GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 24, 5, Sofia, Oct. 1994, p. li-4G
Dinoflagellate cysts from the Bathonian - Tithonian (Jurassic) of North Bulgaria. III. Tithonian dinoflagellate cysts Lilia Dodekova
Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia
(Received 14 . Ofi. 1994; accrpted 1fi. 06. 1991) JJ. JloileKoaa - Lf.ucmht iJuHotp,zai!eAAam 6ama - mumoHa ( 10pa) a Ceoe pHoii DOAi!apuu . Ill. TaKco ltOAtUJ! /llU/IlOHCKIIX !{UC/Il UUHOt/JAazeAAam. J1cc,1e)lOBaHbl )lHIWUHCTbl THTOI!CKHX MOpCKHX OTJ!Oll Introduction The present paper is the third in a series of four articles dealing with the Jurassic di nocysts of Nort h Bulgaria. It summarizes palynological data accumulated over many years from study on 34 boreholes and one outcrop (Fig. 1). In North Bulgaria the Jurassic marine sequence is essentially continous and per mits to establish a full dinocyst succession. The present study indicates that the diffe- II R 0 M A N r A 0 BELOGRADC IK •1 PLEVEN 0 •10 •11-15 16 •19 OLOVEC. •ZO OSEVl-.IEVO •21 Fig. I. Location of the studied boreholes and outcrop with Tithonian sediments: 1- R-2 Milcina !aka, 2-R-3 Komostica, 3-R-1 Hajredin, 4-R-1 Bardarski geran, 5- Beglez, 11-R-2 Devetaki, 12-R-3 Devetaki, 13-R-4 Devetaki, 14-R-5 Devetaki, 15- 20- R-1 Suhindol, 21- Mahala Porska, 22- R-1 Kav1ak, 23- S-1 Razgrad, 24- S-24 Sultanci, 29- R-11 Zitnica, 30- R-IO Padina, 31- R-1 Junak, 32- R-3 Junak, 33- rent I ithostratigraphic units related to the Tithonian contain a large number of dino cysts. Most of them have restricted vertical and extensive horizontal distribution. Thus they facilitate detailed stratigraphic subdivision ·and correlation. The results of these investigations dealing main! y with the stratirgaphy have been pub! ished by .Uo ;teKOBa in CanyHOB eta!., 1986a, CanyHOB eta!., 1986b, Cany H o B, 4 y M a q e H K o, 1987. In these papers the main lithostratigraphic units were shown as well as all records of ammonites, calpionellids and some importante dinocyst species. In the world the dinocyst assemblages from the Tethyan Region are not enough investigated in comparison with those of the Boreal Province. For that reason, there are much new taxa in these assemblages which are significant for Tithonian strati graphy and the Jurassic -Cretaceous boundary. Some of them have been published by Dod e k ova (1969). In this paper they are refigured. . The model of the text, the used terminology, construction of the range-chart and method of work are discussed in the first article (D o d e k o v a, 1990) and partly in the second paper (Do cl e k ova, 1992). The biostratigraphic analysis of the dinocysts from the Tithonian sediments of North Bulgaria (Fig. 2) is controlled by the independent studies of ammonites and calpionellids. The standard ammonite zonation and chronostratigraphic units in this country have been established by Sap uno v (1977), Can y H oR (1979), N i k o- 1 o v, Sap uno v (1977) and the calpionellid zonal scheme respectively by B aka- 1 ova (1977) and B aka I o v n in N i k o I o v, Sap uno v (1977). A strati- 12 23 OTOLBUHIN -oRAZGRAD OPROVADIJA 26-~:[ •Jl •25 32.•34 R-1 Kneza, 6- R-l Dolni .Dabnik, 7-R-1 Trastenik, 8-R-1 Gigen, 9- R-l Brest. 10 - R-2 R-8Devetaki , 16-R-1 Brestovo, 17-R-1 Stezerovo, 18 - R-l Svistov, 19-R-1 Karpacevo, Nikola Kozlevo, 25- R-9 Bozvelijsko, 26- R-6 Sultanci, 27- R-7 Sultanci, 28- R-8 R-4 Junak, 34- R-14 Grozdjovo, 35- R-1 Georgi Trajkov graphic scheme of the stages. substuges. the ammonite and calpionellicl zones and subzones is shown on Fig 3. The litostratigraphic unit used in this paper are revised by C a n y 11 o B, 4 y M a 4 e H '' o (1986). All dinocyst species studied and figured here are being kept in the collections of the Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Aclmowledwmcnts. I would l i kc to express my sincerest thanks tu my foreign cull cagues pal ynulo gisls. They arc grateful ly acknowledged fur sending i mpurtant literature on dinocysts and fur their competent suggestions and criticisms, special ly tu Dr W. A. S. Sarjeant. My thanks to L. Zafirova and E. Tomova for processing the palynological sa mples, S. Antonova and L. Panova for printing the photographs and Z. Mishova for drawing the tex t-figures. l am grateful to the Geological Institute for supporting me during my research. Taxonomv Dinocysts with apical archeopyle Genus Amphorula -Dod e k o v a, 1969 emend. Z otto et al., 1987 emend . M o n t e i I, 1990 Type s p e c i e s (by original designation): Amphorula metaelliptica Do cl e k o v a, 1969 . 13 ~------·------r------LATE JUI~ASSIC TITHONIAN AGE m )> r IJ 0 )>_, r 0 DINOFLAGELLATE -< r m CYSTS m 1 2 ·1 1. Eilipsoitlictyum cinctum ----·· 2. Rignutlclla filamcnto8a r-·---- 3. rJcf.;fOSJ1hR,.rit/ium pofyfrirhwu ~ ----- ·1. ,1t/nato.-;pbnrritlium caul/crJ'i ~- 5. Sr.ntw;idinium rioultii !4--· fi. Ew:harispbarritlia pococ.kii 7. Scriniotlinium galcritum galcritum 8. Rbyncbotliniopsis clntlopbora 9. Po~ygonifcra baJ·o.rica 10. Litbotlinia hcjuii 11. Systcmstopbora arcolata 12. l!..'piplospbaera arcolata + ------13. Epiplospbaera hireticulata H. Xcnicotlinium tlcnsispinosum 15. His fiophora ornata 16. Cribroperitiinium? globatum 17. Egmonlotlini11m po~vplacopborum Ut Gochtcotlinia ruutahilis 19. Prri.... w :in!ipbnrritlium d. ingcgrrtlii 20. Subli/ir;phnrrn p11cmino8R 21. l':dc-n:,irlln m·uln Z2. Cbyt ror-i-;piJacritlia t•hyt roritlrs 2:~. ,·1rantbau/ax 1-(THIIUfi!{rT/1 2i. IA"plotlinium suhli!f· 2.5. /Jinoptcrigium rlinwrphum 14------;---- - Z6. llJ•strirho. _._ ~ '------··- ·------· ------~-· · - _. ______ 14 1 2 3 4 37 . .Ril(ltudl'lln tll'I!mln 38. ,O.,'cril•iodiuium didyotum dictyotum 39. 8yslrrunlt1plwrn penirilni1J ~ ·- ·10. Prolixospbacridiwu mi:"ti:,.pillo .~ wll ----·· -- -- 11. Tt•barundiuiuru nrulr.nluru ~ ------12. Scriuiodiuiwu plnyfortlii 13. Lcptotliniwn'! clntbnJtum ·- - 44. Leptodinium'! m aruillifrrum 0 -15. Arupborula mctaclliptica 46. Cassiculm•pbneritlin sp. 17. Cn.<;siculospbal'ritlia? crihros 11 -18. Cblam.vdopborclla s p. aff. C D,J'l'i •19. JJingodinium? tuheros um aO. Pandndinium spino.mm ~1. .Rl'IIIlingia gochtii ~2. P11rcodini11 <'t•ratophora ~------·· ---- ~3 . ."iirmio.tl!niur_u !(ro.ssi - ··-r-----.,. 51 . .1-lcantbaulax granulata ·------· 55. Dingodinium jurassirum 56. Tuhotuherclla a pate/a 0 57. Dichadogonyaulax? pllUJlca 58. Dingotlinium alhr.riii ------~ 59. Prolixospbacridiurn hnsifurcnium 60. Tenua bystrix 61. Lantcrnn hulgt~ricn 62. Tcbamatlinium e~ ·itlii ij'l.,. Nummus .simi/is 61. Utl1odinin hu/Joidt·a 65. ( h·r.i.,·ucysla l111lio.,· 66. 8y.•dcm11topbora da n·,r 67 . ....:p; trmulopborn? prmligiosa 6X . A nu11lw u}u;" '! S JI . , \ 69. Lt•ptmlinium tiiJiiguuium 711 . l'llrrtulinill !liiUO I 71. l'rri.-; ..;t•ia .o;p/wcritliu m p11u1w.•:um 72. ,.,)·.o;tt·nwtophora Jubil(·r;J 73. , lmphorula drliml:1 ... 71. Cirnrlodiniuru c·ornpl Ei 1 z 3 <1 8~. Lepiotliuiwu'! plagslum SG. Leplodiuium smbiguiformi-; ~ 87. Dicbstlosouysulsx culmuls ~ 88. Criluoperitliuium sp. A - 89. P.rolixospbscritlium? /orstum 91-. Mutlcrousi• simplex 91. Ampboruls moulcilia.c tz. Blorllifcrs jobucwiusii 13. Pbollerocystll JJCOComicll 94. Scrimo tliuium a.tia.tlalcDSc IS. Spiui/critcs alstus 91. Systcma.topbors sp. alf. S. .p11lmulll 91. Tricbotfiuium criusccoitles 98. G(}DJ'IlWilCJ'si• tliutiu• 99. GoDy•ul•cysl• ~esicul11 -- Fig. 2. Range-chart of th e Bul garian Tithoni an dinocyst species R e m a rk s. The genus A mphomla was described by Dod e k o v a, 1969 by monotypy. The generic diagnos is coincided with that of the type species A . metael· liptica. It has characterisitic high penitabular septa, striate, entire or perforate in variabl e degree. Adcingular septa open towards the cingular area. The plates lp and I"" are closed. The other important fe Amprhorula delicata Van H c I d c n, 1986 Pl. I, fig. I T y pe. The holoty!Je is figured by Va n HeIden (1986, pl. 4, fig. 4). 0 c c ur r en c c. B ure h o l ~s: R-7 Sultanci (depth 1765 m, Ti ca Fm .. Late Tithonian , Cras ~ i co lluria Zone); R·l Junak (d ep th 1605 m, Tica Fm ., Middle Tithonian, Chilirwidellu Zone). IG ------.• . ..4 _ ___..-. Q) AMMONITES CAU•IONELIJI>S -+-' 0> (j') ro ..0 -+-' ZONES SlJUZONES ZO~ES Sl ; I~ZO:'\TES (f) ~ -- ~ Timm•clla . Tintinopsella ~ occililll ica carputllica a: a: Pseudosubplanites . C alpionellu w (P.) grandis Ca/piouella co alpin a a: Malbosiceras w Paraulacosphinctes chaperi 0... 0... /1. (Micmcanllwce- Cras:;icollarit :::> lrQitsitorius ras) microcaullm.\· r--- CltitiJwidella Parapallasiceras sp. . 0 z - Virgatosimocera\' ~ rothpletzi . <( Frtutconil~s - Frtmconites pseudojuhatus rimineus z . 0 a: I Subplanitoides LU schwerlscltkigeri . f- - s Subpumites f- 0 uwcnt.\'lteimcll.'ii.\' -' 1/ybonoliccra'f hybanolum . f-i g. 3. Subs tages, ammonite a nd calpionellid zones and s ubzones of the T ithoni an in Bulgaria (a ccording t o Sa punov a nd Ba kal ova in N i k o I o v, S a p un o v, 1977) Amphorula metae/liptica Dod e k o v a, 1969 Pl. I, figs. 2-5, 12 T y p e. The holotype is figured by Dod e k o v a (1969, pl. IV, figs. 1- 3). R em ark s. The archeopyle is apical, type tA , operculum free, the apex constru cton is not known. The opercula illustrated hy M o n t e i I ( !990, pl. I, figs. 2- 4) did not belong to this species. 0 c c ur r e n c e. Boreholes: R-4 Deveta ki (depth 2869 m, Pleven F m., Early T ithonian); R - 1 Dolni Da bnik (d epth 25 19-2560 m, Pl even Fm., T ithoni a n) ; R - 1 Trastenik (dept h 2 193 m, Pl c ven Fm ., La te Kimmcridgian?-Earl y Tithoni a n) ; R - 1 Stczerovo (d ep th 162 0 m, Kaspican f-m. , La te 2 Geologica Balcanica, 24. 5 17 Tithonian, Crassico llaria Zone): R -I Suhi ndol (clepth 3033 m, Ti i.'a -PI even F m., Tithonian) ; R-7 Sultanci (d epth 1734-1765 111, Ti ca fm ., Late Tithuni<:tn, Cra ssicollaria Zone): R-1 Jun a k (depth 1573 m, Late Tithoni an, Cra55icollaria Zone; depth 1605 m, 1'-'\iddlc Tithonian, Chitinoidellu Zone, Ti ca Fm .). Amphorula? monteiliae sp. n. Pl. I , figs. 6-11, 13, 14 ; pi , II, figs. 6-10 1972 . Heslerloniu petlucida G i t m c z, 1970; H a b 1 b, pl. II, fig . 8. 197:l. Cyclonephelium? sp.; H a b i b & War r e 11, p 21 8. 1975. Amphorula metaeltiptica D o d e k o va, 1969 ; Habib, pl. 2, fig . 7; pl. :3 , fig . 5. 1987. Amphorula metaetliptica; H a b i b & Drug g, pl. I, fig . I. 1990 . Amphoruta metaelliplica ; Monte i I, pl. I, figs. 1-4 ; pl. 2, figs. 1-4, nun fig, 5. Type. The holotype is the specimen figured on pl. I, figs. 13, 14, slide 857--25, out crop Mahala Popska, vicinity of the town of Sevlievo, Central North Bulgaria, Zlata ri ca-Cerni Osam Fm., Late Tithonian, Paraulacosphinctes transitorius Zone, Malbosice ras chaperi Subzone. Derivation of the name. The species is named after the pal ynologist Dr Eric Mon teil , University of Geneva, who described and illustrated very well this species as rl . metaellipt ica. Material. Numerous specimens with or without apex and numerous free opercula. Dimensions (in 11m). Holotype: length (without apex) - 75, width - 75, length of septa - 7. Range: length (\\'ithout apex) - 64-87, width - 64-90, length of septa - 4-8. Diagnosis. The cys t is subspherical proximochorate-septate. The tabu! at ion is gonyaulacacean, indicted by low penitabular septa \\'hich may be arcuate semielip tical, semicircular to rectangular or polygonal in outline. Adcingular septa always open towards the cingulum . The cingulum is expressed by 6 pairs low subconical pro cesses. The archeopyle is apical, with deep accessory sutures and a sulcal notch. The operculum is free. Description. Acavate cyst. The cyst \\·all is composed of two appressed layers except where penitabular septa are formed . The superficial sculpture of the wall is illdefined. Ii consists of irregularly spaced granules, pits, fine reticulum or smooth. The tabula tion repeats the classical gonyaulacacean pattern IFig. 4) with a formula : 1-2 pr?, 4', 6", 6c, 6" ', lp, 1"", 5s. The penitabular projections proximall y start with thick ridges, striated, with or witout rare perforations, which pass in thin septa (fig. 3, pl . 2, fig. 10). Di stally the septa arc entire or with rare denticulations and s poradic per- \ 1'"' a b Fif. 4. Ta bul a ti on s ketch of Amphuru/a:) montciliae sp. 11 . a. \'entral s icl e; b. constructi on uf the peni tab ular septa, b1 - bas 18 for~tio~s. Mont e i I (1990, p. 598.• pl. 1, figs. 2-4) very well described the apex or gamsatJOn. There are 1 or 2 preap1cal plates (pl. I, figs. 8, 10; Monte i I, 1990, pl. I, figs. 4a, b). In the .centre of some opercula have subconical thicker place or group of granules. The four apical plates are arcuate or angular. Their form and dimensions are evident on the photos (pl. I, figs. 7-11) . The apical septa are alwav:-; open towards preapical area but in some opercula the basal ridges may be clo~cd (pi: I, fig~. 7, 8). A gn•at number of free opercula exists in palynological slides. They are so characteristic of the species that may be used for its identification. The adcingular -.:c ries of plates possess arcuate-angular semielliptical, trapezoidal or semicircular septa, always open toards the ci ngul urn. The sept a of I", 6", 2"' and 6"' are reI ati vel y smaller than the others. The plate 1"' is the smallest, elliptic-angular with clear arcuate ridge septum towards the plate 2'", poorly, developed or ab sent t01.vard s the sulcus. The posterior plate -lp is polygonal with always closed septum. The single antapical plate- 1"" is occupied by closed septum rounded six-sided or trapezoidal, asym metric. The cingulum is indicated by six pairs low subconical rectilinear processes, never with bifurcate tips. Their bases are not connected with the ridges as it is in the type species A. metaelliptica (pl. I, fig. 14; pl. 2, fig. 10). On rare occasions they may be connected with an allusion of ridges \vith the neighbottr septa. It is often difficult to distinguish the cingular processes. The sulcus (Fig. 4) is presented by low ridges with or without septa and includes: as- relatively large triangular open ridge; ras - small irregular-trapezoidal ridge; rs- and Is- clear, small arcuate ridges di sposed oppo site; pv (pr) -relatively large semielliptic open ridge with a low septum (pl. 2, fig. 7). The morphological detai Is of this species are observed on the well preserved spe cimens. The cysts are often broken or distorted to some extent, with secondary folds but the characteristic morphology permits their identification by the parts of the cyst. The intraspecific variability of the new species is expressed by insignificant variations of dimensions, the length of the septa varies in different specimens. The open ends of the ridges and septa in precingular and postcingular series normally are sub parallel. But in some cysts the ends of neighbouring basal ridges converge one to other and rare are united. On another occasion the basal precingular ridges cross the cingu lum and unit with the opposite postcingular ridges. Whether these instances are owing to the iPJtraspecific variability or are provoked by deformation of the cyst is diffi cult to establish. Remarks. A? monteiliae sp. n . differs from the other species of the genus generally by the construction of the cingulum and existence of opercula in palynolo gical material. The other species have six rectilinear cingular ridge~ each of which has of its two ends a slender process with bifurcated tip. In no one of them a free oper cul urn was encountered and the apex organization remained unknown. These features provoke me to refer A? monteiliae sp. n . tho the genus Amphorula with all proper re serves. For the rest (tabu! ati on, archeopyle, open septa, ambitus) the new species resem bles the type species A. metaelliptica. The latter has high distall y flaring septa, peni / intratabular, open, more complicated- entire, perforate, fenestrate or denticulate. 0 c c u r r e n c e . Boreholes: R-1 Hajredi n (depth 3279.2-3280 m, Late Tithonian, Glozene Fm .); R-2 Beglez (depth 3103 m, Pleven Fm., Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone); R· l Biirdarski geran (depth 2848 m., Kaspican-Salas Fm., Berriasian); R-1 Junak (T1ca Fm ., depth 1:3 95 m, Cal pionella Zone, C. alpina Subzone, the boundary Late Tithonian-Berriasian, depth 1498-1578 m. Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone, Himalayites (M .) Microcanlhus Zone); R- 3 Junak !depth 1675.4 m, Tica Fm. Late Tithonian); R-9 Bozvelijs ko (depth 2297-2302 m, Tica Fm., Late 11thon1an, Crasst collaria Zone); R-7 Sultanci (depth 1707-1742 m, Tica Fm., Late Tithon ian, Crassicol~aria Zone); R-8 Sultanci (depth 1795 m, Tica Fm., Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone); R-3 Komost!ca (depth 2856-2861 m, Glozene Fm., Calpionella Zone, C. alpina Subzone, the boundary Late Tithon_lan -Ber riasian); outcrop Mahala Popska , the vicinity of the town of Sevl1evo, Zla~ar1ca-Cern1 Osa m Fm. , Late Tithonian, Paruulacosphinctes transi/orius Zone, Malbostccras chapcn Subzone. 19 Genus Cassiculosphaeridia D a v e y, l969a T y fJ e s pec i e s (by original designation): Cassiculosphaeridia reticulata D a v e y, 1969a. Cu:n;icu/m;haericlia? sp. sensu Z otto et al., 1987 Pl. II, fig. 11 R ema rk s. Z o tt o et al. (1987, pl. 6, fi g. 4) fi gured thi s spec ies without description. I possess two specimens with morphology which coincide with thi s one of the specimen of Z o t t o et al. 0 c cur r en c c. Boreholes: S- 24 Ni kola l\ozlevo (depth 6:34 m, Early Tithoni an, Drinovo fm .); R-7 Sultanci (depth 1765 m, La te Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone, Tica Fm .). Cassiculosphaeridia? cribrosa sp. n. Pl. II, figs. 1-5, 12, 13 Type. Holot ype is the spec imen fi gur ed on pl. II, figs. 1-3, slide 3454-l, borehole I(-7 Sultanci, depth 1765 m, Ti ca Formation, Late Tithonian, Crassico llaria Zone, Northeastern Bulgaria. D er iva t ion of th e name. Latin: cribrosus -latticed, reticulate, in reference to the reticulum on the autophrag m . D i men s i on s (in ~tm) . Holotype: length (without apex) - 79, height of ridges- 4. Range: diameter- 79- 94, height of ridges- 3-7 (10 specimens measured). De s c r i p t i on. A s pherical to subspherical proximate cyst. The autophragm is ornamented by an irregular reticulum composed of low, narrow muri outlining cir cular to irregularl y pol ygonal lumina, variable in dimensions and shape. The cingulum is vague, on some s pecimens is di scernible by linearely arranged lumina and muri . The tabulation is expressed by the archeopyle and the cingulum. The archeopyle is a pi cal, t y pe tA, large with zigzag principal margi n. One specimen only exhibits ac cessory archeopyle sutures and they may be due to secondary breakages. But in thi s breakage the six preci ngul ar pi ates are formed. Free opercula exist in palynological slides. Remark s. Cassiculosphaeridia? cribrosa sp. n . is pl aced in the genus Cassiculu sphuaidia with some incertitude. The generic di agnosis includes a small archeopyle and a cingulum di sposed in the upper part of the cyst, with epicyst - hy pocyst ratio I to 2 or I to 3. C. reticula/aD ave y, 1969a and C. magna Dave y, 1974 differ from the new species by their coarse reticulum and a hi gh di sposed cingulum. C. pygmaea S t e v e n s (1987, p. 183, fi gs. L-Q) has similar reti cui urn to that of C? crib rosa but its average size is smaller, ellipsoi dal in shape, lacks indication of a cingulum and the figured speci mens have adherent opercula. C. delicata Stowe r & He I b y (1987, p. 103, fig. 2) has an imperfect reticul urn and a tabulation expressed by sutural reti cul ate bands. A specimen similar and may be conspecific to C? cribrosa is figured as C. magna by I o an n i d es et a!. (1976, pl. I, fi g. 7) . 0 c cur r en c e. Boreholes: R-:.> B re~ t (depth 174 7 m, Midtllc Tithonian, 1\ Genus Chlamydophorel/a C o o k so n & E I i s e n a c k, 1958 T y p e s p e c i e s (by original designation): Chlamydophorella nyei Cookson & E i s e n a c k, I 958 20 Chlamydophorella sp. aff. C. nyei Cookson & Eisen a c k, 1958 Pl. II , figs. / 4, 15 Rem a r k s. All Tithoni an dinocyst assemblages include this species whose morphology is similar to that of C. nyei. It has an apical projection, without indications of a cingulum and a tabulation. 0 c c 11 r r en c. e. Boreholes: R-1 Devetaki (depth 2546-2548 m. Late Tithonian. Kaspi can I'm.); R-4 Devetaki (depth 2869-2871 m, Early Tithonian, Pleven Fm .); R-8 Devetaki (depth 2327 m, Early Tithonian, Kaspican I'm .): R-1 Stezerovo (depth IG20 m, Tithonian, Ka spican Fm.); R-1 Gigen (depth 1644.5 m, Tithonian, Kaspican I'm.): R-3 Brest (depth 1747 m. Tithoni Genus Circulodinium A I b e r t i, 1961 T ype spec i e s (hy original des ignation) : Cirru!odinium lzirtellum A I be r I i, 1961 Circulodinium compta (0 ;~ v e y , 1982b) He I by, 1987 Pl. Ill, figs. /, 2 T ype. The holotype is figured hy Davey (1982b, pl. 8, fig. 3) . 0 c cur r e n c e. Boreholes: R-1 Jun 2. k (depth I G05 m, Ti i' n Fm ., Mind! Tithoninn, Chilinoi dPlla Zone). Genus Cometodinimn D e f Ian d r e & Co 11 rtf' vi II e, 1939 emend. M on t e i I, 1991 T y p e s p ec i e s (by original designation): C.Ometodinium obscurum D e f I an d r e & C o u r t e v i I I e, 1939 Cometodinium habihii M on t e i I, 1991 Pl. III, figs . .1, 7 Type. The holot ype is figured by Monte i I (1991, pl. 3, fig . la-b) . 0 c cur r en c e. Outcrop Mahala Popska, vicinity of the town of Sevlievo, Zlatarica-Ccrni Osam I'm., Late Tithonian, Paraulacosphinctes transitorius Zone, Ma l!Josiceras chaperi Subzone. Bo reholes: R-1 Junak (Tica Fm., depth 1605 m, Middle Tithonian, Chitinoidella Zone: depth 157:3 m, Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone, H. ( M .) Microcanthus Subzone; depth 1405 m. boundary Late Tithonian-Berriasian, Calpionella Zone, C. alpina Subzone); R-3 Junak (depth 1711.7 m, Tica Fm ., Middle Tithonian); R-7 Sultanci (depth 1732 m, Tica Fm., Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone). Cenus Dingodinium C o o k s o n & E i s e n a c k, 1958 T y p e spec i e s (by original designation): Dingodinium jurassicum Cook s on & E i s e n a c k, I 958 Dingodinium alberii S a r j e a n t, 1966c Pl. III, figs. 4, 5 Type. The holotype is figured by Sa r jean t (1966c, pl. 21, fig. 3). R em a r k s. D. a I bert i i ex tends of a significant number in a continuous dinocyst succession from the Tithonian through the Berriasian and the Valanginian . 21 0 c cur r en c e. Boreholes: R-1 Dolni Dabnik (depth 2560 m, Pleven Fm., Late Tithonian); R-1 Kneza (d epth 2835-3 132 m, Pl even Fm ., Late Tithonian-Berriasia n); R-1 Trastenik (depth 2193 m, Pleven Fm ., Late? Kimmeridgian-Early Tithonian) ; R- 1 Brestovo (depth 2957 m, Pleven Fm ., Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone) ; R-4 Deveta ki (depth 2869 m, Pleven Fm., Early Tithonian); R-14 Grozdjovo (depth 2532 m, Ti ca Fm ., Late Tithonian); R-1 Junak (depth 1495- 1573 m, Late Titho nian, Crassico llaria Zone, H . (M .) Microcanthus Zone; depth 1605-1641 m, Middle Tithonian, Chi tinoidella Zone. Ti ca Fm.): R -3 Junak (d ep th 1756 m, Tica Fm ., Earl y Tothonian): R-7 Sultanci (depth 1707-1765 m, Ti ca Fm. , La te Tithonian , Crassico/luria Zone); R -8 Sultanci (depth 1796- 1803 m, Ti ca Fm .. Late Tithonian) : R-10 Padina (depth 1656 m, Tii'a Fm., Late Tithoni an) ; outcrop Mahal a Popskn, Zla tari ca-C:e rni Osam Fm ., Late Tithonian, Parau/acosphinctes lrasi torius Zone. Dingoginium? tuberosum (G it me z, 1970) Fi s her & R i I e y, 1980 Pl. 111 , fig. 6 T y p e. The holot ype is figured by G i t me z (1970, pl. 6, fig . 9). 0 c c 11 r r e n c e. Boreholes: R-1 Brestovo (depth 2957 m, Pl even Fm., Late Tithoni an, Crn s sicolluria Zone); R-4 J11n a k (d ep th 1654 .:l m. Ti ca Fm ., Early Tithoni an) . Genus Egmontodinium G it m c z & Sa r j e a 11 t, 1972 T y p e s peri e s (by original designation) : Egmontodinium polyplacophorum G i t m e z & S a r j e a 11 t, 1972 Egmontodinium e:cpiratum D a v e y, 1982b Pl. Ill. figs. R, 9 T y p C'. The holotype is figured by Davey (1982b, pl. 8, figs. 13, 14) . 0 c c 11 r r en c e. Boreholes: R-1 J11nak (depth 1605 m. Tica Fm ., Middle Tithonian, Chi linoidl'!lu Zolll'): R-4 J unak (depth 1654 .5 m, Ti ca fm., Earl y Tithoni an) . Egmontotli 11ium po/yplacophol'llln G i t m e z & S a r j e a n t, 1972 Pl . Ill, figs. !(), f./ T y p e. The holotype is fi gured by G i t m e z & Sa r j e a n t (1972, pl. 8, figs. I, 2: pl. II. figs. 5, 6). () c c 11 r r e 11 c e. Boreholes: R- 3 Junak (dep th 1756.4 m, Early Tithonian, Tica Fm .); R-4 .Jun a k (dl'pth ! 6:l l.5 m, Early Tithonian, Tica Frn.). Genus Kallosphaeridium De Coni n c I<, 1969 T y p e s peri e s (by original designation): !(allosplzaeridium brevibarbatum De Coni nrk , 1969 Kallo.~phaeridi11m callosum sp. n. Pl . 1\" , fi ).! >. / -9 T y p e. The holot ype is the specimen figured on pl. IV, fig. 7, slide 3540-5, borehole R-1 .Jun ak . depth 1605 m, Ti ca Fm ., Middle Tithonian, Chitinoidella Zone, Northea stern Bul garia. De r i \' a t i on of the name. Latin : callosus- thick-skinned, in referen ce to the thirk au tophragm of the cyst. .\\ at e r i a l. 23 specimens. 22 D i men s i on s (in ~tm). Holotype: diameter - 72. Range: diameter- 68- 72 (10 specimens measured). Des c r i p t ion. A spherical to sub spherical proximate cyst, \\eakl y flattened dorso-ventrally. The autophragm is smooth or \\'ith uncertain foveolae . The latter may be owing to a bacterial intervention, since some of the specimens possess secon dary perforations (pl. IV, fig . 8). The autophragm is thick (1.5- 2 pm) with rare fold s (pl. IV, fig. 9). The tabulation indicated by the archeopyle only. The archeopyle is apical, type tA with angular margin. Operculum attached \~v· ith a thicker place i11 the very center of the apex. R em a r k s. Kallosphaeridium callosum sp. n. is similar and may be con:>peci fic with Kal!ospharrirfium sp. A from Late Tithonian, Ka\\'hia, Ne\\' Zealand ( H e I h y et al., 1988, p. 151, fig. 22J). The ne\\' species is very close to the Kimmeridgian c~ -s't described by Davey (1987, p. 40, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15) as Levisphaera crassicinglllaln Burger, 1980b). D::! v e y noted the lack of the cingular thickening on hi s specimens, observed in the Australian type material (Burger, 1980b, p. 268) . They are also rather spherical than ovoidal as the Burger's specimens and the figured cysts po s~· ess an attached operculum. Finally Le<.·isphaern crassicingulata sensu Dave y, 1987 111ay be con specific with Kallosplzaeridium callosum. 0 c cur r e 11 c e. Boreholes: R-1 Junak (depth 15:36 m, Late Tithoni an , Crassico i/Mia Zon(': depth 1605 m, Middle Tithonian, Ti C:1 Fm .); R-:1 .Jun ak (depth IG95.5 m, Middle Tithonia n, Til:a Fm .); R-6 Sultanci (depth 166.\ m, Ti ca Fm ., boundary Late Tithonian-Berriasi an. Ca/pion£' 1/u Zon e, C. a/pina Subzone). Genus Lanterna Dod e k ova, 1969 T y p e s p e c i e s (by original designation): Lanterna bulgarica D o d e k o \' a, 1969 R em arks. All specimens of the specie-; L. bulgarica and L. sport uta from the type material possess an archeopyle. Dod e k ova (1969, pp. 16-19) suspected four apical plates. Subsequently, in other loc Lanterna hulgarica D o d e k o v a, 1969 Pl. Ill, figs. 12, /.1, 16-18 T y p e. The holotype is figured by D ode k o v a (1969, pl. I I, figs. 4-6) . 0 c cur r en c e. Boreholes: R-1 Karpacevo (depth 2871-2873 m, Pl even Fm ., Early Titho· nian); R-1 Dolni Dabnik (depth 2560 m, Pleven Fm., Late Tithonian); R·l Kneia (depth 2835·2881 m. Kaspican - Pl even Fm., Late Tithonian-Berriasia n); R-1 Triistenik (depth 2193 m, Pleven Fm ., Late Kimmeridgian?-Tithonian); R·l Stezerovo (depth 1620 m, Kaspican Fm., Late Tithonian, Cras sicollaria Zone) ; R·2 Beglez (depth 3103 m. Pleven Fm .. Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone) : R-1 Suhindol (dt>pth 3033-3038 m, Tica-Pieven Fm ., Tith onian); R-1 Brest ovo (depth 2960 .5 m, Pl e,·en Fm., Late Tithonian. Crassico/laiia Zone): R-4 De\·ctaki (depth 2869-2871 m, Pleven Fm., Ear ly Tithonian); R-1 Junak (Tica Fm., clepth 1550-1 578 m, Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone: H . (M. ) microca nttts Subzone; depth 1605 m, Middle Ti th onian, Chitinoidella Zone) ; R-3 Junak (Tica Fm ., depth 1695.5 m, Middle Tithonian, \\'here constructs 50°n of dinocyst asse mblage; depth 1756.4 m, Early Tithonian); R·4 Junak (depth 1632.5 m, Tica Fm ., Middle Tithonian); R- 7 Sultanci (d epth 1732 m, Tica Fm., Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone); R-1 1\a\'lak (depth 2271 m, Drinovo-Tica· Ginci -Ja\·orec Fm ., Early Tithonian) ; outcr op ,\\ahal il Popska, t0\1'11 of Sevlievo, Zlatarica-Cerni Osiim Fm ., L11te Tithon ian, Paraulacnsphinctes transi/nritts Zone, Ma /bosiceras chaperi Subzone). 23 Lanterna sportula D o d e k o v a, 1969 Pl. IV, fig. I Type. The holotype is figured by Dod e k ova (1969, pl. III, figs. 4, 7). 0 c cur r en c e. Boreholes: R-1 Dolni Dabnik (depth 2519-2560 m, Pleven Fm ., Late Titho nian); R-1 Stezerovo (depth 1620 m, Kaspican Fm., Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone); R-2 Beg lez (depth 3103 m, Kaspican Fm ., Late Tithonian, Crassico/laria Zone); R-9 Bozvelijsko (depth 2297.4 m, Tica Fm., Late Tithonian , Crassico llaria Zone); R-11 Zitnica (depth 1713 .8 m, Tica Fm ., La!e Tithonian-Berriasian, Calpionella Zone, C. alpina Subzone): R-1 J unak (depth 1495-1550 m, TH.:a Fm., Late Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone) ; R-3 Junak (depth 1695.5 m, Tica Fm ., Middle-Late Tithonian). Genus Lithodinia Eisen a c k, 1935 emend. Go c h t, 1975b T y p e s p e c i e s (by original designation): Lithodinia Jurassica E i sen a c k, 1935 Lithodinia bulloidea(C o o k son & E i sen a c k, 1960) Go c h t, 1976 Pl. V, figs. /, 2, 5, 15 Type. The holotype is figured by Cookson & Eisen a c k (1960b, pl. 37, fig. II, text-f ig. 4). 0 c c 11 r r c n c e. Borehole R-3 Junak (depth 1695.5 m, Tica Fm., Middle Tithonian). Genus Muderongia C o o k s o n & E i s e n a c k, 1958 Type species (by original dPsignation): Muderongia macwhaei Cookson & Eisen a c k, 1958 Muderongia simplex A I b e r t i, 1961 Pl. IV, figs . .1, 6, 14 Type. The holotype is figured by A I bert i (1961, pl. 2, fig, 4) . 0 c cur r e 11 c e. Boreholes: R-5 Devetaki (depth 2905 m, Pl cven Fm., Late Tithonian); R-1 Junak (d epth 157 :3 -1 578 m, Tica Fm. , Liitc Tithonian, Crassicollaria Zone). Genus Pandadinium Co u r t i n at, 1989 emend. Type species (by original designation): Lanterna spinosa Dod e k ova, 1969 D i a g n o s i s (based on the features of the type species L? spirwsa). Subspheri cal proximo-chorate cyst. The autophragm is covered with subconical to buccinate processes, spines (till 6Jlm high), verrucae or granules. Some adjacent ons may coalesce proximally, rare distally. The tabulation is gonyaulacacean, with formula: 4'?, 0-Ja, 6", 6c, 6"', Jp, !''", Xs(lps). It is indicated by united processes aligned on the sutu res. Some plates have "double sutures". The cingulum is relativel y narrow, the sulcus is short . They are bordered by aligned processes, inside are finely sculptured, with gra nLlles, rare verrucae. The archeopyle is apical, type tA, the construction of the apex unknown. The emendation of the generic diagnosis includs as strongly marked fea tures - the lack of pandasutural bands and lack of rectilinear groups of processes in the middle of the cingulum - features evident in the original description and on the figured scheme of Lanterna? spinosa (Dod e k ova, 1969, p. 17, fig. C). R e m a r k s. D o d e k o v a (1969, p. 16) described genus Lanterna with three species - L. bulgarica, L . sportula and L . spirwsa. Stover & Evitt (1978, p. 59) 24 reasonably noted that the species L. SfJinosa did not possess the typical features of the genus Lanterna - pandasutural bands and six rectilinear groups of ornaments in the middle of the cingu lum. Poss ibly, the remarks of S t o v e r & E v i t t have been used for creation of the genus Pandadinium (Cou rt in at, 1989, p. 189) with type species Lanterna spinosa. The cysts illustrated by Court i n at (1989), pl. 17, fig. 3; pl. 23, fig. 21) did not possess the features of L? spinosa (the specimen on pl. 23, fig . 5 is not distinct). More probably these are specimens of L. bulgarica. Independently of contradiction with the name derivation of the genus Pandadi nium (without pandasutural bands) I retain genus Pandadinium C n 11 r t i 11 at, 1989 as created already genus. Stover & Evitt (1978, p. 39) refer the species Lanterna? pattci (V a 1 ens i, 1948) B r i d e a u x & F i s h e r, 1976 and Lanterna? saturnalis B r i d e a u x & Fi s her. 1976 as "provisionally accepted species" to the genus Lanterna. Co u r t on at (1989, p. 189) includs the both species in the range of the genus Pandadinium . This opinion is not accepted here and the follm\·ing taxonomic combination is proposed: Epiplosphaera saturnalis (Brideau x & Fi s her, 1976) comb. n. ---· Lan terna saturnalis Brideau x & F i .s he r, 1976, p. 24, pi, 6, figs. 1-10; pl. 7, figs. 1-13, Kimmeridgian. Hystrichosphaeridium pattei V a I ens i, 1943 (p. 539, fig. I: 1953, p. 38, pl. 4, fig. 5) ,.-- Laterna pattei (V a I ens i, 1948) Brideau x & F i she r, 1976 (p. 25) Pandadinium pattei (V a I en .s i, 1948) Cou rt in at, 1989 (p. 189) . The noted taxonomic combinations may be accepted with difficulty. A restudy of the type mate rial of H. pattei is accordingly needed. On the morphological criteria - lack of an archeopyle, Jack of a cingulum, small dimensions and stratigraphic occurence, seems more probably an allocation to the genus Ch/amydophorella . The specimen from the Upper Jurass ic of Germany figured by K I em en t (1960, pl. 7, figs. 6-8) as H. pattei possess an apical archeopyle, pandasutural bands (fig. 7) and larger dimensions. This specimen may we ll allocated to the species Lantrrna hulgarica if construction of the cingulum conforms with the specific diagnosis. Pandadinium spinosum (D o d e k o v a, 1969) Co u r t i 11 a t, 1989 Pl. IV, fig. 2 Type. The holotype is figured by Dod e k ova (1969, pl. III, figs. 2, 3, 5). 0 c cur r en c e . Boreholes: R-1 Dolni Dabnik (depth 2519-2560 m, Pl evcn f'm ., La te Titho nian); R- 1 Kneza (depth 2881 m. Pleven Fm ., Late Tithon ian); R-1 Trastenik (depth 2193 m, Plc\·en Fm ., Late Kimmeridgian- Earl y Tithonian); R-1 Stezerovo (c!epth 1620 m, Kaspican Fm., Late Titho nian, Crassico l/aria Zone); R- 3 Devetaki (depth 2546 rn , K aspican f'm ., Tithonian) . Genus Perisseiasphaeridium D a v e y & W i I I i a m s, l 966b Type species (by original designation): Perisseiasphaeridium pannosum Davey & W i I I i a m s, l966b Perisseiasphaeridium cf. ingegerdii N 0 h r - H a n s e n, 1986 Pl. VI, figs. 2-4 T ype. The holotype i ~ figured by N 0 h r- Han se n (1986, pl. 3, fig. II). 0 c cu r r en c e. Borehol e R-8 Devetaki (depth 2328 m, Plevcn f'm ., Early Tithonian, some broken speci mens only). 25 Perisseiasphaeridium pannosum D a v e y & W i I I i a m s, 1966b Pl. VI, fig. I Type. The holotype is figured by Davey & W iII i am s (1966b, p. II, fig. 8). 0 c cur r en c e. Borehole R·l Junak (Tica Fm., depth 157:3 m, Late Tithonian, Crassicol laria Zone: depth 1605 m, Middle Tithonian, Chitinoidella Zone) . Genus Phoberocysta M iII i o u d, 1969 T y p e s pec i e s (by original designation) : lX'elzelie//a? neocomica Go c h t, 1957 Phobe1·ocysta neocomica (G o c h t, 1957( M i I I i o u cl, 1969 Pl. V, fig. 14 Type. The holotype is figured by Go c h t (1957, pl. 19, fig. I. text-fig. 7). Remarks. P. neocomica occurs in abundance in Early Cretaceous dinocyst assemblages. In Tithonian sediments it has been encountered sporadically in one bore hole sample (from multiple ones) and the only one specimen in outcrop. 0 c cur r en c e. Borehole R-7 Sultanci (depth 1734 m, Tica Fm., Late Tithonian, Crassi collaria Zone); outcrop Mahaln Popska, Sevlievo, Zl a tarica-C:e rni Osam fm., Late Tithonian, Pa mu/acosphincte .~ transitarius Zone. Genus Prolixosphaeridium D a v e y ct a I., 1966 emend. D a v e y, 1969a T y p e s p e c i e s (by original designation): Prolixosphaeridium deirense D a v e y et al., 1966 which was considered to be junior subjectiv synonym of Prolixosphaeridium parvispinum (Deflandre, 1937b) Davey et al., 1969, by Davey & Ver dier, 1974, p. 636 . Teherefore P. parvispinum is the correct name of the type of the genus. Prolixosphaeridium basifurcatum D o d e k o v il, 1969