTES AS INSTRUMENT FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRANS-NATIONAL COOPERATION WITHIN THE LOWER BASIN OF THE DANUBE Kiril Kaloyanov...... 115 THE RIVER AS A SUSTAINABLE ATTRACTION WITHIN THE OFFERING OF RIVERSIDE HOTELS LOCATED IN CITIES OF THE DANUBE’S LOWER BASIN Ákos Kátay...... 116 THE STRUCTURE OF AGRI-TOURISTIC MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES ALONG THE DANUBE BETWEEN OSTROV AND TOPALU, ROMANIA Marius Popescu, Romulus Gruia...... 117 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM POLICY, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN VIEW OF THE DANUBE STRATEGY Mirela Mazilu, Sabina Gheorgheci...... 118 THE EUROGITES STANDARDS’ ROLE IN EVALUATION OF AGRITOURIST SERVICES – THE CASE OF SERBIA Marko D. Petrović, Aleksandra Terzić, Ana Jovičić, Aleksandra Vujko, Jovana Brankov...... 119 A HOLISTIC APPROACH OF AGRITOURISM DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS Marko D. Petrović, Aleksandra Vujko, Darko Vuković, Dunja Demirović, Snježana Gagić...... 120

XVII COMPETITIVENESS OF TOURISM DESTINATIONS. OLTENIA (ROMANIA) AS CASE STUDY Liliana Popescu, Amalia Badita, Costela Iordache, Cristina Sosea...... 121 EDUCATION THROUGH EXCURSIONS IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE CASE OF NATIONAL PARK ĐERDAP Sara Stanić Jovanović, Milena Cvetković...... 122 USING THE EXPERIENCE OF NATURAL PARK SPESSART, GERMANY, FOR THE MARKETING OF GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE AT THE ASPIRING GEOPARK BELOGRADCHISHKI SKALI Yana Mateeva...... 123 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE DISTRICT OF VIDIN – KEY DEVELOPMENT CATEGORIES AND FACTORS Miglena Klisarova...... 124

IX SESSION GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION 125 GUIDE TO THE SELF-EVALUATION OF TEACHING ACTIVITIES AND SCHOOL ACTIVITIES AS AN INSTRUMENT OF EDUCATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT Ljubica Ivanović Bibić, Smiljana Đukičin, Anđelija Ivkov-Džigurski, Aleksandra Dragin, Jelena Milanković, Olja Maričić, Ivan Stojšić...... 125 AN OPTION FOR CREATIVE DIDACTICAL MODELING IN TEACHING GEOGRAPHY – CASE-STUDY Stela Dermendzhieva, Petya Sabeva, Lachezar Yordanov...... 126 CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE “REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND GEOECONOMICS” DEGREE AT THE “ST. CYRIL AND ST. METHODIUS” UNIVERSITY OF VELIKO TARNOVO Atanas Dermendzhiev, Dimitar Simeonov, Martin Doykov...... 127 “CUBE JENA” – ABOUT THE PERSPECTIVES IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION Maya Vasileva, Dessislava Poleganova, Lucila Tzankova...... 129 COMPARATIVE SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN SECONDARY EDUCATION Stella Dermendzhieva, Tamara Draganova...... 130

XVIII ABSTRACTS of the oral and poster presentations XX FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PLENARY SESSION

OBSTACLES AND STRENGTHS FOR A COMPETITIVE SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN SPACE

Ioan Ianos University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected]

South-Eastern European space is tions for diminishing the role of ob- the poorest area on the continent. In stacles. This area has many our intervention we will try to extend strengths, and the capacity of deci- the development vision at the whole sion makers at all levels is essential East-European space. Usually, the to valorize it. Taking into account the majority of studies are focused on human potential with its stock of in- the EU members only, and very few telligence, natural resources, the im- of them are concerned about the en- portance of the metropolis in the de- tire area. The last years of European velopment of SEE space, this space development show an increasing has the chance to become more gap between this periphery and Eu- competitive. At the same time, the ropean core. Searching solutions to opportunities created by the Danube mitigate the European discrepancies Valley, the Mediteranean Sea and and to alleviate these dangerous Black Sea constitute real premises to trends for the future should have an accelerate the development. Obvi- appropriate framework for the next ously, another huge opportunity is steps. The first step is to make an represented by the European Union ojective analysis on the obstacles countries, which which serve as an and strengths of this area. This pres- axis for this space. From strategic entation defines the weaknesses of point of view, it is very important to this area, starting from the history define and implement a sustainable until present-day geopolitical situa- and fruitful cooperation policy using tion. How the people could realize the regional resources and their di- that together it’s possible to touch versity. the performance in the territorial development? Historical tolerance, Key words: territorial diversity, deve proximities, complementary resourc- lopment discrepancies, regional coopera es, dispersion of good experiences tion, competitive space, South-Eastern a.s.o. could represent some solu- Europe

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 1 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FLOODPLAIN REHABILITATION IN HUNGARY

Dénes Lóczy, József Dezső, Szabolcs Czigány Institute of Geography, University of Pécs, Hungary [email protected]

Floodplains are usually terrains the oxbow lake and groundwater in of good water availability and, there- the environs, using data from fore, valuable agricultural areas. In groundwater observation wells. The the morphological floodplain of the assessment of the present water re- Hungarian Drava River, the constant plenishment project indicate that entrenchment of the riverbed and hydrogeological conditions induce dropping water levels, coupled with significant losses to groundwater environmental change, induced un- and indirectly to the Drava River. favourable trends, i.e. increasing The groundwater table cannot be frequency of drought. To counter stabilized since groundwater is negative trends in groundwater lev- drained by the gradual incision of els and to bring socioeconomic pro- the Drava channel. The envisioned gress to the region, a large-scale water replenishment will certainly development project, called Old exert positively influence to some Drava Programme, has been ecosystem services (such as flood- launched. A water replenishment water retention, aquatic and riverine scheme stands in the focus, which is biodiversity), but others (such as meant to improve water availability groundwater recharge, water purifi- in the floodplain through raising wa- cation, sediment and nutrient reten- ter levels in the oxbows and indi- tion, carbon storage) will remain un- rectly improve soil moisture condi- affected or even show deterioration. tions for both agricultural and pro- Authors are grateful for financial tected natural areas. For the assess- support from the Hungarian National ment of the success of the water Scientific Research Fund (OTKA, governance scheme, more detailed contacts nos K 104552 and 108755). assessments of possible water sources, soil conditions and vegeta- Key words: floodplain, drought, tion cover were necessary. We stud- groundwater, oxbows, rehabilitation, ied hydraulic connectivity between Drava River, Hungary

2 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria BORDERS AND BORDER REGIONS WITHIN THE DANUBE BASIN

Gyula Ocskay, Teodor Gyelník, Márton Pete Central European Service for Cross-border Initiatives, Hungary [email protected]

The average size of the member there are major differences be- countries of the European Union tween the socio-economic conditions Strategy for Danube Region of the member countries of the (EUSDR) is approx. 75 000 km2 EUSDR; which means that significant part of the macro-regional strategy and its population lives close to the bor- the DTP have been launched with a ders. 42,7% of the total surface of view to strengthening territorial, the macro-region belongs to direct economic and social cohesion within border areas (in a distance of 25km the Danube basin, thus decreasing at maximum) which underlines the differences in development levels; importance of cross-border cooperation in the strengthening of the in- the separating effects of the bor- ternal cohesion of the region. ders clearly hamper this cohesion My presentation is based on the building process, consequently, results of two research projects car- cross-border cooperation in general ried out by CESCI during the previ- assumes particular significance ous years: the regional analysis of therein; the Danube Transnational Pro- apart from the importance gramme (DTP) and the project called cross-border cooperation in general ‘Crossing the borders’ realised in line has, institutionalised forms thereof with the road map of the PA10 of the have direct impact on territorial co- EUSDR aiming to unfold the poten- hesion and on the development of a tials and experiences of cross-border common regional identity. cooperation within the macro-region. The main points of the presenta- Key words: territorial cohesion, tion can be summarized in the fol- cross-border cooperation, macro-region- lowings: al strategy, EUSDR

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 3 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN SERBIA AS A FORM OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION

Stefana Babović, Suzana Lović Obradović, Milan Radovanović Geographical institute „Jovan Cvijić“, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

The forms of foreign direct ined from domestic and foreign scien- vestments, that represent the instru- tific papers, as well as from the offi- ment of cross-border cooperation, cial electronic database. Given data are Greenfield and Brownfield- in are connected to the traffic network vestments. On the territory of the of Serbia, and the goal was to realize Republic of Serbia, during the period its influence on choosing locations 2000–2016, were established 151 for foreign direct investments. Greenfielad and 15 Brownfield com- Favorable geo traffic position of panies.The sum of investments of the towns, where the company these 166 companies was near € seats are located, has great signifi- 7.000.000.000.The origin of the cap- cance in the work of these compa- ital is from 18 European countries, nies due to the reduction of trans- then from United States, Taiwan, port costs. This paper analyzed China, South Korea, Canada and In- companies’ selection of location and dia. The largest number of invest- their position in relation to the main ments is from Italy (30), Germany roads in the country – Corridor X. (29), Austria (17) and Slovenia (16). Zonation of companies and towns Most Greenfield and Brownfield com- where they are located, depending panies belong to the secondary and on their distance from the corridor tertiary sectors of the economy, X, were processed in Tatuk GIS while 22 companies belong to qua- software program. Results showed ternary sector (real estate, tourism, that the most of companies (102) financial, insurance and pension, tel- were located at a distance to the 10 ecomunication, film industry, soft- kilometers from the highway. ware and ICT). The methods of analysis, synthe- Key words: Greenfield and Brownfield sis, comparative and mapping were investments, cross-border cooperation, used in this paper. Data were collect- Coridor X, TatukGIS software program

4 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE GEOGRAPHIC PASSPORT – А SYNTHESIS BETWEEN ISARD’S INDEX OF LOCALIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPORTIONS

Marin Roussev, Kosyo Stoychev Department of Regional and Political Geography, Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

Spatial imbalances/dispropor- matical properties of proportions tions of social development are a used for hierarchically subordinate geographic axiom predefined by statistical closed territorial systems. undeniable natural determinism. In this way each territorial unit could The indeterministic social influence be represented through a geograph- on them may either slightly reduce ical passport, which presents it or significantly increase them. Tra- through an unlimited number of uni- ditionally, the measurement of the form comparable proportional indi- spatial imbalances is done through cators. specific indexes and coefficients in- The geographical passport is a troduced by researchers such as complex method, which is used for Pearson, Spearman, Gini, Hoover the execution of a qualitative com- and Isard. Each of them focuses parative analysis of smaller com- mainly on the degree of concentra- pared to larger units closed due station and specialization in a particu- tistical reasons. It can be used for lar indicator in order to provide settlements, municipalities, coun- comparative numbers for an unlim- tries and regions. ited number of units. Our research uses the assump- Key words: spatial imbalances, locali- tion of entropically closed essence of zation index, properties of proportions, any statistical territorial unit. As main closed territorial unit, geographical pass- methodological basis serve mathe- port

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 5 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria I Session GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNANCE AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

CHALLENGES OF SCIENCE-SOCIETY INTERACTIONS IN THE FRAME OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Aneliya Paneva Ecological Economics, School of Computing Science, Business Administration, Economics and Law, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany [email protected]

Effectively tackling problems of the context of transition economies sustainable development such as cli- remains relatively low. Employing mate change, poverty, and biodiver- Bulgaria as a case study, the investi- sity loss will require a different per- gation examined the interactions spective on the role of science in between academia and practice society. Based on the understanding through a series of expert interviews that knowledge generation process- and policy documents review. Pre- es go hand in hand with governance liminary findings show that no trans- processes, sustainability science and disciplinary research designs can be the science of ecological economics found at the national level. It is the promote transdisciplinarity and par- objective of this paper to raise ticipatory procedures as fundamen- awareness about the nature and po- tal for conducting academic research tential of the participatory and dealing with nature-society interac- transdisciplinary approach. Further- tions. Engaging with non-scientific more, recommendations about the actors such as local lay persons, civ- design of educational policies and il society representatives, business- research programmes for sustaina- es, and other stakeholders promises ble development are given. the empowerment of communities and the discovery of practical solu- Key words: sustainable development, tions. While this novel methodologi- scientific knowledge production, govern- cal approach has been increasingly ance, participatory approaches, trans- applied in Western societies, its disciplinarity, Transition Economies, Cen- adoption by scientific researchers in tral and Eastern Europe, Bulgaria

6 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN PRESSURE ON THE ENVIRONMENT. CASE STUDY: GRECEŞTI (DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA)

Daniel Simulescu1, Oana Ionuş2, Sandu Boengiu2, Emil Marinescu2 1Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania 2University of Craiova, Geography Department, Craiova, Romania [email protected]

The Greceşti settlement is located unit level, aimed at assessing the in the north-western part of Dolj type and size of human pressure. county, at the boundary with Mehed- The temporal dynamics of the en- inţi county, at a distance of about 50 vironmental indicators is evidenced km from Craiova municipality. The by the choice of some benchmark central position in the Bălăciţa Pied- years 1977, 1992, 2002, 2012 and mont determined the specifics of the 2015 to which are added data and main farming activities carried out recent cartographic materials from by the locals, crop production and 2005 and 2015. Using orthophotos raising animals. in GIS and the digital interactive map The steady decrease in the num- of Google Earth Pro software facili- ber of people starting 1977 has had tates spatial analysis of changes in an impact on the degree of human the last 10 years in the land use and pressure and environmental trans- land cover. formation. Thus, in order to achieve The field researches conducted in a situation regarding the degree of 2016 confirm the results of the re- the environmental transformations search and visually sustain the hu- by human activities, there were cal- man pressure on the environment. culated a series of indicators to as- The assessment of the environ- sess the landscape (indicators of the mental status by calculating all landscape naturality, the environ- these indicators allow to determine mental change, human pressure by the damage to ecosystems and nat- demographic trend and not lastly the ural components of the landscape, human pressure indicators on differ- and represent a warning to local and ent land use categories). To achieve regional authorities. this study, statistical data have been processed for a period of over 30 Key words: human pressure, land use years at the territorial administrative changes, index, Greceşti

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 7 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria NEW PARADIGMS OF THE TERRITORY MANAGEMENT FOR 21TH CENTURY. SHARING SOLUTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND PROMOTION OF RIVERS AREAS. A CHALLANGE FOR LOWER DANUBE AREAS

Adriano Ciani1, Massimo Bastiani2 1University of Perugia, Biosphera Scientific and Cultural Association, Italia [email protected] 2Coordinator of the Italian National Table of River Contracts, Ecoazioni Scientific and Cultural Association, Italia [email protected]

The World Economic crisis from ble good way to combine the territo- 2007 leftus a dramatic situation ry risk management with solution where the role of Public Intistutions development driving and sharing by to manage the Territory and provide- the local populations. at the needs of populationsis more The authors present in this sens and more week This trend joint at their own large experienceas in the the Climate Change and the Strategy research, that in project, as in teach- of Sustainable Development ing and training in this innovative ap- (UNFCCC-COP21 and Paris Agree- proach that isstrictly linked with the ment, UN approved Document target of the SDG’s 2015–2030 and “Transforming our World: the Agen- the Europe 2020 (smart, sustainable da of Sustainable Developmet for and inclusive). 2030) push the localareas to research This representev shared and dem- and try new possible ways to solve ocratic model could be adopt, the question of the adaptationat the specilally in the form of the River Climate Changeand to garantee, for Contracts, in the Lower Danube Basin the future generation, the conserva- as a special Project also of the Water tion and promotion of all potentialities Action Group of the Euopean Union of each territory and identary areas. where the auhors are promoters. The vision to ward new para- The paper show the concrete digms, that joining tradition and in- proposal for the Lower Danube Area. novation, the approach of the Smart Communities and Smart Land, the Key words: Sustainable Development, bottom up new model of Territory Climate Change Adaptation, CLLD, Governanceas the Territorial Con- Territorial Contracts Management, River tract Management, appear a possi- Contracts

8 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FACTORS FOR THE ECONOMIC MARGINALIZATION OF NORTHWESTERN STATISTICS REGION AND THE INSTRUMENTS FOR ITS OVERCOME

Dimitar Dimitrov Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Department Socio-economic Geography, Bulgaria [email protected]

The Northwestern statistics re- At the same time, this is the gion is the most backward one in so- Bulgarian region which is geo- cial-economic sense in the whole graphically closer to the “heart- European Union. Its territory is in a land” of the EU. The relative ad- process of accelerated depopulation. vantages arising from its geograph- Its demographic structure is charac- ic position and the implementation terized by an inverted age structure of certain policies can become fac- of the population. Deteriorated are tors for the economic growth of also the quality and quantity param- this region. In order to generate eters of the factor workforce. positive territorial synergy, a pro- The prevailing part of the munici- found analysis of the factors that palities in the region have high rate led to this situation should be car- of unemployment. The infrastructure ried out. on its territory is in very bad techni- The article analyses also the fac- cal conditions and with low level of tors that led to the economic mar- functional interconnection. The qual- ginalization of the Northwestern sta- ity of life of the population as a result tistics region and it justifies some of these factors continuously deteri- policies and methods that can lead orates. All these unfavorable pro- to its overcome. cesses and problems deprive the region from potential for a future so- Key words: Northwestern statistics re- cial-economic development. gion, economic marginalization

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 9 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria GEODIVERSITY AND GEOHERITAGE IN GEOGRAPHY TEACHING FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMPROVING STUDENTS’ COMPETENCES IN EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Dobrila Lukic1, Sladjana Andjelkovic2, Vojislav Dedjanski3 1Eight Belgrade Grammar School, Serbia [email protected] 2Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, [email protected] 3Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia

The problem of sustainable de- and geoheritage, through research, velopment is becoming one of the students’ field work and a holistic, most pressing issues at global, local interdisciplinary approach to teach- and individual level because of the ing,we will indicate both the oppor- climate change, pollution, rapid de- tunities to use and insufficient use of velopment and changes in the global these contents for the purposes of information, economic and produc- education for sustainable develop- tion sector, but also changes of the ment. Pointing out the advantages value systems. In this sense, sus- of learning strategies in the teaching tainable development has become of geography that encourage active, one of the most important strategic investigative approach to teaching and educational policy issues in Ser- has the objective to enable students bia as an integral part of lifelong ed- to acquire competencies for sustain- ucation. The aim of the paper is to able development, form the basis for highlight the potential of geography raising awareness, responsibility and as a subject in primary and second- committed behavior of an individual ary schools with special reference to for the preservation of geoheritage the content of geoheritage and geo- and geodiversity of the country as diversity in the function of education part of the national heritage of Ser- for sustainable development. Using bia. comparative and descriptive analyses of examples of good practice in Key words: geodiversity, geoheritage, the world and Serbia in regard to sustainable development, the teaching studying the content of geodiversity of geography, field work

10 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria MEASURING THE COMPLEX SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE DANUBE-ADJACENT NUTS2 REGIONS

Hristo Dokov, Ivaylo Stamenkov Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

The existing inner socio-econom- cant difference from the mainstream ic discrepancies are one of the major studies is that we concentrate pre- stumbling-blocks to the sustainable dominantly on the Danube-adjacent development of the Danube region NUTS2 regions, but not on the whole and to the successful realization of area (as defined in the EU Danube its different macro-regional develop- Region Strategy). That approach ment programmes, strategies, and provides us with an opportunity to action plans. That is why it is of ex- divide the study in two important treme importance to assess these stages. Firstly, we make a compara- discrepancies on a complex base, tive analysis and a classification of going beyond the analysis of single the Danube-adjacent NUTS2 regions indicators. From that point of view, providing empirical evidence for the we suggest that sophisticated meth- significant complex socio-economic odology and approach are needed, discrepancies between them. Sec- similar to those used to elaborate ondly, in a view to estimate the de- thorough European spatial develop- velopment role of Danube in differ- ment models. In order to measure ent countries, we confront the DPI the current socio-economic spatial results for Danube-adjacent NUTS2 development of the Danube regions regions against those for the other on a complex basis, we apply the al- regions in a given country. Although ready attested author’s “Develop- this approach is characterized with ment and Prosperity Index” (DPI) certain conditionality considering calculated by using the latest availa- that development is a function of ble data for 8 key indicators. By con- many diverse factors, the results of trast with the majority of the scientif- the study provide solid ground for ic studies that build their conclusions building up adequate future policies. on NUTS0, or rarely on NUTS1 level analysis, our research is suited at Key words: Danube regions, socio-eco- NUTS2 level so that we can take a nomic analysis, regional development, detailed picture of the situation in complex assessment, Development and the Danube region. Another signifi- Prosperity Index

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 11 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FDI’S SPATIAL LOCALIZATION MODELS IN THE DANUBE PROVINCES OF BULGARIA

Kalina Milkova, Hristo Dokov Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

The Danube provinces of Bulgaria the FDI in the provincial centres. are among the least developed The study also discloses the corre- NUTS2 regions in the country and in lations between sectoral structure the EU. From that point of view, and FDI attraction, as well as FDI’s overcoming of their socio-economic role for the changes in some key underdevelopment is not only of economic, social, and demographic particular interest for the Bulgarian indicators’ values in these provinc- regional policy, but is also at the es. The quantitative analysis’ results base of realizing a successful strate- are complemented with qualitative gy for sustainable territorial develop- characteristics of the processes as ment of the cross-border region Ro- we put special emphasis on factors mania-Bulgaria. Being a key factor in such as: the insufficient capacity for the discourse of regional develop- creating agglomeration effects; the ment, the FDI should be scrutinized lack of clusterization based on joint in a view to uncover the main regu- initiatives of the provinces; the rela- larities and trends in these provinc- tively weak impact of the free trade es, as well as potentials and per- zones and the industrial zones; the spectives ahead of the separate ad- poor connectivity with the national ministrative units. The analysis of transport system. The elaborated some key indicators connected with systematic territorial study of the dynamics and distribution of the FDI foreign investments’ spatial models stocks and their per capita ratio, with in the Danube provinces of Bulgaria the FDI density, and with the pro- is a solid base for designing/imple- portion FDI-GDP, demonstrates lack menting a differentiated, adequate, of a distinct and typical for all flexible, and proactive regional and Danube provinces of Bulgaria trend local policy. in the investments activity. However, we find out a common feature in Key words: foreign direct investments, their spatial localization models– localization models, Danube regions, the predominant concentration of regional development, Bulgaria

12 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE ROLE OF RURAL INNOVATION IN HUNGARIAN VILLAGES

Iren Szörényiné Kukorelli CERS HAS Institute for Regional Studies, Hungary [email protected]

The research had a dual purpose: The introduction of innovations on one hand it examined the defini- in the rural areas of Hungary is not tion and components of the rural in- exceptional; elements and cases novation, while on the other hand it for both social and economic inno- gave an analysis of the recipient vations can be seen. Economic in- space regarding the social and eco- novations are more related to the nomic innovation. This presentation private sector, businesses, although clarifies the related definitions, gives economic renewals are often initi- an empirical analysis of the innova- ated by municipalities as well – al- tion case studies, and through the though such economic innovations experiences of several interviews it implemented by municipalities are also determines the main geographi- related to social innovations in cal, social and economic qualities, most of the cases. With a large which contribute to the settling of an possibility social innovations are innovation in the rural areas. Fur- followed by organisational and lat- thermore the recipient space can er some economic innovation, also generate additional innovations, while innovations initiated in isola- as the innovation of an area depends tion are less likely to lead to the largely on the holding capacity, the appearance of the other two types openness of the society and the of innovation. The analysis of economy as well as on the human the cases collected highlights capital. The paper also examines the that rural innovations are diverse interaction of the social and econom- and multi-actor processes which ic innovations, and shows through from many aspects take place cases how they can strengthen the in the way classic innovation pro- innovation-willingness. Finally the cesses do. spatial distribution of the collected examples will be shown, along with Key words: economic, social innova- the territorial specifics and the char- tion, empirical analysis, interviews, terri- acteristics of the innovators. torial specifics

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 13 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN BULGARIA – CONSERVATION, RENNOVATION AND SMARTH GROWTH

Kosyo Stoychev Sofia University „St. Kliment Ohridski“, Faculty of Geology and Geography, Department of Regional and Political Geography, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

The district cities are the first 21st Century. There are located new rang-size cities of Bulgaria. Their to- factories and companies which pre- tal number is only 27 and the cities fer to be away from the first group concentrate the most important hu- and to build their own infrastructure man, technological and financial and highly organized spatial struc- capital of Bulgaria. The spatial plan- tures. The third group are the eco- ning progress of the 19th and 20th nomic zones established with the century, the way of urbanization and adoption of the Integrated Plans for the industrial agglomeration made city renovation and development possible each district city to has its which takes into account part of the own industrial zones. In our days existing city industrial zones, as well there are three basic vectors of de- as, new areas which could receive velopment for the industrial zones: public financing by the operative the first one is the industrial zones programs. suffering structural difficulties - re- The paper researches the current sult from the non-market way of pri- spatial organization of the district vatization of factories in the ninety cities industrial zones, the spatial years of the 20th Century. They are projections that will took place in the the oldest ones, mainly established current planning period, and the at the socialistic era, and the infra- functions that will took place in the structures are misbalanced, some city systems. are overcapacity and non-effective, others are demolished or in very Key words: Industrial zones, industrial poor condition. The second one vec- areas, smart growth, integrated ap- tor represents the new industrial ar- proach, industrial spatial organization, eas created in the beginning of the rang-size cities

14 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CROSS-BORDER SHOPPING OF SLOVAK CONSUMERS IN AUSTRIA: CASE STUDY FROM HAINBURG AN DER DONAU (AUSTRIA)

František Križan, Peter Barlík, Kristína Bilková Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Regional geography, planning & environment, Slovakia [email protected]

For the past 25 years significant change of Bratislava inhabitants as transformation processes have been well as the suburbs. This paper ex- identified in many sectors of amines the cross-border shopping post-communist countries that have behavior of Slovak consumers in the both an economic and a spatial char- 10 km distant Austrian village Hain- acter. The transformation of the burg an der Donau. Empirical survey economy after the 1989 resulted in took place in front of the Danubia notable changes in (czecho-)slovak Gallery shopping center on the sam- retailing. Besides the new types and ple of 928 respondents. The survey forms of shopping in Slovakia, con- results show that consumer prefer- sumers also discovered new retail ences of Austrian retail is higher markets of nearby countries. Brati- than the Slovak. Presented paper slava, the capital city of Slovakia, discusses the reason of this situation with its position and rapid economic and provides the possible conse- growth has found the Austrian retail quences of this trend. especially attractive. All these and many more factors (accessibility, re- Key words: cross-border shopping, tail options, price and quality, etc.) consumer behavior, Hainburg an der reflected in the consumer behavior Donau – Bratislava, shopping centre

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGES OF THE BOSUT RIVER BASIN

Siniša Maričić, Tatjana Mijušković-Svetinović Faculty of Civil Engineering, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia [email protected]

In the east part of the Republic of tation and extension of the divided Croatia there is an agricultural area basin which is situated on the border with a long tradition. This area is of the three neighbor states with dif- part of the Sava valley which natural ferent hydrotechnical organization. features were created long time ago. This paper describes the cli- But, in the last few hundred years mate, hydrological and morpholog- these natural features were signifi- ical characteristics of the Biđ-Bosut cantly modified by human activities. basin and its complex hydrotechni- This area has continental climate cal system. The agricultural pro- and relatively little rainfall. Hydro- duction in this area is aided by de- graphic backbone of the newly veloped amelioration drainage, but formed valley is the Bosut River with runoff in the basin is very specifi- its few major tributaries (Biđ River cally. River beds are regulated, and Spačva River). Biđ-Bosut basin slopes of them are very small, and extends to the field of three Croatian many local population do not know counties, and it is in the backbone of the name of the individual streams life for a number of their municipali- and direction of its water flows. Pa- ties. The lower part of the basin is per also points out the specific located in the Republic of Serbia and problem in this region in the period is the life part of the local popula- of small and high water, and the tion. Biđ-Bosut basin ones were possible challenges due to climate swampy and forested lowland area changes and adaptations for sur- on the civilization crossroads. Then it vival. The local challenges are also becomes mainly an agricultural area, social relations where benefits and been developed within a united state adversity can contribute to the union the basis of socialistic planning fication or misunderstanding be- and state ownership. Today this area tween neighbor countries. is marked by damage and neglect of previously built hydropower system. Key words: Bosut River, hydrotehnical Also, valley is marked with the adap- system, geografical changes

16 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria URBANIZATION IN THE AREA OF DANUBE RIVER IN SERBIA

Jelena Milanković Jovanov¹, Smiljana Đukičin², Tijana Đorđević³, Ljubica Bibić Ivanović2 1Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia 3Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Rivers have always had a major as well as other important centers role in the founding of cities, which in Serbia. can be explained by the fact that the Urban centers are the main sub- agricultural and industrial activities ject of this paper, and all the settle- are very dependent on the proximity ments that are located on the bank of a water resources. Also, the river of the Danube, but also those in im- has a significant role as a waterway, mediate vicinity. The population which is of great importance for any density on the river banks, the size settlement. and the length of the settlements on The area of the Danube band, one or both sides of the river were because of its great importance, analyzed. Also, the paper presents has caused an increased concentra- the basic urban characteristics of the tion of production, capital, traffic, upper, middle and lower Danube in population and settlements both in Serbia, which established the differ- Europe and in the Republic of Ser- ence in the development of the three bia. The Danube region in Serbia sectors and the reasons that have covers 15.2% of its territory and in contributed so that certain sectors of it lives 28.3% of the total popula- the Danube are less urbanized com- tion of Serbia.Almost 70 settlements pared to the others. have direct access to Danube river, among which is the City of Belgrade, Key words: Danube, urbanization, ur- as the largest urban agglomeration, ban region, Serbia

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 17 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES AND INDUSTRIAL (ECONOMIC) GEOGRAPHY

Onik Arabyan Sofia University, Bulgaria [email protected]

This work proposes a simple way tion effects. Multiple equilibria may to analyze some of the effects of re- appear even with capital mobility: a gional policies on industrial (eco- “good” equilibrium with high growth nomic) geography, regional income and low spatial concentration and a disparities and growth. For this pur- “bad” equilibrium with low growth pose, it is used the “localized spillo- and high spatial concentration. In ver” model, in which both the loca- the presence of congestion costs, tion and the endogenous growth policies that improve infrastructure rate are simultaneously determined. in the poor region can improve The model is extended to allow ex- growth and reduce inequality. Again, plicit consideration of different public however, policies that facilitate the policies such as infrastructure poli- interregional diffusion of technology cies, transfers and subsidies to tech- spillovers are better. nology transfers, etc. An important This work is divided into three message of this work is that the sections. First introduces interre- presence of localized technology gional and intraregional trade costs spillovers implies that a trade-off ex- in the localized spillovers model and ists between spatial efficiency and analyses different policy experi- equity when infrastructure policies ments, like transfers to poor regions, reduce the transport costs either be- better transport infrastructures in- tween or inside regions. Public poli- side regions, better transport infra- cies that facilitate the interregional structures between regions and poli- diffusion of technology spillovers cies towards technology spillovers. have very different implications and The second section is dedicated to do not have this trade-off. European the congestion effects. Finally, policy makers believe that regional non-linear effects of public policies policies are not only necessary to im- are discussed in the third section in a prove equity but also efficiency. To model with agglomeration. give a change to this argument, this work presents an analysis of regional Key words: “localized spillover” model, policies in the presence of conges- public policies, economic geography

18 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria TERRITORIAL DISPARITIES IN THE SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE IN ROMANIAN DANUBE VALLEY

Nicoleta Damian, Irena Mocanu, Bianca Mitrică, Paul Şerban, Mihaela Persu, Daniela Nancu, Radu Săgeată Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Romania [email protected]

The territorial patterns of so- tistical indicators selected are stand- cio-economic development in the Ro- ardized and grouped by four catego- manian Danube Valley show the over- ries, reflecting the main types of infra- whelming predominance of the so- structure analyzed (health, educa- cio-economic development pattern tions, public utilities of local interest below the average in Romania. In this and transport). Finally, the authors context, the development and upgrad- were able to compute secondary in- ing of health, educations, public utili- dexes and the Index of Health, Educa- ties of local interests and transport in- tion, Public utilities and Transport In- frastructures are an imperative neces- frastructure Development (IHEPTD) sity. The paper aims to explore the as Hull Score with a mean of 50 and a current conditions of all the above standard deviation of 14, revealing the mentioned types of infrastructure at infrastructure development levels micro-scale (LAU2-NUTSV). The study (high, average and low), correlated relies on the official statistical data with the human resources involved in available at LAU 2 (NUTS V), the re- the provision of services specific to sults provided by the TEMPO-Online each type of infrastructure analyzed time-series published by the National and with the population benefitting Institute of Statistics (2014). The au- from these services. In terms of thors have selected some specific sta- health, education, public utilities of lo- tistical indicators in order to highlight cal interest and transport infrastruc- the most developed and less-devel- ture, this study shows that the major- oped areas in terms of health, educa- ity of Danubian LAU2 registered low tions, public utilities of local interests and very low development levels; high and transport infrastructures (e.g. and very high development levels are hospital beds/1,000 inhabitants, phy- specific to the large urban centres and sicians/1,000 inhabitants, number of to some rural settlements located higher education graduates (stu- close to town or which are tourist des- dents)/100,000 inhabitants, (% of tinations. dwellings connected to the public sewerage system, (% of dwellings con- Key words: Romanian Danube Valley, nected to the water supply system, health, education, public utilities of local goods transported on inland water- interest and transport infrastructure, ter- ways (thousands tones/km). The sta- ritorial disparities

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 19 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE “LOWER DANUBE” SYNTAGMA – A KEY FOCUS IN THE ROMANIAN PROJECTS FOR EUROPEAN FUNDING IN SOUTH-EASTER REGION OF ROMANIA

Violeta Pușcașu “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galați, Romania [email protected]

The paper approaches the situa- as of the materials placed at our dis- tion of the inferior segment of the posal by the European Documenta- Danube, identified in numerous pro- tion Centres. The study emphasizes grammatic and political documents the typology of the projects accord- with the syntagm Lower Danube. ing to the chosen objectives, the cat- The first part of the paper presents egories of actors involved and the the general features of the inferior degree of success, namely the im- course, be they physico-geographi- pact of the projects on the local de- cal, economic or social, which under- velopment of the two cities. Thus, lie the use of the above mentioned those that stand out are the projects appellative. In the second part, the concerned with stimulating innova- research is more specifically focused tion and entrepreneurship, the pres- on the Braila-Galati river-maritime ervation of natural and cultural val- segment alone, more exactly on the ues in the Lower Danube region, two port cities. The aim of the paper improving connectivity and support- is to identify the projects conducted ing the transition to a green econo- in the two cities under the emblem- my, as well as those aimed at estab- atic mark of Danubian riparianness lishing strategic partnerships. after joining the EU. Accordingly, a study of the SE Regional Agency’s Key words: Lower Danube, Galati, documents was conducted, as well Braila, European funds

20 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria POST EARLY PLISTOCENE PATTERN OF THE SOUTH MOESIAN MORPHOSTRUCTURAL ZONE

Svetla Stankova, Tzanko Tzankov University of Shumen, Bulgaria [email protected] [email protected]

The South Moesian morphostruc- The later normal faulting in the tural zone spreads the southern mar- central parts of South Moesian ginal part from the Moesian conti- morphostructural zone have sepa- nental micro morphotecture. It is re- rating the most-rare Valchedram, gional corresponding with the Lower Byala Slatina, Knezha, Trastenik, Danube hilly plane in North Bulgaria. Dermantsi, Levski, Belene, Pav The zone is limited between the Lov- likeni, Lovech morphostructural er Danube river to the north, the blocks. Fore Balkan and Stara planina Moun- The area of South Moesian mor- tains to the south, the Timok river to phostructural zone distinguish with the west and the Black sea to the one generation of platform morpho- east. This area is representing one of structures and the beginning of the the most contemporary fragments Late Holocene-contemporary or- from the large post Early Pleistocene thoplan building. orthoplan in the North-East part of The morphogene processes in the Balkan Peninsula. The South the Bulgarian continental microplate Moesian morphostructural zone in- are connected with the very impor- cludes the relics from the Bregovo, tant role of the syncinematic listric Kaylaka, Derventska, Svetlen, tectonics. This type of the Quater- Razgrad, Lomtsi, Lilyak, Sarta, nary faulting was not (with some Ovche pole, Stana anteclises, Shu- very seldom exceptions) constituted mensko plato complex anteclise, in the area of the South Moesian Kula, Archar, Loznitsa, Provadiya, morphostructural zone. Momino syneclises, Stoyanovo, Su- hindol, Dve mogili, Byala, Popovo, Key words: continental micro morpho- Samuil, Fragnen semisyneclises, and tecture, anteclises, syneclises, semisyn- Ludogorie, Dobrich homoclines. eclises, homoclines

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 21 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CIRCULAR AND ELLIPSOIDAL TECTONIC STRUCTURES IN THE HINOVA – NEGOTIN – VRATA AND SALCIA – WEST VIDIN – LOM AREAS

Mircea Ţicleanu, Radu Nicolescu, Flori Culescu and Octavian Colţoi Geological Institute of Romania, Bucharest, Romania [email protected]

A summary analysis of maps in by curved fault lines along which the relief, focused on the Danube course compartment from inside of the downstream of the Danube Gorge structure is lowered. The curved trail, suggests the existence of circu- faults are affected by a series of rec- lar or ellipsoidal type structures of tilinear faults, with different direc- varied sizes. Such impression is actions, which delimit different sectors centuated by the study of geological of these structures. Both type of maps scale 1:200.000, but also by a faults sometimes determine the morphological analysis of the topo- Danube course, that is marked over- graphic maps scale 1:50.000. In the all by these particular structures. area bounded by the localities Hino- Tectonically we can imagine that the va, Crivina, Negotin and Vrata it can segment of curved faults can virtual- be imagined three large structures, ly enrol in this particular type of partly overlapping, including other structures, most likely due to the several smaller structures. In rela- Wallachian tectonic phase, and that tion to them, northwards, two other are affected by newer faults con- circular it can be outlined, somewhat nected with the Passadenian phase. smaller. In terms of size the largest These new faults do not seem to af- structure has a diameter of 30 km fect the recent Pleistocene lake and the smaller has a diameter of 8 shores, located at the current eleva- km. Other structures of this type, tion of +100 and +50. Obviously much broader, seem to individualize such a novel structural perspective further south, but with ellipsoidal should be further pursued through forms. Their western limits can be more detailed morphological and ge- traced in the area of localities Salcia ological analysis. and Vidin and they seem to extend until the fault that which marks the Key words: tectonic structures, Hinova Danube way upstream of Lom. All – Negotin – Vrata, Salcia – West Vidin – these structures are partly bounded Lom

22 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria URBAN EXPANSION OF “ERBIL” CITY & ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RESULTING

Azad Mohammed Ameen Kakashekh Salahaddin University, Erbil/College of Art, Geography Department, Kurdistan Region Iraq [email protected]

Urban expansion of the cities themes: 1 – Definition Erbil city and causes many environmental prob- its geographical environment. 2 – lems. City, “Erbil”, like other cities, Determining the urban expansion of has seen significant urban expan- “Erbil” city since the fifties of the last sion, particularly in recent decades century. 3 – Determining the main and that has caused many environ- reasons for urban expansion of “Er- mental problems. This study aims bil” city. 4 – Identify the environ- to:1 – Determination of urban ex- mental problems caused by expan- pansion of “Erbil” city and its causes. sion of the city.5 – Submission of 2 – Determining the environmental proposals for addressing the prob- problems caused by urban expan- lem of expansion of the city of Erbil, sion of the city. 3 – Ways to address and environmental problems result- the problems resulting from urban ing from it. expansion of Erbil city. To achieve aims of the study and because of its Key words: Urban, Expansion, Erbil, nature is divided into the following Environment, Problems

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 23 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria STUDIES ON PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON THE IV. AND V. TERRACES OF RED HILL (MORAVIA)

Éva Kis1, Ferenc Schweitzer1, Dénes Lóczy2, János Balogh1, József Szeberényi1, István Viczián1, Tímea Prodán3 1Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS, Hungary [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, Hungary [email protected] 3Geodetic and Geophysical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS, Hungary [email protected]

This research is dealing with the proxies from different environments last glacial period’s (~100 kyr) strati- (e.g. loess deposits). In this case, graphic features in a South Czech the almost complete South Czech loess-paleosol section. We want to „Red Hill” loess-paleosol sequence compare the almost complete series has been compared with the last gla- of Moravian aeolian dust deposits to cial oscillations. With this compari- North and South hemispheric ice son, the main aim is to refine the core records and Heinrich events. In chronological properties of the sec- this paper, we want to provide re- tion. The known intensity, duration fined relative chronological data to and absolute age data of deep sea loess-paleosol section situated on Heinrich events provide ground for the IV. and V. terraces of Red Hill relative dating and correlation of the (Moravia). The last glacial-interglaci- investigated deposits. Based on al loess section is almost complete, all these parallelization, the controver- of the interstadial soils can be identi- sial stratigraphic position and 14C fied in the series instead of the erod- data of thin, humic horizons above ed upper part of the PK I complex. (and between) thick, well-developed The newest ice core and deep sea paleosoils (e.g. in the Hungarian drillings provide new insight into dy- Tápiósüly-Dunaújváros loess series) namics of Plio-Pleistocene paleoenvi- can also be explained. The sedimen- ronmental and paleoclimatic chang- tary parameters and oxigen isotope es. These new databases of ice cores data of the series have been used and deep sea sediments allow us to during this comparison. correlate the climatic fluctuations and the terrestrial, oceanic and at- Keywords: loess-paleosol series, ice mospheric relationships with various cores, chronology, đ18O values

24 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria INVESTIGATIONS OF BANK EROSION ALONG THE LOWER TISZA IN HUNGARY

Éva Kis1, Dénes Lóczy2, Ferenc Schweitzer1, János Balogh1, József Szeberényi1, István Viczián1, Tímea Prodán3 1 Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS, Hungary [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Department of Physical and Environmental Geography, Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, Hungary, [email protected] 3 Geodetic and Geophysical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS, Hungary, [email protected]

The paper aims at identifying the detected. The impact of weather ex- origin, mechanisms and types of tremes on bank erosion, manifested mass movements along the river- in river regime, is also studied. With bank and the role of geological (tec- hydrometeorological extremities ex- tonic, sedimentological and geomor- pected to intensify in the future, bank phological) and hydrological (river erosion is becoming a more and regime and groundwater dynamics) more severe hazard along some factors in their generation. General reaches. Its actual dimensions are predictions of the future spatial and estimated by the Bank Erosion Haz- temporal distribution of bank erosion ard Index (BEHI). The geomorpho- hazard and opportunities for mitiga- logical control on bank instability is tion are also covered in the paper. expressed in the fact that most of the Bank erosion is a major driver a movements occurred on the margin river channel processes. Its rates and of the higher floodplain level and at types can well be studied along the the outlet of abandoned channels Hungarian section of the Tisza River. with deep alluvial fill. Implications for Between Csongrád and Mártély, flood defence and actual construc- where the tectonic control on the tion activities in towns built right on present course of the river is particu- the river banks are also presented. larly intensive, river regulation meas- Future bank erosion hazard is fore- ures and geomorphic self-regulation cast for the studied section. Environ- (channel adjustments after channeli- mentally friendly solutions with the zation) have also been influential in purpose of reducing this hazard are channel formaiton. The sedimento- also proposed. logical composition of banks is a fundamental control, but the indirect in- Key words: bank erosion, sediment se- fluences of climate change on river- quence, tectonic influence, regulated bank slides and collapses can also be river, water regime, Tisza, Hungary

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 25 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PETROGRAPHICAL GRAVEL ANALYSE IN THE VISEGRAD GORGE, HUNGARY

József Szeberényi1, Éva Kis1, Sándor Józsa2, István Simon3, János Balogh1, Klaudia Kiss1, György Varga1, István Viczián1, Tímea Prodan4, Ernő Prácser4 1Geographical Insritute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS,Hungary [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Eötvös Lorand University, Department of Petrology and Geochemistry, Budapest, Hungary [email protected] 3MOL KTD Laboratory, Hungary [email protected] 4Geodetic and Geophisical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS Hungary [email protected] [email protected]

The fluvial sediments of Visegrad It were identified two different Gorge were investigated by a new groups of gravelly sediment in the petrographical (Fine Grained Pebble Visegrad Gorge. The ,gravels of high – FPE) method. The most simple level geomorphologic horizons are method for the determination of the Miocene, but the lower units are geological background of a sedimen- Pleistocene danubial sediments. Our tary sequence is to examine the min- newest results revealed some inter- eralogy and petrology of debries esting information about gravels of eroded from the source area. The Danube Band, which disagree the accuracy of determination of the pe- standard theory of terrace chronology. trology of individual rock types and variability of rock serieses depends Key words: Visegrad Gorge, gravelly respectively on number and size of sediments, Danube, Pleistocene, Mio- settled grains. cene

26 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ENGINEERING GEOMORPHOLOGICAL METHODS USED IN THE REHABILITATION PROJECTS OF DANUBE’S LANDSLIDE-THREATENED BLUFFS- AT KULCS AND RÁCALMÁS (HUNGARY)

István Viczián1, Tímea Prodán2, János Balogh1, Balázs Füsi3, Éva Kis1, Ernő Prácser2, József Szeberényi1 1Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS, Hungary [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], szeberé[email protected] 2Geodetic and Geophysical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences of the HAS, Hungary [email protected], prácser.ernő@csfk.mta.hu 3Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Hungary [email protected]

Several significant rehabilitation cation, magnitude, depth, tectonic projects have been and still are exe- lines and depressions of the known cuted in order to stabilize the area quakes have been marked on the and protect the settlements of Kulcs geomorphological maps. Causes of and Rácalmás. They are located land slide occurrences were studied along the Danube, where the edge by analysing the lithostratigraphical of the Mezőföld (Central Hungary) and hydrological conditions, the rises with 50-70 meter high bluffs zones and directions of subsurface above the river, they were partly water flow. built on the heaps of landslides at The geomorphological research the side of the bluff, where mass has been completed with various ge- movements occur repeatedly since ophysical analysis by applying tradi- decades. tional and innovative remote sensing The purpose of our research is to and in situ methodologies, such as explore the geomorphological, geo- satellite radar interferometry (In- logical and anthropogenic factors re- SAR), LIDAR, geoelectric anisotropic sponsible for these movements by investigations etc. to uncover the using geomorphological and geo- emergence process of the move- physical methods. ments. Large scale geomorphological The different sediment sequenc- mapping has been undertaken, land- es of the bluff – especially the Plio- forms and the presumed neotectonic cene red clay and the Pleistocene events were jointly analysed. The lo- horizons of fossil soils – and the

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 27 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria groundwater horizons connected and buried valleys determining the with the clayey layers play the main course of the streams in the north- role in the emergence of the move- west-southeast and north-south di- ments. The renewal of the move- rections. ments can be attributable to anthropogenic impacts, subsurface Key words: Danube, hight bluff, Hun- waters, geomorphological forms gary, Kulcs, landslide

28 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria II Session CROSS-BORDER AND TRANSNATIONAL COOPERATION

CULTURAL ROUTES – TRANS-BORDER TOURIST DESTINATIONS WITHIN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

Željko Bjeljac, Aleksandra Terzić Geographical Institute ,,Jovan Cvijić’’ Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

Cultural routes can become in- rope exsist 33 pan-european cul- teresting tourist destinations be- tural routes, of which eight routes cause of their thematic and trave- trans passes Southeastern Europe. ling experience, making connec- The scope this article is to examine tions to renowned places, events the interrelation of Southeastern and personalities. The process of Europe cultural routes with Euro- forming cultural routes as tourist pean cultural routes. The main goal products is considered a new prin- is to determine to what extent their ciple of protection, revitalization, connection to the existing Europe- use and presentation of cultural an cultural routes contributed to heritage. Europe in particular, is the tourism promotion of SEE rich with cultural heritage originat- states making them the trans bor- ing from different historical epoch- der tourist destinations. es. This is why within the Europe the renown and most visited cul- Key words: cultural routes, tourism, tural routes were formed. In Eu- destination, Europe, South East Europe

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 29 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SOME ASPECTS OF THE REGIONAL COOPERATION ON THE BALKANS

Mariya Grozeva National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

Since the beginning of the 1990-s lematically. They emerge as the the political role of the state borders most volatile and least integrated in the Balkans has changed. Gradu- European region. There are signifi- ally they began to transform from cant variations among the countries barriers in zones of bilateral or mul- concerning their territory, number tilateral cooperation. of population, as well as the rate of The common European integra- the economic changes. The main tion includes the creation and de- forms of regional cooperation have velopment of euro-regions. Within to be concentrated on the domains the context of reorganization of the of transport, energy and communi- new European space, geopolitical cation infrastructure, trade and eco- importance of South-East Europe nomic cooperation, environment has significantly upgraded. This fact and security. From this point of reflects on the interests of the inter- view, the economic growth and in- national community in security and crease of living standard are the development of this region. Despite most important problems for all Bal- that the Balkans constitutes an in- kan countries. dispensable part of the European continent their incorporation into Key words: European integration, the new European architecture has cross-border cooperation, economic been particularly difficult and prob- changes

30 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE DIVIDING ROLE OF THE DANUBE: THE GEOPOLITICAL BACKGROUNDS OF FLUVIAL BORDERS AND BRIDGES

Tamás Hardi Centre for Economic and Regional Studies Institute for Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary [email protected]

The presentation looks at, with reaches, and this is not only the con- the assistance of maps and data, sequence of physical geographical how the Danube River became more situation but also the settlement net- and more of a border river in the last work and the history of the relations 200 years. For this we demonstrate among the countries. In the back- the lengths of the border at the dif- ground of this there are several geo- ferent times and the circumstances political issues that are analysed by of their birth. On the other hand, the the presentation. situation of bridges across the river is specific. The density of bridges is Key words: International River, fluvial typically different at the various borders, bridges

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 31 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF TISZA RIVER IN PANNONIAN BASIN

Igor Leščešen1, Dragan Dolinaj1, Marko Urošev2, Milana Pantelić1, TelbiszTamás3,Varga György3 1Department of Geography, tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia 2Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, Belgrade, Serbia 3Eötvös University, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Department of Physical Geography, Budapest, Hungary

Floods are one of the most com- times), then Gumbel (7 times) Per- mon, frequent, hazardous and wide- son III (2 time) and log-Normal (1 spread natural events on the Earth, time).This is the first step in defining causing a great loss of life and signif- the best distribution for Danube Riv- icant economic damages. Flood fre- er and its tributaries in Pannonian quency analysis (FFA) is still an ac- basin. The frequency analysis point- tive field of research. ed out that the most extreme flood In this paper we analyzed ex- event on Tisa River for investigated treme hydrological situations on period was in the 1970 flood being Danube River’s biggest tributary, the largest flood recorded both - in Tisa River through the Pannonian terms of volumes and durations on plane at Vilok (Ukraine), Vasarosna- all stations, with an averaged return meny, Szolnok, Szeged (Hungary) period of 101 years for volume and and Senta (Serbia) gauging stations. 125 years for duration of flood wave Our results present advantages of (except Vilok). As there is no unified flood frequency analysis defined by FFA for rivers in Pannonian basin, two variables: volume and duration our results show that for Tisza River, of events. Floods were defined as the best fitted distribution is log-Pear- events over selected threshold lev- son III. els, the selected thresholds were Results of this paper can be used Q10% and Q5%. The volumes and as guideline for establishing the offi- durations of floods were analyzed by cial international FFA distribution be- annual maximum series (AMS).For tween these three countries which selected thresholds ten series were will improve environmental monitor- gained. According to Kolmogor- ing, water management and flood ov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises prevention policies. tests, probability tests and probability plot best fit to the empirical data Key words: Tisa River, Floods, Serbia, has log-Pearson III distribution (10 Hungary, FFA

32 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE ROLE OF INTERFIRM TRANSACTIONS ON CROSS BORDER INTEGRATION IN EAST ASIA: A CASE STUDY OF INTERLINK AGES BETWEEN BUSAN AND FUKUOKA

Jonghyun Park1, Masahiko Fujimura2 1Hosei University, Graduate School of Economics, Tokyo, Japan [email protected] 2Hosei University, Graduate School of Project-specific Global and Regional Research Institutes, Japan

The purpose of this paper is to original questionnaire, relying on the discuss the cross border cooperation directory of 62 different types of ex- between the non-capital cities in Ko- porters in Busan. The linkage be- rea and Japan, with focus on the re- tween Busan and Fukuoka mainly lationships between Fukuoka and sits at the apex of the international Busan, as a part of an empirical re- urban system, from the perspective search of the internationalization of of the gateway of “Physical Distribu- non-capital cities in East Asia. tion” and “Business Trip”; however, We attempt to (1) define interna- links to Tokyo and Osaka mostly act tional trade between firms in three as “Transaction” and functional cores aspects, (2) adopt a methodology of such as sales channels. Fukuoka air- international urban system and (3) port and Shimonoseki port have examine the activities of exporters in been utilized as a gateway. Fukuoka Busan. Concretely, we subdivide in- Airport has a promising evaluation ternational trade activities of firms concerning accessibility and conven- into 3 aspects and analyze foreign ience. Shimonoseki port has certain destinations based cities, rather than advantages due to the short time re- countries. This is one of the most quired for customs formalities, brev- unique features in this paper, com- ity of the shipping time and conven- pared to previous studies that have ient daily shipping schedules. paid sufficient attention to relation between countries in international Key words: cross border cooperation, economics and management. international urban system, Busan, The data is tabulated from the Fukuoka

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 33 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria A POSSIBLE COOPERATION SUPPORTED BY THE INTERREG DANUBE PROGRAMME: GUIDE FOR FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT, BLUE AND GREENWAY PLANNING IN DANUBE REGION COUNTRIES

Peter Szilassi, Gabor Mezosi Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Szeged, Hungary [email protected]

Along the Danube river countries, floodplains of the Danube river- un nowadays the sustainable manage- fortunately can’t fulfilling these multi ment of the floodplains is a very im- purposes functions, and benefits of portant question from environmental the corridors. Although, in the USA, point of view. In case of floodplain and Western European countries the areas we can distinguish many types landscape planners widely use of ecological, hydrological and land guides, which can support the flood- use conflicts. For instance the vege- plain management and planning, in tation of the riparian forests often case of the countries of the Danube infected by invasive bush and tree river basin there is no any methodo- species, and the invasion is spread- logical guide for the identifying, and ing year to year dramatically. A big minimizing the main ecological, hy- hydrological conflict what we can drological, and land use generated identifying in floodplains, that the conflicts. The Interreg Transnational thick vegetation is increase the Programme gives a big opportunity roughness of the floodplains, and to harmonizing the landscape plan- the flood risk, because it is keep ning systems of the Danube region, back the flow of the river. We can and to create the “know how” guides say that the blue and greenway net- for the restoration and land use work is very underdeveloped, and management of floodplains and its separated from each other especially ecological corridors. Our university is in case it’s cross border connections. looking for international partners The recent greenway and blueway from Danube region countries for infrastructure (cycling routes, trails, this Interreg Danube Transnational kayak ports etc.) are can’t ensure Programme. the three main functions of the blue and greenways: ecologically corri- Key words: Interreg Danube Transna- dors of the natural systems; recreational Programme, floodplain manage- tional functions, and provide histori- ment, greenway planning, blueway plan- cal heritage and cultural values. The ning

34 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CBC PROGRAMMES IMPACT IN NORTHWEST NUTS II REGION OF BULGARIA IN THE PERIOD 2007-2013

Veselina Georgieva Bulgarian Association of the EU Programmes Consultants (BAKEP), Bulgaria [email protected]

The purpose of the paper is to ment as well as their contribution to study the impact of the cross-border achieving the objectives of EU cohe- cooperation programmes in the sion policy in the observed program- Northwest Nuts II Region of Bulgaria ming period. in the period 2007-2013. The results The conclusion to be made in the to be achieved with the study is to paper will be directly related to the assess the effectiveness of EU CBC cross-border and transnational coop- programmes in one of the most eration with specific focus on -par backward EU NUTS II region and to ticular geographical area. Best prac- identify the positive and negative ef- tices and challenges also will be fects of various interventions real- identified and related to the needs ized with EU funding. In addition, and objectives of the target region in the study will evaluate the outputs the new programming period 2014- and results of different types of 2020. measures, incl. hard and soft projects and their influence on the local Key words: CBC, Programmes, Impact, economic and sustainable develop- NUTSII Region

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 35 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ENVIRONMENTAL COHESION ACROSS THE HUNGARIAN- CROATIAN BORDER: DISCUSSIONS AND COOPERATION ON DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONAL LEVELS

Viktor Varjú MTA KRTK Institute for Regional Studies, Hungary [email protected]

Environmental cohesion (as a from the two. Croatia tried to build new EU paradigm for a place-based another water power plant while Hun- interpretation of environmental jus- gary tried to create Natural Park. The tice) has a clear connection to terri- aim and discussion between the two torial cohesion. Based on this idea, countries were different until the ac- advantages for people can include cession process of Croatia. Finally the an equitable distribution of environ- disagreement between the two was mental protection and access to en- moderated, by 2015 a UNESCO Bio- vironmental services (Layard – Hold- sphere Reservoir was created along- er 2010). In non-EU countries re- side the border and the post-2010 is gional environmental cohesion is characterised by an increasing num- used as an instrument to accelerate ber of environmental-related coopera- accession to the EU and it may be tion. It seems that environmental co- manifested as a declaration of envi- hesion was realised across the border. ronmental diplomacy (Mihajlov Is this the situation? 2008). Partly deriving from the The paper concludes by arguing above, in my understanding, envi- – based on media discourse analysis ronmental cohesion across a border and expert interviews – that there can be identified when two regions are differences in environmental co- alongside the border started to cohesion in territorial sense. There are operate in order to improve environ- intensive cooperation areas on local mental conditions and to ensure level, however it is leaded by differ- equal access to natural resources/ ent types of. Croatia is more decen- environmental services. tralised in this sense. On state level The surrounding area of Croa- we could find another picture, Hun- tia-Hungary border was closed for a gary is more engaged to environ- long time. It caused that develop- mental cohesion. ments avoided the area on one hand, and natural resources remained main- Key words: environmental cohesion, ly untouched on the other. However, cross-border cooperation, Hungary, Cro- the approach of the area was different atia

36 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ON THE POSSIBILITY OF EXTENDING THE EUROPEAN GREEN BELT TO THE BULGARIAN-ROMANIAN BORDER REGION

Zoltán Zakota1, Tamás Z. Zakota2 1Department of Finances and Economic Analysis, Partium Christian University, Romania [email protected] 2independent

Europe is highly committed to na- about the natural and environmental ture conservation and sustainable characteristics, as well as the eco- development. One of the most re- nomic and infrastructural framework markable initiatives meant to achieve of the region. We try to outline a these goals is the European Green blueprint of a greenway plan for the Belt, an area that connects national border area, in order to create more parks, nature parks, biosphere re- opportunities for the sustainable de- serves, transboundary protected ar- velopment of the region through the eas and non-protected valuable hab- green belt development. The main itats along or across the former Iron questions we try to answer through Curtain. In case of a positive scenar- our analysis are, as follows: io, in the near future Europe will could the existing Natura 2000 have to accept the expansion of the areas in the area constitute the Schengen Area. This means that in a emerging points of a quasi-continu- not too far future there will be a pos- ous linear green corridor? sibility to expand the European by what means could the unused Green Belt by the Bulgarian-Romani- agricultural terrains in the border re- an border-region. This consists al- gion be transformed into compo- most entirely of the Danube, with nents of a green corridor? agricultural land on both sides. The in what extent could the existing River has in this region several major environmental and economic planning and smaller affluents, a considerable experience in the area be used in de- number of lakes in its vicinity and a veloping a master plan of a green cor- great number of Natura2000 areas, ridor, with special regards to the Bul- therefore it has a remarkable poten- garia-Romania Cross-Border Co-oper- tial to develop local and regional ation Programme 2007–2013? tourism. In our paper we make an attempt Key words: European Green Belt, to put together relevant information Bulgaria, Romania

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 37 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE RESEARCH IN THE LOWER DANUBE BASIN – COLLABORATIVE PERSPECTIVES

Dan Balteanu1, Wolfram Mauser2, Christoph Heinzeller2, Monica Dumitrascu1, Mihaela Sima1, Diana Dogaru1 1 Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Romania 2 Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany [email protected]

Transdisciplinary and crossdisci- Formed of nine institutes from six plinary researches are at the core of Danube countries, the GLOCAD net- the EU Strategy for the Danube Re- work gathers scientists from various gion. It is within the scope of the disciplines, specifically from hydrol- Strategy as well as of the interna- ogy, geomorphology, soil and envi- tional program Future Earth to un- ronmental sciences, agriculture dertake integrative approaches to- economists, computer scientists, wards sustainability through coher- etc. The present talk will cover spe- ent and coordinated researches and cific topics concerning the lower knowledge-based processes. Within Danube basin challenges of climate this context, a collaboration net- change impacts, societal transfor- work for the Danube basin has been mations and regional disparities be- initiated in view of the development tween upper and lower Danube ba- of a digital Global Change Atlas of sin development pathways. Poten- the Danube Region (GLOCAD), hav- tial collaboration opportunities and ing been functioning over the last improvements of the cooperation three years. The network builds between institutions across the around the issue of water-food-en- Danube region will be emphasized ergy nexus, with a focus on water in the concluding remarks. and land resources use in the whole Danube basin under the context Key words: lower Danube, potential global environmental change. collaboration, transdisciplinarity

38 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria TERRITORIAL DISPARITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROMANIA’S BORDER AREAS. EU VS. NON-EU

Monica Dumitraşcu1, Bianca Mitrică1, Irena Mocanu1, Ines Grigorescu1, Costin Dumitraşcu2 1 Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, 2 Faculty of Geography, ‘Spiru Haret’ University, Bucharest, Romania

The border areas of Romania in- 2002 – 2012, physiological density); clude 898 Local Administrative Units 2 – territorial cohesion (population 2 (LAU2), of which 88 are urban. Ro- migration rate, average rate of mania has border line with the fol- population growth, total population, lowing countries: Bulgaria, Republic dynamic of finished dwellings of Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine and (1990 – 2014), living floor m2/in- Hungary, 63.5% of which is Non-Eu- habitant; the demographic depend- ropean Union boundary. ency index, the physicians/1,000 The current paper is seeking to inhabitants); 3 – sustainable devel- indentify territorial disparities in opment (% of dwellings with access terms of development in the Roma- to sewerage system, forest-covered nia’s border areas following several area, green space area/inhabitant, research stages: to select relevant the consumption of natural gas for statistical indicators, to analyze their domestic use). territorial disparities, to standardise Based on the above specified the absolute values of the selected methodology, the authors developed 15 indicators; to group the elemen- a final index of territorial develop- tary indicators using three second- ment using the relative distances ary indexes (competitiveness, cohe- ranking method, adapted to the ob- sion and sustainable development) jective of the current study, in order and to stress out the main so- to measure simultaneously the terri- cio-economic development aspects: torial disparities between the LAU2 1 – competitiveness (general em- of the Romania’s border areas and ployment rate, unemployment rate, between each border areas and EU number of higher education gradu- vs. Non-EU. ates/total population over 20 years old, variation rate in the number Key-words: territorial development, of employed population between border areas, EU and Non-EU, Romania

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 39 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria III Session ENVIRONMENT, RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF GJUMJURDZHINSKI SNEZHNIK RIDGE (PAPIKIO OROS/KARLAL DAĞI), EASTERN RHODOPES MTS.

Aleksandar Sarafov, Ahinora Baltakova, Rossitza Kenderova Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

The border territory of Bulgaria is rock weathering, slope movements poorly studied and this is the reason and erosion. We used grain size Gjumjurdzhinski Snezhnik Ridge to analysis to distinguish different kinds be out of the range of specialized of deposits and suggest if they are Bulgarian research up to now. There formed in situ or transferred from are only few publications which com- upper levels. ment wider areas regarding the ge- Based on these first results the ology and the physiography of the exact range of Gjumjurdzhinski Sn- Eastern Rhodopes and suggest four ezhnik Ridge was specified and local preserved levels associated with the statement of environmental process- neotectonic activity and planation. es is determined. They are compared Specialized geomorphological study with other mountain areas in Bulgar- has never been taken in this area. ia in order to define vertical zonal In the paper are resumed results distribution of landforms and nature from morphometric analysis in order complexes. to determine the exact extent of the mountain structure, which was dis- Key words: morphometry, geomorpho- putable in the different sources. On logical processes, grain size analysis of the field are described and charac- deposits, Gjumjurdzhinski Snezhnik terized representative conditions for Ridge

40 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CHOROLOGY OF VULNERABLE BRYOPHYTES SPECIES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Adam Begu1, Ala Donica2 1University of Academy of Sciences of Moldova, [email protected] 2„Natural and Anthropical Ecosystems” laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, [email protected]

The forests of the Republic of ing areal and prefers moist habitats Moldova, by their ecological charac- of deciduous forests; species (Ditri- teristics and the fact that a large part chum flexicaule) - mesophyte and of them are protected areas, serve (Weisia fallax) – xerophyte, prefer as habitats for optimal growth and habitats of rocky forests, limestone development of different species of cliffs from Prut River and Dniester bryophytes. In order to identify are- River; two other species (Cirriphyl- as of growth and development of lum piliferum, Thuidium delicatu- rare bryophytes, included in various lum) – prefer as habitat the dry for- editions of the Red Book of Moldova est’ phytocenosis and species (Or- (1978, 2001, 2015), we researched thotrichum patens, Neckera penna- the main forest and forest-rocky ta) – the wet forests’ phytocoenosis ecosystems from various regions of of Moldova. For some rare species our country’ natural areas (years of mosses, indicated for the first 2000–2015), these being compared time in six new places of Moldova, it with data of previous research in this is necessary to take under state area (years 1972–2006). protection these habitats, through The study indicated that be- their transformation into natural ar- tween the seven rare species of eas that protect directly the referred mosses, included in the new edition mosses species. of the Red Book of Moldova (2015), one species (Climacium dendroides) Key words: bryophytes, chorology, is at the Southern limit of its spread- Red Book, ecosystems, habitats

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 41 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria A KINEMATIC MODEL OF SEISMIC EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FROM VRANCEA DEEP EARTHQUAKE SOURCE

Boyko Ranguelov Mining and Geology University, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

The seismic early warning sys- calculated the travel times of P and S tems (SEWS) are the product of the waves, using the well known and last and most modern achievements calibrated curves of Jefreys-Bullen of the recent practical Earth’s sci- tables. The first arrivals of the ence. Heavy earthquakes occurred P-waves (called “signaling”) and the in Japan (2011), Sumatra (2004), S-waves arrivals (called “destruc- Chile (2010), Nepal (2015), etc. gen- tive”) used the direct seismic wave’s erated huge damages and human phases. The time differences Ts-Tp deaths. These earthquakes demon- (called “warning”) are also modeled strated the need of such systems. All for all Bulgarian cities threaten by known kinematics’ SEWS are based the Vrancea earthquakes. The expe- on the fundamental physical proper- rience of the 1977 M7.4 earthquake, ty of the seismic waves propagation: which damaged many cities in Bul- the P-waves (with lower amplitudes garia is also considered. The fixed and smaller destructive potential) seismic source can be represented travel approximately 1.71 times fast- as a point due to its relatively small er than the S waves (with several area dimensions. Thus the calcula- times larger amplitudes and much tions are easily simplified and give more destructive potential due to very good and reasonable results. the medium particles movement The results show that if a special perpendicular to the wave ray prop- methodology is followed – then the agation). Up to now – only Japan seismic signal generated could be has fully operative and effective very fast disseminated to all interest- SEWS introduced in operation in ed institutions – Civil Defense au- 2007. Its efficiency was demonstrat- thorities, decision makers and popu- ed during the M9 earthquake on lation. The results of these models 11th March, 2011. The kinematic are under investigations and discus- models have been developed for sion. Vrancea deep seismic source considering the distances between it and Key words: Model, Early warnings, many Bulgarian cities. This model Earthquakes, Vrancea

42 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria GEOECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE AREA OF SPECIAL NATURE RESERVE “STARI BEGEJ - CARSKA BARA”, SERBIA

Branko Protić Faculty of Gegraphy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

The aim of the geoecological sightseeing and excursion tourism. evaluation of the Special Nature Re- The area of Special Nature Re- serve “Stari Begej – Carska Bara” serve “Stari Begej – Carska Bara” and its protected zone is how to de- through valuation received the high- velop the area of the Reserve and its est rating (10) for purposes of edu- surroundings. Considering the fact cation, recreation and picnic tourism that this area has the potential for and falls into the category of the nautical, sports and recreational “most valuable” parts of the area. tourism (walking, cycling and boat- The results showed that the flow of ing), cultural, educational and rural the Stari Begej river is not suitable tourism, the task of this paper is to for activities related to nautical tour- assess the level of value and profita- ism, and also it have been identified bility of investment in improvement that all the settlements beyond the of these forms of tourism on this ter- protected zone of the reserve area, ritory. This area is geoecologicaly mainly Belo Blato and Perlez, are evaluated by using the recreation suitable for the development of rural potential indexing method. Evalua- tourism. tion confirmed that this area has a natural predisposition for the devel- Key words: geoecology, evaluation, opment of tourism and recreational Special Nature Reserve “Stari Begej – activities such as hiking, biking, Carska Bara”, tourism, Serbia

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 43 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria RECONSTRUCTING THE RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE PRUT RIVER CHANNEL IN IAŞI COUNTY SECTOR (NE ROMANIA) USING CARTOGRAPHIC, REMOTE SENSING AND GPS DATA

George Daniel Butnariu1, Florian Stătescu1, Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint2 and Mihai Niculiţă2 1“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, Romania 2“Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Romania [email protected]

Representing a direct response of edition at 1/50,000 scale, 1940 edi- hydrologic, hydrogeologic and geo- tion at 1/20,000 scale, the 1960 and morphologic factors, the dynamic of 1984 editions at 1/25,000 scale), the the river channels has a useful scien- 1964 and 1984 editions at 1/5,000 tific and practical importance. The scale), SPOT and LANDSAT images practical aspect was often empha- for the 1990 and 2000 decades, LI- sized in the literature especially for DAR DEM high spatial resolution (for the regions where the rivers play the the year 2013), and Google Earth® role of state borders. The Prut River high resolution optical satellite imag- has meandering channel along the es collection. For the last two years, Eastern Romanian border with Re- the channel dynamic was validated public of Moldova, including the sec- and completed by GPS measure- tor corresponding to Iasi County: an ments, carried out in the Prisăcani alternation of sectors which have re- sector (cca. 20 km length) of the corded intense processes of erosion Prut River. followed by those with accumula- The identification of these geo- tion. morphological hotspots, especially Using a large series of cartograph- those characterized by intense ero- ic, remote sensing (RS) and Global sion and attempts to determine the Positioning System (GPS) data in a rates of the river bank retreat, repre- georeferenced environment, this pa- sents milestones for hydro-geomor- per presents a detailed map of the phological analyses, land use plan- dynamic of the Prut River channel ners, administrative stakeholders for the last 120 years for a sector and frontier managers and border with a length of more than 100 km. police. The work consisted in digitization of these spatial data archive using vari- Key words: Erosion, Prut River, mean- ous topographic maps (1893-1894 dering, remote sensing, GIS

44 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria IMPORTANCE OF IBAS, IPAS AND PBAS FOR PROCESS OF NATURE CONSERVATION HARMONIZATION IN CROSS-BORDER REGIONS WITHIN THE LOWER BASIN OF THE DANUBE

Snežana Djurdjić, Sanja Stojković, Marija Belij, Jelena Belij Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

The concept of designation of framework to assess and support ecologically important areas such as existing conservation programmes Important Bird Areas (IBAs), Impor- such as national protected area net- tant Plant Areas (IPAs) and Prime works, the EU Natura 2000 network, Buterfly Areas (PBAs) is based on the Bern Convention and Emerald the identification of key attributes of Network, PEBLDS and PEEN, and the conservation concern and is a dis- Ramsar Convention by providing up tinct azonal approach to reserve se- to date, easily accessible data about lection. This paper aims to identify threatened species of birds, plants significance of the IBAs, IPAs and and butterflies and their habitats. PBAs in cross-border area between Due to the precisely defined quanti- Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania where tative criteria relating to the complex conservation efforts should be fo- status of species in focus for protec- cused as a matter of urgency and tion at different spatial scales (glob- successful cooperation in complex al, regional, sub-regional, etc.), such nature conservation process. Taking approach to the nature protection is into account the standardized meth- need to be used for harmonization odology for designation of these in- and the mitigation of existing differ- ternational ecologically important ences in the concepts of nature pro- areas, will be analyzed their recent tection between EU member coun- status in relation to identified threats, tries (e.g. Bulgaria and Romania) factors of endangering, and based and non-EU countries (e.g. Serbia). on them adequate management procedures. As these areas do not nec- Key words: nature conservation, essarily have to be legally designat- azonal approach, threatened species, ed, instead they could provide a habitats

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 45 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE PRESENCE OF SOME SPECIES IN THE FAMILY TRICHONISCIDAE SARS, 1899 (ISOPODA, ONISCIDEA) AS A BIOINDICATOR OF CALCIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT, PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Dragan Dolinaj1, Mladen Horvatović2, Uglješa Stankov3, Milana Pantelić1 1Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, University of Novi Sad, Serbia 2Department of biology and ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi, Serbia 3Department for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia [email protected]

A variety of organisms are used as which constitute the base of the river- bioindicators of environmental pollu- bed. Other environmental factors es- tion. Knowing their characteristics, sential to the existence of terrestrial many of them can become bioindica- Isopoda are homogeneous over the tors in other scientific research. Given stream valley. At both sites where that terrestrial Isopoda (suborder limestone is present in the substrate, Oniscidea) represent a group of crus- populations of both species types are taceans, they need the chemical ele- numerous. Directly below the lime- ment calcium (Ca) for normal func- stone-rich localities number of individ- tioning of physiological processes, uals in a population is significantly re- above all for periodically changing ex- duced, further downstream represent- oskeleton. It is known that the low atives of both species completely dis- mobillity of the representatives of the appeared. Curiosity is the fact that family Trichoniscidae Sars, 1899 make several tens of meters above the lime- them totally dependent on the pres- stone areas, representatives of both ence of calcium in their immediate en- species are not found, while at the vironment. In the area of the Pivarov limestone areas their populations are stream valley (Fruška gora mountain, very numerous. These preliminary re- Serbia) researches investigated the sults lead us to conclude that some of presence and abundance of popula- the less mobile Isopoda representa- tions of two species of the aforemen- tives of the family Trichoniscidae may tioned family and Stylohylea bosnien- represent good bioindicators for the sis, as potential bioindicators of the presence of calcium in their habitat presence of calcium in the habitat. and may be the bioinicators for a pre- Stream flows through deciduous - for liminary geological research in envi- est of beech, hornbeam and linden. ronmental presence of limestone. From its spring to its confluence with the Novoselski creek, at two positions Key words: bioindicators, calcium, flows through the limestone rocks limestone, Fruška Gora moutain, Serbia

46 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria DATA ANALISYS OF WAHASTRAT MONITORING SYSTEM– TYPOLOGY, ACQUISITION AND DATA INTEROPERABILITY (FROM DATA TO INFORMATION)

Srđan Popov1, Dragan Dolinaj2, Uglješa Stankov3, Dragoslav Pavić2, Đorđe Ćosić1, Tanja Armenski3, Ljiljana Popović1 1Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia 2Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, University of Novi Sad, Serbia 3Department for Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia [email protected]

Conduct a complex research to de- are suitable for data interpretation, its termine the most important water bringing into context, understanding shortage related conflicts, to measure of the information and decision-mak- and monitor drought events was the ing. In order to achieve interoperabilit- primary objective of the WAHASTRAT yand data exchange it is providedex- project.Based on WAHASTRAT system portin CSV andXSL formatas well of automatic monitoring stations (WH1 asXML based WEB servis. As we used to WH8), data series of environment WH2 station as a characteristic data variables were generated: soil mois- providing system of WAHASTRAT ture, speed and wind direction, air data, we can say that the acquisition is temperature,air humidity andatmos- initiated with the date 2013-12-09. in pheric precipitation. Whereby the 6:20:08 until the day of observation moisture content in the soil describes 2016-03-10 in 8:18:59 it’s collected the 6 measured values each distribut- 238390records of individual sensor re- ed to 10 cm vertically. Typology of ports. At the day the series is continu- data is real scalarin floating point for- ous except for dates 2015-03-24, mat, for all monitored environment 2015-03-17, 2014-06-27, 2014-06-26. variables, except for the moisture con- Specific characteristics of the data: tent in the soil, which is represented mean from 0.55 to 99.23, standard by a vector of real-type. Data is stored deviation 0 to 189, trimmed mean after acquisition (local buffer of maxi- (with trim defaulting to .1) 0 to 203.82, mum 2 11 addressable location 10bit median (standard or interpolated) 0 to data) at intervals of 1 hour, sentwith 136.4, kurtosis -1.36 to 762.6 and GPRS-a, the point of concentration is standard error from 0 to 0.11. Data carried out transformation in the rela- series is consistent and proved for tional model. Web servis, based on connectivity research of environmen- the data in a relational database, al- tal variables. lows expressive visualizationin tabular form series of two-dimensional model. Key words: data analisys, environmen- Both forms of expressive renderings tal variables, WAHASTRAT, Serbia

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 47 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF VEGETATION AND HABITATS THROUGH THE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF MANAGED RESERVE „IBISHA“

Dimitar Pavlov, Petar Petrov, Ekaterina Pavlova, Elena Georgieva ”P-United” Ltd, Bulgaria [email protected]

Vegetation and habitat diversity nex № I of Directive 92/43/EEC- in managed reserve „Ibisha“ was 3270 Rivers with muddy banks with analyzed with aim to develop meas- Chenopodion rubri and Bidention ures for their protection, mainte- p.p.and with 3130 Oligotrophic to nance and restoration. Managed re- mesotrophic standing waters with serve“Ibisha“occupies part of the vegetation of the Isoeto-Nanojunce- Tsibar island, located on Bulgarian tea. part of Danube River. In the Red Data Book of Bulgaria In floristic method for classifica- in the category „Endangered“ (EN) tion are established plant communi- are included formed Riparian wil- ties that are related to the following low-poplar forests, muddy river- classes: Class Salicetea purpurea banks with semi-ruderal communi- Moor 1958; Class Bidentetea triparti- ties of high annual hygrophytes and tae Tx. et al. ex von Rochow 1951; silty and sandy riverbanks with com- Class Isoeto-Nanojuncetea Br.-Bl. et munities from lower annual hygro- Tx. ex Westh. et al. 1946. phytes. There are identified serial forest Measures to control invasive spe- communities related to secondary cies in plant communities and for succession of vegetation in the natu- restoration of the conservation sta- ral habitat from Annex № I of Direc- tus of habitats in the managed re- tive 92/43/EEC 91E0* Alluvial forests serve have been developed.The with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus measures are included in the Man- excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnionin- agement Plan of the managed re- canae, Salicionalbae) - subtype Sali- serve, developed in 2015. cion albae. There are identified and serial Key words: Vegetation, Habitats, grass communities in coastal areas, Managed reserve, Tsibar Island, Mana related to natural habitats from An- gement plan

48 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PROFILE OF THE FLOOD RISK IN THE DANUBE FLOODPLAIN – DOLJ AREA (ROMANIA)

Oana Ionuş, Mihaela Licurici, Cristiana Vîlcea Geography Department, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania [email protected]

Flood risk emerges from the in- istrative units (including three towns) teraction of hazard and vulnerability. partially overlapping the Danube The focus of this paper is on damag- Floodplain. The indicators are based ing floods. The starting point is the on available data from the National correlation between the national and Institute of Statistics. The digital im- international research background agery and tools provided by Google and legislative framework, which the Earth Pro enabled the spatial evalua- authors use to create the flood risk tion and analysis of the land use and profile for the Danube floodplain - land cover changes occurred during Dolj area. The research is conducted the last decade. The 2016 field work ten years after the historical floods confirms the results of the research occurred in April-May 2006. and brings interesting insight on the The subject is important and ac- human pressure on the environment tual, as floods have an increasing and social vulnerability to flood haz- trend, while their correct evaluation ards. is still extremely difficult and vulner- We identified certain levels at ability of elements at risk is more which change may be integrated in and more emphasized. decision making: in the representa- As the study area is profoundly tion of uncertain non-stationary rural, with extended agricultural ter- quantities, in the variety of options rains and almost no industry, people that may be contemplated for flood and cultivated land or agricultural risk management and in the social assets are the most important ele- and organizational characteristics ments at risk. This research explores that promote adaptive capacity. Inte- the statistic and spatial dynamics of grated responses to changing flood the elements at risk, underlining risk need to attend to each of these how they may be adapted to address levels of decision making to the pro- processes of uncertain future motion of resilient communities. change. The statistical analysis was con- Key words: flood hazard, flood risk, ducted on nineteen territorial admin- social vulnerability, Danube floodplain

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 49 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL HAZARD FOR HEAVY METAL AND ARSENIC POLLUTION OF THE LOWER DANUBE LOWLANDS

Tsvetan Kotsev, Velimira Stoyanova, Mariyana Nikolova, Marian Varbanov National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria, [email protected]

Certain loads of heavy metals and tions of most of the studied microe- metalloids are transported with the lements tend to peak in the western particulate matter of the Danube part of the Lower Danube and de- River downstream in its lower basin. crease eastwards to the town of Deposition of river sediment in the Silistra. Copper is the element with floodplain during flood events may the highest excess over the US EPA pose a certain risk for pollution of standards and the European back- the lowlands along the Lower Dan- ground level for stream sediment. It ube. In order to assess the hazard of turns to be the main thread regard- contamination, the content of Cu, ing the soil contamination of the Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr and As has been Lower Danube floodplain, especially studied in the fine sediment deposit- for the lowlands lying close to the ed in the Bulgarian section of the mouth of the Timok River. The high- Danube floodplain at high river stag- est hazard rates are calculated for es in the spring and summer of 2013. the lowlands in the western part of The hazard is assessed for each of the study area and this fact should the lowlands on both sides of the be considered when wetland resto- Danube between the Timok River’s ration activities are planned and ex- confluence and the town of Silistra. ecuted. The assessment considered the US EPA standards for sediment of fresh- Key words: Danube, hazard assessment, water ecosystems. The concentra- heavy metals, arsenic, flood sediment

50 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE MEDITERRANEAN OSCILLATION (MOI) AND THE FOREST FIRES IN ROMANIA IN THE PERIOD 1986-2014

Milan Milenković1, Vladan Ducić2, Violeta Babić3 1 Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”SASA, Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Belgrade, Serbia 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

The study examines the connec- level of p≤0.05) were obtained for tion between the Mediterranean Os- April (-0.459), and for winter (0.406). cillation (MOI) and the forest fires The number of fires and MOI-2: the (the annual number of fires, the an- highest values of R (statistically sig- nual burned area and the average nificant at the level of p≤0.01) were burned area per fire) in Romania in obtained for June (0.556) and Feb- the period 1986-2014. Pearson’s cor- ruary (0.475), and for summer relation coefficient (R) was used for (0.507). The annual burned area determination of the correlation con- and MOI-2: the highest values of R nection. Two MOI datasets were (statistically significant at the level of used: MOI-1 (Algiers and Cairo) and p≤0.05) were obtained for June MOI-2 (Israel and Gibraltar). Month- (0.449) and February (0.439), and ly, seasonal and annual values of for summer (0.439). Results of the MOI were used in the calculations. research could be used for the long- Results for the number of fires and term forecast of forest fires in Roma- MOI-1: the highest values of R (sta- nia. However, further investigations tistically significant at the level of of the connection between forest p≤0.05) were obtained for April fires and other climate indices are (-0.446) and June (0.423), and for necessary. summer (0.432). The annual burned area and MOI-1: the highest values Key words: Mediterranean Oscillation, of R (statistically significant at the forest fires, burned area, Romania

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 51 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria TWO EXAMPLES OF MODERN LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY IN SOUTHWEST BULGARIA

Miroslav Ivanov, Georgi Manolev, Krasimir Stoianov Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria [email protected]

Detail description of the landslide presented. During the field research- morphology of two modern landslides es to collect verbal information, about in South West Bulgaria has been the starting point and the age of the given. An attempt for classification of destructive process, meetings with the types of landslide deformations, local inhabitants are made. As a risk with relation to lithology and existing manage tool a system for real time fault systems is made. A pictures with warning is presented. type of deformation related with the different destruction areas,as well as Key Words: Landslides, modern tec- the main landslide’s elements are tonics movements, hazards and risks

52 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria EXTREME PRECIPITATION IN PROVADIYSKA RIVER BASIN (NORTHEASTERN BULGARIA) FOR THE PERIOD 1994‒2008

Nina Chenkova, Dimitar Vladev “Konstantin Preslavsky” University of Shumen, Bulgaria [email protected]

Extreme precipitation, falling on 5 daily rainfall categories have a small geographical area, often has been analyzed (as percentage of the a negative effect leading to a sharp total annual amounts) as follows: increase in water levels in rivers and light (A) 0.0-4.9 mm; light-moderate dry valleys, and settlements, flood- (B) 5.0-14.9 mm; moderate-heavy ing agricultural land, causing prob- (C1) 15.0-29.9 mm; heavy (C2) lems in transport and infrastructure, 30.0-59.9 mm and torrential (D) intensive erosion-accumulative pro- 60.0 mm and above. The increase in cesses, activation of landslides, etc. rainfall from groups C2 and D even The upward tendency of damages in individual stations against the caused by natural disasters sup- emerging trend towards drought in ports the idea that extreme events, the country would increase the risk associated with the effects of cli- of local flooding, increased soil ero- mate change, have occurred with sion and activation of landslides in greater frequency recently. The se- the catchment area. ries of hazardous precipitation Preventive measures that can be events which affected the Balkans, taken for the protection of emergen- Bulgaria in particular in 2005 and cy after intensive rainfalls are: regu- 2007 show that additional investi- lar cleaning of river beds, proper gation of such type of phenomena management of dams and avoidance is necessary so that they can be of construction of buildings, facili- predicted more precisely. ties, industrial, agricultural and other The paper presents the results buildings in the floodplain terraces in from an investigation of the extreme the river valleys. precipitation in Provadiyska river basin for the 15-year period. The basin Key words: Provadiyska river basin, is situated in the eastern part of extreme precipitation, daily rainfall cate- Danube plain (Bulgaria). gories, prevention

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 53 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PRESSURE AND RELEASE AND SWISS CHEESE: A COMPARISON OF DISASTER MODELS FOR FLOOD AREAS ALONG THE LOWER DANUBE RIVER

Iuliana Armas, Radu Ionescu, Cristina Nenciu Posner Department of Geomorphology, Pedolology and Geomatics, Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected]

The complex interactions be- hazards. The Swiss cheese model is tween risk, vulnerability, and haz- born, and would seem to best ex- ards, which lead to disasters, can be plain, technological disasters. The understood in competing ways. In aim here is then to observe the up- this mixed methods research we side and limits of both models given compare two disaster models: the the same data. While the PAR model Pressure And Release (PAR) model, has deserved merit when employed and the Swiss cheese model. Data to understand the complex system were collected in four villages in the surrounding disasters, we find -in Lower Danube area of Romania and stances where the more technical include both questionnaire items and alternative model can streamline ef- in-depth, anthropological, insights. forts for resilience building, in com- Specific interest was given to the munities exposed to flood hazards. flood hazard relevant for the area. The PAR model underlies, though Key words: Pressure and Release seldom explicitly stated, most disas- model, Swiss cheese model, Disaster ter studies which focus on natural models, Flooding, Danube

54 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria INTEGRATING LAND USE /COVER ASSESSMENT AND FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT IN BURGAS REGION, BULGARIA

Rumiana Vatseva1, Lyubka Pashova2 1 Geography Department, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] 2 Geodesy Department, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Reliable and consistent land use/ developed more detailed land use/ cover information is needed to be in- cover data and maps using ortho- tegrated properly in flood risk man- photo images of the Burgas region agement and land use planning. It is for selected Areas of Potential Signif- useful also for resource manage- icant Flood Risk (APSFR), which have ment decisions and future assess- been determinated according to the ment of the status and trends of Directive 2007/60/EC and have been landscape. Consistent data provided presented on the flood hazard and by remote sensing with high tempo- flood risk maps of the Black Sea Riv- ral and spatial accuracy can be effi- er Basin. An analysis of the driving ciently applied by powerful GIS tools forces of increasing risk and the dis- for sets the targets and measures for astrous consequences in new urban mitigation of the damage flood risk. development in regions designated These measures should be based on as APSFR is performed. Some rec- analysis and assessment of spatial ommendations regarding preventive distribution of land cover and land actions and regulation of the spatial use. The initial land use/cover data planning that could be undertaken to were obtained by computer aided decrease the flood hazard in region visual interpretation of satellite im- under study are outlined. ages in GIS environment within the framework of the CORINE Land Cov- Key words: GIS, land cover; land use, er 2012 – Bulgaria project. We have flood hazard and risk, Burgas region

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 55 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FROM RESOURCES TO SERVICES – MAPPING PROVISIONING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE DANUBE PLAIN (VIDIN REGION)

Rositsa Yaneva National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

In the last years the sustainable pacity of the ecosystem. An ecosys- use of natural resources draws more tem functions is defined like “ser- and more attention of both the sci- vice” only when there are people entific and practical research initia- who can benefit of it. This paper tives and becomes a “hot topic” in demonstrates the application of a the regional planning efforts world- biophysical mapping of quantitative wide. Depending on constraints de- indicators that convey information fined by the social and political set- about the flows of provisioning ser- tings, the availability of and the pref- vices to the territory of the Danube erences for the natural capital provi- plain within Vidin region. The map- sion differ in spatial and temporal ping methodology goes beyond the scales. There is a growing demand land cover, since it collects informa- of high-quality landscapes which tion of the landscape components provide more functions and are able and is based on a landscape unit to stay ecologically resilient to vari- scale. The biophysical data provides ous natural and human-driven haz- robust information on the current ards. Also, the spatially-explicit use of state of the ecosystem services and the ecosystem services concept the results show the capacity of each opens up the space for the applica- landscape unit to provide ecosystem tion of a transdisciplinary approach services. Further application of map- for the integration of the scientific ping approach in assisting the com- knowledge to the practical initiatives. munication and the process of deci- Based on their structure and sion making in the relevant policy functions, different landscapes have measures is also discussed. different potential to ensure resources regarding the social wellbeing. Key words: ecosystem services, land- The provision of flows of stocks and scape units, mapping, regional manage- services is tightly linked to the ca- ment, natural resources

56 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CLIMATE CHANGE AND ASSESSMENT OF RISKY BIOCLIMATIC PHENOMENA

Zoya Mateeva National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

Hot waves, cold spells and other the case study of Lom locality along climatic extremities are phenomena the Danube. occurring more and more often re- The results can be useful for a cently. Their dangerous influence on better understanding and study of the human heat comfort and health the human heat stress nature ant its require careful study of such occur- assessment. Together with this the rences in seeking of a problem re- work gives a model for assessment solve. of the risky heat phenomena and a The aim of this work is to present corresponding planning of more ad- a system of approaches for an as- equate response to them. sessment of the extent to which the unfavourable climatic phenomena Key words: risky bioclimatic phenome- may affect the heat comfort of a hu- na; heat and cold stress; assessment; man organism. The work is based on Lom locality along the Danube

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 57 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria USE OF THE UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS IN CONDITIONS OF CRISIS SITUATIONS

Anton Filipov Faculty of Geology and Geography, University of Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

The report presents the author’s and equipment of the UAS; prepa- experience in the use of Unmanned ration and execution of mission for Aerial Systems (UAS) in the man- video surveillance in real time or agement of natural and technogen- orthophoto shooting as method for ic crisis situations. An attempt to “fastmapping”; analysis of the in- outline the guidelines for the use of formation received and preparation this type of technical means as an of reports to assist in the decision element of remote monitoring for making process in crisis manage- acquiring spatial information. At- ment. tention is paid to issues related to: legitimate use of drones in domes- Key words: Unmanned Aerial System, tic air spaces; necessary structure crisis situation, decision making

58 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria IV Session CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER RESOURCES

ESTIMATION OF FLOOD EXTREMES IN THE SERBIAN PART OF THE DANUBE

Ana Milanović Pešić Geographical Institute „Jovan Cvijić“ SASA, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

In this article, the water regime In the next part of article, annual and the estimation of flood waves and monthly temporal distribution of were analyzed for four hydrological flood extremes is analyzed. For an- stations within the Serbian part of nual analysis maximal discharges the Danube River. Water regime before and after the construction of analysis was done with values of av- Iron Gates dams were compared. erage, minimum and maximum dis- Analyses on a monthly level showed charges between 1961 and 2014. By that the flood extremes occur mostly means of probability theory and in late spring or early summer. The mathematical statistics, analyses of results obtained can be applied for time series of maximum discharges improvement of flood defense meas- were made and the theoretical func- ures. tions of the distribution of high water occurrence were obtained. Based Key words: water regime, discharges, on this data estimation of flood ex- flood extremes, Serbia part of the tremes was calculated. Danube

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 59 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria LOW-FLOW PERIOD SEPARATION OF DANUBE TRIBUTARIES IN BULGARIA FOR A DRY AND A WET YEAR

Nelly Hristova Department Climatology, Hydrology and Geomorphology, Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

A stream’s low-flow period is an short low water period (10 – 20 important component of its flow re- days), medium low flow period gime and affects the temperature of (21 – 30 days) and long low water the water, the concentration of vari- period (above 30 days). ous substances, the amount of oxy- Results show several low water gen dissolved, the water consump- periods for every drainage basin in tion, etc. Studies of the low-flow are both the driest and the wettest year challenged in theoretical hydrology for 2000 – 2014. Predominant short as well. low-flow periods are isolated by Base This study investigates the low Flow Index in both years. Long low- stream flow period’s separation in flow periods are an exception. Most hydrological aspect carried out by of these periods appear in the sum- two methods. The subject is the mer. Another result is obtained by Danube tributaries’ stream flow in applying the threshold level method. the mouth of the river for 2001 in When it’s used, it shows that long Bulgaria – the driest year for the pe- low-flow periods are common. Low- riod 2000 – 2014, and 2005 – the est stream flow occurs during the wettest year for the same period. winter and the summer of 2001 and The daily discharge data have been during the winter and the spring of used for the analysis. Both the 2005. threshold level method (50% per- Of the two, the threshold method centile) and the Base Flow Index gives more realistic idea about the (which is measured by the local min- low flow period. The study provides imum method) are used for the iso- solid ground for further research of lation of continuous low-flow events. the low-flow periods in theoretical The study accepts that the low water hydrology. period must last at least ten days to be classified as such. Three catego- Key words: low-flow period, Danube ries for low water period were used: tributaries, dry year, wet year

60 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PRECIPITATION PROJECTIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY OVER THE CARPATHIAN BASIN

Anett Csorvási Hungarian Meteorological Service, Hungary [email protected]

Global climate change means an ject new climate simulations were urgent and serious challenge for our performed on 10 km horizontal reso- society. The development and imple- lution using the recent versions of mentation of specific climate strate- ALADIN-Climate and RegCM regional gies may significantly contribute to climate models adapted at the Hun- the mitigation and adaptation to the garian Meteorological Service and at local effects. the Eötvös Loránd University, re- An essential step towards the spectively. After sensitivity studies to adaptation in Hungary is the Adap- find the optimal model settings, tation to Climate Change Pro- longer historical runs were conduct- gramme funded by the Grants of ed to test the models for a past peri- European Economic Area. In frame- od. Then climate projections were work of the programme a National run and to account for the potential Adaptation Geo-information System impacts of human activities, new (NAGiS) has been developed since RCP scenarios were taken: the “pes- 2013 to support the strategic plan- simistic” RCP8.5 and the “optimistic” ning. The database provides coun- RCP4.5. Future changes were quan- trywide information about climate tified for 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 change and its impacts on different relative to the reference period of sectors with indicators and analysis 1971–2000. methodology for vulnerability as- The presentation aims at intro- sessments. The current impact ducing briefly the NAGiS system, studies are focussing mainly on wa- with main focus on RCMGiS project. ter management (drinking water, The precipitation projections of ground water, Lake Balaton) and bi- ALADIN-Climate are going to be de- odiversity issues. tailed for Hungary and an outlook The RCMGiS project entitled “New will be also given for possible exten- climate scenarios based on radiative sion and development of the system. forcing change over the Carpathian Basin” served proper scientific mete- Key words: vulnerability, future projec- orological information on future cli- tions, Carpathian Basin, ALADIN-Cli- mate change to NAGiS. In the pro- mate, water management

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 61 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT IMPACTS IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN

Viktória Blanka, Zsuzsanna Ladányi, Gábor Mezősi, János Rakonczai Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Szeged, Hungary [email protected]

Climate change and drought were observed. By highlighting criti- strongly affect the Carpathian Basin cal drought hazard areas and the having clearly observed complex en- connections between hydrological vironmental impacts in the last dec- conditions and vegetation response ades. Climate change impacts and results are useful for spatial and the observed environmental impacts landscape planning or land and wa- contribute to increasing rate and fre- ter management to better adapt on quency of drought, causing social, the increasing drought hazards af- economic, and environmental prob- fecting the land functioning e.g. in lems. The problems are mostly relat- primary production, habitat qualities ed to the changing hydrological con- etc. ditions. The lack of water during According to regional climate drought periods is harmful to all liv- model simulations, Carpathian Basin ing organisms and results in reduc- will be exposed to increasing drought tions in agricultural yields. The long- hazard, which will make this hazard term changes in water resources are probably the most serious hazard of an important indicator of climate the region. Furthermore, because of trends and human impacts. The dri- the projected increase in climatic ex- er period from the beginning of the tremes, high fluctuation of the haz- 1980s caused significant decline of ards can be expected. Therefore, the groundwater resources mainly in the development of sustainable and re- Danube-Tisza Interfluve. Low-water source water management, and a periods became more frequent and monitoring or early warning system decreasing discharge values are de- that provides real-time information tected for lowland Hungarian rivers. on agricultural and hydrological as- The vegetation response to climate pects at the local or county level change and drought years was also would be highly welcomed in this assessed. The reduction of biodiver- region. sity and wetland habitats, and the transformation of habitats, moreover Key words: drought impacts, water in drought years decreased vegeta- resources, vegetation response, moni- tion intensity and serious yield loss toring

62 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CHANGES IN HEAT WAVES INDICES IN SOUTHERN ROMANIA

Adina-Eliza Croitoru, Adrian Piticar, Flavius Antoniu Ciupertea, Cristina Florina Roșca Faculty of Geography, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [email protected]

Among the weather events gen- consecutive days when Excess Heat erated by extreme temperatures, Factor is greater than 0. Three ref- heat waves are some of the most erence periods were used to calcu- harmful. They are often associated late the percentile values (1961– with numerous disasters such as 1990, 1971–2000, and 1981–2010). human health, and mortality, water Five parameters of heat waves were quality, and engineered systems, investigated: heat wave number, and their secondary effects on soci- cumulative duration, the longest ety. The main objective of this study yearly event, the magnitude, and was to detect and analyze changes amplitude. Trends were computed in heat waves in Southern Romania using ordinary least square (OLS) over a 55-yr period (1961–2015). and t-test methods at a statistical They were defined based on both significance threshold of 5% (p-val- daily maximum and minimum air ue is less than 0.05). Our study re- temperature recorded in 11 weath- veals a remarkable increase in al- er stations during the extended most all parameters no matter what 5-months summer (May-Sept) using definitions we considered over May- the set of indices recommended by Sept period. While the impact of ET-SCI. Similar multi-angle investi- heat waves on natural environment gations of heat waves haven’t been and human society may also in- done up to now for Romania. Three crease, our results can add a signif- heat waves definitions were consid- icant contribution in determining ered: at least three consecutive adaptation strategies for mitigation days when maximum temperature the impact of such events. is greater than 90th percentile, at least three consecutive days when Key words: heat wave, ordinary least minimum temperature is greater square method, t-test, climate change, than 90th percentile, at least three Southern Romania

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 63 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria OUTDOOR HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT IN THE CITY OF NOVI SAD (SERBIA)

Dragan Milošević, Stevan Savić Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia [email protected]

Urban climate monitoring system compact midrise LCZ. The most (UCMS) was established in Novi Sad comfortable area is dense trees LCZ (Serbia) in 2014 with air tempera- north of the city. Thermal comfort dif- ture (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) ferences between all LCZs are statis- sensors deployed on 27 locations in tically significant during the nighttime city and its surroundings. Thermal and more pronounced (up to 6.9 °C) comfort of humans was assssed by than at daytime (up to 3.9 °C). using Physiologically Equivalent Calculated values of human ther- Temperature (PET) thermal comfort mal comfort indices can provide ur- index calculations during heat wave ban planners and architects in the (HW) period. Comfortable and un- city of Novi Sad the opportunity to comfortable outdoor areas in Novi propose and design comfortable are- Sad were detected and thermal com- as of the city in order to mitigate the fort differences were quantified. negative effects of urban climate The highest thermal loads are and expected climate change. present in the open midrise local climate zone (LCZ) of the city during Key words: urban climate monitoring the daytime. In nighttime hours, system, outdoor thermal comfort, PET, highest PET values are present in local climate zone, Novi Sad

64 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF KARST WATER REGIME IN THE DANUBE RIVER CATCHMENT AREA AT THE BULGARIAN TERRITORY

Evelina Damyanova1, Aleksey Benderev2 1National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected] 2Aleksey Benderev, Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

The main goal of this study is to stones and dolomites of Sarmatian, explain the role of karst water in the Senonian, Lower Cretaceous, Upper formation of groundwater flow of the Jurassic, and Triassic age. In the Danube tributaries on Bulgarian ter- North, they form discrete aquifers ritory and the runoff of larger karst that gradually sink in depth and are springs in the river watershed. The of the plate karst type, while the studied area covers the region be- southern part is characterized by the tween the Danube River and the typical mountain basin karst and the main Balkan ridge (Stara Planina Fore-Balkan karst types. The aqui- mountain), which is a major water- fers are drained by springs and all of shed separating the Black Sea and the important ones are included in the Aegean catchment areas. The the Bulgarian National Groundwater eastern border of the region is the Monitoring Network. This allows the watershed between the Danube Riv- study to analyze the changes in their er and the Black Sea. In geological water quantities according to the terms, the studied area is located on specific conditions of the karstifica- the Moesian Platform and its south- tion phase. The paper also assesses ern parts cover the structural ele- their role in forming the flow of the ments that constitute the Fore-Bal- Danube River tributaries and classi- kan and the Balkan on which surface fies the springs based on their re- there are outcrops of rocks that vary gime. by type and age. Some of them provide favourable conditions for karst Key words: karst, karst water, regime water formation. These are lime- of springs

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 65 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria MULTI YEAR CHANGES OF THE RIVER DANUBE WATER LEVEL IN THE BULGARIAN SECTION

Kristina Gartsiyanova, Marian Varbanov National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

This article analyzes the multiyear sessed. The positive and negative fluctuations of the river Danube wa- cycles of the water level are deter- ter level in the Bulgarian section mined by applying mathematical and based on data for the last 100 years statistical methods. The results could for six monitoring points. Changes be used in navigation on the river under the influence of natural and Danube and water use for human ac- anthropogenic factors were exam- tivity. ined, realization of the extreme water levels, the frequency and distribu- Key words: Danube, water level, multi- tion during the year have been as- year

66 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria LOCAL CLIMATES OF VARDAR, STRUMA AND MESTA VALLEYS ACCORDING TO KÖPPEN CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION

Hristo Popov Department of Climatology, Hydrology and Geomorphology, Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

Koppen classification is actual tablishing the inner zones variability and useful for characteristics of dif- trough time. In order to achieve this ferent climate types and their chang- goal we use the SST (sea surface es. Available maps based on this temperature) and precipitation data classification are dealing with conti- from meteorological stations located nental and worldwide zones. This is in key areas of the valleys. Index the reason the mountainous territory changing is variable trough the dif- of the Balkans to be generalized as ferent periods but there has a ten- zones with cold or high mountain cli- dency for general reduction of the mate without further details. annual precipitation in the whole pe- The main aim of the study is de- riod of observation. tail classification of the territory of Vardar, Struma and Mesta in the Key words: climate, Köppen classifica- view of the Köppen system and es- tion, valleys, temperature, precipitation

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 67 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ASSESSMENT OF KARST WATER IN NORTHWEST BULGARIA

Maria Temelkova National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

Karst waters are widespread in Mramorenski, Pastrina, Salash. Al- the region of Northwest Bulgaria. In though the flow of karst springs has the area of Mizia platform are shaped considerable variations – maximum karst aquifers, and in the areas of until July, minimum during the sum- the Fore Balkan and West Balkan mer and winter months, they are many karst basins. The author ac- used for water supply. Water is on cepted the names of Antonov (Un- average 40 m depth. Is achieved by derground waters ..., 1980). In the drilling wells, mainly in industrial paper there is a map of all karst ba- companies, and can be used for sins in this region and a table with manufacture purposes, but not rec- their characteristics. Salash and Be- ommended for drinking water supply logradchik karst basins are in the to the population as karst groundwa- catchment area of river Lom, Rabi- ter is high carbonate content and is sha and Belogradchik karst basins not suitable for this purpose. are in the catchment area of river Archar and in that of river Ogosta Key words: karst waters, karst basins, are Bistrets-Matnishki, Milanovski, assessment

68 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria WATER RESOURCES DETERMINATION OF SURFACE WATER BODIES AT THE BULGARIAN BASINS OF THE LOWER DANUBE

P. Ninov, Tz. Karagiozova, M. Rankova National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

Object of the study are surface ube River basin, which is expressed water bodies from category “rivers”, in large quantity and variety of according to Water Frame Directive formed hydrologic homogeneous 2000/60/ЕС. Surface water assess- sections. River flow is characterized ment is important for number of ac- with annual and inter-annual varia- tivities such as: water management bility determined by climatic factors in the country, making reports to in- and anthropogenic influence. ternational agencies, determining Available resource of surface wa- the change of the resources in the ter is permanently disturbed by hu- light of upcoming climate changes. man activity, which has had a signif- It`s determination is based on infor- icant impact on their natural move. mation of hydrometric stations from In most cases because of limited the monitoring network system in number of gauging stations informa- NIMH-BAS in which are registered tion from them cannot be used di- real ongoing and available water rectly to determine the water bodies’ quantities that are subject of man- resources. agement. One of the main tasks of hydro- In the study a technology for logic studies is the transfer of infor- surface water bodies in the Bulgari- mation from gauged to ungauged. an basins of lower Danube is applied, In this paper is estimated the sur- which has been developed in the face water bodies’ resource in origi- frame of cooperative project togeth- nal regression relationships based er with Ministry of Environment and on multiannual hydrological informa- Water. Danube river basin is the big- tion from the NIMH-BAS monitoring gest river basin into the EU and is an network. example of variety of flow forming conditions. This is absolutely true Key words: watershed, water bodies, for the Bulgarian section of the Dan- homogeneous surface water

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 69 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE EXTREME WINTER OF 1783/1784 AND FLOODS IN CENTRAL EUROPE

Marián Melo1, Ingrid Damborská1, Peter Pišút2, Peter Škoda3 1Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia 2Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia 3Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected]

In this paper we focused on the Danube River as well as the amount history of climate in Central Europe of snow on the frozen river. during the winter season 1783/84. The floods during the winter We describe the weather condi- 1783/84 are covered by documenta- tions of this period in Central Eu- ry data at the broader European rope (low temperatures, frozen scale and in case of the Danube Riv- soils, snow accumulation and asso- er also by instrumental data. Hydro- ciated floods) on the base of docu- logical measurements from this peri- mentary data (newspapers, flood od are available for the Danube in marks). During this period Johann Vienna from 1 January 1784. The Ignaz von Felbiger conducted early measurements were made under the instrumental meteorological obser- direction of the Jean-Baptiste vations in Bratislava. Based on Bréquin and were published in the these observations the exception- Wiener Zeitung. Our contribution ally cold nature of the winter presents the findings about it. 1783/84 (as a whole) in Bratislava can be inferred. Felbiger also ob- Key words: Cold winter, air tempera- served the ice phenomena on the ture, snow, floods, documentary data

70 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SHIFT OF CLIMATIC ZONES IN THE DANUBIAN LOWLAND IN SLOVAKIA BASED ON KONČEK’S CLASSIFICATION

Marián Melo, Milan Lapin, Martin Gera, Ingrid Damborská Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected]

Climates can be classified using a ubian Lowland region. The Danubian variety of methods. Analysis based Lowland in Slovakia (southwestern on the Konček’s method is the most Slovakia) represents a northern part frequently used regional climatic of the Little Danubian Basin (Little classifications in Slovakia. The Hungarian Plain). Analysis based on boundaries between different cli- this climatic classification shows that mate types tend to shift over time. during the 20th century and at the Our aim is to detect territorial shifts beginning of the 21st century certain in climate regions and sub-regions in territorial shifts in climatic sub-re- the Danubian Lowland during the gions in the Danubian Lowland have 20th century and at the beginning of appeared. The climate has become the 21st century using the Konček’s warmer and more arid in this area. climatic classification scheme as well Scenarios show the additional warm- as on the base of modified climate ing and increase of aridity in this ter- models outputs (climate change sce- ritory by the end of the 21st century. narios) to outline possible trend in This work was supported by the this territory in the future. Two re- Slovak Research and Development gional climate models (RCMs) (Dutch Agency under Contract No. APVV– KNMI and German MPI), both forced 0089–12. by ECHAM5 GCM boundary conditions, have been used at the design Key words: Cold winter, air tempera- of climate change scenarios for Dan- ture, snow, floods, documentary data

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 71 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FAUNISTIC STUDY OF THE DANUBE ISLAND TSIBAR

Roumiana Metcheva1, Michaela Beltcheva1, Borislav Naumov1, Yordan Yankov1, Tanio Mitchev1, Lyubomir Profirov, Plamen Mitov2, Lyubomir Kenderov2, Elena Georgieva3, Petar Petrov3, Stoyan Goranov1 1 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 2 Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria 3 P-United LTD, Bulgaria [email protected]

Tsibar island is situated on Bul- maeus) and White-tailed Eagle (Hali- garian part of Danube river, at the aeetus albicilla) and one of the most 680 m of the Bulgaian and about 100 important sites in Bulgaria for the of the Romanian coast from 716 to nesting species Night Heron (Nycti- 719 km along the river, with an area corax nycticorax), Squacco Heron of 1.3 km2. The territory is covered (Ardeola ralloides) and Spoonbill mainly by riparian woodland. Be- (Platalea leucorodia). There are cause of its European importance to identified more than 100 animal spe- the protection of rare and threat- cies: 40 terrestrial and 11 aquatic ened habitats, plants and animals, invertebrates, 5 fish species, 1 am- including birds the island falls within phibian and 1 reptile species, 30 the borders of proposed Natura 2000 birds (including 22 breeding), 16 sites under both the Birds and the mammalian species (including 8 spe- Habitats Directive. Part of the island cies of bats). Ascertained are the is placed under strict protection as a Medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana), maintained reserve “Ibisha”. In 1997 which is a rare species at European the territory was designated as Im- level, endangered Thick shelled river portant Bird Area by BirdLife Inter- mussel (Unio crassus), protected fish national. In 2002 the reserve has Asp (Leuciscus aspius) and Great been declared as a Ramsar site ac- raft spider (Dolomedes plantarius), cording to the international conven- included in the Red Data Book of tion for conservation of wetlands. Bulgaria in the category “extinct”. A Tsibar island is of international im- management plan for Ibisha Main- portance defined by the one of the tained Reserve was developed in largest mixed colony of herons and 2015. cormorants in Bulgaria. It is a site of global importance for the nesting Key words: fauna, Ibisha reserve, Pygmy Cormorant (Microcarbo pyg- Tsibar island

72 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria WATER QUALITY OF THE DANUBE RIVER IN SERBIA DOWNSTREAM FROM THE DJERDAP LAKE

Dragana Milijašević Geographical Institute ”Jovan Cvijić“, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

Given the Danube is Europe’s determine the water quality of the second-longest river and its signifi- Danube. Water quality was analyz- cance for human life, it is impor- ed for the period 2005-2014 onthe tant to maintain good water quality profile Radujevac. Water Quality and protect it from pollution. Based protection of the Danube is one of on data of the quality of water, col- the priority tasks of the cross bor- lected by the Republic Hydromete- der regions and countries through orological Service of Serbia, a sta- which it flows. tistical analysis of certain parame- tershad been performed, which Key words: Danube, Serbia, Water made it possible to qualitatively Quality

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 73 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria IMPACT OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN EUROPEAN AREA ON THE CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE – CASE STUDY OF BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATORY “MOUSSALA”

Nina Nikolova1, Christo Angelov1, Todor Arsov1, Spasimir Pilev2, Nina Nikolova2 1Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 2Faculty of Geology and Geography, University of Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

The volcanic eruptions are one of jectory and dispersion of pollutant the most characteristic natural sourc- and products from eruptions of Etna

es of CO2 in the atmosphere. To in the atmosphere. The synchrony study the effect of volcanic eruptions between occurrence of days with ex-

in increased levels of CO2 data from treme high concentration of CO2 in Basic Environmental Observatory the atmosphere and eruptions of (BEO) “Moussala”, for the period July Etna volcano is established in the 2007 - March 2015, are used. Car- most of investigated cases. bon dioxide is not a health hazard The analysis of the results from gas and there is no established limit BEO “Moussala” confirms the impact concentration of Bulgarian and inter- of the volcanic eruptions and Etna national law. As extremely high val- volcano, in particular, for the increas-

ues in this study have been accepted ing of concentration of CO2 in the the values that exceed the 95th per- atmosphere. From the other side it is centile of the distribution of the daily established that the activity of Etna average values for the studied peri- is not only the factor which has im-

od. Days with exceedances of CO2 pact on the concentration of CO2. concentration was analyzed in terms The depth analyses not only of natu- of the volcanic activity (Etna), which ral but also of anthropogenic factors could affect the investigated area have to be done in the future in or- with the spread of air pollutants, and der to clarify the reasons for increas-

CO2 also. ing the concentration of CO2 in the The simulations developed by Hy- atmosphere. brid Single Particle Lagrangian Inte- grated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) Model Key words: carbon dioxide, Etna vol- are used in order to describe the tra- canic eruptions, Bulgaria, HYSPLIT Model

74 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF LOCAL CLIMATE ZONES UNDER IDEAL AND AVERAGE CONDITIONS IN SZEGED BASED ON A ONE-YEAR MONITORING NETWORK DATASET

Nóra Skarbit, Tamás Gál, János Unger, Attila Kovács Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology University of Szeged, Hungary [email protected]

The purpose of our study is to differences among the zones and evaluate the differences among ther- the stations within several zones. In mal characteristics of local climate addition, this monitoring network zones in Szeged. These differences provides the opportunity to evalu- were examined under average con- ate the temporal development of ditions and on ideal days, when the spatial pattern of UHI. Our results weather situations were favourable show that the temperature differ- for the development of the local ences from the rural site are larger scale climatology especially for the in the densely built compact zones urban heat island (UHI) phenome- than in the open and natural zones. non. The dataset was provided from Within the urban area there are dif- a 24-station urban monitoring net- ferences between the built-up work established in Szeged, Hunga- types, which are higher in case of ry. The representativeness for the ideal conditions. The findings of our local climate zones of Szeged was investigation draw the attention to an important requirement in the in- the differences in thermal charac- stallation of the network. Our ex- teristics of the several built-up amined period was June 2014 – May types, which can provide informa- 2015 thus characteristics of all sea- tion for urban planning. sons and a whole year were evalua- ble. In our investigation inter-zone Key words: urban climate, urban heat and intra-zone comparisons were island, local climate zones, monitoring carried out accordingly the thermal network, Szeged

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 75 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CLIMATIC INDEXES DERIVED FROM METEOROLOGICAL STATION ZEMEN AND THEIR APPLICATION IN AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESERCH

Hristo Popov1, Petko Bozhkov1, Aleksandar Peichev2, Alexandar Sarafov3 1Department of Climatology, Hydrology and Geomorphology, Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected], [email protected] 2Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria 3Landscape Sciences and Environmental Protection Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria

Climatic indexes are widely used and activity of different environ- tool in contemporary studies of vari- mental processes, some of which ous types of climatesalong with nu- have influence on the landscape merous natural processes and phe- and therefore on economic and so- nomena. In order to meet the needs cial activities in the study area. Such of various scientific tasks these- in periods are drought and heavy rain- dexes are developed or improving falls, duration and retention of snow their precision and implementation cover, periods with high and low on different areas. values of air and soil temperature. Collected data form meteorologi- Climate conditions are comment as cal station Zemen is used to calcu- factor for different slope and ero- late climatic indexes. In the pre- sion processes activity. sented study authors emphasize on their application in agroclimatology Key words: agroclimatology, geomor- and geomorphology. An attempt is phology, drought, snow cover, soil tem- made to determine the periods with perature, frost, weathering, mass move- certain conditions for development ment, fluvial dynamics, erosion

76 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CHANGES IN COLD WAVES PARAMETERS IN SOUTHERN ROMANIA

Adrian Piticar, Adina-Eliza Croitoru, Gabriela Victoria Harpa, Andrea Sabina Scripcă Faculty of Geography, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [email protected]

The most recent studies indicate mean, maximum and minimum in- that cold waves have, in many cases, tensity. To detect trends in cold effects on environment and society waves parameters Mann-Kendall comparable to that caused by heat test and Sen’s slope estimator were waves. The aim of this study was to employed. The results showed that analyze changes in cold waves fea- cold waves recorded a generalized tures in Southern Romania over a decrease in all parameters consid- 55-year period (1961–2015). They ered, especially in the annual num- were identified based on daily mini- ber of events as well as in cumulat- mum air temperature recorded in 11 ed duration in a year. Increasing weather stations. In this study a cold trends were recorded mostly in the wave event was considered when maximum intensity of cold waves minimum air temperature was below suggesting that they have become the threshold of 10th, 5th and 2th milder over the considered period. percentile for at least three consecu- As an overall conclusion, our results tive days. Percentile thresholds were emphasize that cold waves have be- calculated for the 1981–2010 inter- come shorter and less intense in val. Seven parameters of cold waves Southern Romania. were analyzed: the total number of events in a year, cumulated duration Key words: cold wave, Mann-Kendall in a year, mean duration in a year, and Sen’s slope, climate change, South- the longest yearly event, as well as ern Romania

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 77 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT IN THE DANUBE PLAIN, BULGARIA

Kalina Radeva, Nina Nikolova Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected], [email protected]

Drought has affected 37% of the sults based on the SPI and SDI show European Union’s territory in the that almost all the investigated areas past three decades, causing ecologi- suffered from mild to moderate cal and socio-economical damages droughts during the study period. and impacting more than 100 million Severe hydrological droughts oc- inhabitants (EC 2007). The negative curred only for one station in the be- trend in many years’ precipitation ginning of the investigated period changes established in various re- (1993–1994). The driest years are gions of Bulgaria show that there is 2002 and 2007 when severe or ex- high probability of occurrence of fre- treme meteorological drought has quent and intensive droughts in the been observed in some of meteoro- country. logical stations but hydrological data The purpose of this study is to show mainly moderate drought in evaluate the occurrence of hy- most of cases. dro-meteorological droughts in the Results also showed high correla- Danube Plain territory, North Bulgar- tion between many-years variability ia. The investigated area is a rural of meteorological drought index region with intense agricultural pro- (SPI) and hydrologic drought index duction and developed food industry (SDI). The values of the correlation and is a drought prone region. As a coefficients between SPI and SDI–12 natural hazard, drought is best char- are higher than between SPI and acterized by multiple climatological SDI–6. From other side according to and hydrological parameters. In the SPI dry years represent about 40 to present study the meteorological 50 % of the years in the period drought is analyzed by Standardized 1993–1999 and SDI shows that Precipitation Index (SPI) and the hy- more than 70% of the investigated drologic drought is defined by Stream years are dry. This indicates that flow Drought Index (SDI). Both indi- rainfall is not the only factor that de- ces are calculated for overlapping termines hydrological drought. periods of 6 and 12 months at seven hydrometric and nine meteorological Key words: drought, Standardized Pre- stations located in the Danube Plain cipitation Index, Streamflow Drought over the period 1993–2009. The re- Index, discharge, precipitation

78 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ONE YEAR INTRA-URBAN CLIMATE OBSERVATION IN NOVI SAD (SERBIA)

Stevan Savić, Dragan Milošević Climatology and Hydrology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia [email protected]

The objective of this paper is the based on conparisons of various in- evaluation of the installed urban cli- dexes from different LCZ-s. The se- mate monitoring network system in lected times are from periods with Novi Sad (Serbia) for intra-urban maximum T and RH differences comparisons. among different urban LCZ-s and The automated Geographic Infor- between urban areas and nonur- mation System method was used for ban environment. defining and delineating seven Local The results showed adequate and Climate Zone (LCZ) and two land logical spatial and temporal patterns cover types occurring in the study of T and RH in Novi Sad urban areas area. Monitoring network contains and nonurban environment. Tempo- 27 stations. The measurements from ral comparisons showed the biggest stations are wirelessly uploaded differences of T and RH between every 10 minutes to a database for mid-rise built types and nonurban immediate and subsequent process- environments. Spatial analysis con- ing and analysis. firmed that the thermal comfort of Datasets analysis is based on urban dwellers is less adequate in the first year operation period the most urbansed areas. (from 01.07.2014 to 30.06.2015) of the station network for air tem- Key words: Local Climate Zones (LCZ), perature (T) and relative humidity Intra-urban analysis, Temperature, Rela- (RH). The intra-urban analysis are tive Humidity, Novi Sad (Serbia)

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 79 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ALTERATION OF SPATIAL PATTERNS OF NOCTURNAL CLIMATE INDICIES DURING THE 21TH CENTURY IN CASE OF SZEGED, HUNGARY

Tamás Gál, Nóra Skarbit Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Hungary [email protected]

Studying the urban environment nocturnal climate indices namely is important because of the high warm nights (Tmin ≥ 17 °C) and number of the involved inhabitants. tropical nights (Tmin ≥ 20 °C) dur- In urban areas surface cover and ge- ing the 21st century in Szeged. The ometry differ from the rural surfaces, backbone of the modeling process is and the water and energy balances the MUKLIMO_3 urban scale micro- are modified. As a result the thermal climatic model. In the model for the environment is significantly modi- land use we utilized the Local Cli- fied, the nocturnal temperature usu- mate Zone (LCZ) system. The model ally higher in urban areas compared outputs are one day simulations. We to the surrounding rural environ- applied a statistical downscaling ment. In case of summer heat waves technique – the so called cuboid the increased nocturnal temperature method – in order to generate the 30 might be very stressful as the lack of year mean values of climate indices nighttime recreation is harmful for using the single day simulations and the human well-being and health. In climate datasets. The indices in case heat waves if the minimum tempera- of the present climate (1981–2010) ture is over 20 °C a significant -in were calculated based on measure- crease of the mortality rate was ob- ment data. For the future change of served in numerous settlements. the climate indices we applied the Therefore it is an important question results of Representative Concentra- how the temperature change varies tion Pathways (RCP) scenarios according to the different built-up namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for 2021- types and how is it possible to miti- 2050 and 2071–2100 from the gate climate change at local scale EURO-CORDEX datasets. using urban planning actions and which built-up types are preferable? Key words: urban climate, climate This study evaluates the alteration of change, urban climate modelling

80 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ASSESSING FLOOD RISK USING GIS IN KANJIZA (SERBIA)

Vladimir Markovic, Ugljesa Stankov, Imre Nagy Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia [email protected]

Floods cause numerous consid- ing types and by number of inhabit- erable problems in economy, socie- ants per building types taking in ty and environment on low lying consideration the civil protection parts of Serbia. Since we have small level. As the final result, the risk impact on formation of the flood map shows four floods risk level hazard, our focus should be on re- zones in study area ranked from duction of vulnerability and expo- “Low”, “Medium”, “High” to “Very sure to the risk event. By applying high” which can be used by the lo- the GIS tools, floods risk areas in cal authorities in order to design Kanjiza municipality was extracted. strategies for reducing negative ef- Based on digital elevation model, fects from floods hazard. categorization of different hazards level was done. Impact levels were Key words: floods, Kanjiza, risk assess- calculated for impact value by build- ment

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 81 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ANALYSIS OF THE MEAN OF DAILY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE ROMANIAN PLAIN (1961 – 2015)

Alina Vladut Geography Department, University of Craiova, Romania [email protected]

The present aims at rendering respectively 1989 as break point, the characteristics of the means of while at the other stations, it is the the daily maximum temperature at same year according to SNHT and monthly, seasonal and annual level T-test, and a different one based on within the Romanian Plain, as well as MWP. Based on Mann-Kendall test their trends. The time series cover a and Sen’s slope estimation, there 55-year period (1961-2015) and were emphasized temperature data come from 8 meteorological trends and their statistical signifi- stations. In order to assess the dis- cance. The highest temperature in- tribution of the data, there were cal- crease and upward trend was regis- culated two coefficients (Skewness tered for mean annual and mean – S and Kurtosis – K) and also ap- summer values (0.001 level of signif- plied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test icance within the entire region). for normal distribution. The positive However, except for autumn, which S values and negative K values indi- is generally characterized by statisti- cate that the distribution is not sym- cally insignificant negative trends, all metrical but, taking into account that the other seasons display significant the values are quite close to 0, we upward trends. At monthly level, may assume, it is not far from nor- only the summer months registered mal. The KS test also indicates a nor- upwards trends within the entire mal distribution. Homogeneity of the plain (level of significance oscillating annual temperatures was tested by between 0.05 and 0.001), while in means of Pettitt test, Standard Nor- autumn months there were not reg- mal Homogeneity Test (SNTH) and istered any statistically significant T-test, which emphasized that the trends. change point was registered before 2000. At three stations (D.T. Severin, Key words: maximum temperature, Bechet, Buzău) all three applied normal distribution, homogeneity tests, tests indicated the same year 1988, Mann-Kendall test, Romanian Plain

82 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria V Session GIS, LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS AND LANDSCAPE PLANNING

GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SNOW DEPTH: A STUDY OF WESTERN RHODOPES, BULGARIA

Valentina Nikolova1, Aleksandar Penkov2 1Department of Geology and Geoinformatics, University of Mining and Geology, Bulgaria 2Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University, Bulgaria [email protected]

The aim of the present research is tude, aspect, slope and solar radiation to show the advantages of information as explanatory variables that could be technology in investigating the snow used for determination of the territori- cover. The snow data is usually taken al distribution of the snow depth. from the measurement in meteorolog- These factors are determined on the ical stations which are often sparsely base of digital elevation model and the and insufficient. The problem in the relationship between variables is eval- analysis of the snow cover is how to uated by application ordinary less present point data spatially and what squares (OLS) analysis and geograph- is the most appropriate model. In this ically weighted regression (GWR). Ap- case it is necessary to determine the plying the GWR between the above 4 main factors for the territorial distribu- explanatory variables and snow depth tion of the snow depth and to evaluate shows high coefficient of determina- the type and strength of the relation tion (R2 > 0.9) and strong relationship. between independent and dependent Spatial presentation of point data is variables. done by inverse distance weighted The area of the present research and ordinary kriging interpolation. The is the western part of Rhodopes both methods show that the interpre- Mountain, situated in the Southern tation of the results should be done Bulgaria. The relief is variable from taking into account the relief and the low to high mountainous and the cli- exposition of the territory. Future stud- mate is influenced by the high alti- ies should be focused in finding the tude and Mediterranean air advec- most proper way for removing data tions. The spatial analysis of the dis- imperfections and spatial presentation tribution of snow depth is done in of point data from sparsely and insuf- ArcGIS by application of Spatial Sta- ficient meteorological stations in com- tistics Tools and Geostatistical Ana- plicated mountain relief. lyst. Having regarded the geographical location of the territory and its Key words: snow depth, spatial inter- natural properties we considered alti- polation, regression, correlation

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 83 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria APPLICATION OF GIS TECHNIQUES FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF LAND DEGRADATION EXPOSED TO FLOOD RISK AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. CASE: DOLJ COUNTY (ROMANIA)

Cristian Emil IONICA Simion Mehedinti’ Doctoral School, Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected]

The study aims to measure the Also other results were aimed to loss of agriculture terrain in Dolj con- reflect a dynamic analysis of the use ty Romania. The proccess is deter- of land and it influence on rural de- mined by 3 major phenomena, in- velopment. crease risk of flood, urban agression The use of this study is to put to- and desertification. gether public representatives, pri- Dolj county, situated in the South- vate and political actors in active West Romania, has a very important participation in order to manage the share of agriculture land, almost organization of rural space and to 78.9% of its surface. Of the total ag- develop ties with other regions in or- riculture land, almost 18,11% is af- der to create smart solutions for Dolj fected by flood risk, in particular lo- county. calities situated on the Danube meadow, and on the riverside of Jiu. To quantify all land situated in the Key words: flood risk, agriculture, risk zones were used GIS technics. stakeholders, Dolj county, Romania

84 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL LOSS CAUSED BY RIVERBANK EROSION IN SERBIA

Slavoljub Dragićević1, Nenad Živković1, Ivan Novković1, Radislav Tošić2 1Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Faculty of Science, University of Banja Luka, Serbia [email protected]

Riverbank erosion and lateral Bank erosion data derived from a channel migration are important ge- GIS overlay methodology for the dif- omorphological processes in Serbia ferent periods and rivers in Serbia which caused a various landscapes, will be used to estimate the sedi- socio-economic and environmental ment generation from riverbank ero- consequences. For the whole territo- sion. The aim of this research is to ry of Serbia, there is no the available estimate the rates of bank retreat data about the losses of soil caused and losses of soil for some rivers in by riverbank erosion. In this study, Serbia, the relation between the rate we will assess the spatial and tempo- of sediment supply from bank ero- ral dynamics of riverbank erosion for sion and the rate of sediment dis- some rivers in Serbia (Drina, Kolubara, charge compared to long-term rates, Velika Morava, Pek and Veliki Timok) and connect them to human or nat- during large time-scale using remote ural processes as influencing factors. sensing and GIS. Comparing the The data presented here are signifi- data from different periods, we will cant for practical issues such as pre- determine the evolution and the rate dicting channel migration rates for of lateral channel migration over engineering and planning purposes, large-scale periods. The importance soil and water management, etc. of bank erosion is in changing sediment discharge downstream, where Key words: riverbank erosion, lateral the increase in suspended sediment channel migration, sediment discharge, loads is attributed to bank collapse. soil loss, Serbia

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 85 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria COMPLEX AND MULTISCALE LANDSCAPE STUDIES IN THE NORTHWESTERN BULGARIA WITH APPLICATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HIGHER EDUCATION

Natalia Kalutskova, Nicolay Dronin, Natalia Telnova Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, Moscow, Russia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Paper presents methodological some landscape-based methods for and scientific results of landscape environmental assessment and studies conducting for the last 10 learn our students to detect in field years in the Northwestern Bulgaria, the condition of forest stands, to municipality of Belogradchik, in the distinguish and mapped abandoned framework of long field course for agricultural lands, to reveal land- the high-year students of Moscow scape aesthetics with the prefer- State University specialized in land- ence to recreational use and plan scape and environmental science. tourists tracks and routes with high The territory in study has a high scenic value. All the results of such level of landscape diversity and a studies are mapped and also pre- particular composite land use and sented as thematic layers in GIS land cover past and contemporary and in Web-GIS application “Mos- patterns. It also contains several cow State University’s Geoportal”. unique landscape and geomorpho- Landscape units mapped in differ- logical phenomena such as wide- ent scales are a reliable base for ly-known Belogradchik rocks. Land- spatially explicit environmental as- scape maps in different scales were sessments and planning of nature created with the use of field and conservation measures that’s why remote sensing data for the territory landscape field studies may be con- of “Belogradchik rocks” natural mon- sidered as an inherent part of high- ument (36 sq. km, scale 1:25 000) er education in environmental sci- and for the whole territory of Be- ence as a whole. logradchik municipality (300 sq. km, scale 1:100 000). During different Key words: landscape, Belogradchik, years of field course we elaborate environmental assessment, GIS

86 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FLOOD VULNERABLE AREAS IN SLOVAKIA BASED ON MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS

Martina Zeleňáková1, Peter Blišťan2, Pavol Purcz3 1 Institute of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Slovakia [email protected] 2 Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Geographical Information Systems, Technical University of Košice, Slovakia 3 Institute of Construction Technology and Management, Technical University of Košice, Slovakia

Flood vulnerability is a common in Slovakia is employed to illustrate effect of two independent mecha- the different approaches. A geo- nisms natural conditions and the graphical information system is in- human activities in the basin. The tegrated with multicriteria analysis primary impulses of floods are usu- in the paper. We created two mul- ally extremely intense precipitation. ticriteria vulnerability maps for Slo- The total catchment’s hydrological vakia. Our pilot study showed sig- response to intense rainfall is deter- nificant differences between both mined by its natural environment, a methods – Ranking method and whole complex of characteristics of Analytical Hierarch Process. The the basin. The aim of the present different results obtained from study is to generate a composite these two methods indicate the im- map for decision makers using se- portance of the decision maker in lected factors causing floods. In the determining the weights and the analyses, some of the causative proper method, and making the de- factors for flooding in a basin area cision. The weighting of the criteria are taken into account, such as pre- significantly affects the results of cipitation, geology, land use, size of the overall evaluation. the catchment and basin slope. A case study of flood vulnerability Key words: geographical information identification in catchments’ areas system, flood risk, multicriteria analysis

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 87 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria AN ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT HISTORICAL ANTHROPIC LAKES NETWORK IN NORTHERN PART OF THE MOLDAVIAN PLATEAU (NE ROMANIA) BASED ON HIGH RESOLUTION LIDAR DEM INVENTORY AND GEOMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF ABANDONED DAMS

Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint, Mihai Niculiţă1 “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, Romania [email protected]

A particular environmental fea- of lakes was available only for cer- ture of the northern part of Moldavi- tain periods (the case of historical an Plateau (NE Romania) is the large maps) being characterized by nu- number of anthropic lakes along riv- merous localization uncertainties er courses. Even more, due to cli- and incompleteness. matic, hydrological, hydrogeological Analizing recent high resolution and geomorphological settings and Lidar DEM images, we have per- human activities (dominated by an form an accurate inventory of extensive agriculture) this character- abandoned dams. Using generat- istic was mentioned and mapped in ing „contour function” of Global writen records and cartographic rep- Mapper v.15.0 package, we have resentations in many historical stages recnstruct an approximately spatial of humanization of mentioned region. extension of corresponding lakes. The need for watter supply have Some of them have been recog- forced the inhabitants to build dams nized on old maps (topographic of various sizes along the entire river map form 1894, 1940, 1960, 1984), network. Over the time, many dams while many others have been iden- were abandoned, while others have tified and mapped for the first time been relocated with a impresive dy- in this work. namic at historical time scale. Until nowadays, the spatial distri- Key words: historic lakes, Lidar DEM, bution of these historical generations abandoned dams

88 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria GIS ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING OF CONSERVATION PRIORITIES OF HISTORICAL CENTERS OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES. CASE STUDY: REŞIŢA MUNICIPALITY

George-Laurentiu Merciu1, Vlad Păunescu2, Cristina Merciu3, Loreta Cercleux3 1 Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected], 2Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, Romania 3 Interdisciplinary Center of Advanced Research on Territorial Dynamics, University of Bucharest, Romania

The aim of the study is to assess in the Resita municipality is closely the historic center of the town of linked to the history of industrializa- Resita by using Geographical Infor- tion, as Resita is one of the cities mation System. The first step taken with the most numerous industri- towards the goal of the study was al-heritage assets classified as his- to inventory the historical monu- torical monuments at the national ments in the city of Resita and to level. Resita, as an industrial town, create a database containing the failed to benefit from any special buildings’ characteristics. A GIS- concern for evaluating the degree based conceptual model was design of cultural-heritage conservation. for urban heritage conservation, The results obtained are related to which integrates two parts: one the identification of the typology of the serves for urban heritage inventory heritage buildings in terms of physical and another serves for evaluation of condition and their perspective of re- degree of conservation of historical use (restoration, redevelopment). district of the city of Resita. Mul- Field research led to the conclu- ti-Criteria Analysis was used as a sion that there is a significant num- method to achieve a detailed analy- ber of historical monuments with sis of the cultural heritage of the moderate and a bad degree of con- historical district of Resita. This servation. Also, there is a limited method is currently used in urban number of historical monuments heritage conservation, and it in- that have been restored. cludes economic, social, environmental factors and so on. The spec- Key words: GIS, conservation, Resita ificity of the historical monuments municipality

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 89 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria MAPPING AND ANALYSES OF STRUCTURAL INDICES OF THE TOPOLOVETS RIVER BASIN

Mitko Mitev Department Cartography and GIS, Sofia University ”St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

The Topolovets river is a river in bifurcation, basin area structure, the western Danubian Plain of north- stream length structure, stream ern Bulgaria, a right tributary of the slope structure are used. The spatial Danube. It originates in the western differences in the sub basins are Balkan Mountains and is around 68 evaluated. km in length, with a drainage basin of 583 km². The present work is an Key words: Topolovets river, structure attempt to carry out a study of struc- of bifurcation, structure of the longitudi- tural indices of the Topolovets river nal profile of streams, stream slope basin. The indices of the structure of structure

90 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LINEAR MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF ARCHAR RIVER BASIN

Mitko Mitev1, Velimira Stoyanova2 1Department Cartography and GIS, Sofia University ”St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria 2National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected], [email protected]

Morphometric analysis particular- is an attempt to carry out a study of ly deals with quantitative measure- linear morphometric parameters of ments of different aspects of river Archar river basin by using topo- channels: stream order, bifurcation graphic maps and Geographical In- ratio, stream length, drainage densi- formation System (GIS) techniques. ty, drainage frequency, constant The morphometric spatial analysis channel maintenance, etc. The Ar- includes the assessment of various char River is a river in the western linear parameters. The spatial differ- Danubian Plain of northern Bulgaria ences in the sub-drainage basins are and a right tributary of the Danube. evaluated. It originates in the western Balkan Mountains and is around 60 kilo- Key words: Archar river, stream order, metres in length, with a drainage ba- bifurcation ratio, drainage density, drain- sin of 365 sq. km. The present work age frequency

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 91 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE EFFECTS OF ROAD DENSITY ON HABITATS FROM THE NATURA 2000 SITES IN ROMANIA

Mihaita Iulian Niculae1, Gabriel Ovidiu Vanau1, Sorin Avram2, Maria Patroescu1 1 Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, University of Bucharest, Romania [email protected] 2 Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Craiova , Romania

The habitats and species of com- ArcGIS software. The average value munity importance conservation and calculated is 0.47km/kmp. The land- protectionare an important objectives scape fragmentation induced by the for the European Union. These objec- transport network was evaluated us- tives are attainable through the Habi- ingvarious fragmentation indices tats and Birds directives implementa- (landscape division, splitting index, ef- tion. Based on the two documents, fective mesh size, number of patches), the Natura 2000 network of protected calculated with the Vector-based areas at European Union level was es- Landscape Analysis Tools (V-LATE, tablished. Loss and habitats fragmen- version 2.0). Relations between the tation are the main threats to biodiver- transport network density and habitat sity conservation and thus must be fragmentation, but also habitat rich- addressed. ness, were statistically analysed. Our study aims to evaluate the im- Our results showed that the habi- pact of the transport infrastructure tats in Natura 2000 network are highly over habitat richness and conservation fragmented, with considerable nega- status of species of community impor- tive impact over the existing species. tance form the Natura 2000 network There are few roadless protected are- in Romania. Also, the study looks at as in the sampled SCIs, located in are- how the protected areas distribution as with high and rugged mountainous and major landscape characteristics terrain, scarcely populated. influence the transportation network The results underline the necessity planning. The Natura 2000 sites (374 of transport networkplanning consid- sites), terrestrial or freshwater areas ering the landscape characteristics, (only SCIs), were included in the but also the protected areas distribu- study. We have identified 65 types of tion and value (habitats and species habitats included in Annex 1 of the richness), in order to have a well-bal- Habitats Directive, and calculated the anced territorial planning. habitat richness for each SCI. The density of the transport net- Key words: habitat heterogeneity, road work was determined for each Natura density, landscape fragmentation, Natu- 2000 site included in the study using ra 2000 sites, Romania

92 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria OPEN SOURCE WEB-BASED GIS VISUALIZATION TOOL OF WATER RELATED DATA FOR THE RIVER BASIN OF YANTRA

Tanya Trenkova National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

The web-based geovisualization developed in PostgreSQL and up- tools development boom in the re- loaded on GeoServer, the Web Fea- cent years shows constant trend of ture Service (WFS) from GeoServer demand of comprehensive applica- was used to represent the Vector tions for spatial data visualization Data Layers, and the GeoExt JavaS- and dissemination. The range of us- cript Toolkit for rich web mapping ers increases exponentially, particu- applications based on OpenLayers larly the users of the mobile visuali- library was used at the final stage of zation applications. the development of the tool. The ap- The main purpose of the current plication was developed for desktop research is to develop a user-friendly users. The tool could be improved spatial data viewer of Yantra river further through extension of the watershed showing information functionalities, addition of analysis about the variety of water related tools, regular information update data. The application-prototype is and the development of a mobile developed in several versions using version. only open source software through all the stages. The data were pro- Key words: geovisualization, web- cessed in Q-GIS, the database was based GIS, open source software

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 93 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria LANDSCAPE PLANNING: LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT OF THE NATIONAL PARK FRUŠKA GORA

Nevena Vasiljević1, Boris Radić1, Dejan Djordjević2 1 Department of Landscape architecture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade 2 Department of Spatial planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

European landscapes are losing as a method became very popular, its unique character which caused a especially after European Landscape growing popularity of landscape in Convention. Identification and inter- policy debates, scientific conferenc- pretation of a specific landscape char- es and finally resulting in the Euro- acter, as well as the assessment of its pean Landscape Convention (Council value are positioned in the contempo- of Europe 2000). European Land- rary practice as the crucial part of scape Convention was proposed a landscape planning and manage- broad and comprehensive definition ment. The concept of protection, of landscape: “Landscape means an planning and development of the area, as perceived by people, whose landscapes in the Spatial Plan of the character is the result of the action Republic of Serbia 2020 is based, in- and interaction of natural and/or hu- ter alia, on the following: preserva- man factors”. Fundamental phenom- tion, improvement of landscape char- ena in landscape are reflected in its acter, as well as connecting values in unique character, created as a result the space (local, regional, national, of action and interaction complex, ecological and cultural networks). and manifested through historical As a results of the landscape char- legacy and contemporary dynamics. acter assessment of the Fruška gora One of the general national meas- National Park, this paper gives an ures in Convention is to integrate overview of the main landscape char- landscape into its regional and town acter types and emphasizes the land- planning policies and in its cultural, scape character as a new value. Fi- environmental, agricultural, social nally, some thoughts are formulated and economic policies, as well as in how to preserve and improve land- any other policies with possible di- scape character of the Fruška gora rect or indirect impact on landscape. monasteries as a task of general na- Specific measures indicate how this tional measures in European Land- can be achieved. It requires “re- scape Convention: „landscape“ inte- search and studies in order to identi- gration in forest policies in Serbia. fy landscapes and analyses their characteristics and the dynamics and Key words: Landscape planning, Fruš- pressures which affect them.” ka gora National Park, Serbian Forest Landscape character assessment Policy

94 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria VI Session CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES IN GEOGRAPHY

„LIMES ROUTE” THE NEXT WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN HUNGARY

Bulcsú Remenyik, Lajos Szabó, László Guth Department of Tourism and Catering, Budapest Business University and Szent István University, Hungary [email protected]

The national monument preser- more so because we are operating in vation offices in Hungary and Slo- the densely populated Danube area, vakia started this Danube Limes which is very different from the indi- project with the aim to support the vidual Roman frontier sections in the innovative and sustainable Europe- United Kingdom and Germany al- an initiative as well as to find long- ready inscribed as World Heritage term solutions relating to the pro- Sites. But we strongly believe it is tection of the archaeological re- worth all our efforts to safeguard an sources, to preserve and protect important part of our common herit- the still existing monuments and age throughout Europe for the next sites and to develop better man- generations. agement structure and presenta- We would like to dedicate this tion principles. publication to the people of the Dan- Nominating not only a few sites ube region living in this vast area, for World Heritage status but a com- facing major social, cultural and eco- plex system of frontier installations, nomic challenges in their survival in altogether a line of 420 kilometres a changing environment. with more than 200 individual sites in Hungary and Slovakia to consider, Key words: Danube Limes, world herit- is a very ambitious task. And even age, thematic route

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 95 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE EMPIRE AS A HERITAGE (TURKEY – THEN, NOW AND …)

Atanas Dermendzhiev, Plamen Parashkevov, Martin Doykov Department of Geography, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria [email protected]

The time continuum of our exist- From this point of view, the polem- ence and development – past, pres- ics provoked by the contemporary ent and future, reminds us that we Turkish foreign policy is not surprising. cannot understand contemporaneity The desire of the country to transform without knowing the event frame- itself into an independent geopolitical work of human history. The ideas, center with its own interests, behavior concepts, images, aspirations, ambi- and influence in international relation tions, formed in it, are those spiritual is accepted with worry by the coun- elements, which pass through the tries in the Black Sea Region. The ide- time benchmarks of human existence ological rhetoric used for argumenta- and give to their differentiation great tion of its foreign-political behavior is amount of conventionality. This ap- considered by the neighboring coun- plies to the Balkans in full extent, tries rather an undisguised ambition where the past is still part of the pres- for domination within the borders of ent. Placed in the conditions of con- the former Ottoman Empire, based on stantly changing socio-economic and the Muslim and Turkish communities, cultural models, hindering their own than an intention for development of development, the peoples from this mutually advantageous regional coop- part of the world are forced to turn to eration. Reality that puts a number of history as an instrument for strength- essential questions. What are the geo- ening of their national identity. The political parameters of the Turkish for- problem is that very often the recon- eign policy? Which are its instruments? struction of the historical process is What cultural iconography shares the burdened with ideologemes, behind Turkish community? In our opinion the which can be noticed concrete for- answers to these and other questions eign-political ambitions and objec- will allow the finding of a starting point tives, extending far beyond the na- for understanding of the contempo- tionally-sacred. Thus for the Balkans rary politico-geographical processes in the exposition of the past-present the Caspian-Black Sea Region and the relation is connected mainly with the role of Turkey in them. generation of conflict potential, and not with the search for constructive Key words: Turkey, foreign policy, welding for the future. Neo-Ottomanism

96 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria BEHAVIOURAL GEOGRAPHY OR BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH – CURRENT CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS

Dessislava Poleganova Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

It is accepted that behavioural The main aim of paper is to ana- geography begins its development in lyze and point out the main problems the second half of XX century so it is which this geographical sub-branch considered as an “old” sub-branch of is facing in Bulgaria: geography science. But even nowa- As behavioural geography in Bul- days we still lack consensus in differ- garia is developed since 1990, the ent geography schools if it is a Bulgarian geography community well-determined science or only a should critically consider and evalu- very useful approach. ate the achievements of other scien- Behavioural geography has a tific schools and elaborate its own great theoretical and applied poten- understanding of scientific essence tial in tackling the “key” problems of and significance of this sub-branch. contemporary human-nature inter- It is important to search for the action using concepts like cognitive possibilities which this geography mapping (e.g. of world) and place sub-branch offers to Bulgarian geog- attachment (e.g. of home town or raphy and its influence to the other region) and defining the main - fac important and well-developed fields tors which influence the spatial per- like cultural geography, economic ception and behavior when investi- geography, GIS and cartography, ur- gating environmental, urban, politi- ban studies and geography didac- cal and economic issues putting tics. stress on microscale level and indi- viduals (on contrary to other geogra- Key words: behavioural geography, phy disciplines). cognitive mapping, spatial behaviour

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 97 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria VII Session POPULATION TRENDS, HUMAN MOBILITY AND EMIGRATION

DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF THE LOWER DANUBE AREA IN SERBIA

Aleksandra Gajić, Nikola Krunić Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

River Danube represents one of search is based on the analysis of the main axis for spatial develop- relevant demographic, spatial, and ment and functional networking of socio-economic indicators with the settlements in Europe, both at the aim to identify and critically exam- national and international level. ine the role and importance of the However, despite the central posi- Danube development axis in link- tion of Serbia in Danube area in ing and integration of urban centers Europe and potentials for integra- with their surroundings. Results of tion of the territory in this area, the research presented in this pa- these advantagesare notyet val- per may be significant for further orised appropriately in spatial de- spatial development of Danube velopment of the territory. This pa- area in Serbia. In that context per examines the emergence and some recommendation and con- development of urban and rural ceptual frameworks are suggested. areas within the Lower Dan- ube area in contemporary network Key words: Lower Danube area, urban of settlements in Serbia. This re- and rural areas, Serbia

98 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria VILLAGES ON THE EDGE OF EXTINCTION – THE HUNGARIAN SITUATION

Péter Bajmócy, Zsófia Makra Department of Economic and Human Geography, University of Szeged, Hungary [email protected] [email protected]

In the last decades the villages are dynamic now. had disadvantageous situation in In the research we deal with the Hungary. Because of the lack of population trends of the smallest working places and the bad infra- settlements of Hungary. We com- structure facilities strong out migra- pare the villages on the edge of ex- tion started from the villages after tinction (less than 25 inhabitants) 1945. This migration was selective, with the small ones (under 250 per- manly the young and well-educated sons). We focus on those villages, persons moved out. The population where there was a population change of the small villages became older, turnaround in the last two decades. so because of the natural decrease, We made clusters of the small villag- the out migration and the bad condi- es (652 in Hungary) by their population of services some villages be- tion change trends in the last centu- came at the edge of extinction. After ry and we can show the clusters by 1990 the situation changed, a strong some case studies. Although the differentiation process started in small villages are in really bad situa- Hungary. The situation of the villag- tion now in Hungary, there are some es on the rural peripheries remained really dynamic ones among them. as bad as before, but some villages We focus on the reasons of the new are now in good position. It depends population change trends. on the geographical location, the small villages near the western bor- Key words: small villages, Hungary, der of Hungary, near the main tour- population trends, village extinction, pe- istic attractions and the large towns ripheries

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 99 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE AND DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF THE POPULATION IN VIDIN DISTRICT IN RELATION TO THE EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Boris Kazakov National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria [email protected]

The paper focuses on one of the needs, remoteness of schools important social aspects of the pop- (i.e. the so-called “protected” and ulation – its educational structure “central “schools), and schools prone (shares of population with different to near future closure and overall educational level according to the evaluation of the school network. In last census data – 1. Feb. 2011). In addition, some relevant socio-demo- order to reveal the most significant graphic issues such as “relatively characteristics of the population in high demographic potential – rela- terms of current number of students, tively low educational levels” are an assessment of the demographic also discussed in the paper. potential of the district’s population has been made. This aims to assess Key words: educational structure of and analyze the current educational the population; demographic potential; infrastructure of the studied area re- school network; socio-demographic garding its relevance to the current problems

100 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria DEPOPULATION IN RURAL AREAS OF DOBRUDZA REGION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SCHOOL NETWORK

Milen Penerliev, Leyla Shefka, Veselin Petkov, Gergana Hristova Department Geography, University of Shumen “Konstantin Preslavski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

Approximately 1.9 million resi- Depopulation is a serious demo- dents live in Bulgarian villages today. graphic problem. This process gives In the early 2015 of all 5264 towns negative trends in rural areas. Closed and villages in Bulgaria the number schools and students decreased in of towns is just 257. Villages pre- others. These processes in the Do- dominate. A sufficient part of the brogea area are strongly negative. population of the state spends its This article examines these process- lives in them and in their adjacent es in analytical and spatial order. Use territories so that it should be thor- the most current statistics data. oughly researched and analyzed – In demographic collapse, where the population itself with its demo- each generation is smaller, hardly graphic characteristics, as well as the trend of students reduction in the rural areas with their features high school can be explained only by and distinctive aspects. demographic reasons. In the munic- For the objective of this paper ipality of Shabla there is no high the rural areas of the municipalities school already! In the municipality of Silistra and Dobrich are selected. Silistra, which has the most densely Each one of them has its distinc- educational infrastructure, the de- tions from the others (sea outlet, crease was 2 times. Obviously, this is river outlet or inland territory). a huge, both qualitative and quanti- Thus conceivably the differences of tative problem for schools. the examined indicators could be determined in view of their geo- Key words: Dobrudza, depopulation, graphic location. school network

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 101 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ETHNIC DIVERSITY LINKED TO DWELLING QUALITY ALONG THE ROMANIAN DANUBE VALLEY

Bianca Mitrică, Irena Mocanu, Mihaela Persu, Nicoleta Damian, Săgeată Radu, Daniela Nancu Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Romania [email protected]

A characteristic feature of the Ro- of three types of statistical indica- manian Danube Valley is the ethnic, tors: dwelling stock (% of finished lingvistic and cultural diversity devel- dwellings, % of finished dwellings oped in the course of time. This di- per total number of dwelling-hous- versitz shows in the wide range of es), dwelling development indica- the mobile and imobile heritage and tors (living floor/m2 dwelling, living the production of some creative floor m2/inhabitant, density of models spread out throughout the dwellings) and comfort indicators danube Basin. In 2011, the 266 local (access to drinking water, sewer- administrative units (LAU2) in the age, electricity, etc.). Differences in Romanian Danube Valley numbered the quality of dwellings in the Ro- 238 communes, 28 municipia and manian Danube Valley are ex- towns and a population of 1.7 million pressed by the Dwelling Quality In- inhabitants (2011). The highest per- dex (DQI). The study valorises the centage goes to the Romanian pop- data-base for LAU 2 level, that is, ulation (87.9%), followed by the the results of the Population and Rroma (3.8%), the Turks (0.2%), Housing Census (October, 2011) the Russian-Lippovans (0.6%), the and of TEMPO Online, both da- Serbs (0.3%), the Ukrainians and ta-sources being published by the the Czechs (0.1% each). National Institute of Statistics. The present paper approaches The results show a high degree of the complex issues of ethnic diversi- ethnic diversity and of the dwelling ty and dwelling quality in the Roma- quality, especially in the Danube nian Danube Valley communities Gorge, Danube Delta and in some highlighting the territorial dispari- big towns (Tulcea, Brăila, and Drobe- ties at the LAU2 level. Ethnic diver- ta-Turnu Severin). sity is assessed by the degree of population other than Romanian Key-words: Romanian Danube Valley, per the total population. Swelling ethnic diversity, dwelling quality, territo- quality is based on the assessment rial disparities

102 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CONSIDERATIONS ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF POPULATION FROM BOTOSANI COUNTY IN MADRID CITY (SPAIN)

Petru Bunduc, Tatiana Bunduc, Vadim Cujbă Institute of Ecology and Geography, Academy of Science of Moldova, Moldova [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

The purpose of this article is to riage is reduced, resulting a slight analyze international migration char- population decline. However, we can acteristics of the population in Boto- mention that, had it not intervened sani who emigrated to the city of this international migration of in- Madrid, after 1990. International mi- credible magnitude, the Botosani gration from Botosani has produced county would be faced with an obvi- a demographic transformation of the ous economic and social crisis. entire county level. Today is observed a beginning aging population Key words: international migration, in the eastern part of the county. In temporary migration, Madrid city, labor recent years, the birth rate and mar- force, Botosani county

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 103 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria INCIDENCE OF EXTRAMARITAL BIRTHS IN BORSKA AREA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY

Radmila Veljović Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

Borska area is situated in the syncrasy of the population. The time most eastern part of Serbia, encom- frame used in the paper includes the passing the broad border area be- period of the last 20 years, a period tween Serbia and Romania and Ser- so vibrant and specific in many re- bia and Bulgaria. It occupies the ter- spects, regarding profound and ex- ritories of four municipalities, Bor, tensive shifts on the political and so- Majdanpek, Kladovo and Negotin. cio economic level. In order to es- This paper is focusing on particular tablish the dynamics of extramarital features in the natural dynamics of births, within its distinct traits, in population, with special regards to each of the four municipalities, as extramarital births, a phenomena well as the area itself, along with the well known in these parts for more main features of complex develop- than a century. Borska area, as well mental processes, through which is as the most of Eastern Serbia is a their occurrence insured, there has very unique and diverse space, with been used a set of statistical data, an abundance of geographic, strate- based on the documented charts gic and social peculiarities, deeply provided by the Demography unit of rooted in the characteristic iconogra- the Statistical Office of the Republic phy of the area that engages various of Serbia. traditional and ethno cultural settings and beliefs, that still prevail in Key words: Borska area, municipalities, some aspects of socio cultural idio- extramarital births

104 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SERBIA IN A MOBILE WORLD: REFRAMING THE MIGRATION QUESTION

Vesna Lukić Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

The global migration trend has importance of the migration phe- large impact on societies of sending nomenon and the potential of inte- and receiving countries. Growing gration of migration in different de- proliferation of forms of migration velopment programs of the country. (circular, mixed migration flows etc.) Research is based on the qualitative in the interplay of different drivers findings of the focus group -discus lead to methodological challenges in sion on the impact of migration on research. Furthermore, it calls for a the Serbian labour market as well as raise of policymakers’ awareness of foresight exercise that involved implications that migration might three types of stakeholders: deci- have for society in the coming dec- sion-makers, experts, and civil soci- ades in order to develop and imple- ety representatives. The events ment policies and strategies to pre- were organized within SEEMIG pro- pare for the future. ject on the longer term migratory Migration patterns in Serbia have and demographic processes of the changed from strictly controlled em- SEE area and their effects on nation- igration after the World War II al/regional economies, that included within former SFRY and temporary partners from Serbia, Bulgaria, Hun- guestworker programme to liberal gary, Romania, Austria, Slovakia, emigration. Nevertheless, Serbia Slovenia and Italy. Findings points has never had a complex migration to that most of the participants of policy as an independent country or the events are not aware of immi- as a part of former SFRY. The paper gration potential. examines is there enough awareness in the political, economic, aca- Key words: migration, migration policy, demic or general public about the South-East Europe, Serbia

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 105 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria VIII Session SUSTAINABLE TOURISM POLICY, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

THE IMPLICATIONS OF URBAN REGENERATION IN TOURISM. CRAIOVA CITY AS A CASE STUDY

Amalia Bădiță1, Liliana Popescu1 1Geography Department, University of Craiova, Romania [email protected]

Urban tourism has developed in re- process within the urban design and cent years, being in full expansion due tourism development framework, as- to the world-wide urbanisation and in- sessing the city morphology, the deg- ternationalisation of tourism services. radation process of the urban spaces, The new economy implies also invest- the relation between the cultural herit- ments in urban regeneration in order age and tourism, and the impact on to bring benefits and to improve the the economic level and on the resi- quality of life in the cities. The revitali- dents’ life and activities. zation of urban space influences the Craiova, a former industrial city, urban environment and society and it has an important number of heritage is made only through coherent poli- buildings and unused industrial spaces cies. which can represent a potential for Previous studies showed the im- tourism development. The current re- pact of the revitalization of places generation process focuses mainly on through urban regeneration on emo- the promotion of commercial facilities tion, loyalty, satisfaction and support and on the attempt to attract young which led to tourist satisfaction and professionals, tourists and students to loyalty and further tourism develop- the city. Craiova tries to discover in this ment. But the regeneration has also way a new identity and to strengthen negative effects such as gentrification, its role in the economic and social sys- lack of the local community involve- tem of Romania. ment and loss of the sense of place. Thus the future direction of city de- This study provides a critical and velopment involves an integrative ap- analytical approach of how urban proach of a proper urban revitalization places are transformed into identity and tourism development. and economic resources and into places of consumption for tourism purpos- Key words: urban regeneration, urban es. Thus, the paper aims at analyzing revitalization, cultural heritage, urban the implications of this regeneration tourism, Craiova

106 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE REGION OF THE DANUBE THROUGH SERBIA, WITH A FOCUS ON TOURISM

Selim Sacirovic1, Andjelina Maric1, Redzep Skrijelj2 1 Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Nis, Serbia 2 State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia [email protected]

The paper starts by reference to competitors. The influence of local the importance of the corridor VII communities in tourism develop- for tourism development in the field ment of the area, width and depth of spatial planning and sectoral of product range, attractive factors planning for tourism development. and the role of marketing in tourism Based on the identified tourism redevelopment affect the overall pic- sources, attractiveness of the Dan- ture of the past development. The ube and its coastal belt, it can be paper suggests that priority should concluded that it is an area of great be to have the improvement of tourist importance and value not presentation and interpretation of only for Serbia, but for the whole of the development of tourism re- Europe. If we accept the fact that sources for visitors to experience the potential attractiveness of tour- and the realization of its potential ism resources and facilities for tour- level of their attractiveness, acces- ists is still not achieved, it is clear sibility and development activities that the prioritization of activation on the Danube, but all under the and implementation of sustainable protection of the environment. development of tourism on the Dan- ube through Serbia necessary step. Key words: Corridor VII, the attractive- Indeed, the paper points to the im- ness of tourist resources, differentiation portance and possibilities of devel- of areas for tourism development, Crite- opment of nautical tourism Danube ria for determining priorities for the de- sector in our country in order to velopment of tourism, institutional and achieve long-term advantage over organizational arrangements

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 107 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria EVALUATION OF CHANGE IN TOURISM CLIMATE POTENTIAL IN HUNGARY

Attila Kovács, János Unger Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Hungary [email protected]

Understanding of how climate ment patterns of Hungarian resi- change affects tourism industry dents. In the work, we provide some and assessment of tourists and insight into the characteristics of cli- how they respond to that remains mate potential through present limited. Effectiveness of climate measured data for some popular adaptation due to climate change tourist destinations located in Eu- and adaptive capacity of tourists rope as well asbased on present ob- remain largely in adequate and un- servational data and projected re- explored, as well. By identifying gional climate model outputs for the the quantitative impacts of climatic area of Hungary. conditions and climate change on The results indicate that the most tourism, development of objective pleasant climatic conditions for out- strategy building, decision-making door tourism purposes occur in processes, and planning for climate spring and autumn while conditions change adaptation can be facilitat- are less favourable in summer. Tour- ed. Our work aims at assessing the ism climate conditions will likely to exposure of tourism sector to cli- improve in the shoulder months; mate change basedon a tourism however, deterioration will be proba- climatic indicator. ble in summer, with still remaining at The tourism climatic potential least acceptable conditions fortour- and its future change are quantified ism purposes. with a modified form of the widely The outcomes are established in accepted Tourism Climatic Index. the datasets of the National Adapta- This quantity evaluates the suitabili- tion Geo-information System devel- ty of a particular climate for general oped in Hungary and are available light outdoor tourism activities. The publicly for users from May, 2016. index was adjusted to the Hungarian climatic conditions expressing the Key words: tourism, climate potential, seasonal subjective thermal assess- climate change, Tourism Climatic Index

108 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND PROTECTION OF THE DANUBE CORRIDOR – RELATIVIZING THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Jelena Basaric, Jasmina Djurdjevic, Sasa Milijic Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial planning of Serbia, Serbia [email protected], [email protected]

The sustainable spatial develop- jects of cultural heritage, their his- ment of the Danube corridor must torical and cultural connections, and be integral and directed towards the natural values of that area, the harmonizing the impacts of different part of the Danube corridor passing and special purposes of the area, i.e. through the territory of Serbia repre- harmonizing the conflicted interests. sents a starting point for the preser- The special purpose area spatial plan vation of this waterway’s identity created for this part of the Danube and its surroundings. The protected corridor envisages the development, areas, which are the part of the regulation and protection of the river „ecological and historical zone“ of Danube as a waterway, before all, the Danube, are singled out as high- but also as an aquatic, ecological, ly valuable and unique tourist zones. cultural and tourist corridor. The The paper offers general guidelines need for an integrated development for overcoming the limitations for of the Danube corridor in terms of its development, especially those seen infrastructure, economy, tourism, from the point of rational planning and culture is seen as the country’s and usage of the Danube corridor, priority. The Republic of Serbia also the development of tourism and the insists on other forms of integration preservation of ecologically endan- of the corridor in both European and gered habitats, cultural heritage and local development trends, bearing in landscapes. Basic conflicting impacts mind significant regional disparities of the Danube corridor and the devel- along the corridor. Another priority opment of tourism on the renewable of the planning and regulation of this usage of natural and man-made re- waterway is integrated regional and sources, together with the principles local development of the riversides for their resolution, are shown here communities, with an adequate sys- on the example of the part of the tem for managing the environmental Danube that flows through Serbia. protection and development, as well as with regional and cross-border Key words: sustainable development, cooperation projects. Because of tourism, protection, the Danube, relativ- high concentration of protected ob- ization

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 109 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria RAMSAR SITES IN VOJVODINA AS DESTINATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM – PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

Marija Belij, Jelena Belij, Snežana Đurđić, Sanja Stojković, Marina Ilinčić Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

Since the expansive and uncon- Ramsar sites of Vojvodina is in the trolled development of tourism last initial stage of development (except few decades has caused the emer- Zasavica, Obedska bara and Stari gence of many unwanted environ- Begej-Carska bara, which have al- mental, social and cultural conse- ready built tourism image) it is clear quences, this has led to the fact that that it can access the proper plan- the development of tourism must be ning and development of these are- placed under the wing of sustainable as, and from the same place create development, which is the only way destinations of sustainable tourism. to reduce environmental degrada- The construction of adequate infra- tion, as a basis for tourism develop- structure and superstructure, which ment, and preservation of tourist would be integrated into the natural attraction for future generations. environment, good marketing and Planning and development of tour- responsible management of these ism, especially in the case of sensi- areas, one could talk about sustaina- tive natural resources that are repre- ble tourism, and the Ramsar sites of sented in the Ramsar sites, must be Vojvodina as a sustainable tourism based on the principles of sustaina- destinations. bility, in order to prevent degradation and enhance their conservation. Key words: Ramsar sites, Vojvodina, Bearing in mind that tourism in the sustainable tourism

110 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria TOURISM IN THE AREA OF SPECIAL NATURE RESERVE “DELIBLATSKA PEŠČARA” (SERBIA)

Jovana Brankov, Tamara Jojić Glavonjić, Milan Milenković, Željko Bjeljac Geographical institute “Jovan Cvijić”, SASA, Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

The largest European continental ism development, as a form of re- sands have been under protection sponsible tourism friendly to nature, from the 1977. The main value of which employs local people and im- this internationally multiply protect- proves their quality of life. A group ed area are mosaic deployed sandy, of indicators, defined by the World steppe and forest ecosystems, with Tourism Organization, has been ana- accompanying richness of biodiversi- lyzed, and the basic characteristics ty, which in addition to distinctive of eco destinations have been set. dune relief make this area a valuable The vulnerability of area from natu- scientific polygon. These ecosystems ral disasters has also been studied, are also important as natural tourist specifically the issue of forest fires, values that could be used, together as one of the major problems for the with present cultural values, for or- future organization of tourism and ganisation of various forms of tour- nature conservation. ism. Because of the protected area’s nature, main emphasis in this paper Key words: ecotourism, nature conser- is laid on the importance of ecotour- vation, forest fires, Deliblatska peščara

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 111 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria RURAL TOURISM AND AGRITOURISM: AS DRIVER OF THE SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE LOWER DANUBE BASIN AREAS. PROPOSAL FOR CROSS- BORDER COOPERATION STRATEGY

Adriano Ciani1, Mihály Lászlo Vörös2 1 Perugia University, Italy, [email protected] 2 Edutus College, Hungary, [email protected]

The agro-tourism and rural tour- the reality the paper will present ex- ism joitly with the local food and ru- amples and case studies from Italy ral gastronomy can be considered and Hungary referring also research the potential main driving forces in results from joint international S&T developing multifuncionality of agri- projects. It will also comprise a pro- culture and parallely improving sus- posal for an international cross bor- tainabilty of rura lareas. Following der strategy concerning the Lower this approach, itispossible to elabo- Danube Basin Areas based on an ap- rate and discuss a cross-border sus- proach of Smart Communities and tainable rural development strategy Smart Land and the Instrument in to be implemented in the Lower scope of CLLD (Community Led Local Danube Basin Areas. This strategy is Development) of EU2020 strategy. harmonizeded with the roadmap The paper can contribute to gen- represented by the Sustainable De- erate new knowledge on prerequi- velopment Goals 2015–2030 (Trans- sites and conditions for developing forming our world: the 2030 Agenda entrepreneurial capacities of agricul- for SD), the Paris Agreement of the ture and tourist sector as well in or- COP21 – UNFCCC, the Europe 2020, der to increase the level of utilization the CAP 2014-2020 as well as the of natural resources in this relevant Agenda of the Circular Economy pro- cross-border region. It helps to im- posed in 2015 by the EU. prove cooperation between partners In this paper the authors will pro- in Lower Danube Basin Areas. The vide well-understanding of the con- proposed strategy can be utilized for tents of agro-tourism and rural tour- initiating and establishing joint pro- ism with highlighting the new para- jects and improve cross-border co- digms for the 21th Century. The pa- operation. per will analyse the state of art, the structure, the major actors as well as Key words: Rural Tourism, Agritourism, processes and synergy of local food Rural Development, Local Food Chain, chains and tourism. To demonstrate New Paradigms of Development

112 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria BULGARIAN LEGISLATION ON TOURISM COMPLAINTS – GUIDELINES FOR UPDATE

Desislava Hineva University of Economics, Varna, Bulgaria [email protected]

Effective complaint handling in the part relating to the protection of tourism has a positive impact in the consumer rights. These changes are form of building customer loyalty necessary due to the detection of and generating financial benefits for some discrepancies in Bulgarian leg- tourism business. On the other hand, islation which are to the detriment of tourist complaints might be a major travelers as well. source of information for regulatory The purpose of this paper is to authorities about the state of tour- emphasize the need for change in ism and the key areas that need to the current legal framework in tour- be improved. The regular collection ism. This will be achieved by tracking and analysis of the information about the complaint handling procedures; the registered complaints is a useful revealing some restrictions affecting practice for identifying problems and essentially consumer rights; review- possible solutions in terms of imple- ing the forthcoming harmonisation mentation of tourism legislation. with the newly- approved changes in Complaint management in tourism the European tourism legislation and business presumably has to be con- outlining some key principles which sistent with the legal framework in might serve as a base for a more ef- Bulgaria, and respectively in the Eu- fective complaint handling legal pro- ropean Union. cedure. The changing environment in which tourism business has to oper- Key words: tourism legislation, restric- ate determines the need for update tions, update, complaint handling, key of tourism legislation, especially in principles

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 113 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN TRANSPORT IN SOFIA

Kaloyan Tsvetkov Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

For the development of the port within the municipality are the economy of any city it is extremely following: The project for construc- important the improvement of its tion of Sofia 3-re Metrodiameter, transport system and transport in- The project for integrated urban frastructure. The latter serves as a transport, The renovation and con- kind of “circulatory system” of all struction of the Sofia ring road, big urban systems. According to The project for reconstruction and National Statistical Institute in expansion of key boulevards and 2015 Sofia had a population of 1,26 others. They all seek to ease traf- million residents, while transport fic, to reduce travel time, the di- infrastructure was planned for two minish emissions of pollutants and times less inhabitants. In addition, noise, to create an attractive, more the city has over 500 thousand ve- comfortable and more environmen- hicles, which creates a number of tally friendly public transport for problems faced by all public au- residents and visitors. thorities of Sofia Municipality. This The purpose of this article is to major problem requires an inte- reveal the recent problems and trends grated approach to adaptation and in the development of public trans- optimization of transport infra- port in Sofia and suggest ideas for structure, particularly public trans- more efficient and sustainable urban port in the context of ever-increas- transport in the Bulgarian capital. ing population. Some of the most important projects for the reorgan- Key words: transport, infrastructure, ization and improvement of trans- problems, perspectives, transformations

114 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CYCLING TOURISM ROUTES AS INSTRUMENT FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRANS-NATIONAL COOPERATION WITHIN THE LOWER BASIN OF THE DANUBE

Kiril Kaloyanov Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

Cycling tourism is gaining atten- stakeholders. As a result a number tion as a form of sustainble tourism of cross-border and transnational offering the opportunity to travel projects have been implemented long-distances with minimum carbon with the financial support of EU impact on the environment. Cycling funds. The current paper aims at routes connect different regions and providing of overview on projects may extend from local to trans-na- that address long-distance cycling tional scale covering vast territories routes development within the Low- and unifying them under various er Basin of the Danube. A study on themes. Danube cycling route is part identified project’s objectives and re- of the trans-European network of cy- sults is used to define the current cling routes (EuroVelo) and within status and future opportunities for the Upper basin of the Danube is a cooperation between stakeholders successful tourism product. involved in cycling tourism develop- Being identified by the European ment. Union cycling tourism development is a newly introduced priority with a Key words: sustainable mobility, cy- strong potential for generating trans- cling tourism, regional development, national relations between different trans-national cooperation

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 115 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE RIVER AS A SUSTAINABLE ATTRACTION WITHIN THE OFFERING OF RIVERSIDE HOTELS LOCATED IN CITIES OF THE DANUBE’S LOWER BASIN

Ákos Kátay Kodolányi János University of Applied Sciences, Budapest, Hungary [email protected]

Suitability for spending leisure in the room price, meaning that riv- time in a pleasant manner is one of erside hotels are more expensive the lodging selection criteria even in than their inland competitors. cases when one travels in an official This paper examines whether the capacity. This is even more true for same results can be found in the selecting the temporary home for case of riverside hotels established leisure travels. In accordance with in Danube-side cities in the river’s „edge effect”, forests and areas next lower basin. The hypothesis of the to bodies of water are the most suit- research is that riverside hotels in abe for recreational purposes. The the Lower Basin of the Danube are attractiveness of the river and river- not chain hotels but independent side is heightened by the visual ap- ones. On the other hand, in the case peal of bridges and waterborne traf- of size efficiency and pricing it is ex- fic. From the aspects that comprise pected to find the same result as hotel offerings, location is the most with hotels in Danube-side capitals. vital since it alone is the one that can The research includes hotels not be changed during operation. where the view of the Danube is not Important factors besides location fully obstructed by continuous devel- are traffic connections and the oped area. range, quality and price of offered The secunder method of gather- services. ing the necessary information need- The results of the research pre- ed for relevant answers related to sented on the Third Romanian-Bul- the the hypotheses is the overview garian-Hungarian-Serbian Confer- of vocational literature pertaining to ence in 2014 revealed the following: the development and operation of the riverside hotels in Dan- international hotel industry. The pri- ube-side capitals are generally mem- mary methods are the definition of bers of hotel chains. relevant hotels, surveying them elec- in hotels built on the riverside, tronically and via phone as well as size-efficient corridor layout design content analysis of their websites. was a more important factor than the view offered by the rooms. Key words: Danube, hotel, attraction, the value of the location appeared location, view

116 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE STRUCTURE OF AGRI-TOURISTIC MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES ALONG THE DANUBE BETWEEN OSTROV AND TOPALU, ROMANIA

Marius Popescu, Romulus Gruia Faculty of Food and Tourism, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania [email protected]

This study aims to define the and cultural heritage resources. All agri-touristic specific of the Romani- these can support capitalization of an sector of the Danube in Southern touristic potential in various forms: Dobrogea, between Ostrov and To- wine tourism, api-tourism, fishery palu villages, and to integrate the tourism, gastronomy tourism, leisure existing resources in touristic routes, tourism, eco-tourism, religious tour- in order to assure sustainable devel- ism, cultural tourism. By associating opment of rural communities from local socio-economic factors with this area. Research methodology natural resources and cultural herit- consisted in bibliographic documen- age opportunities, the study propos- tation, field research to discover vil- es an agri-touristic model. This is lages with diverse natural and cul- based on the principles of sustaina- tural heritage and to identify capital- ble development and is materialized izing opportunities for those in tour- in a series of touristic routes along ism, touristic resources mapping and the Danube. The routes are directed identification of agri-touristic pro- to agriculture and fishery and com- grams along the Danube between plementary with elements of trans- Ostrov and Topalu villages. Being a port infrastructure or tourism indus- less developed area of South-West- try, as aspects of socio-economic in- ern Dobrogea, the study seeks the tegration of this Danubian area. elements of sustainable development, relying on environmental fac- Key words: agri-tourism, Danube, tors, diverse agricultural potential route, rural, sustainable

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 117 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SUSTAINABLE TOURISM POLICY, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT IN VIEW OF THE DANUBE STRATEGY

Mirela Mazilu, Sabina Gheorgheci Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Romania University of Craiova, Romania [email protected] [email protected]

The Romanian society is under- mobilising the political factors, coor- going a changing process where all dinating the decision levels, and, last the economic, social, political, civic but not least, encouraging the civic elements have known a new dynam- involvement. The regional develop- ics while trying to adapt to the cur- ment, thus, depends directly on rent conditions. these factors, so does tourism. During this transformation we The European Union Strategy for cannot ignore the public administra- the Danube Region (EUSDR) is a tion system from our country, the community tool for macro-territorial other institutions that contribute to cooperation, involving 14 EU states the development of Romania. and Danube states. The need to introduce a manage- We should not ignore the eco- rial dimension, the professionalism nomic and financial aspect of the in this field is justified by the desire Danube Strategy implementation. of our country to harmonize the Eu- European money is made available ropean standards for the sustainable for the development of the South- integration into the EU. West Oltenia Region, and Danube Starting from the premise that an Bend destination, especially for in- integration of the regions is more ef- frastructure improvement and tour- ficient and more realist than the in- ism development. tegration at a national level, Roma- nia must revaluate this opportunity, Key words: tourism, planning, strate- adapting the institutional abilities, gies, policy, sustainable, destination

118 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria THE EUROGITES STANDARDS’ ROLE IN EVALUATION OF AGRITOURIST SERVICES – THE CASE OF SERBIA

Marko D. Petrović1, Aleksandra Terzić1, Ana Jovičić2, Aleksandra Vujko3, Jovana Brankov1 1 Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA), Belgrade, Serbia [email protected], 2 Modern Business School, Belgrade, Serbia, 3 Novi Sad Business School, Novi Sad, Serbia

The paper presents conceptual Vojvodina Province (Northern Ser- terms of agritourism through con- bia) by using EuroGites methodo- nection with the criteria of quality of logical instrument. The main hy- services. Based on best practices pothesis of the paper was based on and experiences from the European the estimation that quality of agri- countries, the European Federation tourism in Vojvodina Province is of Rural Tourism (EuroGites) has es- measurable by comparing the fulfill- tablished common quality assessment of the EuroGites criteria in the ment standards for accommodation domestic and international level. units in rural areas. Criteria of es- The results showed that the three tablished standards are grouped in sub-hypotheses are confirmed, and five clusters: equipment, surround- two of them are disproved. The re- ings, services at the accommoda- search findings represent a useful tion and its surroundings, non-ma- tool for obtaining information about terial aspects and security. The aim many aspects of quality in agritour- of the paper is to analyses compar- ism and, with slight modifications, it ison between the minimal condi- can be used in various areas of tions for international and domestic quality research. markets, through the assessment of the agritourism quality segments. Key words: agritourism, EuroGites, cri- The research has been conducted in teria clusters, quality segments, Vojvodi- the selected village settlements in na Province (Noerthern Serbia)

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 119 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria A HOLISTIC APPROACH OF AGRITOURISM DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

Marko D. Petrović1, Aleksandra Vujko2, Darko Vuković1, Dunja Demirović3, Snježana Gagić4 1 Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Belgrade, Serbia [email protected] 2 Novi Sad Business School, Novi Sad, Serbia 3 Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia 4 College of Professional Studies in Management and Business Communication, Sremski Karlovci, Serbia

A paper deals with conceptual Every field of knowledge can also guidelines, basic aspects and spatial be an aspect of agritourism, which frameworks of agritourism develop- necessarily includes: organization, ment. The holistic approach, in this management, marketing and other regard, includes the connections economic aspects. Together with with integrated and comprehensive these, the paper emphasizes prod- aspects of tourists’ stay in a country ucts and services in agritourism and side. The authors defined the im- gives an insight into the facilities pact of agritourism on rural sur- and opportunities, which are of- roundings and analyzed the influ- fered to tourists in rural areas. The ence of spending leisure time out- research findings represent a useful side urban areas, through the co`n- tool for obtaining information about suming of agritourism activities. many elements of agritourism de- The understanding of overall com- velopment and it can be very useful ponents of the phenomenon of agri- tool whether regarded as a travel tourism is essential for future plan- industry research or an academic ning, management and making field of investigation. business decisions and strategies. For successful business in agritour- Key words: agritourism, comprehen- ism it is necessary to have knowl- sive frameworks, products and services, edge in numerous economic fields. tourism impact

120 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria COMPETITIVENESS OF TOURISM DESTINATIONS. OLTENIA (ROMANIA) AS CASE STUDY

Liliana Popescu, Amalia Badita, Costela Iordache, Cristina Sosea University of Craiova, Romania [email protected]

The competitiveness concept is modation and treatment facilities in quite vast, referring both to prod- Baile Olanesti, Calimanesti and Gov- ucts, companies or different eco- ora balenoclimateric centres. nomic activities. The competitive- The paper concludes that in order ness of European tourism is directly to become a competitive tourism linked to sustainability, including destination, the regions should adopt both comparative and competitive a strategy focusing on cultural tour- advantages. The paper analyses the ism (rural, religious and event tour- primary tourist offer, cultural attrac- ism) as well as on health tourism, tions and human resources as well since Oltenia is known for mineral as infrastructure and investments and thermal springs, but emphasiz- into tourism as the main compara- ing the activities for leisure time and tive advantages. Among the com- the wellness tourism. These massive petitive advantages, the manage- investments may help boost tourism ment of tourism companies and na- in Oltenia region as long as there will tional and regional strategies for be a coherent marketing strategy tourism development were given and pervasive and persuading pub- special focus. licity campaigns. The most important investments were made through the Regional Key words: tourism attractions, com- Operational Programme for the up- petitive advantages, tourism develop- grading and enlargement of accom- ment, tourist destination

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 121 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria EDUCATION THROUGH EXCURSIONS IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE CASE OF NATIONAL PARK ĐERDAP

Sara Stanić Jovanović, Milena Cvetković Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

Excursions represent specific as- and diversity of flora and fauna, are pects of tourist movement that are just a part of the tourist attractive related to the traveling of a group of motives that fit excursion tourist people, usually for fun but also for product of the Đerdap National educational purposes, when it Park and thus attract visitors. Apart comes to pupils and students who from developing interest in the pro- are traveling. Creating thematic ex- tection of the environment and ac- cursions in the territory of the na- quiring traveling habits, as well as tional park Đerdap with special em- the introducing adequate ways of phasis on the attractive parts of staying and behaving in the nation- protected area of the national park, al park Đerdap, the participants in among which there are natural and excursions educate themselves indi- anthropogenic tourist potentials, rectly, through this type of trave- contributes to raising the level of ling, about the values of the nation- awareness and knowledge of possi- al park, as well as the importance of bilities of sustainable development specific forms for the sustainable of tourism. The Đerdap Gorge, the development of tourism in the terri- Danube River, Lepenski vir, Golubac, tory of Đerdap. the remains of Trajan’s bridge, Tra- jan’s board (tabula Traiana), the Ro- Key words: excursions, tourism, man limes, the preserved richness Đerdap, sustainable, development

122 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria USING THE EXPERIENCE OF NATURAL PARK SPESSART, GERMANY, FOR THE MARKETING OF GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE AT THE ASPIRING GEOPARK BELOGRADCHISHKI SKALI

Yana Mateeva University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

Natural Park Spessart, Germany publication of an annual programme and the aspiring Bulgarian Geopark with events. There is also a lot to be Belogradchishki skali have a lot in done in the respect of marketing at common regarding their geological the aspiring Geopark such as defining structure, their geography and their its target group, letting it know about regional characteristics. the natural and cultural wonders of Natural Park Spessart is an al- the region and, last but not least, cre- ready established institution with a ating the very infrastructure for tour- wide range of activities including re- ism. There are also a lot of adjust- gional tourism in geologically inter- ments to be made due to the lack of esting places interwined with the interest to tourism from locals. identity of the region itself. As a Although, the German park has young institution, the Geopark Be- its focus on vegetation and the ani- logradchishki skali could take this mal kingdom, it being an old institu- experience and transfer it to the tion with decades of experience tourism landscape in the region of could give a boost of ideas on the Belogradchik, Makresh and Dimovo. management of the aspiring Geopark Some of the best practices the as- Belogradchishki skali. piring Bulgarian Geopark could take from the Natural Park Spessart are Key words: Spessart, Belogradchishki the certification of guides and the skali, geotope, marketing

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 123 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE DISTRICT OF VIDIN – KEY DEVELOPMENT CATEGORIES AND FACTORS

Miglena Klisarova Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria [email protected]

The main objective of this abstract ing tourism services. Includes differ- is to underline the key categories with ent services for providing animations, a significant impact for the sustainable attractions and additional entertain- tourism development within the dis- ment for tourists and has high impor- trict of Vidin. tance for the quality of tourist services The region is characterized by rich and the satisfaction of the tourists of natural and cultural heritage. The dis- their stay. trict has a great potential for the de- Development measures: Providing velopment of different traditional and high quality tourist services and ani- alternative types of tourism: cultural mations with positive effect on the and historical, natural, religious, hik- overall attractiveness of the region. ing, biking tourism, etc. This potential Tourist awareness and knowledge. can be assessed as insufficiently uti- This category reflects the close rela- lized. tionship between the tourism sector The availability of sites and attrac- development and the key category actions of tourist interest is not the only cessible information. prerequisite for the tourism sector de- Development measures: Providing velopment. We can define the follow- quality and current information that ing main categories with regard to the can be helpful to tourists before and possibility for utilization of tourism po- during their stay in the destination. tential of the territory: Key moment in the development Transport accessibility. The trans- measures implementation is reporting port system plays a crucial role in the environmental impacts. implementation the principles of sus- The tourism sector should be con- tainable mobility in tourism. Leading sidered as a system (chain of tourist position occupy the transport opportu- services). Optimal conditions for its nities of tourists „from“, „to“ and development can only be created in „within“ the destination. parallel consideration of the impact of Development measures: Promot- various elements in the system. ing the sustainable means of tourist mobility, including sustainable self-mo- Key words: development measures, bility (bicycle routes, walking). transport accessibility, tourism services, Basic, additional and accompany- tourist awareness, chain services

124 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria IX Session GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

GUIDE TO THE SELF-EVALUATION OF TEACHING ACTIVITIES AND SCHOOL ACTIVITIES AS AN INSTRUMENT OF EDUCATION QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Ljubica Ivanović Bibić, Smiljana Đukičin, Anđelija Ivkov-Džigurski, Aleksandra Dragin, Jelena Milanković, Olja Maričić, Ivan Stojšić Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Tourism and Hotel Management, Novi Sad, Serbia [email protected]

The establishment of evaluation provement. A survey research was quality and of the process of self-eval- conducted in 24 schools in urban are- uation of teaching and school activities as. Results of the research have in Serbia is going through its initial shown that the current guide is an phase, unlike the European countries, instrument of education quality im- where those processes have already provement to a small degree. Geog- passed that phase. Things that are of- raphy teachers are mostly familiar ten used in the process of self-evalua- with the process of self-evaluation, tion are aids, such as various guides but they are rarely a part of the ex- that are results of long-lasting and de- pert team that delas with those prob- tailed studies in which a great number lematics. Self-evaluation of teaching of people participated. The interna- activities is really a measure for the tional practice shows that self-evalua- enhancement of education quality, of tion guides are present in economical- the quality of teaching and geogra- ly developed countries and that their phy teaching according to the geog- existence is more than justified. raphy teachers who participated in The goal of this paper is to deter- the survey. Results of the self-evalua- mine advantages and disadvantages tion of every teacher’s work should of the Guide to the self-evaluation of represent a course in which all identi- teaching activities and school activi- fied ’weak points’ should be analysed ties as an instrument of education separately and solutions for their im- quality improvement, and also to as- provement should be seeked. certain the attitude of geography teachers about the importance of Key words: Self-evaluation, Education, self-evaluation and about the impor- Primary and secondary schools, Geogra- tance of geography teaching im- phy, Serbia

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 125 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria AN OPTION FOR CREATIVE DIDACTICAL MODELING IN TEACHING GEOGRAPHY – CASE-STUDY

Stela Dermendzhieva, Petya Sabeva, Lachezar Yordanov „St. Cyril and St. Methodius“ University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria [email protected]

The contemporary social needs tions; the opportunity to be evalu- (and expectations) towards school ated the suggested objective solu- geography suggest heterogeneity of tion by learners. didactical modeling by which geo- This research proves the validity graphical knowledge is interpreted. of using case-study as a didactical That is the cause this study to tool which gives the opportunity to be channeled towards proving the be formed depth of knowledge in re- didactical benefits of applying one lation to state defined requirements of the most complex variants for towards the education of geography adapting social significant prob- and economics, and learners’ ability lems to the aims of educational and creativity to use case-study in space – the geographical case- different scientific disciplines. study. They are concretized through The suggested theoretical ap- possibilities for illustration of real proved model is connected with the or typical situations from reality for possibility for appliance of geograph- educational goals; skillful presenta- ical approach for solving significant tion of thematic organized informa- problems. The focus is put on per- tion; the objective possibilities for sonal motivated learning and cogni- analysis, conclusions and progno- tive activity of pupils. sis of the described events through usage of concrete geographical Key words: geographical education, facts; provoking of analytical think- pattern, case-study, didactics in geogra- ing and finding multivariant solu- phy, active learning

126 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE “REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND GEOECONOMICS” DEGREE AT THE “ST. CYRIL AND ST. METHODIUS” UNIVERSITY OF VELIKO TARNOVO

Atanas Dermendzhiev, Dimitar Simeonov, Martin Doykov Department of Geography, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria [email protected]

The curriculum of the “Regional The professional competencies Development and Geoeconomics” presume the students to: analyze degree is developed according to the and evaluate the natural resource European and National Qualifications potential, the demographic and Framework, the main normative economic potential of the adminis- base and the methodical standards, trative and territorial units of dif- approved by the structures of the ferent ranks; evaluate the contem- VelikoTarnovo University, authorized porary condition of the settlement with the respective powers. network and the infrastructure on The qualification characteristic national, regional and local level; of the degree determines as basic identify the problems of regional purpose of its educational process policy in Europe, the Balkan Penin- the training of highly qualified spe- sula and Bulgaria, and to formulate cialists in regional development the priorities for their overcoming; and geoeconomics. participate in development and re- The getting of personal compe- alization of strategies, plans and tencies presumes: the mastering of programs for development on na- new knowledge and constant im- tional, district, municipal and set- proving of qualification; the -mak tlement level; work in teams in the ing of particular scientific conclu- process of development of geo- sions in the field of Geography, graphic projects and projects in re- Geoeconomics and Regional devel- gional policy, in the conducting of opment, based on empirical re- field practices and presenting of searches; development of analytic, the results. constructive thinking and critical Fundamental, general theoreti- capability of observation; develop- cal and applied practical prepara- ment of the capability of adminis- tion, which provides integrative trative management of sophisticat- and interdisciplinary knowledge. ed professional activities. The built cause-and-effect rela-

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 127 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria tions between the theoretical and regional focus and help the study- the practical applied disciplines ing and the successful application give the ground for successful un- of different regional policies on lo- derstanding and rationalization of cal level. the geographic image of the world. On this base students can upgrade Key words: education, regional devel- their knowledge on disciplines with opment, Geoeconomics, competencies

128 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria “CUBE JENA” – ABOUT THE PERSPECTIVES IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

Maya Vasileva, Dessislava Poleganova, Lucila Tzankova Faculty of Geology and Geography, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected]

Geography education in Bulgaria Bulgaria will be useful in two main finds itself at a new stage of devel- areas: opment. Although the main priority In didactical and methodological guidelines for problematization, so- aspect the concept can be used as cializing, humanizing and technology basis for the introduction of “key provision of geography education problems” of contemporary society were set in 2000 (in Strategy for ge- in geography curriculum and they ography education), still they are not are the main research object (and entirely put in practice. Considering goal) of geography education in sec- that our educational system is part ondary schools and universities. of European one we could derive ex- The concept proposes the steps perience from it and especially from for planning and implementation of German speaking countries with problem-oriented educational pro- well-developed educational systems. cess in geography training. The main aim of paper is to analyze the concept “Cube Jena” which Key words: key problems, geography implementation and adjustment in education, perspectives

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 129 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria COMPARATIVE SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN SECONDARY EDUCATION

Stella Dermendzhieva, Tamara Draganova St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria [email protected]

One of the characteristic features ates a basis for future education and of contemporary education is its glo- professional life. balization. Up to the present mo- Contemporary social realities ment it is necessary to form a con- form a new perspective towards the ceptual theoretical-constructive value of geographic knowledge and model of geographical education in cognition, the significance of geo- three aspects: consistent, functional graphic erudition as a part of general and technological, as well as to es- knowledge and a style of social be- tablish respective modules that stim- haviour. ulate the creation of an environment New accents and dimensions are for learning. being established which requires The comparative situational anal- profound research and reflection ysis of the education on Geography upon the achievements of geograph- of countries includes the following ical education in our country as well countries – Republic of Albania, Re- as the necessity to form new philos- public of Bosnia and Herzegovina, ophy for its development. Republic of Greece, Former Yugoslav The consistent-structural analysis Republic of Macedonia, Republic of covers only the obligatory training of Romania, Republic of Slovenia, Re- geographical education during upper public of Serbia, Republic of Turkey, secondary level and a comparative Republic of Croatia, Montenegro. Si- characterization of up-to-date curric- multaneously, a parallel comparison ula to the new academic year was to the geographic education was made. made. The comparative analysis covers By preserving the national tradi- the following educational indexes: tion, education is synchronized with place of the discipline Geography of new European standards which re- countries at upper secondary level of quire that at the end of their educa- education, duration of systematic tion young people acquire key com- education in Geography of countries, petences at a level which prepares structure and content, aims of edu- them for the life of adults and cre- cation, total academic hours accord-

130 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria ing to curriculum, scale of the cultur- provement of geographical educa- al-educational field, etc. These edu- tion through foreign experience cational indexes have been classified which would be significant for the and arranged in groups after they theory and practice of the compara- were analyzed. tive geographical education, for The implemented comparative making decisions in the field of edu- analysis of the discipline Geography cation policy of one’s own country. of countries aims at the enrichment of the methodological literature of Key words: curriculum, geography ed- comparative geographical education ucation, Geography of countries, com- as well as at suggestions for im- parative situational analysis

FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE 131 15–17 September 2016, Vidin, Bulgaria FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN CONFERENCE

Geographical Research and Cross-Border Cooperation within the Lower Basin of the Danube

ABSTRACTS of the oral and poster presentations

VIDIN – BULGARIA 15–17 September 2016

Editor in chief: Prof. Nelly Hristova Editors: Prof. Boengiu Sandu Assoc. prof. Slavoljub Dragićević Assoc. prof. Nina Nikolova Peter Bajmocy

Printed by Tip-top press

ISBN 978-954-723-179-5 FOURTH ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN

CONFERENCE CONFERENCE

ABSTRACTS

ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN ROMANIAN-BULGARIAN-HUNGARIAN-SERBIAN of the oral and poster presentations

FOURTH VIDIN – BULGARIA 15–17 September 2016